JP5448871B2 - リチウム2次電池用難燃性電解液及びこれを含むリチウム2次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム2次電池用難燃性電解液及びこれを含むリチウム2次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5448871B2 JP5448871B2 JP2010010316A JP2010010316A JP5448871B2 JP 5448871 B2 JP5448871 B2 JP 5448871B2 JP 2010010316 A JP2010010316 A JP 2010010316A JP 2010010316 A JP2010010316 A JP 2010010316A JP 5448871 B2 JP5448871 B2 JP 5448871B2
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- lithium secondary
- secondary battery
- substituted
- carbonate
- flame retardant
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 105
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 100
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims description 63
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 62
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 50
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- -1 heterocyclic cation Chemical class 0.000 claims description 40
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrazolium Chemical compound C1=CN[NH+]=C1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- WVQUCYVTZWVNLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid;oxalic acid Chemical compound OB(O)O.OC(=O)C(O)=O WVQUCYVTZWVNLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical group FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1OC(=O)OC1F DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=C[NH+]=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 29
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 12
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 11
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- NYYLZXREFNYPKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[ethoxy(methyl)phosphoryl]oxyethane Chemical compound CCOP(C)(=O)OCC NYYLZXREFNYPKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910010935 LiFOB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052795 boron group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052800 carbon group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
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- 239000005466 carboxylated polyvinylchloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- VONWDASPFIQPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl methylphosphonate Chemical compound COP(C)(=O)OC VONWDASPFIQPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RXPQRKFMDQNODS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCOP(=O)(OCCC)OCCC RXPQRKFMDQNODS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DZKXDEWNLDOXQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5,2,4,6-triazatriphosphinine Chemical class N1=PN=PN=P1 DZKXDEWNLDOXQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIWGJFPJRAEKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2H-benzotriazol-5-yl)-3-methyl-8-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carbonyl]-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione Chemical compound CN1C(=O)N(c2ccc3n[nH]nc3c2)C2(CCN(CC2)C(=O)c2cnc(NCc3cccc(OC(F)(F)F)c3)nc2)C1=O YIWGJFPJRAEKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNQBXJDCTHCEFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexamethoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound COP1(OC)=NP(OC)(OC)=NP(OC)(OC)=N1 CNQBXJDCTHCEFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013188 LiBOB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013385 LiN(SO2C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008326 Si-Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006773 Si—Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020997 Sn-Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008859 Sn—Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphinimyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical class CN(C)P(=N)(N(C)C)N(C)C GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KOWVWXQNQNCRRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,4-dimethylphenyl) phosphate Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC(C)=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=C(C)C=C1C KOWVWXQNQNCRRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
