WO2020184690A1 - ホウ酸リチウム化合物、リチウム二次電池用添加剤、リチウム二次電池用非水電解液、リチウム二次電池前駆体、及びリチウム二次電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
ホウ酸リチウム化合物、リチウム二次電池用添加剤、リチウム二次電池用非水電解液、リチウム二次電池前駆体、及びリチウム二次電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020184690A1 WO2020184690A1 PCT/JP2020/010966 JP2020010966W WO2020184690A1 WO 2020184690 A1 WO2020184690 A1 WO 2020184690A1 JP 2020010966 W JP2020010966 W JP 2020010966W WO 2020184690 A1 WO2020184690 A1 WO 2020184690A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group
- lithium
- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
- borate compound
- Prior art date
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- -1 Lithium borate compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 186
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 133
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 122
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 title claims description 63
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 title claims description 49
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001255 4-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1F 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 54
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 50
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 48
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N Heavy water Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007806 chemical reaction intermediate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229940052303 ethers for general anesthesia Drugs 0.000 description 5
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000004820 halides Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl borate Chemical compound COB(OC)OC WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FLDSMVTWEZKONL-AWEZNQCLSA-N 5,5-dimethyl-N-[(3S)-5-methyl-4-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-1,4,7,8-tetrahydrooxepino[4,5-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CC1(CC2=C(NN=C2C(=O)N[C@@H]2C(N(C3=C(OC2)C=CC=C3)C)=O)CCO1)C FLDSMVTWEZKONL-AWEZNQCLSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl borate Chemical compound CCCCOB(OCCCC)OCCCC LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl borate Chemical compound CCOB(OCC)OCC AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCCO1 ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HXXOPVULXOEHTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound CC1=COC(=O)O1 HXXOPVULXOEHTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- NHDIQVFFNDKAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropan-2-yl borate Chemical compound CC(C)OB(OC(C)C)OC(C)C NHDIQVFFNDKAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001494 2-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQXNUCOGMMHHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1COS(=O)(=O)O1 OQXNUCOGMMHHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KLSZDDTXTQEUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylidene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=C1COC(=O)O1 KLSZDDTXTQEUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003950 cyclic amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- GPTJTTCOVDDHER-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclononane Chemical compound C1CCCCCCCC1 GPTJTTCOVDDHER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJTCGQSWYFHTAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclooctane Chemical compound C1CCCCCCC1 WJTCGQSWYFHTAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004914 cyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- JQKJEPJLCSCBGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutoxy(ethenyl)borane Chemical compound CCCCOB(C=C)OCCCC JQKJEPJLCSCBGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004132 diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfate Chemical compound CCOS(=O)(=O)OCC DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940008406 diethyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXWUDUINABFBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;fluoro-dioxido-oxo-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])(F)=O SXWUDUINABFBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHTUGAFHHNZMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl vinylboronate Chemical compound COB(OC)C=C MHTUGAFHHNZMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZLSATQXIDARHMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(diethoxy)borane Chemical compound CCOB(C=C)OCC ZLSATQXIDARHMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDKBTVIDYJUKFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(dipropoxy)borane Chemical compound CCCOB(C=C)OCCC DDKBTVIDYJUKFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFXCNIVBAVFOBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylboronic acid Chemical class OB(O)C=C YFXCNIVBAVFOBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CCCC(=O)O1 VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTOMUSMDRMJOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaronitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCC#N ZTOMUSMDRMJOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007756 gravure coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YJKLIKFMIOSDMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hex-1-ene;sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCC=C YJKLIKFMIOSDMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001412 inorganic anion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004491 isohexyl group Chemical group C(CCC(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000555 isopropenyl group Chemical group [H]\C([H])=C(\*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 101150004907 litaf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AHKHZLVXUVZTGF-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium dihydrogen phosphate oxalic acid Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] AHKHZLVXUVZTGF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]P(F)(F)=O IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011302 mesophase pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- YSEQYIDUBUJABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4,4-dimethylpentanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCC(C)(C)C YSEQYIDUBUJABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SELYJABLPLKXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl n,n-dimethylcarbamate Chemical compound COC(=O)N(C)C SELYJABLPLKXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MCSAJNNLRCFZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroethane Chemical compound CC[N+]([O-])=O MCSAJNNLRCFZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXQMONVCMHFPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[CH2-] SXQMONVCMHFPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N normal nonane Natural products CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- OXUCOTSGWGNWGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCC[CH2-] OXUCOTSGWGNWGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxathiane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCCO1 MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003538 pentan-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002255 pentenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007764 slot die coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBDNRNMVTZADMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolene Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CC=CC1 MBDNRNMVTZADMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCZXMDQFIVMWMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethoxyboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)OC(F)(F)F CCZXMDQFIVMWMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDQYHGMMZKMQAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexyl borate Chemical compound CCCCCCOB(OCCCCCC)OCCCCCC KDQYHGMMZKMQAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDZWKTKXYOWZML-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;difluoro oxalate;borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-].FOC(=O)C(=O)OF NDZWKTKXYOWZML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFHICDDUDORKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCCO1 YFHICDDUDORKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHJSLDBKUGXPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylpropyl) borate Chemical compound CC(C)COB(OCC(C)C)OCC(C)C LHJSLDBKUGXPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZYKZHPNRDIPFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl) borate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OB(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C YZYKZHPNRDIPFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJMMCGKXBZVAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C QJMMCGKXBZVAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMCWFMOZBTXGKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butyl borate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OB(OC(C)(C)C)OC(C)(C)C ZMCWFMOZBTXGKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/025—Boronic and borinic acid compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
- H01M50/109—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure of button or coin shape
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a novel lithium borate compound, an additive for a lithium secondary battery, a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery, a lithium secondary battery precursor, and a method for producing a lithium secondary battery.
- Lithium borate compounds are used, for example, in the field of electrochemistry.
- an electrolytic solution for a lithium ion battery containing lithium bis (oxalate) oxalate as an electrolyte is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- an electrolytic solution for a lithium ion battery containing lithium difluoro (oxalate) borate as an electrolyte is also known (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 3730855
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent No. 3722685
- An object of one aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a novel lithium borate compound and an additive for a lithium secondary battery containing the lithium borate compound.
- another subject of the present disclosure is a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery capable of reducing battery resistance suppression after storage and after a charge / discharge cycle, and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery. It is an object of the present invention to provide a lithium secondary battery precursor including, and a method for producing a lithium secondary battery using the lithium secondary battery precursor.
- the means for solving the above problems include the following aspects.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- R 10 represents a fluorine atom, a hydrocarbon oxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a fluorinated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- ⁇ 2> The lithium borate according to ⁇ 1>, wherein R 10 is a fluorine atom, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the R 10 is a trifluoromethyl group ⁇ 1> or lithium borate compound according to ⁇ 2>.
- the R 1 , the R 2 and the R 3 are independently methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group and tert-butyl.
- ⁇ 5> One of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, which is a lithium borate compound represented by the following formula (II), the following formula (III), the following formula (IV), or the following formula (V). The lithium borate compound described.
- ⁇ 6> An additive for a lithium secondary battery containing the lithium borate compound according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5>.
- ⁇ 7> Non-aqueous electrolysis for lithium secondary batteries containing an electrolyte which is a lithium salt containing fluorine, a non-aqueous solvent, and the lithium borate compound according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5>. liquid.
- ⁇ 8> The lithium secondary battery according to ⁇ 7>, wherein the content of the lithium borate compound is 0.1% by mass to 5.0% by mass with respect to the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolytic solution for the lithium secondary battery. For non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the positive electrode is a positive electrode capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions.
- the negative electrode is a negative electrode capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions.
- the step of preparing the lithium secondary battery precursor according to ⁇ 12> and the step of obtaining a lithium secondary battery by subjecting the lithium secondary battery precursor to an aging treatment are included.
- the aging treatment is a method for producing a lithium secondary battery, which comprises charging and discharging the lithium secondary battery precursor in an environment of 20 ° C. to 60 ° C.
- a novel lithium borate compound and an additive for a lithium secondary battery containing the lithium borate compound are provided. Further, according to another aspect of the present disclosure, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery capable of reducing the battery resistance after storage and after a charge / discharge cycle, and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery are included.
- a lithium secondary battery precursor and a method for manufacturing a lithium secondary battery using the lithium secondary battery precursor are provided.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic perspective view which shows an example of the laminated type battery which is an example of the lithium secondary battery of this disclosure. It is the schematic sectional drawing in the thickness direction of the laminated type electrode body housed in the laminated type battery shown in FIG. It is schematic cross-sectional view which shows an example of the coin-type battery which is another example of the lithium secondary battery of this disclosure.
- the numerical range represented by using “-” means a range including the numerical values before and after "-" as the lower limit value and the upper limit value.
- the amount of each component in the composition is the total amount of the plurality of substances present in the composition unless otherwise specified, when a plurality of substances corresponding to each component are present in the composition. Means.
- the term "process” is included in this term not only as an independent process but also as long as the intended purpose of the process is achieved even if it cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes. Is done.
- lithium borate compound The lithium borate compound of the present disclosure is a novel lithium borate compound represented by the following formula (I).
- the lithium borate compound represented by the formula (I) is also simply referred to as "lithium borate compound”.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms means that the skeleton consisting of only a hydrocarbon group containing no substituent has 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and are R 1 , R 2 and R 3-2 . More than one species is preferably a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have the same substituent, and even if all three species of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 have the same substituent. It is more preferable that the hydrocarbon group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent represented by R 1 to R 3 include an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent and a substituent. Examples thereof include an aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have.
- aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, a phenyl group; a group in which one hydrogen atom is removed from alkylbenzene (for example, a benzyl group, a tolyl group, a xsilyl group, a methicyl group, etc.); naphthyl Group; A group in which one hydrogen atom is removed from the alkyl group substituent of naphthalene; and the like.
- aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent
- a phenyl group, a 4-methylphenyl group or a 4-fluorophenyl group is preferable, and a phenyl group or a 4-fluorophenyl group Is more preferable.
- the substituent which the aryl group can have (hereinafter, also referred to as “substituent which can be contained in the formula (I)”) is a halogen atom.
- substituent which can be contained in the formula (I) is a halogen atom.
- a halogen atom is preferable as the substituent that can be contained in the formula (I).
- halogen atom as a substituent that can be contained in the formula (I), a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom is preferable, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a bromine atom is more preferable, and a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable. Atoms are more preferred, and fluorine atoms are particularly preferred.
- Preferred embodiments of the halogen atom contained in the structure of the alkyl halide group, the alkoxy halide group, the alkenyl halide group, and the alkynyl halogenated group as the substituents that can be contained in the formula (I) are of the formula, respectively. This is similar to the preferred embodiment of the halogen atom as a substituent that can be contained in (I).
- the unsubstituted alkyl group as the substituent that can be contained in the formula (I) an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is more preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- Alkyl groups are more preferred.
- an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is more preferable, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- Alkoxy groups are more preferred.
- an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms is more preferable, and an alkenyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- Alkenyl groups are more preferred.
- an alkynyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable, an alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms is more preferable, and an alkynyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- An alkynyl group is more preferred.
- each carbon number in the alkyl halide group, the alkoxy halide group, the alkenyl halide group, and the alkynyl halide group as the substituents that can be contained in the formula (I) is described in the formula (I). It is the same as the preferable range of the carbon number in the unsubstituted alkyl group, the unsubstituted alkoxy group, the unsubstituted alkenyl group, and the unsubstituted alkynyl group as the above-mentioned substituent which can be contained.
- the aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent may be a saturated aliphatic group (that is, an alkyl group) or an unsaturated aliphatic group (that is, an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group). You may.
- the aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- the aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent is preferably an aliphatic group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, and more preferably an aliphatic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Vinyl group 1-propenyl group, allyl group (2-propenyl group), isopropenyl group, 1-butenyl group, 2-butenyl group, 3-butenyl group, pentenyl group, hexenyl group, 2-methyl-2-propenyl group , 1-Methyl-2-propenyl group, 2-methyl-1-propenyl group, hexenyl group, ethynyl group, 1-propynyl group, 2-propynyl group (synonymous with propargyl group), 1-butynyl group, 2-butynyl group , 3-butynyl group, 1-pentynyl group, 2-pentynyl group, 3-pentynyl group, 4-pentynyl group, 5-hexynyl group, 1-methyl-2-propynyl group, 2-methyl-3-butynyl group, 2 Linear or branched such as -methyl-3-pentyl group
- Unsaturated aliphatic groups ie, alkenyl or alkynyl groups
- Cyclic aliphatic groups such as cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, 1-cyclopentenyl group, 1-cyclohexenyl group; And so on.
- the aliphatic groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms represented by R 1 to R 3 include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group and sec-butyl.
- Group, tert-butyl group, n-hexyl group, n-octyl group, vinyl group, allyl group, or ethynyl group is preferable, and methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group.
- Se-butyl group, tert-butyl group, vinyl group, allyl group, or ethynyl group is more preferable.
- the substituent which the aliphatic group can have is the substitution which the above-mentioned aryl group can have. Similar to the preferred embodiment of the group.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in the formula (I) are independently methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group and tert-butyl. It is preferably a group, a vinyl group, an allyl group, an ethynyl group, a phenyl group, or a 4-fluorophenyl group.
- R 10 represents a fluorine atom, a hydrocarbon oxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a fluorinated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbon oxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 10 may be a linear hydrocarbon oxy group, or may be a hydrocarbon oxy group having a branched and / or ring structure.
