JP4145143B2 - 改良型脈管プロテーゼおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
改良型脈管プロテーゼおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4145143B2 JP4145143B2 JP2002550882A JP2002550882A JP4145143B2 JP 4145143 B2 JP4145143 B2 JP 4145143B2 JP 2002550882 A JP2002550882 A JP 2002550882A JP 2002550882 A JP2002550882 A JP 2002550882A JP 4145143 B2 JP4145143 B2 JP 4145143B2
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- liquefied polymer
- electrospinning
- electric field
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- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
- A61F2250/0023—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in porosity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0058—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
- A61F2250/0067—Means for introducing or releasing pharmaceutical products into the body
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/1372—Randomly noninterengaged or randomly contacting fibers, filaments, particles, or flakes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/139—Open-ended, self-supporting conduit, cylinder, or tube-type article
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/139—Open-ended, self-supporting conduit, cylinder, or tube-type article
- Y10T428/1393—Multilayer [continuous layer]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/608—Including strand or fiber material which is of specific structural definition
- Y10T442/614—Strand or fiber material specified as having microdimensions [i.e., microfiber]
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- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
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- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
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- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
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Description
本発明は改良型脈管プロテーゼに関し、より詳細には改良された生物学的、物理的および機械的特性と改良された薬剤送達性を有する不織脈管プロテーゼに関する。
本発明の1つの態様に従えば、所定の第1多孔率を有した第1の層と、所定の第2多孔率を有した第2の層とを含む脈管プロテーゼであって、第1の層および第2の層はそれぞれ第1および第2のエレクトロスピニングにより作成されたポリマー繊維からなることを特徴とする脈管プロテーゼが提供される。
本発明を添付の図面を参照しながら説明するが、説明は例示にすぎない。ここで具体的に参照する詳細の図面に関して、示した特定部分は例示として示されており、本発明の好ましい実施形態を図解で検討することのみを目的としており、最も有用かつ本発明の原理および概念的局面が容易に理解される説明であると思われるものを提供するために示したものであることを強調しておく。この点に関して、本発明の基本的理解に対して必要なもの以上に本発明の構造的詳細をより詳細に示す努力は一切行っておらず、説明は図面と合わせて当業者に対して本発明のいくつかの形態が実務上どのように具現されるかを明確にするものである。
図1aは、本発明に従う第1の層および第2の層を有する脈管プロテーゼの長手方向断面図である。
図1bは、本発明に従う中間層をさらに含む脈管プロテーゼの長手方向断面図である。
図1cは、本発明に従うコイル層をさらに含む脈管プロテーゼの長手方向断面図である。