mは0または1である。)
前記リチウム2次電池用電解液は、陰イオンをさらに含むことができ、前記アンモニウム陽イオンと前記陰イオンを含むイオン性液体は、前記リチウム2次電池用難燃性電解液総量に対して20ないし70質量%で含まれることができ、前記陰イオンは、N(SO2CH3)2 −、N(SO2CF2CF3)2 −、PF6 −、BF4 −、下記の化学式4または下記の化学式5で示される陰イオンであることが好ましい。
mは0または1である。)
R4は、水素、または置換あるいは非置換されたアルキル基であり、nは1ないし3の整数であり、nが2以上である場合、各々のR4は互いに同一であるかまたは異なる。)
この時、前記化学式1ないし3で、“置換”とは、C1ないしC30のアルコキシ基またはカルボキシル基に置換されたものを意味する。)
LiaE1−bBbO2−cDc(上記の式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05である。);
LiE2−bBbO4−cDc(上記の式で、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05である。);
LiaNi1−b−cCobBcDα(上記の式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α≦2である。);
LiaNi1−b−cCobBcO2−αFα(上記の式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α<2である。);
LiaNi1−b−cCobBcO2−αF2(上記の式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α<である。);
LiaNi1−b−cMnbBcDα(上記の式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α≦2である。);
LiaNi1−b−cMnbBcO2−αFα(上記の式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α<2である。);
LiaNi1−b−cMnbBcO2−αF2(上記の式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α<2である。);
LiaNibEcGdO2(上記の式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.9、0≦c≦0.5、0.001≦d≦0.1である。);
LiaNibCocMndGeO2(上記の式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.9、0≦c≦0.5、0≦d≦0.5、0.001≦e≦0.1である。);
LiaNiGbO2(上記の式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0.001≦b≦0.1である。);
LiaCoGbO2(上記の式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0.001≦b≦0.1である。);
LiaMnGbO2(上記の式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0.001≦b≦0.1である。);
LiaMn2GbO4(上記の式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0.001≦b≦0.1である。);
QO2;
QS2;
LiQS2;
V2O5;
LiV2O5;
LiIO2;
LiNiVO4;
Li(3−f)J2(PO4)3(0≦f≦2);
Li(3−f)Fe2(PO4)3(0≦f≦2);及び
LiFePO4。
Aは、Ni、Co、Mn、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;
Bは、Al、Ni、Co、Mn、Cr、Fe、Mg、Sr、V、希土類元素、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;
Dは、O、F、S、P、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;
Eは、Co、Mn、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;
Fは、F、S、P、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;
Gは、Al、Cr、Mn、Fe、Mg、La、Ce、Sr、V、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;
Qは、Ti、Mo、Mn、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;
Iは、Cr、V、Fe、Sc、Y、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;
Jは、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される。
(実施例1)
1M濃度のLiPF69質量%、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)50質量%、下記の化学式7で示されるアンモニウム陽イオンを含むイオン性液体20質量%、トリメチルホスファート(TMP)10質量%、LiFOB1質量%、及びフルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)10質量%からなる難燃性電解液を製造した。
1M濃度のLiPF610質量%、エチレンカーボネート(EC)とジメチルカーボネート(DMC)を3:7の質量比で混合した混合物60質量%、及び前記化学式7で示されるアンモニウム陽イオンを含むイオン性液体30質量%からなる電解液を製造したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同一な方法で実施した。
1M濃度のLiPF610質量%、エチレンカーボネート(EC)とジメチルカーボネート(DMC)を3:7の質量比で混合した混合物60質量%、及びトリメチルホスファート(TMP)30質量%からなる電解液を製造したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同一な方法で実施した。
1M濃度のLiPF610質量%、及びエチレンカーボネート(EC)とジメチルカーボネート(DMC)を3:7の質量比で混合した混合物90質量%からなる電解液を製造したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同一な方法で実施した。
実施例1で、カーボネート系溶媒としてジメチルカーボネート(DMC)を単独で使用した代わりに、エチレンカーボネート(EC)とジメチルカーボネート(DMC)を3:7の質量比で混合した混合物を使用して電解液を製造したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同一な方法で実施した。
前記実施例1及び比較例1ないし4で製造された難燃性電解液の粘度を下記の方法によって測定して、その結果を下記表1に示した。
前記実施例1及び比較例1ないし4で製造された難燃性電解液の難燃度を下記の方法によって測定して、その結果を下記表1に示した。
前記実施例1及び比較例1ないし4で製造された難燃性電解液を使用して各々のリチウム2次電池を製作したが、その製作方法は次の通りである。
前記実施例1及び比較例1ないし4で製作されたリチウム2次電池の電気化学的充放電特性を下記の方法で測定して、その結果を下記表2に示した。