- the number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon oxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 10 is preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 3, further preferably 1 or 2, and particularly preferably 1.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 10 may be a linear hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbon group having a branched and / or ring structure.
- As the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 10 an alkyl group or an aryl group is preferable, and an alkyl group is more preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 10 is preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 3, further preferably 1 or 2, and particularly preferably 1.
- the fluorinated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 10 may be a linear fluorinated hydrocarbon group, or may be a fluorinated hydrocarbon group having a branched and / or ring structure. May be good.
- As the fluorinated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 10 an alkyl fluorinated group or an aryl fluorinated group is preferable, an alkyl fluorinated group is more preferable, a perfluoroalkyl group is further preferable, and trifluoro A methyl group (-CF 3 ) is particularly preferred.
- R 10 is preferably a fluorine atom, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and a trifluoromethyl group (trifluoromethyl group).
- -CF 3 is more preferable.
- lithium borate compound represented by the formula (I) are the following formula (II), the following formula (III), the following formula (IV) and the following formula (V). Can be mentioned. However, the lithium borate compound represented by the formula (I) is not limited to this specific example.
- the production method X comprises the first reaction step of reacting (trifluoromethyl) trimethylsilane, potassium halide and a borate ester compound in a solvent to obtain a potassium borate compound as a reaction intermediate, and the potassium borate compound. And a second reaction step of reacting lithium halide in a solvent to obtain the lithium borate compound of the present disclosure.
- potassium halide in the first reaction step examples include potassium fluoride, potassium chloride, potassium bromide, and potassium iodide, and among them, potassium fluoride or potassium chloride is more preferable.
- Potassium halide may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- borate ester compound in the first reaction step examples include trimethyl borate, triethyl borate, tri-n-propyl borate, triisopropyl borate, tri-n-butyl borate, triisobutyl borate, and tri-borate.
- -Sec-butyl, tri-tert-butyl borate, trihexyl borate, tricyclohexyl borate, trioctyl borate, triphenyl borate, etc. include trimethyl borate, triethyl borate, tri-n-propyl borate.
- the boric acid ester compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- lithium halide in the second reaction step examples include lithium fluoride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, and lithium iodide, and among them, lithium fluoride or lithium chloride is more preferable.
- Lithium halide may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the solvent in the first reaction step and the second reaction step include acetone, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol and n-butanol.
- the solvent may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the first reaction step and the second reaction step may be carried out under normal pressure or reduced pressure.
- the first reaction step and the second reaction step may be carried out in either an air atmosphere or an inert atmosphere.
- the first reaction step and the second reaction step are carried out under an inert atmosphere (for example, nitrogen, for example, from the viewpoint of preventing the mixing of components (for example, water) that inhibit the production of the potassium borate compound and the lithium borate compound. It is preferable to carry out the operation in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as argon).
- the reaction temperature in the first reaction step is preferably 0 ° C. to 120 ° C., more preferably 10 ° C. to 100 ° C., and even more preferably 20 ° C. to 80 ° C.
- the reaction time in the first reaction step is preferably 30 minutes to 48 hours, more preferably 1 hour to 30 hours, from the viewpoint of efficiently producing the potassium borate compound.
- the reaction temperature in the second reaction step is preferably 10 ° C. to 150 ° C., more preferably 20 ° C. to 120 ° C., and even more preferably 40 ° C. to 100 ° C.
- the reaction temperature in the second reaction step is 10 ° C. or higher, the formation of the lithium borate compound is likely to be promoted.
- the reaction temperature in the second reaction step is 150 ° C. or lower, the decomposition of the produced lithium borate compound is suppressed, and the production rate tends to be improved.
- the reaction time in the second reaction step is preferably 30 minutes to 12 hours, more preferably 30 minutes to 8 hours, from the viewpoint of efficiently producing the lithium borate compound.
- the second reaction step may be an embodiment in which the reaction solution obtained after the first reaction step and lithium halide are mixed as they are, and trimethylsilane halide from the reaction solution obtained after the first reaction step.
- the solid may be mixed with lithium halide after distilling off the product and solvent.
- the method for taking out the lithium borate compound after the second reaction step is not particularly limited.
- the solid when only the target component (that is, the lithium borate compound itself) is obtained as a solid, the solid can be taken out as a lithium borate compound without any special treatment.
- the solvent When a slurry in which the lithium borate compound is dispersed in a solvent is obtained by the second reaction step, the solvent is solid-liquid separated from the slurry by filtration or the like, and the obtained filtrate is dried. Allows the lithium borate compound to be taken out.
- the lithium borate compound can be taken out by distilling off the solvent from the solution by heat concentration or the like. it can.
- the lithium borate compound is precipitated by adding a solvent in which the lithium borate compound is not dissolved to the solution. Then, the lithium borate compound precipitated from the solution and the solvent are separated in solid and liquid, and the obtained solid is dried to take out the lithium borate compound.
- a static drying method in a shelf-type dryer As a method of drying the extracted lithium borate compound, a static drying method in a shelf-type dryer; a fluid drying method in a conical dryer; a method of drying using a device such as a hot plate or an oven; a dryer.
- a method of supplying warm air or hot air with a dryer such as the above can be applied.
- the pressure for drying the extracted lithium borate compound may be normal pressure or reduced pressure.
- the temperature at which the extracted lithium borate compound is dried is preferably 20 ° C. to 150 ° C., more preferably 50 ° C. to 140 ° C., and even more preferably 80 ° C. to 130 ° C. When the temperature is 20 ° C. or higher, the drying efficiency is excellent. When the temperature is 150 ° C. or lower, the decomposition of the produced lithium borate compound is suppressed, and the lithium borate compound can be stably taken out.
- the extracted lithium borate compound may be used as it is, for example, it may be used after being dispersed or dissolved in a solvent, or it may be used after being mixed with another solid substance.
- the lithium borate compound of the present disclosure is an additive for a lithium battery (preferably an additive for a lithium secondary battery, more preferably an additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution of a lithium secondary battery), a reaction reagent, a synthetic reaction catalyst, and the like. It can be usefully used as an electrolyte for various electrochemical devices, a doping agent, an additive for lubricating oil, and the like.
- the secondary battery additive of the present disclosure includes the above-mentioned lithium borate compound of the present disclosure.
- the additive for a secondary battery of the present disclosure is particularly suitable as an additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution of a lithium secondary battery.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries includes an electrolyte which is a lithium salt containing fluorine and a non-aqueous solvent.
- an electrolyte which is a lithium salt containing fluorine and a non-aqueous solvent.
- the above-mentioned lithium borate compound of the present disclosure and the above-mentioned.
- the battery resistance after storage and after the charge / discharge cycle can be reduced.
- non-aqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment contains a lithium borate compound.
- the non-aqueous electrolytic solution of the present disclosure can reduce the battery resistance after storage and after the charge / discharge cycle.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present embodiment is not limited to the following reasons.
- a lithium borate compound and a lithium borate compound are used in the vicinity of the surface of the negative electrode of the lithium secondary battery. It is considered that a reaction product of LiF generated from the electrolyte is produced, and further, a component which is a decomposition product of the reaction product is produced. It is considered that this component moves to the vicinity of the positive electrode surface and the vicinity of the negative electrode surface in the manufacturing process and adheres to the positive electrode surface and the negative electrode surface to form the positive electrode coating and the negative electrode coating.
- the non-aqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment can reduce the battery resistance after storage and after the charge / discharge cycle.
- the non-aqueous electrolytic solution of the present disclosure may contain only one type of the above lithium borate compound, or may contain two or more types.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present disclosure may contain the above lithium borate compound as an additive for a battery or may be contained as a source of an electrolyte.
- the content of the lithium borate compound in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution of the present disclosure is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1% by mass to 5.0% by mass with respect to the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolytic solution.
- the content of the lithium borate compound with respect to the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolytic solution is more preferably 0.2% by mass or more, further preferably 0.3% by mass or more, still more preferably 0.5% by mass or more. is there.
- the content of the lithium borate compound with respect to the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is 5.0% by mass or less, the chemical stability of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is further improved.
- the content of the lithium borate compound with respect to the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is more preferably 3.0% by mass or less, further preferably 2.0% by mass or less, still more preferably 1.0% by mass or less. is there.
- the concentration of the electrolyte is preferably 0.1 mol / L to 3 mol / L, preferably 0.5 mol / L to 2 mol / L. More preferred.
- the amount of the lithium borate compound may be reduced as compared with the amount added to the non-aqueous electrolytic solution. Therefore, when the lithium borate compound can be detected even in a small amount in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution taken out from the battery, it is included in the range of the non-aqueous electrolytic solution of the present disclosure. Further, even when the lithium borate compound cannot be detected in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution, the compound derived from the decomposition product of the lithium borate compound may be detected in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution or in the electrode coating. , Are considered to be within the scope of the non-aqueous electrolytes of the present disclosure. These treatments are the same for compounds other than the above lithium borate compound which can be contained in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present embodiment contains at least one electrolyte which is a fluorine-containing lithium salt (hereinafter, also referred to as “fluorine-containing lithium salt”).
- fluorine-containing lithium salt examples include; Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4), lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF 6), lithium hexafluoro tantalate (LiTaF 6), etc.
- Lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate Lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF 3 SO 3 ), Lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (Li (FSO 2 ) 2 N), Lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (Li (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N), Lithium Organic acid anion salts such as bis (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl) imide (Li (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 N); And so on. LiPF 6 is particularly preferable as the fluorine-containing lithium salt.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present embodiment may contain an electrolyte which is a lithium salt containing no fluorine.
- an electrolyte which is a lithium salt containing no fluorine.
- fluorine-free lithium salt include lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ), lithium tetrachloride aluminum (LiAlCl 4 ), lithium decachlorodecaboronic acid (Li 2 B 10 Cl 10 ) and the like.
- the proportion of the fluorine-containing lithium salt in the total electrolyte contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present embodiment is preferably 50% by mass to 100% by mass, and more preferably 60% by mass to 100% by mass. More preferably, it is 80% by mass to 100% by mass.
- the ratio of LiPF 6 to the total electrolyte contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present embodiment is preferably 50% by mass to 100% by mass, more preferably 60% by mass to 100% by mass, and further preferably. Is 80% by mass to 100% by mass.
- the concentration of the electrolyte in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present embodiment is preferably 0.1 mol / L to 3 mol / L, and more preferably 0.5 mol / L to 2 mol / L.
- the concentration of LiPF 6 in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present embodiment is preferably 0.1 mol / L to 3 mol / L, and more preferably 0.5 mol / L to 2 mol / L.
- the non-aqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment contains at least one non-aqueous solvent.
- the non-aqueous solvent include cyclic carbonates, fluorocyclic carbonates, chain carbonates, fluorochain carbonates, aliphatic carboxylic acid esters, fluoroaliphatic carboxylic acid esters, and ⁇ -lactones.
- Fluorine-containing ⁇ -lactones Fluorine-containing ⁇ -lactones, cyclic ethers, fluorocyclic ethers, chain ethers, fluorine-containing chain ethers, nitriles, amides, lactams, nitromethane, nitroethane, sulfolane, trimethyl phosphate, dimethyl sulfoxide , Dimethylsulfoxidophosphate, and the like.
- Examples of the cyclic carbonates include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC), and the like.
- Examples of the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonates include fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and the like.
- Examples of chain carbonates include dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), methyl propyl carbonate (MPC), ethyl propyl carbonate (EPC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), and the like. Can be mentioned.
- Examples of aliphatic carboxylic acid esters include methyl formate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, methyl butyrate, methyl isobutyrate, methyl trimethylbutyrate, ethyl formate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl isobutyrate, and trimethyl.
- Ethyl butyrate, etc. may be mentioned.
- Examples of ⁇ -lactones include ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, etc.
- cyclic ethers examples include tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-.
- chain ethers such as 1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, etc. include 1,2-ethoxyethane (DEE), ethoxymethoxyethane (EME), diethyl ether. , 1,2-Dimethoxyethane, 1,2-dibutoxyethane, and the like.
- nitriles include acetonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, methoxynitrile, 3-methoxypropionitrile, and the like.
- amides include N, N-dimethylformamide, and the like.
- lactams include N-methylpyrrolidinone, N-methyloxazolidinone, N, N'-dimethylimidazolidinone, and the like.
- the non-aqueous solvent preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of cyclic carbonates, fluorine-containing cyclic carbonates, chain carbonates, and fluorine-containing chain carbonates.
- the total ratio of cyclic carbonates, fluorine-containing cyclic carbonates, chain carbonates, and fluorine-containing chain carbonates to the non-aqueous solvent is preferably 50% by mass to 100% by mass. It is more preferably 60% by mass to 100% by mass, and further preferably 80% by mass to 100% by mass.
- the non-aqueous solvent preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of cyclic carbonates and chain carbonates.
- the total ratio of the cyclic carbonates and the chain carbonates to the non-aqueous solvent is preferably 50% by mass to 100% by mass, more preferably 60% by mass to 100% by mass, and further. It is preferably 80% by mass to 100% by mass.
- the proportion of the non-aqueous solvent in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment is preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the ratio of the non-aqueous solvent to the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present embodiment depends on the content of other components (lithium borate compound, electrolyte, etc.), but the upper limit is, for example, 99% by mass. , It is preferably 97% by mass, and more preferably 90% by mass.
- the intrinsic viscosity of the non-aqueous solvent is preferably 10.0 mPa ⁇ s or less at 25 ° C. from the viewpoint of further improving the dissociability of the electrolyte and the mobility of ions.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present embodiment preferably contains at least one cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated bond from the viewpoint of further improving the chemical stability of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution.
