JP5387404B2 - 二次電池電極用バインダー、二次電池電極および二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池電極用バインダー、二次電池電極および二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5387404B2 JP5387404B2 JP2009507549A JP2009507549A JP5387404B2 JP 5387404 B2 JP5387404 B2 JP 5387404B2 JP 2009507549 A JP2009507549 A JP 2009507549A JP 2009507549 A JP2009507549 A JP 2009507549A JP 5387404 B2 JP5387404 B2 JP 5387404B2
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- secondary battery
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- electrode
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- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002019 disulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940060296 dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001651 emery Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BNKAXGCRDYRABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OC=C BNKAXGCRDYRABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
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- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N fumaric acid monomethyl ester Natural products COC(=O)C=CC(O)=O NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropanol acetate Natural products CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940011051 isopropyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M isovalerate Chemical compound CC(C)CC([O-])=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940095102 methyl benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-IHWYPQMZSA-N methyl hydrogen fumarate Chemical compound COC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)NCO DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOZHLACIXDCHPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound COCNC(=O)C(C)=C YOZHLACIXDCHPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULYOZOPEFCQZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(methoxymethyl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound COCNC(=O)C=C ULYOZOPEFCQZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000652 nickel hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC=C UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- UOUAODFZKFGFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-sulfonic acid;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CCCS(O)(=O)=O UOUAODFZKFGFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILVGAIQLOCKNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)O ILVGAIQLOCKNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)C=C ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003952 β-lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
- C08F220/1804—C4-(meth)acrylate, e.g. butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate or tert-butyl (meth)acrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
