JP5695295B2 - 基板表面をコーティングする方法および装置 - Google Patents
基板表面をコーティングする方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5695295B2 JP5695295B2 JP2008552727A JP2008552727A JP5695295B2 JP 5695295 B2 JP5695295 B2 JP 5695295B2 JP 2008552727 A JP2008552727 A JP 2008552727A JP 2008552727 A JP2008552727 A JP 2008552727A JP 5695295 B2 JP5695295 B2 JP 5695295B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 68
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 55
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 46
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 128
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 91
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940072107 ascorbate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C2=NNN=N2)=C1 KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 2
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- FTLYMKDSHNWQKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl FTLYMKDSHNWQKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 1
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229940046892 lead acetate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229940085605 saccharin sodium Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 40
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 22
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000901 saccharin and its Na,K and Ca salt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940081974 saccharin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019204 saccharin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 sodium cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000000994 L-ascorbates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl alcohol Natural products CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001457 metallic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- DUWWHGPELOTTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=C(NC(=O)CC(C)=O)C=C1Cl DUWWHGPELOTTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006174 pH buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1675—Process conditions
- C23C18/1683—Control of electrolyte composition, e.g. measurement, adjustment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/12—Process control or regulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1617—Purification and regeneration of coating baths
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
- C23C18/34—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents
- C23C18/36—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents using hypophosphites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/12—Process control or regulation
