JP4913122B2 - 赤色リン光化合物及びこれを用いた有機電界発光装置 - Google Patents

赤色リン光化合物及びこれを用いた有機電界発光装置 Download PDF

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JP4913122B2
JP4913122B2 JP2008500600A JP2008500600A JP4913122B2 JP 4913122 B2 JP4913122 B2 JP 4913122B2 JP 2008500600 A JP2008500600 A JP 2008500600A JP 2008500600 A JP2008500600 A JP 2008500600A JP 4913122 B2 JP4913122 B2 JP 4913122B2
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organic electroluminescent
electroluminescent device
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phosphorescent compound
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ユン クン キム,
チョン クン パク,
チョン デ ソ,
ヒュン チョル チョン,
キュン ホン リー,
チェ マン リー,
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Description

本発明は有機電界発光装置に係り、さらに詳しくは、赤色リン光化合物及びこれを用いた有機電界発光装置に関する。より具体的に、本発明は、アノード、ホール注入層、ホール輸送層、発光層、電子輸送層、電子注入層、及びカソードを連続して積層してなる有機電界発光装置における発光層ドーパントとして用いられる赤色リン光物質に関する。
近年、表示装置の大型化が進むに伴い、省スペースを図ることのできるフラット表示装置への需要が高まりつつある。この種のフラット表示装置は、有機発光ダイオード(OLED)と呼ばれる有機電界発光装置を含む。この有機電界発光装置の製作技術の進展には目を見張るものがあり、既に種々の試作品が上市されている。
有機電界発光装置においては、電子注入電極(カソード)とホール注入電極(アノード)との間に設けられている有機層内に電荷が注入されるときに発光する。より具体的に、1つの電子と1つのホールが対をなし、このようにして得られた電子及びホールの対が崩壊するときに光が発せられる。有機電界発光装置は、プラスチックなどの可撓性の透明基板の上に形成可能である。有機電界発光装置は、プラズマ表示パネルまたは無機電界発光(EL)表示に求められる電圧よりも低い電圧(すなわち、10Vの電圧またはそれ以下の電圧)下で駆動可能である。有機電界発光装置は、他の表示装置に比べてエネルギー消耗がより低く、色表現性に優れているというメリットがある。さらに、有機電界発光装置は3色(すなわち、緑色、青色、及び赤色)を用いて画像を再生することができることから、鮮明な画像が再生可能な次世代のカラー表示装置として幅広く認識されている。
このような有機電界発光(EL)装置の製造方法について述べると、下記の通りである:
(1)アノード材料が透明基板上に塗布される。通常、インジウム錫酸化物(ITO)がアノード材料として用いられる。
(2)ホール注入層(HIL)が前記アノード材料上に積層される。前記ホール注入層は、厚みが10nm〜30nmの銅フタロシアニン(CuPc)層からなる。
(3)次いで、ホール輸送層(HTL)が積層される。前記ホール輸送層は、主として、4,4’−ビス[N−(1−ナフチル)−N−フェニルアミノ]−ビフェニル(NPB)からなるが、この物質は、真空蒸発処理が施されてから30nm〜60nmの厚みに塗布される。
(4)この後、有機発光層が設けられる。このとき、必要に応じて、ドーパントが添加される。緑色発光の場合、前記有機発光層は、通常、トリス(8−ヒドロキシ−キノレート)アルミニウム(Alq)から形成されるが、この物質には、厚みが30nm〜60nmとなるように真空蒸発処理が施される。なお、N−メチルキナクリドン(MQD)もまたドーパント(あるいは、不純物)として用いられる。
(5)電子輸送層(ETL)及び電子注入層(EIL)が連続して前記有機発光層の上に設けられるか、あるいは、電子注入/輸送層が前記有機発光層の上に設けられる。緑色発光の場合、(4)のAlqが卓越した電子輸送能を有している。このため、前記電子注入及び輸送層は必須なものではない。
(6)最後に、カソード層が塗布され、保護層が前記全体構造物の上に塗布される。
