JP4169074B2 - 鉄基希土類系ナノコンポジット磁石およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
鉄基希土類系ナノコンポジット磁石およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 178
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 title claims description 61
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 42
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 36
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 71
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 101
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 101
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 51
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001047 Hard ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005307 ferromagnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0611—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by a single casting wheel, e.g. for casting amorphous metal strips or wires
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0622—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by two casting wheels
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/07—Metallic powder characterised by particles having a nanoscale microstructure
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y25/00—Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/003—Making ferrous alloys making amorphous alloys
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
- C22C45/02—Amorphous alloys with iron as the major constituent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0579—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B with exchange spin coupling between hard and soft nanophases, e.g. nanocomposite spring magnets
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
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- B22F2009/045—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by other means than ball or jet milling
- B22F2009/046—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by other means than ball or jet milling by cutting
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- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0578—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together bonded together
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
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Description
1a、2a、8a、および9a ガス排気口
1 溶解室
2 急冷室
3 溶解炉
4 貯湯容器
5 出湯ノズル
6 ロート
7 回転冷却ロール
21 溶湯
本実施形態では、例えば、図2に示す急冷装置を用いて原料合金を製造する。酸化しやすい希土類元素RやFeを含む原料合金の酸化を防ぐため、不活性ガス雰囲気中で合金製造工程を実行する。不活性ガスとしては、ヘリウムまたはアルゴン等の希ガスや窒素を用いることができる。
まず、以下の組成式で表現される原料合金の溶湯21を作製し、図2の溶解室1の貯湯容器4に貯える。
本実施形態では、熱処理をアルゴン雰囲気中で実行する。好ましくは、昇温速度を5℃/秒〜20℃/秒として、550℃以上850℃以下の温度で30秒以上20分以下の時間保持した後、室温まで冷却する。この熱処理によって、アモルファス相中に準安定相の微細結晶が析出・成長し、ナノコンポジット組織構造が形成される。本発明によれば、熱処理の開始時点で既に微細なNd2Fe14B型結晶相が全体の20体積%以上存在しているため、α−Fe相や他の結晶相の粗大化が抑制され、Nd2Fe14B型結晶相以外の各構成相(軟磁性相)が均一に微細化される。熱処理後に得られるナノコンポジット磁石は、Nd2Fe14B型結晶相の粒界に主としてα−Feが存在する組織構造を有している。α−Feの存在比率は、全体の5体積%以上であると考えられ、磁石全体の残留磁束密度が向上する。
前述のように、本発明による鉄基希土類ナノコンポジット磁石の組成は、T100-x-y-z-nQxRyTizMnの式で表される。ここで、TはFeまたは、CoおよびNiからなる群から選択された1種以上の元素とFeとを含む遷移金属元素、QはBおよびCからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の元素、RはLaおよびCeを実質的に含まない1種以上の希土類元素、Mは、Al、Si、V、Cr、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ga、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ag、Hf、Ta、W、Pt、Au、およびPbからなる群から選択された1種以上の金属元素である。また、組成比率x、y、zおよびnは、それぞれ、5≦x≦10原子%、7≦y≦10原子%(好ましくは8≦y≦10原子%)、0.1≦z≦5原子%(好ましくは0.5≦z≦4原子%)、0≦n≦10原子%の関係を満足している。
以下の表1に示す組成を有する試料(No.1〜No.21)の各々について、Nd、Pr、B、C、Ti、Cu、Ga、Co、Zr、V、NbおよびFeの各材料を用いて総量が30グラム)となるように秤量し、底部に0.8mmφのオリフィスを有する透明石英製のノズル内に入れた。
表1のNo.22〜No.30の合金組成になるようNd、B、Nb、Cr、およびFeの各元素を配合した原料30gを、底部に0.8mmφのオリフィスを有する透明石英製のノズル内に入れた。その後、Ar雰囲気中で高周波加熱によりノズル内の原料を溶解し、得られた合金溶湯の温度が1400℃に到達した後、ノズル内を30kPaで加圧した。こうして、ノズル底部のオリフィスより、合金溶湯を回転ロール表面(Vs=20m/秒)に噴射し、合金溶湯を急冷した。こうして、幅0.9〜1.1mmで平均厚さ40〜50μmの急冷合金薄帯を作製した。
Claims (4)
- 組成式T100-x-y-z-nQxRyTizMn(TはFe、または、Feの一部がCoおよびNiからなる群から選択された1種以上の元素で置換された遷移金属元素、QはBおよびCからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の元素、RはLaおよびCeを実質的に含まない1種以上の希土類元素、Mは、Al、Si、V、Cr、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ga、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ag、Hf、Ta、W、Pt、Au、およびPbからなる群から選択された1種以上の金属元素)で表現され、組成比率x、y、zおよびnが、それぞれ、
5≦x≦10原子%、
7≦y≦10原子%、
0.1≦z≦5原子%、
0≦n≦10原子%
を満足する組成を有し、
磁気的に結合したナノコンポジット磁石構造を形成するR2Fe14B型化合物相およびα−Fe相を含有し、
前記R2Fe14B型化合物相の平均結晶粒径は20nm以上であり、前記α−Fe相は前記R2Fe14B型化合物相の厚さ20nm以下の粒界領域のうち前記R2Fe14B型化合物相の粒界三重点に存在し、
前記α−Fe相の平均結晶粒径に対するR2Fe14B型化合物相の平均結晶粒径の比率が2.0以上であり、
保磁力が400kA/m以上、残留磁束密度0.9T以上の磁気特性を有する鉄基希土類ナノコンポジット磁石。 - 前記R2Fe14B型化合物相の平均結晶粒径は30nm以上300nm以下、前記α−Fe相の平均結晶粒径は1nm以上20nm以下である請求項1に記載の鉄基希土類ナノコンポジット磁石。
- 前記α−Fe相の体積比率は全体の5%以上である、請求項1に記載の鉄基希土類ナノコンポジット磁石。
- 請求項1に記載の鉄基希土類ナノコンポジット磁石の粉末を含むボンド磁石。
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