- C08F220/1808—C8-(meth)acrylate, e.g. isooctyl (meth)acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C09D133/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing halogen, nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen atoms in addition to the carboxy oxygen
- C09D133/16—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters containing halogen atoms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Description
(1)下記一般式(I)で表されるフッ素原子含有単量体を含有する単量体組成物を重合してなる、重量平均分子量が5000〜2500000の重合体からなる二次電池電極用バインダー。
(2)前記重合体に含まれる前記一般式(I)で表される単量体由来の構成単量体単位の割合が1〜100重量%である(1)記載の二次電池電極用バインダー。
(3)前記単量体組成物が、さらにエチレン性不飽和カルボン酸エステル単量体を含む(1)または(2)に記載の二次電池用バインダー。
(4)前記(1)〜(3)のいずれかに記載の二次電池電極用バインダーを有機溶媒に溶解させてなる二次電池電極用バインダー組成物。
(5)前記(4)記載のバインダー組成物と正極活物質または負極活物質とを有する二次電池電極用スラリー。
(6)前記(1)〜(3)のいずれかに記載の二次電池電極用バインダーと、正極活物質または負極活物質とからなる活物質層が集電体に付着してなる二次電池電極。
(7)前記(6)記載の二次電池電極を有する二次電池。
1.バインダー
本発明の二次電池電極用バインダーは、下記一般式(I)で表されるフッ素原子含有単量体由来の構成単量体単位を含有する重合体からなるものである。
CnF2n+1C2X4−(nは4〜16、好ましくは5〜15の整数であり、Xは水素またはフッ素である)で表される2−(パーフルオロアルキル)エチル基があげられる。2−(パーフルオロアルキル)エチル基としては、
2−(パーフルオロブチル)エチル基、2−(パーフルオロペンチル)基、2−(パーフルオロヘキシル)エチル基、2−(パーフルオロヘプチル)エチル基、2−(パーフルオロオクチル)エチル基、2−(パーフルオロノニル)エチル基、2−(パーフルオロデシル)エチル基、2−(パーフルオロドデシル)エチル基、2−(パーフルオロテトラデシル)エチル基、2−(パーフルオロヘキサデシル)エチル基等があげられる。
これらの中でもアクリル酸、メタクリル酸などの不飽和モノカルボン酸や、マレイン酸、イタコン酸などの炭素数5以下の不飽和ジカルボン酸が好ましい。
本発明の二次電池電極用バインダー組成物は、本発明のバインダーを形成する重合体が有機溶媒に溶解されてなり、該組成物中の重合体含有量は、好ましくは0.2〜70重量%、より好ましくは0.5〜60重量%、特に好ましくは0.5〜50重量%、最も好ましくは2〜35重量%である。
メチルエチルエーテル、ジエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサンなどのエーテル類;γ−ブチロラクトン、δ−ブチロラクトンなどのラクトン類;N−メチルピロリドン、β−ラクタムなどのラクタム類;ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミドなどのアミド類;メチレンシアノヒドリン、エチレンシアノヒドリン、3,3'−チオジプロピオニトリル、アセトニトリルなどのニトリル基含有化合物類;ピリジン、ピロールなどの含窒素複素環系化合物;エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコールなどのグリコール類;ジエチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールエチルブチルエーテルなどのジエチレングリコール類;ギ酸エチル、乳酸エチル、乳酸プロピル、安息香酸メチル、酢酸メチル、アクリル酸メチルなどのエステル類などが例示され、このほかラッカー、ガソリン、ナフサ、ケロシンなどの混合物を用いることができる。
これらの添加剤は、バインダー組成物に添加する方法以外に、後述する本発明の二次電池電極用スラリーに添加することもできる。
上記のバインダー組成物は、電極活物質や添加剤と共に混合して二次電池電極用スラリーとされる。二次電池電極用スラリーは、集電体に塗布して電極を製造するためのものである。
本発明の二次電池電極は、金属箔などの集電体に本発明の二次電池電極用スラリーを付着させたものである。かかる二次電池電極の製造法としては、例えば、上記のスラリーを集電体に塗布し、乾燥する方法などがあげられる。電極には、電極活物質が集電体表面に形成されたバインダー中に分散して固定される。
本発明の二次電池は、上記の本発明の二次電池電極を有する二次電池である。より詳細には、上記の二次電池電極および電解液と、従来公知のセパレータおよび電池容器等の部品とを組み合わせて得られる。具体的な製造方法としては、例えば、正極と負極とをセパレータを介して重ね合わせ、これを電池形状に応じて巻く、折るなどして電池容器に入れ、電池容器に電解液を注入して封口する方法が挙げられる。また必要に応じてエキスパンドメタルや、ヒューズ、PTC素子などの過電流防止素子、リード板などを入れ、電池内部の圧力上昇、過充放電の防止をする事もできる。電池の形状は、コイン型、ボタン型、シート型、円筒型、角形、扁平型など何れであってもよい。
以下に、実施例を挙げて本発明を説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。尚、本実施例における部および%は、特記しない限り重量基準である。
実施例及び比較例中の評価は以下の条件にて行う。
実施例および比較例で調製した重合体液(比較例5では重合体分散液)を重合体固形分換算で2部、正極活物質として平均粒径10μmのLICoO2粉末100部および導電材としてアセチレンブラック2部を混合し、NMP(N−メチルピロリドン)を溶媒として30部加えてプラネタリーミキサーで混合して電極用スラリーを得る。この電極用スラリーを厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔にドクターブレード法によって均一に塗布し、120℃、15分間乾燥機で乾燥する。次いで2軸のロールプレスで圧縮し、さらに真空乾燥機にて0.6kPa、250℃で10時間減圧乾燥して活物質層の厚みが110μmの正極用電極(正極)を得る。