図2は、実施例1及び比較例1ないし3による満充電負極のDSC(Differential Scanning Calorimetry)グラフである。前記図2を参照すれば、熱分解開始温度が、実施例1の場合は121℃であり、比較例1の場合は64℃であり、比較例2の場合は80℃であり、比較例3の場合は75℃である。また、発熱量は、各グラフに該当する面積から求めることができ、実施例1の場合190J/gであり、比較例1の場合280J/gであり、比較例2の場合210J/gであり、比較例3の場合350J/gである。これにより、実施例1によるリチウム2次電池は熱分解開始温度が高く、発熱量が低いので、熱的安定性に優れていることが確認できる。なお、本実験例におけるDSC測定については、10℃/minの昇温速度で測定した。
112 負極
113 セパレータ
114 正極
120 電池容器
140 封入部材
Claims (22)
- リチウム塩と、
線状カーボネート系溶媒と、
置換または非置換のアルコキシ基を持つアンモニウム陽イオンと、
燐酸系溶媒と、
オキサラトボレート系添加剤と、
を含み、
環状カーボネート系溶媒を含まず、
リチウム2次電池用難燃性電解液総量に対して
前記アンモニウム陽イオンを含むイオン性液体を20〜70質量%、
前記燐酸系溶媒を5〜30質量%、
オキサラトボレート系添加剤を0.1〜5質量%で含む、
リチウム2次電池用難燃性電解液。 - 前記線状カーボネート系溶媒は、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、及びエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)から選択されるいずれか1つまたは複数からなる溶媒である、請求項1に記載のリチウム2次電池用難燃性電解液。
- 前記アンモニウム陽イオンは、ピリジニウム(pyridinium)、ピリダジニウム(pyridaZinium)、ピリミジニウム(pyrimidinium)、ピラジニウム(pyraZinium)、イミダゾリウム(imidaZolium)、ピラゾリウム(pyraZolium)、チアゾリウム(thiaZolium)、オキサゾリウム(oxaZolium)、及びトリアゾリウム(triaZolium)から選択されるいずれか1つまたは複数からなるN−含有ヘテロ環陽イオンである、請求項1または2に記載のリチウム2次電池用難燃性電解液。
- 前記アンモニウム陽イオンは、下記の化学式1ないし3で示される陽イオンの中から選択されるいずれか1つの陽イオンである、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム2次電池用難燃性電解液。
R3は、水素、または置換あるいは非置換されたアルキル基であり、nは1ないし5の整数であり、nが2以上である場合、各々のR3は互いに同一であるかまたは異なり、
mは0または1である。)
R4は、水素、または置換あるいは非置換されたアルキル基であり、nは1ないし3の整数であり、nが2以上である場合、各々のR4は互いに同一であるかまたは異なる。)
- 前記リチウム2次電池用電解液は陰イオンをさらに含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム2次電池用難燃性電解液。
- 前記陰イオンは、N(SO2CH3)2 −、N(SO2CF2CF3)2 −、PF6 −、BF4 −、下記の化学式4または下記の化学式5で示される陰イオンである、請求項5に記載のリチウム2次電池用難燃性電解液。
- 前記オキサラトボレート系添加剤は下記の化学式6で示される、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム2次電池用難燃性電解液。
- 前記オキサラトボレート系添加剤はリチウムジフルオロオキサラトボレートである、請求項7に記載のリチウム2次電池用難燃性電解液。
- 前記オキサラトボレート系添加剤はリチウムビスオキサラトボレートである、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム2次電池用難燃性電解液。
- 前記燐酸系溶媒は、ホスファート(phosphate)化合物、ホスホネート(phosphonate)化合物、ホスファゼン(phosphazene)化合物またはこれらの組み合わせのものである、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム2次電池用難燃性電解液。
- 前記リチウム2次電池用電解液は、フッ素に置換されたカーボネート系溶媒をさらに含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム2次電池用難燃性電解液。
- 前記フッ素に置換されたカーボネート系溶媒は、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)、ジフルオロエチレンカーボネート(DFEC)、フルオロジメチルカーボネート(FDMC)、フルオロエチルメチルカーボネート(FEMC)またはこれらの組み合わせのものである、請求項11に記載のリチウム2次電池用難燃性電解液。
- 前記フッ素に置換されたカーボネート系溶媒は、前記リチウム2次電池用難燃性電解液100質量部に対して5〜80質量部で含まれる、請求項11または12に記載のリチウム2次電池用難燃性電解液。
- 正極と、
負極と、
セパレータと、
リチウム塩、線状カーボネート系溶媒、置換または非置換のアルコキシ基を持つアンモニウム陽イオン、及び燐酸系溶媒を含み、環状カーボネート系溶媒を含まない電解液と、
を含み、
リチウム2次電池用難燃性電解液総量に対して、前記アンモニウム陽イオンを含むイオン性液体は20〜70質量%、前記燐酸系溶媒は5〜30質量%であり、
前記電解液中にリチウム2次電池用難燃性電解液総量に対して0.1〜5質量%で含まれるオキサラトボレート系添加剤、または前記負極上の被膜に含まれるオキサラトボレート系ポリマーを有するリチウム2次電池。 - 前記オキサラトボレート系ポリマーは下記の化学式6Aで示される、請求項14に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記電解液は陰イオンをさらに含む、請求項14に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記電解液は、フッ素に置換されたカーボネート系溶媒をさらに含む、請求項14〜16のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記リチウム2次電池は、前記負極の上にLiF、前記オキサラトボレート系ポリマーから選択されるいずれか1つまたは複数を含む被膜をさらに含む、請求項17に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記リチウム2次電池は、前記負極の上にLiF、前記オキサラトボレート系ポリマーから選択されるいずれか1つまたは複数を含む被膜をさらに含む、請求項14に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記電解液は、フッ素に置換されたカーボネート系溶媒をさらに含む、請求項19に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記オキサラトボレート系ポリマーは下記の化学式6Aで示される、請求項19または20に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 正極、負極、及びセパレータを含む電極群を用意する段階と、
前記電極群を、リチウム塩、線状カーボネート系溶媒、置換または非置換のアルコキシ基を持つアンモニウム陽イオン、燐酸系溶媒、及びオキサラトボレート系添加剤を含み、環状カーボネート系溶媒を含まない電解液であって、リチウム2次電池用難燃性電解液総量に対して前記アンモニウム陽イオンを含むイオン性液体を20〜70質量%、前記燐酸系溶媒を5〜30質量%、オキサラトボレート系添加剤を0.1〜5質量%で含む電解液に含浸させる段階と、
前記電解液での前記オキサラトボレート系添加剤を分解し、前記負極の上に被膜を形成するために、電池を充電する段階と、
を含むリチウム2次電池の製造方法。
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KR101233829B1 (ko) | 2013-02-14 |
JP2010192430A (ja) | 2010-09-02 |
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