青色、緑色、及び赤色をそれぞれ発色する発光装置は、上述した構造物内における発光層の形成方法によって決められる。発光物質としてのエキシトンは、それぞれの電極から注入される電子とホールとの再組合せにより形成される。一重項エキシトンは蛍光を発し、三重項エキシトンはリン光を発する。蛍光を発する前記一重項エキシトンが形成される確率は約25%であるが、リン光を発する三重項エキシトンが形成される確率は75%となる。このため、三重項エキシトンは一重項エキシトンに比べて発光効率がさらに高い。これらのリン光物質のうち赤色リン光物質は、蛍光物質よりも発光効率がさらに高いことがある。この理由から、赤色リン光物質が有機電界発光装置の効率を高めるための重要な因子として研究及び調査されている。
このようなリン光物質を用いる場合、高発光効率、高色純度及びより強い耐久力が求められる。特に、赤色リン光物質を用いる場合、色純度が上がるにつれて、すなわち、CIE色座標のX値が高くなるにつれて可視度が下がるため、高発光効率を得るには難点がある。この理由から、優れた色座標(CIE色純度がX=0.65以上である。)、向上した発光効率、及びより強い耐久力の特性が得られる赤色リン光物質の開発がが望まれている。
本発明は上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、関連技術の限界及び欠点による1以上の問題点を実質的になくす赤色リン光化合物及びこれを用いた有機電界発光装置を提供するところにある。
本発明の他の目的は、有機電界発光装置における発光層ドーパントとして用いられる、下記の一般式1で表わされる化合物を化合することにより、色純度及び輝度が高く、しかも、耐久性の強い有機電界発光装置を提供するところにある。
本発明の上記の目的は、下記の一般式1で表わされる赤色リン光化合物を提供することにより達成することができる:
Figure 0004913122
を示すが、ここで、R1、R2、R3、及びR4は、それぞれ互いに独立して置換または非置換されたC1〜C6のアルキル基のうちいずれか1種であってもよい。また、C1〜C6のアルキル基は、それぞれメチル、エチル、n−プロピル,i−プロピル,n−ブチル、i−ブチル、及びt−ブチルからなる群から選択されてもよい。さらに、
Figure 0004913122
は、
Figure 0004913122
を含んでいてもよい。なお、
Figure 0004913122
は、下記の一般式で表わされるいずれか1種であってもよい。:
Figure 0004913122
また、上記の一般式1は、下記の一般式のいずれかであってもよい。:
Figure 0004913122
Figure 0004913122
本発明の他の態様によれば、互いに連続して積層されたアノード、ホール注入層、ホール輸送層、発光層、電子輸送層、電子注入層、及びカソードを備える有機電界発光装置が提供されるが、前記有機電界発光装置は、上記の一般式で表わされるいずれかを発光層ドーパントとして用いることができる。
この理由から、Al金属錯体とZn金属錯体とカルバゾール誘導体のうちいずれか1種が発光層ホストとして使用可能であり、前記ドーパントは0.1wt%〜50wt%の範囲内の量にて使用可能である。本発明は、ドーパントの使用量が上述の範囲内に収まるときに限って有効である。さらに、Al金属錯体及びZn金属錯それぞれのリガンドはキノリル、ビフェニル、イソキノリル、フェニル、メチルキノリル、ジメチル−キノリル、ジメチル−イソキノリルを含んでいてもよく、前記カルバゾール誘導体はCBPを含んでいてもよい。
以下、本発明の好適な具体例について詳述するが、これらの例示は添付図面に示してある。
以下、本発明による赤色リン光化合物を化合させる方法について説明する。本発明の有機電界発光装置に用いられる赤色リン光化合物のうち、イリジウム(III)(2−(3−メチルフェニル)−7−メチル−キノリナト−N、C)(2,4−ペンタンジオナート−0,0)化合物は、A−2で表わされる。
化合例
1.2−(3−メチルフェニル)−6−メチル−キノリンの製造
Figure 0004913122
3−メチル−フェニル−ホウ酸(1.3mmol)、2−クロロ−7−メチル−キノリン(1mmol)、テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)(0.05mmol)、及び炭酸カリウム(3mmol)をTHF(30ml)とHO(10ml)を含有する2口丸フラスコ中において溶解させる。この後、前記混合物を100℃の浴中において24時間かけて攪拌する。次いで、反応がそれ以上起こらないとき、前記THFとトルエンを放棄する。ジクロロメタンと水を用いて前記混合物を抽出した後、真空蒸留処理を施す。この後、シリカゲルカラムにより前記混合物をろ過した後、溶媒を真空蒸留処理して除去する。その後、ジクロロメタンとペトローリアムエーテルを用いて前記混合物を再結晶化した後、ろ過して2−(3−メチルフェニル)−7−メチル−キノリン個体を得る。