得られるコイン型電池を用いて、それぞれ20℃で0.1Cの定電流で4.3Vまで充電し、0.1Cの定電流で3.0Vまで放電する充放電サイクルを行う。充放電サイクルは100サイクルまで行い、初期放電容量に対する100サイクル目の放電容量の比を容量維持率とし、下記の基準で判定する。この値が大きいほど繰り返し充放電による容量減が少ないことを示す。
A:80%以上
B:75%以上80%未満
C:70%以上75%未満
D:60%以上70%未満
E:60%未満
測定条件を、定電流量2.0Cに変更するほかは、充放電サイクル特性の測定と同様にして、各定電流量における放電容量を測定する。0.1Cでの電池容量に対する2.0Cでの放電容量の割合を百分率で算出して充放電レート特性とし、下記の基準で判定する。この値が大きいほど、内部抵抗が小さく、高速充放電が可能であることを示す。
A:60%以上
B:55%以上60%未満
C:50%以上55%未満
D:50%未満
コイン型電池製造後、電位を測定し、電位が3V未満のものをショートとみなし、ショートした電池の数を下記の基準で判定する。なお、サンプル数は10個である。
A:0個
B:1個
C:2個
D:3個以上
電極スラリーの粒度をJIS K5600−2−5:1999に準拠したゲージ(粒ゲージ)により次のように求める。ゲージ上に観察される筋の発生点のうち3番目に大きい値を読み取る。測定を6回行い、測定された平均値を粒度とし下記の基準で判定する。粒度が小さいほど活物質と導電材の分散性が良好であることを示す。
A:25μ未満
B:25μ以上35μ未満
C:35μ以上50μ未満
D:50μ以上
電極を幅3cm×長さ9cmの矩形に切って試験片とする。試験片の集電体側の面を下にして机上に置き、長さ方向の中央(端部から4.5cmの位置)、集電体側の面に直径1mmのステンレス棒を短手方向に横たえて設置する。このステンレス棒を中心にして試験片を活物質層が外側になるように180°折り曲げる。10枚の試験片について試験し、各試験片の活物質層の折り曲げた部分について、ひび割れまたは剥がれの有無を観察し、下記の基準により判定する。ひび割れまたは剥がれが少ないほど、電極が柔軟性に優れることを示す。
A:10枚中全てにひび割れまたは剥がれがみられない
B:10枚中1〜3枚にひび割れまたは剥がれがみられる
C:10枚中4〜9枚にひび割れまたは剥がれがみられる
D:10枚中全てにひび割れまたは剥がれがみられる
電極を幅2.5cm×長さ10cmの矩形に切って試験片とし、活物質層面を上にして固定する。試験片の活物質層表面にセロハンテープを貼り付けた後、試験片の一端からセロハンテープを50mm/分の速度で180°方向に引き剥がしたときの応力を測定する。測定を10回行い、その平均値を求めて、これをピール強度とし、下記の基準で判定する。ピール強度が大きいほど活物質層の集電体への結着力が大きいことを示す。
A:0.65N/cm以上
B:0.50N/cm以上0.65N/cm未満
C:0.40N/cm以上0.50N/cm未満
D:0.20N/cm以上0.40N/cm未満
E:0.20N/cm未満
ガラス製反応器にトルエン200部、重合開始剤として2,2'−アゾビスイソブチロニトリル0.1部、アクリル酸2−(パーフルオロテトラドデシル)エチル40部、2−エチルへキシルアクリレート60部を入れ、十分に窒素置換した後、80℃に加温し重合を開始する。5時間後に冷却して反応を止め、重合体のトルエン溶液を得る。前記重合体の重量平均分子量は120000である。
アクリル酸2−(パーフルオロテトラドデシル)エチルに代えて、アクリル酸2−(パーフルオロオクチル)エチル10部を用い、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレートに代えてブチルアクリレート90部を使用する以外は実施例1と同様の条件で重合を行い、重合体のトルエン溶液を得た。なお、前記重合体の重量平均分子量は200000であった。前記重合体液を用いて、実施例1と同様の実験を行う。結果を表1に示す。
アクリル酸2−(パーフルオロテトラドデシル)エチルに代えて、アクリル酸2−(パーフルオロヘキシル)エチル10部を使用し、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート60部に代えて2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート90部を使用する以外は実施例1と同様の条件で重合を行い、重合体のトルエン溶液を得た。なお、得られた重合体の重量平均分子量は200000である。重合体液を用いて、実施例1と同様の実験を行う。結果を表1に示す。
アクリル酸2−(パーフルオロテトラドデシル)エチルに代えて、アクリル酸2−(パーフルオロヘキサデシル)エチル10部を使用し、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート60部に代えて2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート90部を使用する以外は実施例1と同様の条件で重合を行い、重合体のトルエン溶液を得る。なお、重合体の重量平均分子量は100000である。前記重合体液を用いて、実施例1と同様の実験を行う。結果を表1に示す。
アクリル酸2−(パーフルオロテトラドデシル)エチルに代えて、アクリル酸2−(パーフルオロオクチル)エチル10部を用い、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート60部に代えて2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート80部及びアクリロニトリル10部を使用する以外は実施例1と同様の条件で重合を行い、重合体のトルエン溶液を得る。なお、重合体の重量平均分子量は180000であった。前記重合体液を用いて、実施例1と同様の実験を行う。結果を表1に示す。
