JP4695711B2 - 連続直接書込み光リソグラフィ - Google Patents
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/0271—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers
- H01L21/0273—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers characterised by the treatment of photoresist layers
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- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)
- Exposure Of Semiconductors, Excluding Electron Or Ion Beam Exposure (AREA)
- Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
Description
本願は2002年8月24日に出願された米国特許仮出願第60/406,030号の利益を主張するものであり、その全体を参照により本願に組み入れる。
によって静止状態の基板の光度Iに関連付けられる。
Iw(x,t)=I(x+vt,t)(3)
t=0とt=T/2との間では、SLM内の素子は「1」状態であり、t=T/2において1行だけ移動する。すなわち、次式のようになる。
I(x,t)=I0(x) 0<t<T/2
I(x,t)=I0(x−pM) T/2<t<T (4)
上式中I0(x)は 静止時の基板に対する単一のSLM素子の光度分布であり、pはSLMアレイ素子の行ピッチであり、Mは投影レンズ・システムの倍率である。式(1)、(3)、及び(4)を用いれば、式(2)は以下のように表すことができる。
ピクセルR1C4、R1C5、R2C2、R2C3、R2C4、R2C5、R3C2、R3C3、R3C4、R3C5は31の線量値を有する。
ピクセルR1C1、R1C2、R1C3、R1C6、R2C1、R2C6、R3C1、R3C6、R4C1、R4C6は0の線量値を有する。
ピクセルR4C2、R4C3、R4C4、R4C5は意図するエッジの位置1901に基づいて、0〜31の中間の線量値を有する。
便宜上、24の値を上記に割り当てる。次に、ルックアップ・テーブルを用いて線量値を修正してシステムの歪み、収差、照射の不均一性が説明される。好適なSLMであるTexas Instruments社のDMDデバイスは102マイクロ秒毎にミラー状態をスイッチングすることができ、かつ1024行、768列を有するので、このことは高速ディスク・ドライブ2806が102マイクロ秒毎に1024ピクセルのうちの1行を送る必要があることを意味している。32のグレーレベルを用いると、これは約6.3メガバイト/秒のデータ転送速度である。このデータ転送速度はディスク・ドライブ・アレイの現行の能力の範囲に容易に入る。
0000 0001 0011 0111 1111
であろう。0001ではなく1000などの、同じ線量を提供する他の可能性のある順序が存在する。この自由度を用いて光源110からの照射の不均一性を補正できる。その露光順序に対応する線量レベルは、0、1、2、3、4になると定義される。時間(T4+T3)/2におけるミラーのスイッチングに先立ち、SLMアレイ1000の行4(R4)内のピクセルのすべてに対する線量レベルは高速ディスク・ドライブ2806からデコンプレッション電子機器2807に送られる。可能性のある各線量レベルに相当する順序がデコンプレッション電子機器のルックアップ・テーブルに格納される。一例として再びピクセルR4C2を用いると、その線量レベルは順序0111に相当する3になるであろう。T3において示した状態で始まって、SLMメモリ2808は基板アレイ1000の第4の行と第2の列R4C2のミラーに対してロードされた0状態を有するであろう。ミラーがT4において示した状態にスイッチングされた後、デコンプレッション電子機器はSLMメモリに、基板アレイ1000の第3の行と第2の列R3C2の露光順序(1)の第2の桁を与える。ミラーは(T5+T4)/2において状態をスイッチングする。ミラーがT5において示した状態にスイッチングした後、デコンプレッション電子機器はSLMメモリに、基板アレイ1000の第2の行と第2の列R2C2の露光順序(1)の第3の桁を与える。ミラーは(T6+T5)/2において状態をスイッチングする。ミラーがT6において示した状態にスイッチングした後、デコンプレッション電子機器はSLMメモリに、基板アレイ1000の第1の行と第2の列R1C2の露光順序(1)の第4の桁を与える。ミラーは(T7+T6)/2において状態をスイッチングする。この動作原理は一層大きいTexas Instruments社のDMDアレイに対しても同じである。デコンプレッション電子機器はSLMのミラーとルックアップ・テーブルの各々に対する線量レベル・コードを保持するの十分大きいメモリを含んでいなければならない。デコンプレッション電子機器はそのブックキーピング処理を扱うための論理コンポーネントも含む。102マイクロ秒のミラー・クロック周期の間にすべてのミラーの値を決定し、かつSLMメモリにロードする必要があるため、多数のミラー値を同時に算出する必要がある。例えば、1つのミラーに対する次の状態を算出するには100ナノ秒を要する場合、約800枚のミラーに対する計算が同時に実行されねばならないことは明らかである。
v=npM/T (7)
上式中nは定数を表す。基板の露光間の時間は2Tであり、この時間の間にSLM120上のパターンは2n行だけシフトしているであろう。原理上、nは1より大きい任意の値を有する。しかし、nの実際の選択は典型的には2〜9の整数となろう。
Claims (25)
- 基板をパターニングする、空間光変調器をベースとした光リソグラフィ・ツールの動作方法であって、
サイズと構成が前記空間光変調器内の個々にスイッチング可能な素子の投影される間隔と構成に対応しているピクセルのエリア・アレイを前記基板表面上に決定するステップと、
設計データ・ファイル内のフィーチャ・パターンから算出される線量値を前記基板上の各ピクセルに割り当て、前記線量値は前記基板上の結果の像のフィーチャ・パターンに対応した複数のグレーレベルの1つと関連する、ステップと、
少なくとも2つの状態を有する前記空間光変調器の素子であり、第1の状態が前記基板に光を到達させ、第2の状態が前記基板に光が到達するのを止める素子それぞれの状態を表す一連の値へと、前記基板上の各ピクセルに対する前記線量値をクロック周期ごとにデコンプレスするステップと、
前記素子状態の値を空間光変調器メモリへとロードするステップと、
前記空間光変調器を照射するステップと、
前記空間光変調器と前記基板との間に位置する投影光学系によって実施される、前記基板上に前記空間光変調器の像を投影するステップと、
クロック周期ごとに一度、前記空間光変調器メモリ内の前記値に応じて前記空間光変調器の前記素子をスイッチングするステップと、