- C25D21/14—Controlled addition of electrolyte components
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Description
前記溶液の使用中に前記溶液の密度を測定し、溶液の密度測定値は、バランスした電解質組成物の密度に相当する基準密度値と比較され、
前記少なくとも一成分の補充および/または除去が前記基準密度値からの前記溶液の密度測定値の変動に依存して行われ、そして
コーティング溶液の性質を測定するために連続的に除去された電解質に追加して、前記コーティングするプロセスから電解質を連続的に除去し、
ここで、均一な金属層が、少なくとも14金属ターンオーバーにおいて基板表面に析出し、さらに前記溶液が、アニオンが揮発性の金属ベースの塩からなる。
さらに本発明による方法によって、層は、安定したままの電解液により析出され、この事実は、安定したコーティング結果、また、例えば電解液の使用の全期間にわたる常に高い残留圧縮応力といった被膜の特性をもたらす。
有利には、硫黄を含む複素環が、触媒として電解液に添加される。硫黄を含む複素環として、好ましくはサッカリン、その塩および/または誘導体、最も好ましくはサッカリン・ナトリウムが使用される。先行技術から知られ、従来使用されているS2−ベースの触媒とは逆に、サッカリン塩の添加は、より高い濃度であっても、析出された金属層の腐食耐性にいかなる悪影響も及ぼさない。
4乃至6g/l ニッケル・イオン
25乃至60g/l 還元剤
25−70g/l 錯体形成剤
1乃至25g/l 触媒
0.1乃至2mg/l 安定化剤
0乃至3g/l 追加の成分
当該ベース電解液のpH範囲は、4.0乃至5.0である。既に上述したように、金属受容体として、好ましくは金属塩が使用され、その陰イオンは揮発性である。金属塩(その陰イオンは揮発性である)として、好ましくは、金属酢酸塩、金属ギ酸塩、金属硝酸塩、金属シュウ酸塩、金属プロピオン酸塩、金属クエン酸塩および金属アスコルビン酸塩からなる群からの一または複数の塩、最も好ましくは金属酢酸塩のみが使用される。反応の間、pHはH*−イオンの連続生成により減少し、水酸化物、炭酸塩などのアルカリ性媒質、または通常選択されるアンモニアによって複雑な方法でpHを目標範囲に維持しなければならないため、特別の利点は、陰イオンが揮発性であり、好ましくは酢酸塩、ギ酸塩、硝酸塩、シュウ酸塩、プロピオン酸塩、クエン酸塩およびアスコルビン酸塩の群に由来する金属塩の単独の使用に存在する。その理由は、金属−リン層の析出において、酢酸塩、ギ酸塩、硝酸塩、シュウ酸塩、プロピオン酸塩、クエン酸塩およびアスコルビン酸塩の陰イオンがナトリウム次亜リン酸塩からのナトリウム・カチオンと反応して、アルカリナトリウム塩を形成するからである。従って、析出処理の全体にわたって、電解液は、より多量のアルカリ性媒体を加える必要なしに、4.0乃至5.2、好ましくは4.3乃至4.8のpH範囲で作用する。この非常に有利なpH自己制御によって、処理の間、アルカリ性添加物はもちろん、連続pH制御も不要とすることができる。
500乃至580g/l 還元剤
5乃至15g/l 錯体形成剤
50乃至150g/l アルカリ性緩衝剤
11乃至20g/l 触媒
0乃至3g/l 追加の成分
10乃至50g/l 錯体形成剤
0.68乃至2.283mol/l 金属受容体
1乃至25g/l 触媒
40乃至80mg/l 安定化剤
図2においては、電解液の処理時間および電解液の除去された量に応じた、異なる電解液組成物の密度特徴が示される。グラフ1は、先行技術から知られているニッケル層の析出に関する電解液の密度特徴を示す。グラフ2は、3.3%の電解液除去の設定量におけるニッケル層の析出に関する先行技術の電解液の密度特徴を示す。グラフ3は、欧州特許出願EP1413646から知られている種類の電解液の密度特徴を示し、その電解液において、金属塩(その陰イオンは揮発性である)は、電解液組成物の金属ベースの塩として使用される。グラフ4は、3.3%の電解液除去の設定量でグラフ3に関連して記載された電解液を示す。グラフ5は、10%の電解液除去の設定量でグラフ3に関連して記載された電解液を示す。
2 電解槽
3 制御モジュール
4 センサ
5 任意の熱回収
6 充填水準センサ
7 除去された電解液のための収容容器
Claims (14)
- コーティング溶液において金属または酸化物の層で基板表面をコーティングするプロセスであって、ここで、コーティング溶液が少なくとも1つの成分を含む電解質からなり、その濃度がコーティング処理の経過で変化し、その結果、コーティング溶液の品質を維持するために前記電解質を補充または除去されなければならないものであって、前記プロセスは以下からなる:
前記溶液の使用中に前記溶液の密度を測定し、溶液の密度測定値は、水溶液において平衡状態にある電解質組成物の密度に相当する基準密度値と比較され、前記基準密度値は、前記プロセスの開始時においてコーティング溶液の密度より大であり、
少なくとも一成分の補充および/または除去が前記基準密度値からの前記溶液の密度測定値の偏差に応じて、前記コーティング溶液の密度が、少なくとも14金属ターンオーバーに対して1.2g/cm 3 未満に維持されるように行われ、そして
コーティング溶液の性質を測定するために連続的に除去された電解質に追加して、前記コーティングするプロセスから電解質を連続的に除去し、
ここで、均一な金属層が、少なくとも14金属ターンオーバーにおいて基板表面に堆積し、さらに前記溶液が、ニッケルイオン、揮発性で、かつ少なくとも1個の炭素原子を有するか、または硝酸塩のアニオンを含む、金属ベースの塩からなる。 - 前記少なくとも一成分の補充が前記コーティング溶液の密度に応じて行われることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記溶液が以下からなる請求項1または2に記載の方法。
(a)初期の金属イオン濃度が0.01から0.3モル/lである、アニオンが揮発性である金属ベース塩
(b)還元剤
(c)錯体形成剤
(d)触媒、並びに