アクリル酸2−(パーフルオロテトラドデシル)エチルに代えて、アクリル酸2−(パーフルオロオクチル)エチル10部を用い、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート60部に代えて2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート87部及びグリシジルメタクリレート3部を使用する以外は実施例1と同様の条件で重合を行い、重合体のトルエン溶液を得た。この重合体液を用いて、実施例1と同様の実験を行う。結果を表1に示す。
アクリル酸2−(パーフルオロテトラドデシル)エチルに代えて、アクリル酸2−(パーフルオロヘキシル)エチル60部を用い、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート60部に代えてブチルアクリレート40部を使用する以外は実施例1と同様の条件で重合を行い、重合体のトルエン溶液を得る。この重合体液を用いて、実施例1と同様の実験を行う。結果を表1に示す。
アクリル酸2−(パーフルオロテトラドデシル)エチルに代えて、アクリル酸2−(パーフルオロヘキサデシル)エチル3部を用い、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート60部に代えてブチルアクリレート97部を使用する以外は実施例1と同様の条件で重合を行い、重合体のトルエン溶液を得る。この重合体液を用いて、実施例1と同様の実験を行う。結果を表1に示す。
実施例2で調製した重合体液を重合体固形分換算で2部、負極活物質として平均粒子径24.5μmの人造黒鉛100質量部を入れ、プラネタリーミキサーで混合して電極用スラリーを得る。この電極用スラリーを厚さ18μmの銅箔にドクターブレード法によって均一に塗布し、50℃で20分乾燥後、110℃で20分加熱処理する。次いで2軸のロールプレスで圧縮し、さらに真空乾燥機にて0.6kPa、250℃で10時間減圧乾燥して活物質層の厚みが100μmの負極用電極(負極)を得る。
ここで得られる電極スラリー及びコイン型電池について、実施例1と同様の実験を行う。評価結果を表1に示す。
アクリル酸2−(パーフルオロテトラドデシル)エチルを用いずに、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレートのみを100部使用する以外は実施例1と同様の条件で重合を行い、重合体のトルエン溶液を得た。なお、得られた重合体の重量平均分子量は170000であった。得られた重合体液を用いて、実施例1と同様の実験を行う。結果を表1に示す。
アクリル酸2−(パーフルオロテトラドデシル)エチルに代えて、アクリル酸2−(パーフルオロエチル)エチル30部を用い、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレートに代えてブチルアクリレート70部を使用する以外は実施例1と同様の条件で重合を行い、重合体のトルエン溶液を得る。なお、前記重合体の重量平均分子量は180000であった。前記重合体液を用いて、実施例1と同様の実験を行う。結果を表1に示す。
アクリル酸2−(パーフルオロテトラドデシル)エチルに代えて、アクリル酸2−(パーフルオロオクタデシル)エチル20部を用い、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレートに代えてブチルアクリレート80部を使用する以外は実施例1と同様の条件で重合を行い、重合体のトルエン溶液を得る。なお、前記重合体の重量平均分子量は90000であった。前記重合体液を用いて、実施例1と同様の実験を行う。結果を表1に示す。
アクリル酸2−(パーフルオロテトラドデシル)エチルに代えて、アクリル酸2−(パーフルオロエチル)エチル10部を用い、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレートに代えてブチルアクリレート90部を使用する以外は実施例1と同様の条件で重合を行い、重合体のトルエン溶液を得る。なお、前記重合体の重量平均分子量は150000である。前記重合体液を用いて、実施例1と同様の実験を行う。結果を表1に示す。
攪拌機付き反応容器にイオン交換水1000部、単量体としてアクリル酸2−(パーフルオロオクチル)エチル10部2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート90部、架橋剤としてクメンハイドロパーオキシド5部、乳化剤としてドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム5部、および重合開始剤として過硫酸カリウム5部を入れ、十分攪拌した後、80℃に加温し重合した。単量体の消費量が99.0%となった時点で冷却して反応を止め、水に分散した粒子状態のアクリル酸2−(パーフルオロオクチル)エチル/2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート共重合体の水分散物を得た。なお、得られる重合体はゲル状であり、重量平均分子量は測定不能であった。前記水分散物と3倍重量のN−メチルピロリドンとを混合し、エバポレーターで水を蒸発させ、重合体の10%N−メチルピロリドン分散体を得た。この分散体を用いて、上記の方法で電極スラリーおよび電池を作製する。評価結果を表1に示す。
重合体液として、比較例1で調整した重合体液を用いる以外は、実施例9と同様にして、電極用スラリー及びコイン型電池を作製する。ここで得られる電極スラリー及びコイン型電池について、実施例1と同様の実験を行う。評価結果を表1に示す。
Claims (4)
- 請求項1に記載の二次電池電極用バインダー組成物と正極活物質または負極活物質とを有する二次電池電極用スラリー。
- 請求項1に記載の二次電池電極用バインダー組成物と、正極活物質または負極活物質とからなる活物質層が集電体に付着してなる二次電池電極。
- 請求項3に記載の二次電池電極を有する二次電池。
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US20100112441A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
JPWO2008120786A1 (ja) | 2010-07-15 |
WO2008120786A1 (ja) | 2008-10-09 |
CN101652884A (zh) | 2010-02-17 |
CN101652884B (zh) | 2013-05-15 |
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