図1dは、本発明に従う複数の接着サブ層をさらに含む脈管プロテーゼの長手方向断面図である。
図2は、本発明の教示に従う多孔層の典型的な構造である。
図3は、典型的な従来技術のエレクトロスピニング装置である。
図4は、本発明に従う補助電極をさらに含むエレクトロスピニング装置である。
図5は、本発明に従う巻き付け工程において用いられるフィラメントを浸漬するための装置である。
図6は、本発明に従う巻き付け工程のためのフィラメント生成に用いられるポリマーフィラメント押し出し機である。
図7は、本発明に従うコイル模様を与えるために使用してもよい断面形状を示す図である。
図8は、強化脈管移植片である。
図9は、ポリマー支持体の種類に対する細胞増殖反応効率のプロットである。
図10aは、本発明の教示に従う、上皮細胞植種の電子顕微鏡画像である。
図10bは、本発明の従来技術の教示に従う上皮細胞植種の電子顕微鏡画像である。
図11は、組織検査の結果を示す。
図12aは、本発明の教示に従う移植片の血管造影の結果を示す。
図12bは、従来技術の教示に従う移植片の血管造影の結果を示す。
図13a(i)〜(iv)は、本発明の教示に従う血管内超音波画像検査(IVUS)の結果を示す。
図13b(i)〜(iv)は、従来技術の教示に従うIVUS画像検査の結果を示す。
本発明は、哺乳類に移植可能な、向上した生物学的、物理学的および機械的特性を有する脈管プロテーゼの発明である。具体的には、本発明は、例えば冠状動脈、末梢血管、尿路などの血管や体の他の流体輸送管の交換、バイパスまたは接続のために用いることができる。
次に実施例を参照するが、実施例は上述の説明とともに、本発明を非限定的に説明するものである。
シリコンポリカーボネートウレタンコポリマーCarboSil20は、Polymer Technology Group Incorporatedより購入し、移植片製造のために用いた。このポリマーは優れた繊維生成能力を有し、生体適合性があり、親油性薬剤の取り込みが可能である。すべての実験において、ジメチルホルムアミドとトルエンの1:1〜1:2混合物を溶媒として用いた。接着サブ層の形成には、ポリカーボネートウレタンChronoflex80Aを用いた。
2層移植片
直径6mm、長さ200mmの脈管プロテーゼを製造した。直径6mm、長さ300mmの棒を心棒として用い、その中央200mm部分を室温(24℃)にてコーティングした。ポンプ生産性は3mL/時間とした。
ISO7198:1998(E)に従う移植片の機械的パラメータは以下の通りであった。全多孔率68%、キンキング径30mm、動的コンプライアンス9%。
溶液の粘度の効果
内層と外層に対して同一の粘度(450cP)および同一の導電率(0.45μS)の溶液を用いたこと以外は、直径6mm、長さ200mmの脈管プロテーゼを実施例1と同様にして製造した。加えて、ポンプ生産性は5mL/時間に上げた。
上記の変更により全多孔率の値はわずかに上昇したが、耐キンキング強度とコンプライアンスは低下した。ISOに従う移植片の機械的パラメータは以下の通りであった。全多孔率70%、キンキング径35mm、動的コンプライアンス8%。
所定の繊維配向の効果
移植片の径方向の強度を高めるために、外層を横方向(極)配向に配置された繊維から形成し、直径6mm、長さ200mmの脈管プロテーゼを実施例2と同様にして製造した。加えて、外層の厚みを520μmとして、全壁厚を600μmに減じた。
上記の変更により、全多孔率を犠牲にすることなく、耐キンキング性と動的コンプライアンスのどちらも向上した。ISOに従う移植片の機械的パラメータは以下の通りであった。全多孔率70%、キンキング径32mm、動的コンプライアンス10%。
加熱の効果
以下に記載のように加熱プロセスを実施し、直径6mm、長さ200mmの脈管プロテーゼを実施例3と同様にして製造した。内層を形成した後、内部の内蔵オーミック加熱器を用いて心棒と内層を70℃に加熱した。心棒は外層形成プロセスの間中、この温度に維持した。
内層の形成後に心棒を加熱すると、残留溶媒が約1200ppmから20ppmへと低下した。プロセスの間の質量増加が小さいことにより、心棒と外層とを確実に同じ温度にできた。加熱プロセスにより、多孔率、動的コンプライアンス、および耐キンキング性が増大した。ISOに従う移植片の機械的パラメータは以下の通りであった。全多孔率78%、キンキング径16mm、動的コンプライアンス14%。
コイル模様組み込みの効果
さらなるコイル模様を移植片内に形成して、直径6mm、長さ200mmの脈管プロテーゼを実施例3と同様にして製造した。コイル模様は、0.3mmの厚みのRI CarboSil20フィラメントを、1.1mmの巻き付けピッチで、0.1Nの張力下で巻き付けることにより形成した。巻き付けプロセスは、総層厚が500μmに達したところで開始し、コイル模様の厚みは100μmとした。
ここで強化移植片を示した図8を参照する。図8は強化移植片の耐キンキング性を示している。ISOに従う移植片の機械的パラメータは以下の通りであった。全多孔率64%、キンキング径16mm、動的コンプライアンス8%。
さらなるコイル模様を有する多層移植片
直径6mm、長さ200mmの脈管プロテーゼを製造した。直径6mm、長さ300mmの棒を心棒として用い、その中央200mm部分を室温にてコーティングした。ポンプ生産性は3mL/時間とした。
糸を完全にコートしたため、コイルの巻戻りを防止するのに十分な接着ボンドが形成された。ISOに従う移植片の機械的パラメータは以下の通りであった。全多孔率64%、キンキング径12mm、動的コンプライアンス5%。
ポリマー繊維押し出し機使用の効果