- the internal resistance of the battery tends to increase.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present embodiment contains a lithium borate compound, the internal resistance of the battery can be reduced even when it contains a cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated bond. Rather, when the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present embodiment contains a cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated bond, there is an advantage that the addition of the lithium borate compound has a wide range of improvement in reducing the internal resistance.
- Examples of the cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated bond include a vinylene carbonate-based compound, a vinylethylene carbonate-based compound, and a methyleneethylene carbonate-based compound.
- vinylene carbonate-based compound examples include vinylene carbonate (also known as 1,3-dioxol-2-one), methylvinylene carbonate (also known as 4-methyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one), and ethylvinylene carbonate (also known as 4-methyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one).
- vinylethylene carbonate-based compound examples include vinylethylene carbonate (also known as 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-one), 4-methyl-4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-one, and 4, -Ethyl-4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-one, 4-n-propyl-4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-one, 5-methyl-4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane -2-one, 4,4-divinyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-one, 4,5-divinyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-one, and the like can be mentioned.
- vinylethylene carbonate also known as 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-one
- 4-methyl-4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-one examples include 4-methyl-4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-one, and 4, -
- Examples of the methyleneethylene carbonate compound include 4-methylene-1,3-dioxolane-2-one, 4,4-dimethyl-5-methylene-1,3-dioxolane-2-one, and 4,4-diethyl-5-one. Examples thereof include methylene-1,3-dioxolane-2-one, and the like.
- vinylene carbonate is particularly preferable.
- the content of the cyclic carbonate having an unsaturated bond is preferably 0.1 with respect to the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution. It is from mass% to 5.0% by mass, more preferably 0.2% by mass to 3.0% by mass, further preferably 0.2% by mass to 2.0% by mass, and further preferably 0. It is 3% by mass to 1.0% by mass.
- the content of vinylene carbonate is preferably 0.1% by mass to 5.0% by mass, more preferably, based on the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Is 0.2% by mass to 3.0% by mass, more preferably 0.2% by mass to 2.0% by mass, and further preferably 0.3% by mass to 1.0% by mass.
- the ratio of the content mass of vinylene carbonate to the content mass of the lithium borate compound (hereinafter, also referred to as "content mass ratio [vinylene carbonate / lithium borate compound]"). ) Is preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.1 or more, and further preferably 0.3 or more.
- content mass ratio [vinylene carbonate / lithium borate compound] is 0.05 or more, an increase in the internal resistance of the lithium secondary battery after storage can be further suppressed.
- the upper limit of the content mass ratio [vinylene carbonate / lithium borate compound] is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 or less, more preferably 5 or less, from the viewpoint of more effectively obtaining the effect of vinylene carbonate. More preferably, it is 3 or less.
- the non-aqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment may contain at least one kind of other components other than the above-mentioned components.
- other components include known additives (hereinafter, also referred to as “known additives”) that can be contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and examples thereof include sultone (that is, cyclic sulfonic acid ester), acid anhydride, and oxalate. Examples thereof include compounds and cyclic sulfate ester compounds.
- the content of the known additive with respect to the total amount of the non-aqueous electrolytic solution is preferably 0.1% by mass to 3% by mass, more preferably. It is 0.5% by mass to 3% by mass.
- sultone examples include propane sultone and propene sultone, and specifically, 1,3-propane sultone, 1,4-butane sultone, 1,3-propene sultone, 1-methyl-1,3-propene sultone. , 2-Methyl-1,3-propensultone, 3-methyl-1,3-propene sultone and the like. These may be used alone, or a plurality of types may be mixed and used. Propene sultone is preferable as the sultone.
- an acid anhydride for example; Carboxylic anhydrides such as succinic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, maleic anhydride; Disulfonic acid anhydrides such as ethanedisulfonic anhydride and propanedisulfonic anhydride; Anhydride of sulfonic acid and carboxylic acid such as sulfobenzoic acid anhydride, sulfopropionic anhydride, sulfobutyric anhydride; And so on. These may be used alone, or a plurality of types may be mixed and used. As the acid anhydride, anhydrous sulfobenzoic acid is preferable.
- oxalate compound for example; Lithium difluorobis (oxalate) phosphate, lithium tetrafluoro (oxalate) phosphate, lithium tris (oxalat) phosphate, lithium difluoro (oxalate) oxalate, lithium bis (oxalate) oxalate; And so on.
- a cyclic sulfate compound for example; Catechol sulfate, 1,2-cyclohexyl sulfate, 2,2-dioxo-1,3,2-dioxathiolane, 4-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1,3,2-dioxathiolane, 4-ethyl-2,2- Dioxo-1,3,2-dioxathiolane, 4-propyl-2,2-dioxo-1,3,2-dioxathiolane, 4-butyl-2,2-dioxo-1,3,2-dioxathiolane, 4-pentyl- 2,2-Dioxo-1,3,2-dioxathiolane, 4-hexyl-2,2-dioxo-1,3,2-dioxathiolane, 4-Methylsulfonyloxymethyl-2,2-dioxo-1,3,2-dioxathiolane, 4-ethylsulfonyloxymethyl
- Sulfur compounds such as ethylene sulfite, propylene sulfite, ethylene sulfate, propylene sulfate, butene sulfate, hexene sulfate, vinylene sulfate, 3-sulfolene, divinylsulfone, dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate; dimethyl vinylboronate, diethyl vinylboronate, dipropyl vinylboronate , Vinylboronic acid compounds such as dibutyl vinylboronate; Amides such as dimethylformamide; Chain carbamates such as methyl-N, N-dimethyl carbamate; Cyclic amides such as N-methylpyrrolidone; Cyclic ureas such as N, N-dimethylimidazolidinone; Boric acid esters such as trimethyl borate, triethyl borate, tributyl borate, trioctyl bo
- the intrinsic viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present embodiment is preferably 10.0 mPa ⁇ s or less at 25 ° C. from the viewpoint of further improving the dissociability of the electrolyte and the mobility of ions.
- the method for producing the non-aqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment is not particularly limited.
- the non-aqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment may be produced by mixing each component.
- the non-aqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment for example, The process of dissolving the electrolyte in a non-aqueous solvent to obtain a solution, A step of adding a lithium borate compound (and other additives, if necessary) to the obtained solution and mixing them to obtain a non-aqueous electrolyte solution.
- a lithium borate compound and other additives, if necessary
- examples thereof include manufacturing methods including.
- the electric conductivity of the obtained non-aqueous electrolytic solution is reduced with respect to the electric conductivity of the solution (before the addition of the lithium borate compound).
- the effect of the non-aqueous electrolytic solution described above that is, the effect of reducing the internal resistance of the battery
- the lithium secondary battery precursor according to one embodiment of the present disclosure (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “battery precursor of the present embodiment”) is With the case
- the positive electrode is a positive electrode capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions.
- the negative electrode is a negative electrode capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions.
- the electrolytic solution is the lithium secondary battery precursor which is the non-aqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment described above.
- the lithium secondary battery precursor means a lithium secondary battery before being charged and discharged.
- a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a non-aqueous electrolytic solution are housed in a case to produce a lithium secondary battery precursor, and the obtained lithium secondary battery precursor is used.
- an aging process including charging and discharging).
- the battery precursor of the present embodiment includes the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present embodiment. Therefore, according to the battery precursor of the present embodiment, the same effect as that of the non-aqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment is exhibited.
- the case of the battery precursor of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include known cases for lithium secondary batteries.
- Examples of the case include a case containing a laminated film, a case composed of a battery can and a battery can lid, and the like.
- the positive electrode in the battery precursor of the present embodiment is a positive electrode capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions.
- the positive electrode in the battery precursor of the present embodiment preferably contains at least one positive electrode active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions.
- the positive electrode in the battery precursor of the present embodiment more preferably includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer containing a positive electrode active material and a binder. The positive electrode mixture layer is provided on at least a part of the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it can store and release lithium ions, and may be a positive electrode active material usually used in a lithium secondary battery.
- the positive electrode active material include; Oxides containing lithium (Li) and nickel (Ni) as constituent metal elements; An oxide containing Li, Ni, and at least one metal element other than Li and Ni (for example, transition metal element, main group metal element, etc.) as a constituent metal element; And so on.
- metal elements other than Li and Ni are preferably contained in the same amount as Ni or less than Ni in terms of atomic number.
- Metal elements other than Li and Ni include, for example, Co, Mn, Al, Cr, Fe, V, Mg, Ca, Na, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, Cu, Zn, Ga, In, Sn, La. And at least one selected from the group consisting of Ce. These positive electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the positive electrode active material preferably contains a lithium-containing composite oxide represented by the following general formula (C1) (hereinafter, also referred to as “NCM”).
- C1 a lithium-containing composite oxide represented by the following general formula (C1) (hereinafter, also referred to as “NCM”).
- C1 has the advantages of high energy density per unit volume and excellent thermal stability.
- NCM LiNi 0.33 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 O 2 , LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 , LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O. 2. Examples thereof include LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 .
- the positive electrode active material may contain a lithium-containing composite oxide represented by the following general formula (C2) (hereinafter, also referred to as “NCA”).
- C2 a lithium-containing composite oxide represented by the following general formula (C2) (hereinafter, also referred to as “NCA”).
- NCA LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 .
- the content of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode mixture layer is the positive electrode. It is, for example, 10% by mass or more, preferably 30% by mass or more, more preferably 50% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 70% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the mixture layer.
- the content of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode mixture layer is, for example, 99.9% by mass or less, preferably 99% by mass or less.
- binder examples of the binder that can be contained in the positive electrode mixture layer include polyvinyl acetate, polymethylmethacrylate, nitrocellulose, fluororesin, rubber particles and the like.
- fluororesin examples include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer and the like.
- the rubber particles include styrene-butadiene rubber particles and acrylonitrile rubber particles. Among these, a fluororesin is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the oxidation resistance of the positive electrode mixture layer.
- One type of binder can be used alone, and two or more types can be used in combination as needed.
- the content of the binder in the positive electrode mixture layer is 0, with respect to the positive electrode mixture layer, from the viewpoint of achieving both physical properties of the positive electrode mixture layer (for example, electrolyte permeability, peel strength, etc.) and battery performance. It is preferably 1% by mass to 4% by mass. When the content of the binder is 0.1% by mass or more, the adhesiveness of the positive electrode mixture layer to the positive electrode current collector and the binding property between the positive electrode active materials are further improved. When the content of the binder is 4% by mass or less, the amount of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode mixture layer can be increased, so that the battery capacity is further improved.
- the positive electrode in the battery precursor of the present embodiment includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer
- the positive electrode mixture layer preferably contains a conductive auxiliary material.
- a known conductive auxiliary material can be used as the conductive auxiliary material.
- the conductive auxiliary material a known conductive auxiliary material can be used.
- the known conductive auxiliary material is not particularly limited as long as it is a conductive carbon material, but graphite, carbon black, conductive carbon fibers (carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon fibers), fullerene and the like can be used. It can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Commercially available carbon blacks include, for example, Talker Black # 4300, # 4400, # 4500, # 5500 (Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd., Furness Black), Printex L etc. (Degussa Co., Ltd., Furness Black), Raven7000, 5750, etc.
- graphite examples include, but are not limited to, artificial graphite, natural graphite (for example, flake graphite, lump graphite, earth graphite, etc.) and the like.
- the positive electrode in the battery precursor of the present embodiment includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer
- the positive electrode mixture layer may contain other components in addition to the above components.
- other components include thickeners, surfactants, dispersants, wetting agents, defoaming agents and the like.
- the positive electrode current collector As the positive electrode current collector, various types can be used, and for example, a metal or an alloy is used. More specific examples of the positive electrode current collector include aluminum, nickel, and SUS. Of these, aluminum is preferable from the viewpoint of balancing high conductivity and cost. Here, “aluminum” means pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy. As the positive electrode current collector, aluminum foil is particularly preferable. The aluminum foil is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include A1085 material and A3003 material.
- the positive electrode mixture layer can be formed, for example, by applying a positive electrode mixture slurry containing a positive electrode active material and a binder to the surface of a positive electrode current collector and drying it.
- a positive electrode mixture slurry containing a positive electrode active material and a binder
- an organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is preferable.
- the coating method and the drying method are not particularly limited in applying the positive electrode mixture slurry to the positive electrode current collector and drying it.
- Examples of the coating method include slot die coating, slide coating, curtain coating, gravure coating and the like.
- Examples of the drying method include drying with warm air, hot air, and low humidity air; vacuum drying; drying with infrared (for example, far infrared) irradiation;
- the drying time and the drying temperature are not particularly limited, but the drying time is, for example, 1 minute to 30 minutes, and the drying temperature is, for example, 40 ° C. to 80 ° C.
- the positive electrode mixture layer is manufactured by applying a positive electrode mixture slurry on a positive electrode current collector, drying it, and then applying pressure treatment using a mold press, a roll press, or the like to obtain a porosity of the positive electrode active material layer. It is preferable to have a step of lowering the temperature.
- the negative electrode in the battery precursor of the present embodiment is a negative electrode capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions.
- the negative electrode in the battery precursor of the present embodiment preferably contains at least one negative electrode active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions.
- the negative electrode in the battery precursor of the present embodiment more preferably includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture layer containing a negative electrode active material and a binder. The negative electrode mixture layer is provided on at least a part of the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it can occlude and release lithium ions.
- metallic lithium a lithium-containing alloy, a metal or alloy capable of alloying with lithium, or a lithium ion dope.
- a carbon material capable of doping and dedoping lithium ions is preferable.