各クロック周期中、前記基板と前記投影される像とを互いに前記ピクセル間の前記間隔に等しい距離だけ変位させるステップとから構成され、
前記基板上のピクセルが前記空間光変調器の複数の素子からピクセルに割り当てられた線量値に加えてエネルギーの線量を連続して受け取ることを特徴とする光リソグラフィ・ツールの動作方法。 - 前記基板上の前記ピクセルと前記空間光変調器内の前記個々にスイッチング可能な素子との前記対応は1対1であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記割り当てるステップは、前記算出された線量値を調整することによって前記投影光学系内の歪みと収差を補正するステップを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記割り当てるステップは、前記算出された線量値を調整することによって前記空間光変調器の照射の不均一性を補正するステップを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記デコンプレスするステップは、前記基板に対する前記空間光変調器の位置に対応する、1クロック周期中の前記空間光変調器の前記素子すべての前記素子状態の値を規定するのに必要な線量データである1フレームの線量データに対してクロック周期ごとに一度実行されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ロードするステップはクロック周期ごとに一度実行されることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記基板の露光中、前記空間光変調器は連続的に照射されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記基板の露光中、前記空間光変調器の前記像は前記基板上に連続的に投影されることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記基板表面の前記投影された像は不鮮明にされるステップを有し、
前記不鮮明な像は、サブピクセルの解像度のフィーチャ・エッジの配置を可能にする瞬間的光度分布を有し、総線量分布が前記表面上に形成される潜像にフィーチャ・エッジを定めることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記不鮮明にするステップは、前記空間光変調器と前記感光性コーティングとの間に位置決めされた拡散体によって実施されることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記空間光変調器はデジタル・マイクロミラー・デバイスであり、前記素子は個々にスイッチング可能なミラーであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記基板の歪みを測定するステップと、
前記基板の歪みを説明するために前記設計データ・ファイルを修正するステップとをさらに有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記空間光変調器の前記素子をスイッチングするステップは、前記基板上の任意のピクセルによって受け取られるエネルギーの総線量に連続して寄与する前記空間光変調器の素子の数を変えるように制御され、これにより前記基板上のあるピクセルは非ゼロの異なったエネルギーの総線量を受け取ることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記測定するステップは基板アライメント・システムによって実施されることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記基板アライメント・システムはマシン・ビジョン・システムを備えることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記空間光変調器の前記素子をスイッチングするステップは、前記基板上の任意のピクセルによって受け取られるエネルギーの総線量に連続して寄与する前記空間光変調器の素子の数を変えるように制御され、これにより前記基板上のあるピクセルは非ゼロの異なったエネルギーの総線量を受け取ることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記基板表面の前記投影された像は不鮮明にされ、
前記不鮮明な像は、サブピクセルの解像度のフィーチャ・エッジの配置を可能にする瞬間的光度分布を有し、総線量分布が前記表面上に形成される潜像にフィーチャ・エッジを定めることを特徴とする請求項16に記載の方法。 - 前記スイッチングするステップは、前記基板表面上の感光性コーティング内にフィーチャを決定するように制御され、前記感光性コーティング内のフィーチャ・エッジは、前記基板上の前記エリア・アレイによって決定されたピクセル・エッジからサブピクセルの距離だけシフトされることを特徴とする請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記空間光変調器の前記素子は矩形格子上で行及び列に配置され、前記基板の移動の方向は前記空間光変調器の前記素子の前記列と平行であることを特徴とする請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記空間光変調器の前記素子は矩形格子上で行及び列に配置され、前記基板の移動の方向は前記空間光変調器の前記素子の前記列と平行でも直角でもないことを特徴とする請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記スイッチングするステップは、前記基板表面上の感光性コーティング内にフィーチャを決定するように制御され、前記感光性コーティング内のフィーチャ・エッジは、前記基板上の前記エリア・アレイによって決定されたピクセル・エッジからサブピクセルの距離だけシフトされることを特徴とする請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記投影するステップの前に、前記基板を前記投影光学系と位置合わせするステップをさらに有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記位置合わせするステップは、前記基板上の任意のフィーチャをメモリ・デバイス内に予め格納されている像と比較するステップを有することを特徴とする請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記位置合わせするステップは、前記基板上の任意のフィーチャをメモリ・デバイス内に予め格納されている理想的な像と比較するステップを有することを特徴とする請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記理想的な像は十字及び円からなるグループから選択されることを特徴とする請求項24に記載の方法。
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