JP5259721B2 - 電池用セパレータおよびそれを用いた非水電解液電池 - Google Patents
電池用セパレータおよびそれを用いた非水電解液電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5259721B2 JP5259721B2 JP2010526875A JP2010526875A JP5259721B2 JP 5259721 B2 JP5259721 B2 JP 5259721B2 JP 2010526875 A JP2010526875 A JP 2010526875A JP 2010526875 A JP2010526875 A JP 2010526875A JP 5259721 B2 JP5259721 B2 JP 5259721B2
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Images
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Description
ここで、前記式(1)中、ai:質量%で表した成分iの比率、ρi:成分iの密度(g/cm3)、m:セパレータの単位面積あたりの質量(g/cm2)、t:セパレータの厚み(cm)である。
<セパレータの作製>
水1000g中に、耐熱性微粒子である板状ベーマイト(D50:1μm、アスペクト比:10)1000gと、分散剤であるポリアクリル酸アンモニウム(ベーマイト100質量部に対して1質量部)とを添加し、卓上ボールミルで6日間分散させた後、樹脂バインダである自己架橋性のアクリル樹脂(アクリル酸ブチルを主成分とし、セパレータの製造過程において架橋構造を形成し得る自己架橋性のアクリル樹脂)エマルジョン(自己架橋性のアクリル樹脂量が、ベーマイト100質量部に対して3質量部)を添加し、更に、増粘剤であるN−ビニルアセトアミドの共重合体水溶液(N−ビニルアセトアミドの共重合体が、ベーマイト100質量部に対して1質量部)を添加し、スリーワンモーターを用いて1時間攪拌させて分散させ、均一なスラリー(耐熱多孔質層形成用組成物)を調製した。
負極活物質である黒鉛:95質量部と、バインダであるPVDF:5質量部とを、NMPを溶剤として均一になるように混合して負極合剤含有ペーストを調製した。この負極合剤含有ペーストを、銅箔からなる厚さ10μmの集電体の両面に、塗布長が表面320mm、裏面260mmになるように間欠塗布し、乾燥した後、カレンダー処理を行って全厚が142μmになるように負極合剤層の厚みを調整し、長さ330mm、幅45mmになるように切断して負極を作製した。更に、この負極の集電体の露出部にタブを溶接してリード部を形成した。
正極活物質であるLiCoO2:85質量部、導電助剤であるアセチレンブラック:10質量部、およびバインダであるPVDF:5質量部を、NMPを分散媒として均一になるように混合して、正極合剤含有ペーストを調製した。このペーストを、集電体となる厚さ15μmのアルミニウム箔の両面に、塗布長が表面320mm、裏面260mmになるように間欠塗布し、乾燥した後、カレンダー処理を行って、全厚が150μmになるように正極合剤層の厚みを調整し、長さが330mm、幅が43mmになるように切断して正極を作製した。更に、この正極の集電体の露出部にタブを溶接してリード部を形成した。
前記正極と前記負極との間に、前記のセパレータを幅47mmにスリットしたものを介在させつつ重ね合わせ、渦巻状に巻回して巻回電極体を得た。この巻回電極体を押しつぶして扁平状にし、厚み6mm、高さ50mm、幅34mmのアルミニウム製外装缶に入れ、非水電解液(エチレンカーボネートとエチルメチルカーボネートを1:2の体積比で混合した溶媒に、LiPF6を濃度1mol/lで溶解させた溶液)を2.4ml注入した後に封止を行って、図2A、Bに示す構造で、図3に示す外観の非水電解液電池を作製した。
N−ビニルアセトアミドの共重合体水溶液の添加量を、N−ビニルアセトアミドの共重合体の量が、ベーマイト100質量部に対して3質量部となる量とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして耐熱多孔質層形成用スラリーを調製し、このスラリーを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製し、このセパレータを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解液電池を作製した。
N−ビニルアセトアミドの共重合体水溶液に代えて、カルボキシメチルセルロースを、ベーマイト100質量部に対して1質量部となる量で添加した以外は、実施例1と同様にして耐熱多孔質層形成用スラリーを調製し、このスラリーを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製し、このセパレータを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解液電池を作製した。
耐熱性微粒子を、板状ベーマイトから天然シリカ破砕微粒子(D50:1μm、BET比表面積:10m2/g)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして耐熱多孔質層形成用スラリーを調製し、このスラリーを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製し、このセパレータを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解液電池を作製した。
耐熱性微粒子を、板状ベーマイトからアルミナ合成品(D50:1μm、BET比表面積:5m2/g)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして耐熱多孔質層形成用スラリーを調製し、このスラリーを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製し、このセパレータを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解液電池を作製した。
耐熱性微粒子を、板状ベーマイトからチタニア合成品(D50:1μm)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして耐熱多孔質層形成用スラリーを調製し、このスラリーを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製し、このセパレータを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解液電池を作製した。