- the carbon material examples include carbon black, activated carbon, graphite material (for example, artificial graphite, natural graphite, etc.), amorphous carbon material, and the like.
- the form of the carbon material may be fibrous, spherical, potato-like, or flake-like.
- the particle size of the carbon material is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 20 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- amorphous carbon material examples include hard carbon, coke, mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) fired at 1500 ° C. or lower, and mesophase pitch carbon fiber (MCF).
- MCMB mesocarbon microbeads
- MCF mesophase pitch carbon fiber
- Examples of the graphite material include natural graphite and artificial graphite.
- artificial graphite graphitized MCMB, graphitized MCF and the like are used.
- graphite material a material containing boron or the like can also be used.
- a material coated with a metal such as gold, platinum, silver, copper or tin, a material coated with amorphous carbon, or a mixture of amorphous carbon and graphite can also be used.
- These carbon materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the negative electrode in the battery precursor of the present embodiment includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture layer
- the negative electrode mixture layer preferably contains a conductive auxiliary material.
- a conductive auxiliary material a known conductive auxiliary material can be used. Specific examples of the conductive auxiliary material that can be contained in the negative electrode mixture layer are the same as the specific examples of the conductive auxiliary material that can be contained in the positive electrode mixture layer described above.
- the negative electrode in the battery precursor of the present embodiment includes the negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode mixture layer
- the negative electrode mixture layer may contain other components in addition to the above components.
- other components include thickeners, surfactants, dispersants, wetting agents, defoaming agents and the like.
- the negative electrode mixture layer can be formed, for example, by applying a negative electrode mixture slurry containing a negative electrode active material and a binder to the surface of the negative electrode current collector and drying it.
- Water is preferably used as the solvent contained in the negative electrode mixture slurry, but if necessary, for example, a liquid medium compatible with water is used in order to improve the coatability on the current collector. You may.
- Liquid media compatible with water include alcohols, glycols, cellosolves, aminoalcohols, amines, ketones, carboxylic acid amides, phosphate amides, sulfoxides, carboxylic acid esters, and phosphate esters. , Ethers, nitriles and the like, and may be used as long as they are compatible with water.
- the preferred embodiment of the method for forming the negative electrode mixture layer is the same as the preferred embodiment of the method for forming the positive electrode mixture layer described above.
- Examples of the separator in the battery precursor of the present embodiment include a porous flat plate containing a resin such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyester, cellulose, and polyamide. Further, as the separator, a non-woven fabric containing the above resin can also be mentioned.
- a preferable example is a porous resin sheet having a single-layer or multi-layer structure composed mainly of one or more types of polyolefin resins.
- the thickness of the separator can be, for example, 5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the separator is preferably arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the electrolytic solution in the battery precursor of the present embodiment is the non-aqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment described above.
- the preferred embodiment of the non-aqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment is as described above.
- the method for producing the battery precursor of the present embodiment is not particularly limited.
- An example of a method for producing a battery precursor of the present embodiment includes a step of accommodating a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolytic solution in a case.
- the above example is preferably The process of accommodating the positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator in the case, The process of injecting the electrolytic solution into the case containing the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator, including.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present disclosure can take various known shapes, and can be formed into a cylindrical type, a coin type, a square type, a laminated type, a film type, or any other shape.
- the basic structure of the battery is the same regardless of the shape, and the design can be changed according to the purpose.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of a laminated battery which is an example of the lithium secondary battery of the present disclosure
- FIG. 2 is a thickness of a laminated electrode body housed in the laminated battery shown in FIG. It is a schematic cross-sectional view of a direction.
- the laminated battery shown in FIG. 1 contains a non-aqueous electrolytic solution (not shown in FIG. 1) and a laminated electrode body (not shown in FIG. 1), and the peripheral edge thereof is sealed.
- a laminated exterior body 1 whose inside is hermetically sealed is provided.
- the laminated electrode body housed in the laminated exterior body 1 is a laminated body in which a positive electrode plate 5 and a negative electrode plate 6 are alternately laminated via a separator 7, and a laminated body of the laminated body.
- a separator 8 that surrounds the periphery is provided.
- the positive electrode plate 5, the negative electrode plate 6, the separator 7, and the separator 8 are impregnated with the non-aqueous electrolytic solution of the present disclosure.
- the plurality of positive electrode plates 5 in the laminated electrode body are all electrically connected to the positive electrode terminal 2 via the positive electrode tab (not shown), and a part of the positive electrode terminal 2 is the laminated exterior body 1. It protrudes outward from the peripheral end (Fig. 1).
- the plurality of negative electrode plates 6 in the laminated electrode body are all electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal 3 via the negative electrode tab (not shown), and a part of the negative electrode terminal 3 is the laminated exterior. It protrudes outward from the peripheral end of the body 1 (FIG. 1). A portion of the peripheral end of the laminated exterior body 1 from which the negative electrode terminal 3 protrudes is sealed with an insulating seal 4.
- the number of positive electrode plates 5 is 5 and the number of negative electrode plates 6 is 6, and the positive electrode plate 5 and the negative electrode plate 6 are located on both sides of the battery via the separator 7.
- the outer layers are all laminated so as to be the negative electrode plate 6.
- the number of positive electrode plates, the number of negative electrode plates, and the arrangement of the laminated battery are not limited to this example, and various changes may be made.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of a coin-type battery, which is another example of the lithium secondary battery of the present disclosure.
- a disk-shaped negative electrode 12 a separator 15 infused with a non-aqueous electrolytic solution, a disk-shaped positive electrode 11, and, if necessary, spacer plates 17 and 18 made of stainless steel or aluminum are arranged in this order.
- the positive electrode can 13 hereinafter, also referred to as “battery can”
- the sealing plate 14 hereinafter, also referred to as “battery can lid”.
- the positive electrode can 13 and the sealing plate 14 are caulked and sealed via the gasket 16.
- the non-aqueous electrolytic solution of the present disclosure is used as the non-aqueous electrolytic solution to be injected into the separator 15.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present disclosure is obtained by charging / discharging a lithium secondary battery (lithium secondary battery before charging / discharging) containing a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present disclosure.
- It may be a lithium secondary battery. That is, in the lithium secondary battery of the present disclosure, first, a lithium secondary battery before charging / discharging containing a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present disclosure is prepared, and then the lithium secondary battery before charging / discharging is prepared. It may be a lithium secondary battery (charged / discharged lithium secondary battery) manufactured by charging / discharging the lithium secondary battery one or more times.
- the method for manufacturing a lithium secondary battery according to the embodiment of the present disclosure (hereinafter, also referred to as “method for manufacturing a battery of the present embodiment”) is The step of preparing the battery precursor of the present embodiment (hereinafter, also referred to as “preparation step”) and A step of obtaining a lithium secondary battery by subjecting a battery precursor to an aging treatment (hereinafter, also referred to as an “aging step”).
- the aging treatment is a method for producing a lithium secondary battery, which comprises charging and discharging a battery precursor in an environment of 20 ° C. to 60 ° C.
- the aging treatment in the aging step is preferably The initial retention phase in which the battery precursor is retained in an environment of 20 ° C to 60 ° C, The initial charging phase in which the battery precursor after the initial holding phase is charged in an environment of 20 ° C to 60 ° C, and A second holding phase in which the battery precursor after the initial charging phase is held in an environment of 20 ° C to 60 ° C, and A charge / discharge phase in which the battery precursor after the second holding phase is subjected to a combination of charging and discharging at least once in an environment of 20 ° C to 60 ° C. including.
- the reduction of battery resistance after storage and after cycling of the lithium secondary battery is effectively exhibited.
- a preferred embodiment of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution in the lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment is not limited to containing the lithium borate compound of the present disclosure, but a preferred embodiment of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present embodiment. Is similar to.
- the non-aqueous electrolytic solution in the battery of the present embodiment may contain a lithium borate compound.
- the lithium borate compound may be completely consumed by the aging treatment, or a part of the lithium borate compound remains. May be.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present disclosure can be applied to applications such as electronic devices such as mobile phones and laptop computers; electric vehicles; hybrid vehicles; power supplies for power storage; and the like.
- Secondary batteries are particularly preferably used for hybrid or electric vehicles.
- the obtained solid was partially dissolved in a heavy water solvent, and 1 H-NMR analysis, 11 B-NMR analysis, and 19 F-NMR analysis at room temperature (25 ° C.) were performed.
- the chemical shifts [ppm] of the spectra obtained by each NMR analysis were as follows.
- the obtained solid was partially dissolved in a heavy water solvent, and 1 H-NMR analysis, 7 Li-NMR analysis, 11 B-NMR analysis, and 19 F-NMR analysis at room temperature (25 ° C.) were performed.
- the chemical shifts [ppm] of the spectra obtained by each NMR analysis were as follows.
- Example 1 the product obtained by the synthesis of Example 1 is the lithium borate compound of the present disclosure represented by the following reaction scheme, that is, the lithium borate compound represented by the formula (II) (hereinafter, "" It was also confirmed that it was a lithium borate compound (II).
- Example 2 Example of synthesis of lithium borate compound represented by formula (III) Synthesis was carried out by the same method as in Example 1 except that the second reaction step in Example 1 was the method shown below. went. 8.48 g (0.04 mol) of the reaction intermediate was placed in the original reaction flask together with 60 g of ethanol, and then 1.70 g (0.04 mol) of lithium chloride was added thereto and mixed by stirring to obtain a uniform solution. Then, this solution was heated to 80 degreeC and stirred in the solvent reflux state for 1 hour. The reaction solution obtained by this step changed from a homogeneous solution to a slurry in which solid salts were precipitated. The slurry was filtered and the filtrate from which the solid was removed was dried at 60 ° C. and 10 kPa or less to obtain 6.83 g of a white crystalline solid product.
- the obtained solid was partially dissolved in a heavy water solvent, and 1 H-NMR analysis, 7 Li-NMR analysis, 11 B-NMR analysis, and 19 F-NMR analysis at room temperature (25 ° C.) were performed.
- the chemical shifts [ppm] of the spectra obtained by each NMR analysis were as follows.
- the product obtained by the synthesis of Example 2 is the lithium borate compound of the present disclosure represented by the following reaction scheme, that is, the lithium borate compound represented by the formula (III) (hereinafter, "" It was also confirmed that it was a lithium borate compound (III).
- Example 3 Example of synthesis of lithium borate compound represented by formula (IV) Synthesis was carried out by the same method as in Example 1 except that the second reaction step in Example 1 was the method shown below. went. 8.48 g (0.04 mol) of the reaction intermediate was placed in the original reaction flask together with 80 g of isopropanol, and then 1.70 g (0.04 mol) of lithium chloride was placed therein and mixed by stirring to obtain a uniform solution. The solution was then heated to 85 ° C. and stirred in a solvent reflux state for 1 hour. The reaction solution obtained by this step changed from a homogeneous solution to a slurry in which solid salts were precipitated. The slurry was filtered and the filtrate from which the solid was removed was dried at 60 ° C. and 10 kPa or less to obtain 7.04 g of a white crystalline solid product.
- the obtained solid was partially dissolved in a heavy water solvent, and 1 H-NMR analysis, 7 Li-NMR analysis, 11 B-NMR analysis, and 19 F-NMR analysis at room temperature (25 ° C.) were performed.
- the chemical shifts [ppm] of the spectra obtained by each NMR analysis were as follows.
- the product obtained by the synthesis of Example 3 is the lithium borate compound of the present disclosure represented by the following reaction scheme, that is, the lithium borate compound represented by the formula (IV) (hereinafter, Also referred to as “lithium borate compound (IV)").
- Example 4 Synthesis example of lithium borate compound represented by formula (V) Synthesis by the same method as in Example 1 except that the second reaction step in Example 1 is the synthesis method shown below.
- 6.36 g (0.03 mol) of the reaction intermediate was placed in the original reaction flask together with 80 g of n-butanol, and then 1.23 g (0.03 mol) of lithium chloride was added thereto and mixed by stirring to obtain a uniform solution. ..
- the solution was then heated to 85 ° C. and stirred at this temperature for 1 hour.
- the reaction solution obtained by this step changed from a homogeneous solution to a slurry in which solid salts were precipitated.
- the slurry was filtered and the filtrate from which the solid was removed was dried at 80 ° C. and 10 kPa or less to obtain 8.36 g of a white crystalline solid product.
- the obtained solid was partially dissolved in a heavy water solvent, and 1 H-NMR analysis, 7 Li-NMR analysis, 11 B-NMR analysis, and 19 F-NMR analysis at room temperature (25 ° C.) were performed.
- the chemical shifts [ppm] of the spectra obtained by each NMR analysis were as follows.
- the product obtained by the synthesis of Example 4 is the lithium borate compound represented by the following reaction scheme, that is, the lithium borate compound represented by the formula (V) (hereinafter, "" It was also confirmed that it was a lithium borate compound (V).
- Example 101 A coin-type lithium secondary battery (hereinafter, also referred to as a “coin-type battery”) having the configuration shown in FIG. 3 was produced by the following procedure.
- Amorphous coated natural graphite (97 parts by mass), carboxymethyl cellulose (1 part by mass) and SBR latex (2 parts by mass) were kneaded with an aqueous solvent to prepare a paste-like negative electrode mixture slurry.
- this negative electrode mixture slurry is applied to a negative electrode current collector made of a strip-shaped copper foil having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m, dried, and then compressed by a roll press to form a sheet composed of the negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode active material layer.
- a negative electrode was obtained.
- the coating density of the negative electrode active material layer was 10 mg / cm 2
- the packing density was 1.5 g / ml.