(e)安定化剤 - 前記アニオンが、酢酸塩、ギ酸塩、硝酸塩、シュウ酸塩、プロピオン酸塩、クエン酸塩、アスコルビン酸塩およびそれらの組合わせからなる群から選ばれることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 金属ベースの塩のアニオンが酢酸塩である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記溶液が以下の成分を含むことを特徴とする、請求項4または5に記載の方法:
(a)初期金属イオン濃度が0.01〜0.3モル/lである、金属ベース塩;
(b)還元剤
(c)錯体形成剤
(d)触媒、並びに
(e)安定化剤。 - ニッケルイオン濃度が0.04〜0.16モル/lである、請求項1〜6の何れかに記載の方法。
- 前記基準密度値が1.05〜1.3 g/cm3の密度範囲からなることを特徴とする、請求項6又は請求項7の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記溶液のpHが4.0〜5.2である請求項1〜8の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記方法がさらに、コーティング工程中の電気透析法および/またはイオン交換によって再生する工程からなる請求項1〜9の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記溶液が以下からなる請求項1〜10の何れか1項に記載の方法。
(a)4〜6g/l濃度のニッケルイオン
(b)25〜60g/l濃度の還元剤
(c)25〜70g/l濃度の錯体形成剤
(d)1〜25g/l濃度の触媒、並びに
(e)0.1〜2mg/l濃度の安定化剤 - 前記溶液が以下からなる第1の補充用液で補充されることを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の方法。
(a)500〜580g/l濃度の還元剤
(b)5〜15g/l濃度の錯体形成剤
(c)50〜150g/l濃度のアルカリ性緩衝剤
(d)11〜20g/l濃度の触媒 - 前記溶液がさらに以下からなる第2の補充溶液によって補充されることを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の方法。
(a)10〜50g/l濃度の錯体形成剤
(b)0.68〜2.283モル/l濃度の金属受容体
(c)1〜25g/l濃度の触媒、並びに
(d)40〜80mg/l濃度の安定化剤 - 前記溶液が以下からなる請求項1〜13の何れか1項に記載の方法。
(a)12.5〜25.5g/l濃度の酢酸ニッケル−4−水和物
(b)30〜50g/l濃度のナトリウム次亜リン酸塩
(c)32〜55g/l濃度のヒドキシカルボン酸
(d)0.5〜5g/l濃度のヒドキシポリカルボン酸
(e)2.5〜22g/l濃度のサッカリン・ナトリウム
(f)0.1〜2g/l濃度のヨウ化カリウム
(g)0.3〜1mg/l濃度の酢酸鉛、並びに
(h)100〜150ml/l濃度の25重量%アンモニウム水溶液
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PCT/EP2007/000658 WO2007088008A2 (de) | 2006-02-02 | 2007-01-26 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur beschichtung von substratoberflächen |
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EP2449148B1 (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2019-01-02 | MacDermid Enthone Inc. | Beta-amino acid comprising electrolyte and method for the deposition of a metal layer |
US20130087463A1 (en) * | 2011-10-05 | 2013-04-11 | Globalfoundries Inc. | Method and System for Metal Deposition in Semiconductor Processing |
KR101502795B1 (ko) * | 2012-03-15 | 2015-03-13 | 김종호 | 포물선의 전체 또는 일부의 굴절경로를 갖는 진주광택 안료 입자 및 이의 제조방법 |
US9708693B2 (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2017-07-18 | Macdermid Acumen, Inc. | High phosphorus electroless nickel |
DE102018008312A1 (de) | 2018-10-22 | 2020-04-23 | RIAG Oberflächentechnik AG | Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Substratoberflächen, Vorrichtung mit Beschichtungsbad, Dichtemesseinrichtung, Entnahmeeinrichtung, Zugabeeinrichtungen und Steuerung |
CN113755937B (zh) * | 2021-09-09 | 2022-12-09 | 中国航发南方工业有限公司 | 电镀铂槽液的维护方法 |
CN114351231B (zh) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-11-25 | 深圳技术大学 | 电解液中金属离子浓度的测量和监控的设备和方法 |
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