増粘剤をキサンタンガムに変更し、その量を、ベーマイト100質量部に対して0.2質量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして耐熱多孔質層形成用スラリーを調製し、このスラリーを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製し、このセパレータを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして非水電解液電池を作製した。前記のセパレータ全体の透気度は、188sec/100mlであり、前記樹脂多孔質膜の透気度との差は、8sec/100mlであった。
N−ビニルアセトアミドの共重合体水溶液の添加量を、N−ビニルアセトアミドの共重合体の量が、ベーマイト100質量部に対して0.05質量部となる量とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして耐熱多孔質層形成用スラリーを調製し、このスラリーを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製し、このセパレータを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解液電池を作製した。
厚みが16μm、空孔率が40%のPE製微多孔膜を、耐熱多孔質層を形成することなくセパレータとして用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解液電池を作製した。
実施例1〜6および比較例1〜3の各電池を、0.5Cの定電流で4.35Vまで充電した。充電は、20〜25℃の大気雰囲気下で、かつ電池の表面温度が大気雰囲気温度と同じ状態で行った。充電後の各電池を恒温槽に入れ、槽内温度を5℃/分の割合で上昇させて150℃に到達後、この150℃で3時間保持した。恒温槽の昇温開始から150℃で3時間保持が終了するまでの電池の表面温度を熱電対で測定し、電池表面の到達最高温度を求めた。加熱試験は、各実施例、比較例につき3個の電池で実施し、その平均値を求めた。
2 負極
3 セパレータ
3a 樹脂多孔質膜
3b 耐熱多孔質層
30 粘着テープ
Claims (12)
- 熱可塑性樹脂を主成分とする樹脂多孔質膜と、耐熱性微粒子を主成分とし樹脂バインダを含む耐熱多孔質層とを有する多層多孔質膜からなる電池用セパレータであって、
前記耐熱多孔質層の厚みが、1〜15μmであり、
前記耐熱多孔質層が、前記樹脂バインダとして、前記耐熱性微粒子100質量部に対して0.1〜5質量部のN−ビニルアセトアミドの重合体または水溶性セルロース誘導体と、前記耐熱性微粒子100質量部に対して1質量部以上の架橋アクリル樹脂とを含み、
前記耐熱多孔質層における前記樹脂バインダの含有量が、前記耐熱性微粒子100質量部に対して1.1〜30質量部であり、
前記樹脂多孔質膜と前記耐熱多孔質層との180°での剥離強度が、0.6N/cm以上5N/cm以下であることを特徴とする電池用セパレータ。 - 熱可塑性樹脂を主成分とする樹脂多孔質膜と、耐熱性微粒子を主成分とし樹脂バインダを含む耐熱多孔質層とを有する多層多孔質膜からなる電池用セパレータであって、
前記耐熱多孔質層の厚みが、1〜15μmであり、
前記耐熱多孔質層が、前記樹脂バインダとして、前記耐熱性微粒子100質量部に対して0.1〜5質量部のN−ビニルアセトアミドの重合体または水溶性セルロース誘導体と、前記耐熱性微粒子100質量部に対して1質量部以上の架橋アクリル樹脂とを含み、
前記耐熱多孔質層における前記樹脂バインダの含有量が、前記耐熱性微粒子100質量部に対して1.1〜30質量部であることを特徴とする電池用セパレータ。 - 前記熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリオレフィンである請求項1または2に記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 前記耐熱性微粒子が、シリカ、アルミナ、ベーマイト、チタニア、BaTiO3、ゼオライト、アパタイト、カオリンおよび硫酸バリウムよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の微粒子である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 150℃の雰囲気下で1時間静置した際の熱収縮率が、10%以下である請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 前記耐熱多孔質層における前記樹脂バインダの含有量が、前記耐熱性微粒子100質量部に対して20質量部以下である請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 前記樹脂多孔質膜として、表面改質により表面の親水性を高めた多孔質膜を用いた請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 前記樹脂多孔質膜の表面改質方法が、コロナ放電処理である請求項7に記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 前記多層多孔質膜の透気度と、前記樹脂多孔質膜の透気度との差〔(多層多孔質膜の透気度)−(樹脂多孔質膜の透気度)〕が、50(sec/100ml)以下である請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 前記耐熱多孔質層中の前記耐熱性微粒子の体積比が、80体積%以上99体積%以下である請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 前記樹脂多孔質膜の厚みが、8μm以上30μm以下である請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 正極、負極、セパレータおよび非水電解液を含む非水電解液電池であって、
前記セパレータが、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の電池用セパレータであることを特徴とする非水電解液電池。
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WO2010104127A1 (ja) | 2010-09-16 |
US20110143183A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
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JP2013101954A (ja) | 2013-05-23 |
KR101246804B1 (ko) | 2013-03-26 |
KR20110031998A (ko) | 2011-03-29 |
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