- a positive electrode mixture slurry was prepared. Next, this positive electrode mixture slurry is applied to a positive electrode current collector of a strip-shaped aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, dried, and then compressed by a roll press to form a sheet-shaped positive electrode composed of the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode active material layer.
- the coating density of the positive electrode active material layer was 16 mg / cm 2 , and the packing density was 2.5 g / ml.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- EMC methyl ethyl carbonate
- II Lithium borate compound
- ⁇ Making coin-type batteries> The above-mentioned negative electrode was punched in a disk shape with a diameter of 14 mm and the above-mentioned positive electrode was punched in a disk shape, respectively, to obtain a coin-shaped negative electrode and a coin-shaped positive electrode, respectively. Further, a microporous polyethylene film having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was punched into a disk shape having a diameter of 17 mm to obtain a separator.
- the obtained coin-shaped negative electrode, separator, and coin-shaped positive electrode are laminated in this order in a stainless steel battery can (2032 size), and then 20 ⁇ L of the above-mentioned non-aqueous electrolyte solution is placed in the battery can.
- a coin-type battery that is, a coin-type lithium secondary battery having a diameter of 20 mm and a height of 3.2 mm and having the configuration shown in FIG. 3 was obtained.
- Example 102 to 104 Comparative Example 101
- a lithium secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 101 except that the types of additives contained in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution were changed as shown in Table 1, and the following evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 101. .. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the coin-type battery is charged and discharged at a constant voltage of 4.2 V three times, and then charged to a constant voltage of 3.6 V. Then, the charged coin-type battery is cooled to 25 ° C. in a constant temperature bath to 25 ° C.
- the DC resistance [ ⁇ ] of the coin-type battery was measured by discharging at a constant current of 0.2 mA and measuring the potential drop in 10 seconds from the start of the discharge, and the obtained value was used as the initial resistance [ ⁇ ] (25 ° C.). ).
- the initial resistance value [ ⁇ ] (25 ° C.) was measured in the same manner for the coin-type battery of Comparative Example 101 described later.
- the coin-type battery was charged and discharged three times at a constant voltage of 4.2 V, charged to 4.2 V, and stored at 60 ° C. for 6 days.
- the DC resistance was determined by the same method as the above initial resistance, and the value of the obtained DC resistance was taken as the DC resistance after 6 days of storage of the battery.
- Example 111 to 114 A lithium secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 101, except that the types of additives contained in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution and their contents were changed as shown in Table 2.
- the following operation was performed under a temperature condition of 55 ° C. After charging the battery to SOC 80% at a charging rate of 0.2 C, the cycle of discharging the battery to SOC 20% at a discharge rate of 1 C was performed at 0 cycle, 100 cycle, and 200 cycle.
- the DC resistance ( ⁇ ) of the battery obtained after each cycle was measured by the following method. The relative value when the value of the DC resistance after 0 cycles (that is, the initial stage) of the battery in Comparative Example 101 was set to 100 was obtained. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the initial resistance [ ⁇ ] (-20 ° C.) was measured in the same manner for the coin-type battery of Comparative Example 101 described later. From these results, according to the following formula, the initial resistance value (relative value;%) in Example 101 when the initial resistance [ ⁇ ] (-20 ° C.) in Comparative Example 101 is 100% is set to “Initial resistance”. (-20 ° C) (relative value;%) ”was calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 121 to 124 Comparative Example 121
- the types and contents of the lithium borate compound contained in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution are shown in Table 3, and the non-aqueous electrolytic solution was prepared with the vinylene carbonate contained in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution as the content shown in Table 3.
- a lithium secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 101 except for the above.
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Abstract
Description
例えば、ビス(オキサラト)ホウ酸リチウムを電解質として含むリチウムイオン電池用電解液が知られている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。また、例えば、ジフルオロ(オキサラト)ホウ酸リチウムを電解質として含むリチウムイオン電池用電解液も知られている(例えば、特許文献2参照)。
特許文献2:特許3722685号公報
また、本開示の別の一態様の課題は、保存後及び充放電サイクル後の電池抵抗抑を低減できるリチウム二次電池用非水電解液、並びに、上記リチウム二次電池用非水電解液を含むリチウム二次電池前駆体、及び前記リチウム二次電池前駆体を用いるリチウム二次電池の製造方法を提供することである。
<2> 前記R10が、フッ素原子、炭素数1~3のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、炭素数1~3のパーフルオロアルキル基である<1>に記載のホウ酸リチウム化合物。
<3> 前記R10が、トリフルオロメチル基である<1>または<2>に記載のホウ酸リチウム化合物。
<7> フッ素を含むリチウム塩である電解質と、非水溶媒と、<1>~<5>のいずれか1つに記載のホウ酸リチウム化合物と、を含有するリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
<8> 前記ホウ酸リチウム化合物の含有量が、リチウム二次電池用非水電解液の全量に対し、0.1質量%~5.0質量%である<7>に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
<9> 更に、不飽和結合を有する環状炭酸エステルを含有する<7>又は<8>に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
<10> 前記不飽和結合を有する環状炭酸エステルがビニレンカーボネートである<9>に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
<11> 前記ホウ酸リチウム化合物の含有質量に対する前記ビニレンカーボネートの含有質量の比が、0.1~10の範囲にある<10>に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
<12> ケースと、
前記ケースに収容された、正極、負極、セパレータ、及び電解液と、
を備え、
前記正極が、リチウムイオンを吸蔵及び放出可能な正極であり、
前記負極が、リチウムイオンを吸蔵及び放出可能な負極であり、
前記電解液が、<7>~<11>のいずれか1つに記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液であるリチウム二次電池前駆体。
<13> <12>に記載のリチウム二次電池前駆体を準備する工程と、前記リチウム二次電池前駆体に対してエージング処理を施すことにより、リチウム二次電池を得る工程と、を含み、前記エージング処理は、前記リチウム二次電池前駆体に対し、20℃~60℃の環境下で、充電及び放電を施すことを含むリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
また、本開示の別の一態様によれば、保存後及び充放電サイクル後の電池抵抗を低減できるリチウム二次電池用非水電解液、並びに、上記リチウム二次電池用非水電解液を含むリチウム二次電池前駆体、及び前記リチウム二次電池前駆体を用いるリチウム二次電池の製造方法が提供される。
本明細書において、組成物中の各成分の量は、組成物中に各成分に該当する物質が複数存在する場合は、特に断らない限り、組成物中に存在する当該複数の物質の合計量を意味する。
本明細書において、「工程」との用語は、独立した工程だけではなく、他の工程と明確に区別できない場合であってもその工程の所期の目的が達成されれば、本用語に含まれる。
本開示のホウ酸リチウム化合物は、下記式(I)で表される、新規なホウ酸リチウム化合物である。以下、式(I)で表されるホウ酸リチウム化合物を、単に「ホウ酸リチウム化合物」とも称する。
上記の中でも、置換基を有してもよい炭素数6~20のアリール基としては、フェニル基、4-メチルフェニル基、又は4-フルオロフェニル基が好ましく、フェニル基、又は4-フルオロフェニル基がより好ましい。
式(I)中に含まれ得る置換基としての、ハロゲン化アルキル基、ハロゲン化アルコキシ基、ハロゲン化アルケニル基、及びハロゲン化アルキニル基の構造中に含まれるハロゲン原子の好ましい態様は、それぞれ、式(I)中に含まれ得る置換基としてのハロゲン原子の好ましい態様と同様である。
式(I)中に含まれ得る置換基としての無置換のアルキル基としては、炭素数1~12のアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数1~6のアルキル基がより好ましく、炭素数1~3のアルキル基が更に好ましい。
式(I)中に含まれ得る置換基としての無置換のアルコキシ基としては、炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基が好ましく、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基がより好ましく、炭素数1~3のアルコキシ基が更に好ましい。
式(I)中に含まれ得る置換基としての無置換のアルケニル基としては、炭素数2~12のアルケニル基が好ましく、炭素数2~6のアルケニル基がより好ましく、炭素数2~3のアルケニル基が更に好ましい。