2.塩素橋架された異合体錯物の形成
Figure 0004913122
塩化イリジウム(1mmol)と2−(3−メチルフェニル)−7−メチル−キノリン(2.5mmol)を2−エトキシエタノールと蒸留水との3:1液相混合物(30ml)中において混合する。それから、前記混合物を24時間かけて還流させる。この後、生成物を個形にろ過するために水を加える。次いで、メタノールとペトローリアムエーテルを用いて前記個体を洗浄することにより、塩素橋架された異合体錯物を得る。
3.イリジウム(III)(2−(3−メチルフェニル)−7−メチル−キノリナト−N、C)(2,4−ペンタンジオナート−0,0)の形成
Figure 0004913122
前記塩素橋架された二量体錯物(1mmol)、2,4−ペンタンジオン(3mmol)、及びNaCO(6mmol)を2−エトキシエタノール(30ml)中において混合した後、24時間かけて還流させる。前記還流された混合物を室温下で冷却させる。この後、蒸留水を前記冷却された混合物に加えた後、ろ過して個体生成物を得る。次いで、前記個体生成物をジクロロメタンに溶解させた後、シリカゲルを用いてろ過する。この後、前記ジクロロメタンを真空吸入処理し、前記固体をメタノール及びペトローリアムエーテルにより洗浄して前記化合物を得る。
以下、本発明を説明するための好適な具体例を挙げるが、本発明はこれらの具体例に限定されるものではない。
具体例
1.第1の具体例
ITOガラス基板は3mm×3mmの発光面積を有するようにパターニングされる。それから、前記パターニングされたITOガラス基板は洗浄される。次いで、前記基板は真空チャンバーに載置され、その標準圧は1×10−6torrに設定される。この後、有機物層はCuPc(200Å)、NPB(400Å)、CBP+(btp)Ir(acac)(7%)(200Å)、ホール保持層(100Å)、Alq(300Å)、LiF(5Å)、及びAl(1000Å)の順に前記ITO基板の上に形成される。
BAlを用いてホール保持層を設ける場合、輝度は0.9mAにおいて689cd/m(8.1V)であり、このとき、CIEx=0.651、y=0.329である。さらに、耐久性(初期輝度の半分値)は2000cd/mにおいて1600時間持続される。
2.第2の具体例
ITOガラス基板は3mm×3mmの発光面積を有するようにパターニングされる。それから、前記パターニングされたITOガラス基板は洗浄される。次いで、前記基板は真空チャンバーに載置され、その標準圧は1×10−6torrに設定される。この後、有機物層はCuPc(200Å)、NPB(400Å)、BAlq+A−2(7%)(200Å)、Alq(300Å)、LiF(5Å)、及びAl(1000Å)の順に前記ITO基板の上に形成される。
0.9mAにおける輝度は1448cd/m(6.2V)であり、このとき、CIEx=0.644、y=0.353である。さらに、耐久性(初期輝度の半分値)は2000cd/mにおいて8000時間持続される。
3.第3の具体例
ITOガラス基板は3mm×3mmの発光面積を有するようにパターニングされる。それから、前記パターニングされたITOガラス基板は洗浄される。次いで、前記基板は真空チャンバーに載置され、その標準圧は1×10−6torrに設定される。この後、有機物層はCuPc(200Å)、NPB(400Å)、BAlq+A−5(7%)(200Å)、Alq(300Å)、LiF(5Å)、及びAl(1000Å)の順に前記ITO基板の上に形成される。
0.9mAにおける輝度は1378cd/m(6.0V)であり、このとき、CIEx=0.659、y=0.351である。さらに、耐久性(初期輝度の半分値)は2000cd/mにおいて7000時間持続される。
比較例
ITOガラス基板は3mm×3mmの発光面積を有するようにパターニングされる。それから、前記パターニングされたITOガラス基板は洗浄される。次いで、前記基板は真空チャンバーに載置され、その標準圧は1×10−6torrに設定される。この後、有機物層はCuPc(200Å)、NPB(400Å)、BAlq+(btp)Ir(acac)(7%)(200Å)、Alq(300Å)、LiF(5Å)、及びAl(1000Å)の順に前記ITO基板の上に形成される。
0.9mAにおける輝度は780cd/m(7.5V)であり、このとき、CIEx=0.659、y=0.329である。さらに、耐久性(初期輝度の半分値)は2000cd/mにおいて2500時間持続される。
上述した具体例と比較例の効率、色座標、輝度、及び耐久性の特性を下記表1に示す。