式(I)中に含まれ得る置換基としての無置換のアルキニル基としては、炭素数2~12のアルキニル基が好ましく、炭素数2~6のアルキニル基がより好ましく、炭素数2~3のアルキニル基が更に好ましい。
置換基を有してもよい炭素数1~20の脂肪族基は、炭素数1~16の脂肪族基であることが好ましく、炭素数1~12の脂肪族基であることがより好ましい。
メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、1-エチルプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、2-メチルブチル基、3,3-ジメチルブチル基、n-ペンチル基、イソペンチル基、ネオペンチル基、1-メチルペンチル基、n-ヘキシル基、イソヘキシル基、sec-ヘキシル基、tert-ヘキシル基、n-ヘプチル基、イソヘプチル基、sec-ヘプチル基、tert-ヘプチル基、n-オクチル基、イソオクチル基、sec-オクチル基、tert-オクチル基、ノニル基、デシル基、ウンデシル基、ドデシル基等の直鎖状又は分岐状の飽和脂肪族基(即ち、アルキル基);
ビニル基、1-プロペニル基、アリル基(2-プロペニル基)、イソプロペニル基、1-ブテニル基、2-ブテニル基、3-ブテニル基、ペンテニル基、ヘキセニル基、2-メチル-2-プロペニル基、1-メチル-2-プロペニル基、2-メチル-1-プロペニル基、ヘキセニル基、エチニル基、1-プロピニル基、2-プロピニル基(プロパルギル基と同義)、1-ブチニル基、2-ブチニル基、3-ブチニル基、1-ペンチニル基、2-ペンチニル基、3-ペンチニル基、4-ペンチニル基、5-ヘキシニル基、1-メチル-2-プロピニル基、2-メチル-3-ブチニル基、2-メチル-3-ペンチニル基、1-メチル-2-ブチニル基、1,1-ジメチル-2-プロピニル、1,1-ジメチル-2-ブチニル基、1-ヘキシニル基等の直鎖状又は分岐状の不飽和脂肪族基(即ち、アルケニル基又はアルキニル基);
シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘプチル基、1-シクロペンテニル基、1-シクロヘキセニル基等の環状脂肪族基;
などが挙げられる。
R10で表される炭素数1~10の炭化水素オキシ基の炭素数としては、1~6が好ましく、1~3がより好ましく、1又は2が更に好ましく、1が特に好ましい。
R10で表される炭素数1~10の炭化水素基としては、アルキル基又はアリール基が好ましく、アルキル基が更に好ましい。
R10で表される炭素数1~10の炭化水素基の炭素数としては、1~6が好ましく、1~3がより好ましく、1又は2が更に好ましく、1が特に好ましい。
R10で表される炭素数1~10のフッ化炭化水素基としては、フッ化アルキル基又はフッ化アリール基が好ましく、フッ化アルキル基が更に好ましく、パーフルオロアルキル基が更に好ましく、トリフルオロメチル基(-CF3)が特に好ましい。
以下、本開示のホウ酸リチウム化合物の製造方法の一例(製法X)を示す。但し、本開示のホウ酸リチウム化合物の製造方法は、製法Xには限定されない。
第一の反応工程及び第二の反応工程は、大気雰囲気下、不活性雰囲気下のいずれで行ってもよい。
第一の反応工程及び第二の反応工程は、例えば、ホウ酸カリウム化合物及びホウ酸リチウム化合物の生成を阻害する成分(例えば水分)の混入を防ぐ観点から、不活性雰囲気下(例えば、窒素、アルゴン等の不活性ガス雰囲気下)で行うことが好ましい。
第二の反応工程における反応温度が10℃以上であると、ホウ酸リチウム化合物の生成が促進されやすい。一方、第二の反応工程における反応温度が150℃以下であると、生成したホウ酸リチウム化合物の分解が抑制され、生成率が向上しやすい。
例えば、目的とする成分(即ち、ホウ酸リチウム化合物自体)のみが固体として得られた場合には、その固体をホウ酸リチウム化合物として、特段の処理なく取り出すことができる。
また、第二の反応工程により、ホウ酸リチウム化合物が溶媒に分散されたスラリーが得られた場合には、そのスラリーから、濾過等で溶媒を固液分離し、得られた濾液を乾燥させることにより、ホウ酸リチウム化合物を取り出すことができる。
また、第二の反応工程により、ホウ酸リチウム化合物が溶媒に溶解された溶液が得られた場合には、加熱濃縮等によって溶液から溶媒を留去することにより、ホウ酸リチウム化合物を取り出すことができる。
また、第二の反応工程により、ホウ酸リチウム化合物が溶媒に溶解された溶液が得られた場合には、溶液に対し、ホウ酸リチウム化合物が溶解しない溶媒を加えることによってホウ酸リチウム化合物を析出させ、次いで溶液から析出したホウ酸リチウム化合物と溶媒とを固液分離し、得られた固体を乾燥させることにより、ホウ酸リチウム化合物を取り出すこともできる。
取り出されたホウ酸リチウム化合物を乾燥する際の温度は、20℃~150℃であることが好ましく、50℃~140℃であることがより好ましく、80℃~130℃であることが更に好ましい。
温度が20℃以上であると乾燥効率に優れる。温度が150℃以下であると、生成したホウ酸リチウム化合物の分解が抑制され、ホウ酸リチウム化合物を安定して取り出しやすい。
本開示の二次電池用添加剤は、上述した本開示のホウ酸リチウム化合物を含む。本開示の二次電池用添加剤は、特にリチウム二次電池の非水電解液用の添加剤として好適である。
本開示の一実施形態に係るリチウム二次電池用非水電解液(以下、単に「本実施形態の非水電解液」ともいう)は、フッ素を含むリチウム塩である電解質と、非水溶媒と、上述した本開示のホウ酸リチウム化合物と、を含有する。
本開示の非水電解液は、ホウ酸リチウム化合物を含有することにより、保存後及び充放電サイクル後の電池抵抗を低減できる。
このため、リチウム二次電池を保存する場合における、リチウム二次電池の保存期間に対するリチウム二次電池の電池抵抗が低減されると考えられる。
本開示の非水電解液は、上記ホウ酸リチウム化合物を電池用添加剤として含んでもよいし、電解質の供給源として含んでもよい。
非水電解液の全量に対するホウ酸リチウム化合物の含有量が0.1質量%以上である場合には、本開示の非水電解液による効果がより効果的に奏される。非水電解液の全量に対するホウ酸リチウム化合物の含有量は、より好ましくは0.2質量%以上であり、更に好ましくは0.3質量%以上であり、更に好ましくは0.5質量%以上である。
非水電解液の全量に対するホウ酸リチウム化合物の含有量が5.0質量%以下である場合には、非水電解液の化学的安定性がより向上する。
非水電解液の全量に対するホウ酸リチウム化合物の含有量は、より好ましくは3.0質量%以下であり、更に好ましくは2.0質量%以下であり、更に好ましくは1.0質量%以下である。
また、非水電解液から上記ホウ酸リチウム化合物が検出できない場合であっても、非水電解液中や電極の被膜中に、上記ホウ酸リチウム化合物の分解物由来の化合物が検出される場合も、本開示の非水電解液の範囲に含まれるとみなされる。
これらの取り扱いは、非水電解液に含有され得る上記ホウ酸リチウム化合物以外の化合物についても同様である。
本実施形態の非水電解液は、フッ素を含むリチウム塩(以下、「含フッ素リチウム塩」ともいう)である電解質を少なくとも1種含有する。
含フッ素リチウム塩としては、例えば;
六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)、四フッ化ホウ酸リチウム(LiBF4)、六フッ化ヒ酸リチウム(LiAsF6)、六フッ化タンタル酸リチウム(LiTaF6)、等の無機酸陰イオン塩;
トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸リチウム(LiCF3SO3)、リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド(Li(FSO2)2N)、リチウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド(Li(CF3SO2)2N)、リチウムビス(ペンタフルオロエタンスルホニル)イミド(Li(C2F5SO2)2N)等の有機酸陰イオン塩;
等が挙げられる。
含フッ素リチウム塩としては、LiPF6が特に好ましい。
フッ素を含まないリチウム塩としては、過塩素酸リチウム(LiClO4)、四塩化アルミニウム酸リチウム(LiAlCl4)、リチウムデカクロロデカホウ素酸(Li2B10Cl10)等が挙げられる。
本実施形態の非水電解液は、非水溶媒を少なくとも1種含有する。
非水溶媒としては、例えば、環状カーボネート類、含フッ素環状カーボネート類、鎖状カーボネート類、含フッ素鎖状カーボネート類、脂肪族カルボン酸エステル類、含フッ素脂肪族カルボン酸エステル類、γ-ラクトン類、含フッ素γ-ラクトン類、環状エーテル類、含フッ素環状エーテル類、鎖状エーテル類、含フッ素鎖状エーテル類、ニトリル類、アミド類、ラクタム類、ニトロメタン、ニトロエタン、スルホラン、燐酸トリメチル、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルスルホキシド燐酸、等が挙げられる。
含フッ素環状カーボネート類としては、例えば、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)、等が挙げられる。
鎖状カーボネート類としては、例えば、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)、メチルプロピルカーボネート(MPC)、エチルプロピルカーボネート(EPC)、ジプロピルカーボネート(DPC)、等が挙げられる。
脂肪族カルボン酸エステル類としては、例えば、ギ酸メチル、酢酸メチル、プロピオン酸メチル、酪酸メチル、イソ酪酸メチル、トリメチル酪酸メチル、ギ酸エチル、酢酸エチル、プロピオン酸エチル、酪酸エチル、イソ酪酸エチル、トリメチル酪酸エチル、等が挙げられる。
γ-ラクトン類としては、例えば、γ-ブチロラクトン、γ-バレロラクトン、等が挙げられる
環状エーテル類としては、例えば、テトラヒドロフラン、2-メチルテトラヒドロフラン、テトラヒドロピラン、1,3-ジオキソラン、4-メチル-1,3-ジオキソラン、1,3-ジオキサン、1,4-ジオキサン、等が挙げられる
鎖状エーテル類としては、例えば、1,2-エトキシエタン(DEE)、エトキシメトキシエタン(EME)、ジエチルエーテル、1,2-ジメトキシエタン、1,2-ジブトキシエタン、等が挙げられる。
ニトリル類としては、例えば、アセトニトリル、グルタロニトリル、アジポニトリル、メトキシアセトニトリル、3-メトキシプロピオニトリル、等が挙げられる。
アミド類としては、例えば、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、等が挙げられる。
ラクタム類としては、例えば、N-メチルピロリジノン、N-メチルオキサゾリジノン、N,N'-ジメチルイミダゾリジノン、等が挙げられる。
この場合、非水溶媒中に占める、環状カーボネート類、含フッ素環状カーボネート類、鎖状カーボネート類、及び含フッ素鎖状カーボネート類の合計の割合は、好ましくは50質量%~100質量%であり、より好ましくは60質量%~100質量%であり、更に好ましくは80質量%~100質量%である。
この場合、非水溶媒中に占める、環状カーボネート類及び鎖状カーボネート類の合計の割合は、好ましくは50質量%~100質量%であり、より好ましくは60質量%~100質量%であり、更に好ましくは80質量%~100質量%である。
本実施形態の非水電解液中に占める非水溶媒の割合の上限は、他の成分(ホウ酸リチウム化合物、電解質、等)の含有量にもよるが、上限は、例えば99質量%であり、好ましくは97質量%であり、更に好ましくは90質量%である。
本実施形態の非水電解液は、非水電解液の化学的安定性をより向上させる観点から、不飽和結合を有する環状炭酸エステルの少なくとも1種を含有していることが好ましい。
一般的には、非水電解液が不飽和結合を有する環状炭酸エステルを含有する場合には、電池の内部抵抗が上昇しやすい傾向がある。
しかし、本実施形態の非水電解液は、ホウ酸リチウム化合物を含有するため、更に、不飽和結合を有する環状炭酸エステルを含有する場合においても、電池の内部抵抗を低減させることができる。
むしろ、本実施形態の非水電解液が不飽和結合を有する環状炭酸エステルを含有する場合には、ホウ酸リチウム化合物の添加による内部抵抗低減の改善幅が広いという利点がある。
含有質量比〔ビニレンカーボネート/ホウ酸リチウム化合物〕が0.05以上である場合には、保存後のリチウム二次電池の内部抵抗の上昇をより抑制できる。
本実施形態の非水電解液は、上述した成分以外のその他の成分を少なくとも1種含有していてもよい。
その他の成分としては、非水電解液に含有され得る公知の添加剤(以下、「公知添加剤」ともいう。)が挙げられ、例えばスルトン(即ち、環状スルホン酸エステル)、酸無水物、オキサラト化合物、環状硫酸エステル化合物等が挙げられる。
スルトンとしては、プロペンスルトンが好ましい。
無水コハク酸、無水グルタル酸、無水マレイン酸などのカルボン酸無水物;
無水エタンジスルホン酸、無水プロパンジスルホン酸などのジスルホン酸無水物;
無水スルホ安息香酸、無水スルホプロピオン酸、無水スルホ酪酸などのカルボン酸とスルホン酸との無水物;
等が挙げられる。
これらは単独で用いられてもよいし、複数種が混合されて用いられてもよい。
酸無水物としては、無水スルホ安息香酸が好ましい。
ジフルオロビス(オキサラト)リン酸リチウム、テトラフルオロ(オキサラト)リン酸リチウム、トリス(オキサラト)リン酸リチウム、ジフルオロ(オキサラト)ホウ酸リチウム、ビス(オキサラト)ホウ酸リチウム;
等が挙げられる。
カテコールサルフェート、1,2-シクロヘキシルサルフェート、2,2-ジオキソ-1,3,2-ジオキサチオラン、4-メチル-2,2-ジオキソ-1,3,2-ジオキサチオラン、4-エチル-2,2-ジオキソ-1,3,2-ジオキサチオラン、4-プロピル-2,2-ジオキソ-1,3,2-ジオキサチオラン、4-ブチル-2,2-ジオキソ-1,3,2-ジオキサチオラン、4-ペンチル-2,2-ジオキソ-1,3,2-ジオキサチオラン、4-ヘキシル-2,2-ジオキソ-1,3,2-ジオキサチオラン、
4-メチルスルホニルオキシメチル-2,2-ジオキソ-1,3,2-ジオキサチオラン、4-エチルスルホニルオキシメチル-2,2-ジオキソ-1,3,2-ジオキサチオラン、ビス((2,2-ジオキソ-1,3,2-ジオキサチオラン-4-イル)メチル)サルフェート、4,4’-ビス(2,2-ジオキソ-1,3,2-ジオキサチオラン);
等が挙げられる。
亜硫酸エチレン、亜硫酸プロピレン、硫酸エチレン、硫酸プロピレン、硫酸ブテン、硫酸ヘキセン、硫酸ビニレン、3-スルホレン、ジビニルスルホン、硫酸ジメチル、硫酸ジエチル等のイオウ系化合物;ビニルボロン酸ジメチル、ビニルボロン酸ジエチル、ビニルボロン酸ジプロピル、ビニルボロン酸ジブチル等のビニルボロン酸化合物;
ジメチルホルムアミド等のアミド類;
メチル-N,N-ジメチルカーバメート等の鎖状カーバメート類;
N-メチルピロリドン等の環状アミド類;
N,N-ジメチルイミダゾリジノン等の環状ウレア類;
ホウ酸トリメチル、ホウ酸トリエチル、ホウ酸トリブチル、ホウ酸トリオクチル、ホウ酸トリ(トリメチルシリル)等のホウ酸エステル類;
ジフルオロリン酸リチウム、モノフルオロリン酸リチウム、リン酸トリメチル、リン酸トリエチル、リン酸トリブチル、リン酸トリオクチル、リン酸トリ(トリメチルシリル)、リン酸トリフェニル等のリン酸エステル類;
エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル等のエチレングリコール誘導体;
ビフェニル、フルオロビフェニル、o-ターフェニル、トルエン、エチルベンゼン、フルオロベンゼン、シクロヘキシルベンゼン、2-フルオロアニソール、4-フルオロアニソール等の芳香族炭化水素;
無水マレイン酸、ノルボルネンジカルボン酸無水物等の炭素-炭素不飽和結合を有するカルボン酸無水物;
等も挙げられる。
本実施形態の非水電解液を製造する方法には特に限定はない。本実施形態の非水電解液は、各成分を混合して製造すればよい。
非水溶媒に電解質を溶解させて溶液を得る工程と、
得られた溶液に対し、ホウ酸リチウム化合物(及び必要に応じ、その他の添加剤)を添加して混合し、非水電解液を得る工程と、
を含む製造方法が挙げられる。