Figure 0004913122
上記表1に示すように、前記装置は色純度が高い場合であっても、低電圧において高効率にて作動する。さらに、前記第2の具体例の電流効率は前記比較例に比べて100%以上高くなっている。なお、前記第2の具体例の耐久性は前記比較例のそれよりも3倍ほど高くなっている。
下記表2は、本発明の第2の具体例による有機電界発光装置における、電圧及び電流の増加による効率、色座標、及び輝度の特性を示す。
Figure 0004913122
上記表2に示すように、前記第2の具体例によれば、優れた効率が得られ、しかも、駆動電圧による色座標も高い色純度を維持している。
本発明の趣旨及び範疇から逸脱しない限り、種々の応用及び変形が可能であることは当業者にとって自明である。よって、これらの応用及び変形が特許請求の範囲に属することは当然なことである。
上記一般式1で表わされる化合物を前記有機電界発光装置の発光層として用いることにより、本発明は色純度及び輝度に優れ、しかも、耐久性が強くなる有機電界発光装置を提供することが可能になる。
本発明への理解を容易にするための提供される添付図面は本発明の具体例を開示しており、本発明の内容と共に本発明の原理を説明するものである。
有機電界発光装置の色純度が上がるに伴い、すなわち、色座標のX値が高くなるに伴い可視度が下がる様子を示すグラフである。 本発明の具体例において用いられる化合物としてのNPB、銅(II)フタロシアニン(CuPc)、(bpt)Ir(acac)、Alq、BAl、及びCBPの構造式を示す。

Claims (8)

  1. 下記の式1で表わされる赤色リン光化合物であって、:
    Figure 0004913122
    を示し、
    R1、R2、R3、及びR4はそれぞれ互いに独立して、H、または置換もしくは非置換のC1〜C6アルキル基から選択され、
    そして、
    Figure 0004913122
    は、2,4−ペンタンジオン、2,2,6,6−テトラ−メチルヘプタン−3,5−ジオン、1,3−プロパンジオン、1,3−ブタンジオン、3,5−ヘプタンジオン、1,1,1−トリフルオロ−2,4−ペンタンジオン、1,1,1,5,5,5−ヘキサフルオロ−2,4−ペンタンジオン、及び2,2−ジメチル−3,5−ヘキサンジオンからなる群から選択されるアルカンジオンを示す、赤色リン光化合物。
  2. 前記C1〜C6アルキル基はそれぞれメチル、エチル、n−プロピル、i−プロピル、n−ブチル、i−ブチル、及びt−ブチルからなる群から選ばれるいずれか1種である請求項1に記載の赤色リン光化合物。
  3. Figure 0004913122
    は、下記の化学式で表わされるもののうちいずれか1種である請求項1に記載の赤色リン光化合物:
    Figure 0004913122
  4. 前記化学式1は、下記の一般式のうちいずれか1つである請求項1に記載の赤色リン光化合物:
    Figure 0004913122
    Figure 0004913122
  5. 発光層を備える有機電界発光装置であって、該発光層は、下記の化学式1で表わされる赤色リン光化合物をドーパントとして含み:
    Figure 0004913122
    を示し、
    R1、R2、R3、及びR4はそれぞれ互いに独立してH、または置換もしくは非置換のC1〜C6アルキル基から選択され、
    そして、
    Figure 0004913122
    は、2,4−ペンタンジオン、2,2,6,6−テトラ−メチルヘプタン−3,5−ジオン、1,3−プロパンジオン、1,3−ブタンジオン、3,5−ヘプタンジオン、1,1,1−トリフルオロ−2,4−ペンタンジオン、1,1,1,5,5,5−ヘキサフルオロ−2,4−ペンタンジオン、及び2,2−ジメチル−3,5−ヘキサンジオンからなる群から選択されるアルカンジオンを示す、有機電界発光装置。
  6. Al金属錯体とZn金属錯体とカルバゾール誘導体のうちいずれか一つを発光層のホストとして用いる請求項5に記載の有機電界発光装置。
  7. Al金属錯体とZn金属錯体とカルバゾール誘導体のうちいずれか一つを発光層のホストとして用い、前記ドーパントの使用量は、前記ドーパントを含む発光層の重量に全体として基づいて、0.1〜50wt%を有する請求項5に記載の有機電界発光装置。
  8. Al金属錯体及びZn金属錯体のそれぞれのリガンドはキノリル、ビフェニル、イソキノリル、フェニル、メチルキノリル、ジメチル−キノリルまたはジメチル−イソキノリル含み、カルバゾール誘導体はCBPを含む請求項6に記載の有機電界発光装置。
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