この一例に係る製造方法において、(ホウ酸リチウム化合物を添加する前の)溶液の電気伝導度に対し、得られた非水電解液の電気伝導度が低減されていることが好ましい。この態様の製造方法によって得られた非水電解液によれば、前述した非水電解液の効果(即ち、電池の内部抵抗を低減させる効果)がより効果的に発揮される。
本開示の一実施形態に係るリチウム二次電池前駆体(以下、単に「本実施形態の電池前駆体」ともいう)は、
ケースと、
ケースに収容された、正極、負極、セパレータ、及び電解液と、
を備え、
上記正極が、リチウムイオンを吸蔵及び放出可能な正極であり、
上記負極が、リチウムイオンを吸蔵及び放出可能な負極であり、
上記電解液が、上述した本実施形態の非水電解液であるリチウム二次電池前駆体である。
後述する本実施形態のリチウム二次電池は、正極、負極、セパレータ、及び非水電解液をケースに収容してリチウム二次電池前駆体を製造し、得られたリチウム二次電池前駆体に対し、充電及び放電(好ましくは、充電及び放電を含むエージング処理)を施すことによって製造される。
このため、本実施形態の電池前駆体によれば、本実施形態の非水電解液による効果と同様の効果が奏される。
本実施形態の電池前駆体におけるケースとしては特に限定はなく、公知のリチウム二次電池用のケースが挙げられる。
ケースとしては、ラミネートフィルムを含むケース、電池缶と電池缶蓋とからなるケース、等が挙げられる。
本実施形態の電池前駆体における正極は、リチウムイオンを吸蔵及び放出可能な正極である。
本実施形態の電池前駆体における正極は、好ましくは、リチウムイオンを吸蔵及び放出可能な正極活物質を少なくとも1種含む。
本実施形態の電池前駆体における正極は、より好ましくは、正極集電体と、正極活物質及びバインダーを含有する正極合材層と、を備える。
正極合材層は、正極集電体の表面の少なくとも一部に設けられる。
正極活物質としては、リチウムイオンの吸蔵及び放出が可能な物質であれば特に限定されず、リチウム二次電池に通常用いられる正極活物質であり得る。
正極活物質としては、例えば;
リチウム(Li)とニッケル(Ni)とを構成金属元素とする酸化物;
Liと、Niと、Li及びNi以外の金属元素(例えば、遷移金属元素、典型金属元素等)の少なくとも1種と、を構成金属元素として含む酸化物;
等が挙げられる。
酸化物中において、Li及びNi以外の金属元素は、好ましくは、原子数換算で、Niと同程度、又は、Niよりも少ない割合で含まれる。
Li及びNi以外の金属元素は、例えば、Co、Mn、Al、Cr、Fe、V、Mg、Ca、Na、Ti、Zr、Nb、Mo、W、Cu、Zn、Ga、In、Sn、La及びCeからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種であり得る。これらの正極活物質は、単独で用いても複数を混合して用いてもよい。
リチウム含有複合酸化物(C1)は、単位体積当たりのエネルギー密度が高く、熱安定性にも優れるという利点を有する。
〔一般式(C1)中、a、b及びcは、それぞれ独立に、0超1未満であり、a、b及びcの合計は、0.99~1.00である。〕
(一般式(C2)中、tは、0.95以上1.15以下であり、xは、0以上0.3以下であり、yは、0.1以上0.2以下であり、x及びyの合計は、0.5未満である。)
また、正極合材層中の正極活物質の含有量は、例えば99.9質量%以下、好ましくは99質量%以下である。
正極合材層に含有され得るバインダーとしては、例えば、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ニトロセルロース、フッ素樹脂、ゴム粒子等が挙げられる。
フッ素樹脂としては、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)、テトラフルオロエチレン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(FEP)、フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体等が挙げられる。
ゴム粒子としては、スチレン-ブタジエンゴム粒子、アクリロニトリルゴム粒子等が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、正極合材層の耐酸化性を向上させる観点から、フッ素樹脂が好ましい。
バインダーは1種を単独で使用でき、必要に応じて2種以上を組み合わせて使用できる。
バインダーの含有量が0.1質量%以上である場合には、正極集電体に対する正極合材層の接着性、及び、正極活物質同士の結着性がより向上する。
バインダーの含有量が4質量%以下である場合には、正極合材層中における正極活物質の量をより多くすることができるので、電池容量がより向上する。
本実施形態の電池前駆体における正極が、正極集電体と正極合材層とを備える場合、正極合材層は、導電助材を含むことが好ましい。
導電助材としては、公知の導電助材を使用することができる。
公知の導電助材としては、導電性を有する炭素材料であれば特に限定されるものではないが、グラファイト、カーボンブラック、導電性炭素繊維(カーボンナノチューブ、カーボンナノファイバー、カーボンファイバー)、フラーレン等を単独で、もしくは2種類以上を併せて使用することができる。
市販のカーボンブラックとしては、例えば、トーカブラック#4300、#4400、#4500、#5500等(東海カーボン社製、ファーネスブラック)、プリンテックスL等(デグサ社製、ファーネスブラック)、Raven7000、5750、5250、5000ULTRAIII、5000ULTRA等、Conductex SC ULTRA、Conductex 975ULTRA等、PUER BLACK100、115、205等(コロンビヤン社製、ファーネスブラック)、#2350、#2400B、#2600B、#30050B、#3030B、#3230B、#3350B、#3400B、#5400B等(三菱化学社製、ファーネスブラック)、MONARCH1400、1300、900、VulcanXC-72R、BlackPearls2000、LITX-50、LITX-200等(キャボット社製、ファーネスブラック)、Ensaco250G、Ensaco260G、Ensaco350G、Super-P(TIMCAL社製)、ケッチェンブラックEC-300J、EC-600JD(アクゾ社製)、デンカブラック、デンカブラックHS-100、FX-35(電気化学工業社製、アセチレンブラック)等が挙げられる。
グラファイトとしては、例えば、人造黒鉛、天然黒鉛(例えば、燐片状黒鉛、塊状黒鉛、土状黒鉛等)等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
本実施形態の電池前駆体における正極が、正極集電体と正極合材層とを備える場合、正極合材層は、上記各成分に加えて、その他の成分を含んでいてもよい。
その他の成分としては、増粘剤、界面活性剤、分散剤、濡れ剤、消泡剤等が挙げられる。
正極集電体としては、各種のものを使用することができるが、例えばは、金属又は合金が用いられる。
正極集電体として、より具体的には、アルミニウム、ニッケル、SUS等が挙げられる。中でも、導電性の高さとコストとのバランスの観点から、アルミニウムが好ましい。ここで、「アルミニウム」は、純アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金を意味する。
正極集電体として、特に好ましくはアルミニウム箔である。
アルミニウム箔としては特に限定されないが、A1085材、A3003材、等が挙げられる。
正極合材層は、例えば、正極活物質及びバインダーを含む正極合材スラリーを正極集電体の表面に塗布し、乾燥させることによって形成できる。
正極合材スラリーに含まれる溶媒としては、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)等の有機溶媒が好ましい。
塗布方法としては、例えば、スロット・ダイコーティング、スライドコーティング、カーテンコーティング、グラビアコーティング等が挙げられる。
乾燥方法としては、温風、熱風、低湿風による乾燥;真空乾燥;赤外線(例えば遠赤外線)照射による乾燥;が挙げられる。
乾燥時間及び乾燥温度については、特に限定されないが、乾燥時間は例えば1分~30分であり、乾燥温度は例えば40℃~80℃である。
正極合材層の製造方法は、正極集電体上に正極合剤スラリーを塗布し、乾燥させた後、金型プレス、ロールプレス等を用いた加圧処理により、正極活物質層の空隙率を低くする工程を有することが好ましい。
本実施形態の電池前駆体における負極は、リチウムイオンを吸蔵及び放出可能な負極である。
本実施形態の電池前駆体における負極は、好ましくは、リチウムイオンを吸蔵及び放出可能な負極活物質を少なくとも1種含む。
本実施形態の電池前駆体における負極は、より好ましくは、負極集電体と、負極活物質及びバインダーを含有する負極合材層と、を備える。
負極合材層は、負極集電体の表面の少なくとも一部に設けられる。
負極活物質としては、リチウムイオンを吸蔵及び放出可能な物質であれば特に制限はないが、例えば、金属リチウム、リチウム含有合金、リチウムとの合金化が可能な金属もしくは合金、リチウムイオンのドープ・脱ドープが可能な酸化物、リチウムイオンのドープ・脱ドープが可能な遷移金属窒素化物、および、リチウムイオンのドープ・脱ドープが可能な炭素材料からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種(単独で用いてもよいし、これらの2種以上を含む混合物を用いてもよい)を用いることができる。
これらの中でもリチウムイオンをドープ・脱ドープすることが可能な炭素材料が好ましい。
上記炭素材料としては、カーボンブラック、活性炭、黒鉛材料(例えば、人造黒鉛、天然黒鉛等)、非晶質炭素材料、等が挙げられる。
上記炭素材料の形態は、繊維状、球状、ポテト状、フレーク状いずれの形態であってもよい。
上記炭素材料の粒径は特に限定されないが、例えば5μm~50μm、好ましくは20μm~30μmである。
人造黒鉛としては、黒鉛化MCMB、黒鉛化MCFなどが用いられる。
また、黒鉛材料としては、ホウ素を含有するものなども用いることができる。
また、黒鉛材料としては、金、白金、銀、銅、スズなどの金属で被覆したもの、非晶質炭素で被覆したもの、非晶質炭素と黒鉛を混合したものも使用することができる。
本実施形態の電池前駆体における負極が、負極集電体と負極合材層とを備える場合、負極合材層は、導電助材を含むことが好ましい。
導電助材としては、公知の導電助材を使用することができる。
負極合材層に含まれ得る導電助材の具体例は、前述した、正極合材層に含まれ得る導電助材の具体例と同様である。
本実施形態の電池前駆体における負極が、負極集電体と負極合材層とを備える場合、負極合材層は、上記各成分に加えて、その他の成分を含んでいてもよい。
その他の成分としては、増粘剤、界面活性剤、分散剤、濡れ剤、消泡剤等が挙げられる。
負極合材層は、例えば、負極活物質及びバインダーを含む負極合材スラリーを負極集電体の表面に塗布し、乾燥させることによって形成できる。
負極合材スラリーに含まれる溶媒としては、水を使用することが好ましいが、必要に応じて、例えば、集電体への塗工性向上のために、水と相溶する液状媒体を使用してもよい。
水と相溶する液状媒体としては、アルコール類、グリコール類、セロソルブ類、アミノアルコール類、アミン類、ケトン類、カルボン酸アミド類、リン酸アミド類、スルホキシド類、カルボン酸エステル類、リン酸エステル類、エーテル類、ニトリル類等が挙げられ、水と相溶する範囲で使用してもよい。
本実施形態の電池前駆体におけるセパレータとしては、例えば、ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリプロピレン(PP)、ポリエステル、セルロース、ポリアミド等の樹脂を含む多孔質の平板が挙げられる。また、セパレータとしては、上記樹脂を含む不織布も挙げられる。
好適例として、一種または二種以上のポリオレフィン樹脂を主体に構成された単層または多層構造の多孔性樹脂シートが挙げられる。
セパレータの厚みは、例えば5μm~30μmとすることができる。
セパレータは、好ましくは、正極と負極との間に配置される。
本実施形態の電池前駆体における電解液は、前述した本実施形態の非水電解液である。
本実施形態の非水電解液の好ましい態様は前述したとおりである。
本実施形態の電池前駆体を製造する方法には特に限定はない。
本実施形態の電池前駆体を製造する方法の一例は、ケースに、正極、負極、セパレータ、及び電解液を収容する工程を含む。
上記一例は、好ましくは、
ケースに、正極、負極、及びセパレータを収容する工程と、
正極、負極、及びセパレータが収容されたケースに、電解液を注入する工程と、
を含む。
本開示のリチウム二次電池は、種々公知の形状をとることができ、円筒型、コイン型、角型、ラミネート型、フィルム型その他任意の形状に形成することができる。しかし、電池の基本構造は、形状によらず同じであり、目的に応じて設計変更を施すことができる。
図1は、本開示のリチウム二次電池の一例であるラミネート型電池の一例を示す概略斜視図であり、図2は、図1に示すラミネート型電池に収容される積層型電極体の厚さ方向の概略断面図である。
図1に示すラミネート型電池は、内部に非水電解液(図1中では不図示)及び積層型電極体(図1中では不図示)が収納され、且つ、周縁部が封止されることにより内部が密閉されたラミネート外装体1を備える。ラミネート外装体1としては、例えばアルミニウム製のラミネート外装体が用いられる。
ラミネート外装体1に収容される積層型電極体は、図2に示されるように、正極板5と負極板6とがセパレータ7を介して交互に積層されてなる積層体と、この積層体の周囲を囲むセパレータ8と、を備える。正極板5、負極板6、セパレータ7、及びセパレータ8には、本開示の非水電解液が含浸されている。
上記積層型電極体における複数の正極板5は、いずれも正極タブを介して正極端子2と電気的に接続されており(不図示)、この正極端子2の一部が上記ラミネート外装体1の周端部から外側に突出している(図1)。ラミネート外装体1の周端部において正極端子2が突出する部分は、絶縁シール4によってシールされている。
同様に、上記積層型電極体における複数の負極板6は、いずれも負極タブを介して負極端子3と電気的に接続されており(不図示)、この負極端子3の一部が上記ラミネート外装体1の周端部から外側に突出している(図1)。ラミネート外装体1の周端部において負極端子3が突出する部分は、絶縁シール4によってシールされている。
なお、上記一例に係るラミネート型電池では、正極板5の数が5枚、負極板6の数が6枚となっており、正極板5と負極板6とがセパレータ7を介し、両側の最外層がいずれも負極板6となる配置で積層されている。しかし、ラミネート型電池における、正極板の数、負極板の数、及び配置については、この一例には限定されず、種々の変更がなされてもよいことは言うまでもない。
図3は、本開示のリチウム二次電池の別の一例であるコイン型電池の一例を示す概略斜視図である。
図3に示すコイン型電池では、円盤状負極12、非水電解液を注入したセパレータ15、円盤状正極11、必要に応じて、ステンレス、又はアルミニウムなどのスペーサー板17、18が、この順序に積層された状態で、正極缶13(以下、「電池缶」ともいう)と封口板14(以下、「電池缶蓋」ともいう)との間に収納される。正極缶13と封口板14とはガスケット16を介してかしめ密封する。
この一例では、セパレータ15に注入される非水電解液として、本開示の非水電解液を用いる。
即ち、本開示のリチウム二次電池は、まず、負極と、正極と、上記本開示の非水電解液と、を含む充放電前のリチウム二次電池を作製し、次いで、この充放電前のリチウム二次電池を1回以上充放電させることによって作製されたリチウム二次電池(充放電されたリチウム二次電池)であってもよい。
本開示の実施形態に係るリチウム二次電池の製造方法(以下、「本実施形態の電池の製造方法」ともいう)は、
本実施形態の電池前駆体を準備する工程(以下、「準備工程」ともいう)と、
電池前駆体に対してエージング処理を施すことにより、リチウム二次電池を得る工程(以下、「エージング工程」ともいう)と、
を含み、
エージング処理は、電池前駆体に対し、20℃~60℃の環境下で、充電及び放電を施すことを含むリチウム二次電池の製造方法である。
電池前駆体を20℃~60℃の環境下で保持する初期保持フェーズと、
初期保持フェーズ後の電池前駆体を、20℃~60℃の環境下で充電する初期充電フェーズと、
初期充電フェーズ後の電池前駆体を、20℃~60℃の環境下で保持する第2保持フェーズと、
第2保持フェーズ後の電池前駆体に対し、20℃~60℃の環境下で、充電及び放電の組み合わせを1回以上施す充放電フェーズと、
を含む。
本実施形態の電池における非水電解液は、ホウ酸リチウム化合物を含有していても構わない。
例えば、本実施形態の電池の製造方法によって本実施形態の電池を製造した場合、エージング処理により、ホウ酸リチウム化合物が完全に消費されていてもよいし、ホウ酸リチウム化合物の一部が残存していてもよい。
本開示のリチウム二次電池用添加剤、本開示のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液、本開示のリチウム二次電池前駆体、本開示のリチウム二次電池の製造方法、及び本開示のリチウム二次電池は、特に、ハイブリッド自動車又は電気自動車に対して特に好適に用いられるものである。
(1)第一の反応工程
撹拌装置、温度計、ガス導入ライン、排気ライン、及び滴下装入管を備えた100mLのフラスコを準備した。上記100mLのフラスコを乾燥窒素ガスでパージした後、フッ化カリウム2.91g(0.05mol)と、ホウ酸トリメチル5.20g(0.05mol)と、テトラヒドロフラン50gとを入れ、攪拌混合してスラリーを得た。スラリーを攪拌しながら滴下装入管から(トリフルオロメチル)トリメチルシラン7.11g(0.05mol)を滴下して加え、室温(25℃)で24時間攪拌を継続した。上記反応後の反応溶液は、反応開始前のスラリーから、均一な溶液へと変化した。この溶液を濾過してゴミを除いた濾液を、60℃、10kPa以下の条件で乾燥させることにより、固体の生成物9.86gを得た。
11B-NMR:-2.2ppm(m)。
19F-NMR:-74.7ppm(m)。
前記反応中間体8.48g(0.04mol)を元の反応フラスコにメタノール50gと共に入れ、次いでここに塩化リチウム1.70g(0.04mol)を入れ、攪拌混合して均一な溶液を得た。その後、この溶液を65℃に加熱し、溶媒還流状態で1時間撹拌した。この工程によって得られた反応溶液は、均一な溶液から、固体塩が析出したスラリーに変化した。このスラリーを濾過して、固体を除いた濾液を、60℃、10kPa以下の条件で乾燥させることにより、白色結晶固体の生成物6.51gを得た。
7Li-NMR: 2.9ppm(s)。
11B-NMR:-2.0ppm(m)。
19F-NMR:-74.7ppm(m)。
実施例1における第二の反応工程を、下記に示す方法とした以外は、実施例1と同様の手法により合成を行った。
前記反応中間体8.48g(0.04mol)を元の反応フラスコにエタノール60gと共に入れ、次いでここに塩化リチウム1.70g(0.04mol)を入れ攪拌混合して均一な溶液を得た。その後、この溶液を80℃に加熱し、溶媒還流状態で1時間撹拌した。この工程によって得られた反応溶液は、均一な溶液から、固体塩が析出したスラリーに変化した。このスラリーを濾過して、固体を除いた濾液を、60℃、10kPa以下の条件で乾燥させることにより、白色結晶固体の生成物6.83gを得た。
7Li-NMR: 2.9ppm(s)。
11B-NMR:-2.2ppm(m)。
19F-NMR:-74.7ppm(m)。
実施例1における第二の反応工程を、下記に示す方法とした以外は、実施例1と同様の手法により合成を行った。
前記反応中間体8.48g(0.04mol)を元の反応フラスコにイソプロパノール80gと共に入れ、次いでここに塩化リチウム1.70g(0.04mol)を入れ攪拌混合して均一な溶液を得た。その後この溶液を85℃に加熱し、溶媒還流状態で1時間撹拌した。この工程によって得られた反応液は、均一な溶液から、固体塩が析出したスラリーに変化した。このスラリーを濾過して、固体を除いた濾液を、60℃、10kPa以下の条件で乾燥させることにより、白色結晶固体の生成物7.04gを得た。
7Li-NMR: 2.9ppm(s)。
11B-NMR:-2.0ppm(m)。
19F-NMR:-74.7ppm(m)。
実施例1における第二の反応工程を、下記に示す合成方法とした以外は、実施例1と同様の手法により合成を行った。
前記反応中間体6.36g(0.03mol)を元の反応フラスコにn-ブタノール80gと共に入れ、次いでここに塩化リチウム1.23g(0.03mol)を入れ攪拌混合して均一な溶液を得た。その後この溶液を85℃に加熱し、この温度で1時間撹拌した。この工程によって得られた反応液は、均一な溶液から、固体塩が析出したスラリーに変化した。このスラリーを濾過して、固体を除いた濾液を、80℃、10kPa以下の条件で乾燥させることにより、白色結晶固体の生成物8.36gを得た。
7Li-NMR: 2.9ppm(s)。
11B-NMR:-2.0ppm(m)。
19F-NMR:-74.7ppm(m)。
以下の手順にて、図3に示す構成を有するコイン型のリチウム二次電池(以下、「コイン型電池」とも称する)を作製した。
アモルファスコート天然黒鉛(97質量部)、カルボキシメチルセルロース(1質量部)及びSBRラテックス(2質量部)を水溶媒で混錬してペースト状の負極合剤スラリーを調製した。
次に、この負極合剤スラリーを厚さ10μmの帯状銅箔製の負極集電体に塗布し乾燥した後に、ロールプレスで圧縮して負極集電体と負極活物質層とからなるシート状の負極を得た。このときの負極活物質層の塗布密度は10mg/cm2であり、充填密度は1.5g/mlであった。
LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2(90質量部)、アセチレンブラック(5質量部)及びポリフッ化ビニリデン(5質量部)を、N-メチルピロリジノンを溶媒として混錬してペースト状の正極合剤スラリーを調製した。
次に、この正極合剤スラリーを厚さ20μmの帯状アルミ箔の正極集電体に塗布し乾燥した後に、ロールプレスで圧縮して正極集電体と正極活物質層とからなるシート状の正極を得た。このときの正極活物質層の塗布密度は16mg/cm2であり、充填密度は2.5g/mlであった。
非水溶媒として、エチレンカーボネート(EC)とジメチルカーボネート(DMC)とメチルエチルカーボネート(EMC)とをそれぞれ30:35:35(体積比)の割合で混合し、混合溶媒を得た。
得られた混合溶媒中に、電解質としてのLiPF6を、最終的に調製される非水電解液中における電解質濃度が1.2モル/リットルとなるように溶解させた。
得られた溶液に対し、ホウ酸リチウム化合物(II)を、表1に示す添加量にて添加して溶解させ、非水電解液を得た。
上述の負極を直径14mmで、上述の正極を直径13mmで、それぞれ円盤状に打ち抜き、コイン状の負極及びコイン状の正極をそれぞれ得た。また、厚さ20μmの微多孔性ポリエチレンフィルムを直径17mmの円盤状に打ち抜き、セパレータを得た。
得られたコイン状の負極、セパレータ、及びコイン状の正極を、この順序でステンレス製の電池缶(2032サイズ)内に積層し、次いで、この電池缶内に、上述の非水電解液20μLを注入し、セパレータと正極と負極とに含漬させた。
次に、正極上にアルミニウム製の板(厚さ1.2mm、直径16mm)及びバネを乗せ、ポリプロピレン製のガスケットを介して、電池缶蓋をかしめることにより電池を密封した。
以上により、直径20mm、高さ3.2mmの図3で示す構成を有するコイン型電池(即ち、コイン型のリチウム二次電池)を得た。
非水電解液に含まれる添加剤の種類を表1に示すように変更した以外は、実施例101と同様にリチウム二次電池を作製して、実施例101と同様に下記の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
評価結果を表1に示す。
実施例101~104、並びに、比較例101の電池について、それぞれ、電池の内部抵抗の評価として、直流抵抗の評価を行った。
以下、詳細を示す。
コイン型電池を定電圧4.2Vで充放電を3回繰り返した後、定電圧3.6Vまで充電し、次いで、該充電後のコイン型電池を恒温槽内で25℃に冷却し、25℃において0.2mA定電流で放電し、放電開始から10秒間における電位低下を測定することにより、コイン型電池の直流抵抗[Ω]を測定し、得られた値を初期抵抗[Ω](25℃)とした。後述の比較例101のコイン型電池についても同様にして、初期抵抗値[Ω](25℃)を測定した。
これらの結果から、下記式により、比較例101での初期抵抗値[Ω](25℃)を100%としたときの実施例101での初期抵抗値(相対値;%)として、「初期抵抗(25℃)(相対値;%)」を求めた。結果を表1に示す。
=(実施例101での初期抵抗値[Ω](25℃)/比較例101での初期抵抗値[Ω](25℃))×100
コイン型電池を定電圧4.2Vで充放電を3回繰り返した後、4.2Vまで充電し、60℃で6日間保存した。6日間保存した後の電池について、上記の初期抵抗と同様の方法により直流抵抗を求め、得られた直流抵抗の値を、電池の保存6日間後の直流抵抗とした。
表1では、比較例101における初期の直流抵抗を100として示し、そのうえで保存6日間後の直流抵抗の上記相対値(即ち、比較例101における初期の直流抵抗を100とした場合の相対値)を示した。
非水電解液に含まれる添加剤の種類及びその含有量を表2に示すように変更した以外は、実施例101と同様にリチウム二次電池を作製した。
評価結果を表2に示す。
各例で得られた電池について、それぞれ、サイクル後の電池の内部抵抗の評価として、直流抵抗の評価を行った。以下、詳細を示す。
電池を、充電レート0.2CにてSOC80%まで充電させた後、放電レート1CにてSOC20%まで放電させるサイクルを、0サイクル、100サイクル、及び200サイクルで行った。
各サイクル後に得られた電池について、次に示す方法により直流抵抗(Ω)を測定した。比較例101における電池の0サイクル後(つまり、初期)の直流抵抗の値を100とした場合の相対値を求めた。結果を表2に示す。
コイン型電池を定電圧4.2Vで充放電を3回繰り返した後、定電圧3.6Vまで充電し、次いで、該充電後のコイン型電池を恒温槽内で-20℃に冷却し、-20℃において0.2mA定電流で放電し、放電開始から10秒間における電位低下を測定することにより、コイン型電池の直流抵抗[Ω]を測定し、得られた値を0サイクル後の抵抗(「初期抵抗[Ω](-20℃)」ともいう。)とした。後述の比較例101のコイン型電池についても同様にして、初期抵抗[Ω](-20℃)を測定した。
これらの結果から、下記式により、比較例101での初期抵抗[Ω](-20℃)を100%としたときの実施例101での初期抵抗値(相対値;%)として、「初期抵抗(-20℃)(相対値;%)」を求めた。結果を表2に示す。
=(実施例101での初期抵抗値[Ω](-20℃)/比較例101での初期抵抗値[Ω](-20℃))×100
非水電解液に含まれるホウ酸リチウム化合物の種類及び含有量を表3に示すようにすると共に、非水電解液に含まれるビニレンカーボネートを表3に示す含有量として非水電解液を調製した以外は、実施例101と同様にリチウム二次電池を作製した。
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、及び技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、及び技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書中に参照により取り込まれる。
Claims (13)
- 前記R10が、フッ素原子、炭素数1~3のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、炭素数1~3のパーフルオロアルキル基である請求項1に記載のホウ酸リチウム化合物。
- 前記R10が、トリフルオロメチル基である請求項1または請求項2に記載のホウ酸リチウム化合物。
- 前記R1、前記R2及び前記R3が、各々独立に、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、ビニル基、アリル基、エチニル基、フェニル基、又は4-フルオロフェニル基である請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載のホウ酸リチウム化合物。
- 請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のホウ酸リチウム化合物を含むリチウム二次電池用添加剤。
- フッ素を含むリチウム塩である電解質と、
非水溶媒と、
請求項1~請求項6のいずれか1項に記載のホウ酸リチウム化合物と、
を含有するリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。 - 前記ホウ酸リチウム化合物の含有量が、リチウム二次電池用非水電解液の全量に対し、0.1質量%~5.0質量%である請求項7に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
- 更に、不飽和結合を有する環状炭酸エステルを含有する請求項7又は請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
- 前記不飽和結合を有する環状炭酸エステルがビニレンカーボネートである請求項9に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
- 前記ホウ酸リチウム化合物の含有質量に対する前記ビニレンカーボネートの含有質量の比が、0.1~10の範囲にある請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
- ケースと、
前記ケースに収容された、正極、負極、セパレータ、及び電解液と、
を備え、
前記正極が、リチウムイオンを吸蔵及び放出可能な正極であり、
前記負極が、リチウムイオンを吸蔵及び放出可能な負極であり、
前記電解液が、請求項7~請求項11のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液であるリチウム二次電池前駆体。 - 請求項12に記載のリチウム二次電池前駆体を準備する工程と、
前記リチウム二次電池前駆体に対してエージング処理を施すことにより、リチウム二次電池を得る工程と、
を含み、
前記エージング処理は、前記リチウム二次電池前駆体に対し、20℃~60℃の環境下で、充電及び放電を施すことを含むリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
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EP20769134.6A EP3939982A4 (en) | 2019-03-14 | 2020-03-12 | LITHIUM BORATE COMPOUND, LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY ADDITIVE, ANHYDROUS ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION FOR LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY, LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY PRECURSOR AND LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
CN202080020059.0A CN113557238A (zh) | 2019-03-14 | 2020-03-12 | 硼酸锂化合物、锂二次电池用添加剂、锂二次电池用非水电解液、锂二次电池前体、及锂二次电池的制造方法 |
US17/438,629 US20220231336A1 (en) | 2019-03-14 | 2020-03-12 | Lithium borate compound, additive for lithium secondary battery, nonaqueous electrolytic solution for lithium secondary battery, precursor for lithium secondary battery, and production method for lithium secondary battery |
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