フィラメントを作成するためにポリマーフィラメント押し出し機を使用し、浸漬プロセスを行わなかったことを除いては、実施例6と同様にして直径6mm、長さ200mmの脈管プロテーゼを製造した。ポリマー繊維押し出し機のための溶解生成物としてはCarboSil20を用い、0.32mmの直径を有する完全に円形のフィラメントを作成した。フィラメントは最初は195℃の温度で作成し、その後、空気流によって冷却すると、フィラメントは130℃の温度で移植片と接触し、これにより確実にフィラメントを移植片に接着した。この実施例においては、巻き付けピッチは1.4mmとした。
ポリマーフィラメント押し出し機を用いることにより、他のパラメータを変化させないまま、移植片の動的コンプライアンスが向上した。したがって、ISOに従う移植片の機械的パラメータは以下の通りであった。全多孔率64%、キンキング径12mm、動的コンプライアンス10%。
生体外生物学的特性
本実施例は、電子カップリング試薬の存在下で可溶性ホルマザン塩を生産する活性ミトコンドリアによるテトラゾリウム塩の開裂に基づいている。したがって、この変換のみが起こるのは生存細胞のみである。
生体内生物学的特性
実施例4に記載されたようにして製造した脈管移植片をイヌの大腿動脈に移植した。移植片は移植から30日後に組織学的処理のために取り出した。
生体内生物学的特性
実施例4に記載されたようにして製造した脈管移植片をイヌの右脚動脈に移植した。比較のために、εPTFE移植片をイヌの左脚動脈に移植しておく。移植された移植片を、移植から6週間後に撮影した。
Claims (34)
- (a)第1の電位を有する析出電極によって第1の電界を提供する工程と;
(b)前記析出電極に対して第2の電位にある補助電極によって規定される第2の電界を提供する工程と;
(c)第1の液化ポリマーを前記析出電極上にエレクトロスピニングすることにより、所定の第1の多孔率を有する第1の層を提供する工程と;
(d)第2の液化ポリマーを前記析出電極上にエレクトロスピニングすることにより、前記所定の第1の多孔率より大きい所定の第2の多孔率を有する第2の層を提供する工程と;
(e)第2の液化ポリマーをエレクトロスピニングする工程の前に、少なくとも1つのさらに別の液化ポリマーを前記析出電極上にエレクトロスピニングすることにより、前記第1の層と前記第2の層の間に介在された少なくとも1つの中間層を提供する工程と
を含む脈管プロテーゼの製造方法であって、前記第2の電界は第1の電界に変更を加えるためのものであり、前記補助電極は、前記析出電極上に形成されるポリマー繊維シェルの繊維配向を制御する役目を果たすことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記析出電極は回転心棒である請求項1の方法。
- 請求項1の方法であって、前記エレクトロスピング工程のそれぞれは:
(i)前記液化ポリマーに荷電して、それによって荷電された液化ポリマーを得ることと;
(ii)前記荷電された液化ポリマーを第1の電界に供することと;
(iii)前記第1の電界内で前記荷電された液化ポリマーを前記析出電極の方向に分散させることと
を含んでいる方法。 - (a)第1の電位を有する析出電極によって第1の電界を提供する工程と;
(b)前記析出電極に対して第2の電位にある補助電極によって規定される第2の電界を提供する工程と;
(c)第1の液化ポリマーを前記析出電極上にエレクトロスピニングすることにより、所定の第1の多孔率を有する第1の層を提供する工程と;
(d)第2の液化ポリマーを前記析出電極上にエレクトロスピニングすることにより、所定の第2の多孔率を有する第2の層を提供する工程と;
(e)第2の液化ポリマーをエレクトロスピニングする工程の前に、少なくとも1つのさらに別の液化ポリマーを前記析出電極上にエレクトロスピニングすることにより、前記第1の層と前記第2の層の間に介在された少なくとも1つの中間層を提供する工程と;
(f)前記第1の層、前記第2の層および前記少なくとも1つの中間層のうちの少なくとも1つの少なくとも一方の周囲にフィラメントを巻き付けて、少なくとも1つのコイル模様を含む少なくとも1つの層を提供する工程と
を含む脈管プロテーゼの製造方法であって、前記第2の電界は第1の電界に変更を加えるためのものであり、前記補助電極は、前記析出電極上に形成されるポリマー繊維シェルの繊維配向を制御する役目を果たすことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記巻き付け工程と、少なくとも1つの前記エレクトロスピニング工程とが同時に行われる請求項4の方法。
- 前記フィラメントの前記巻き付け工程に先だって、ポリウレタン溶液によって前記フィラメントをコーティングする工程をさらに含む請求項4の方法。
- 前記第1の電界は、前記析出電極と、前記析出電極に対して第1の電位にある分散電極との間に規定される請求項3の方法。
- 前記補助電極は、前記第1の電界における不均一性を低減する役目を果たす請求項4の方法。
- 前記補助電極は、前記析出電極上に形成される前記ポリマー繊維シェルの繊維配向を制御する役目を果たす請求項4の方法。
- 前記第1の層が内層であり、前記第2の層が外層である請求項1の方法。
- 前記第1の層および前記第2の層のそれぞれが、独立して管状構造を有する請求項1の方法。
- 前記フィラメントはポリマー繊維押し出し機によって形成される請求項4の方法。
- 前記ポリマーフィラメント押し出し機は、溶融ポリマーを収容する浴槽を含む請求項12の方法。
- 前記溶融ポリマーは生体適合性溶融ポリマーである請求項13の方法。
- 前記生体適当性溶融ポリマーの少なくとも一部は溶融ポリウレタンを含む請求項14の方法。
- 前記ポリマー繊維押し出し機の退出時に空気流によって前記フィラメントを冷却する工程をさらに含む請求項13の方法。
- 前記コーティング工程は、前記フィラメントを前記ポリウレタン溶液に浸漬することを含む請求項6の方法。
- 前記フィラメントの前記巻き付け工程の前、最中または後に前記フィラメントを加熱する工程をさらに含む請求項4の方法。
- (a)第1の電位を有する回転心棒の形の析出電極によって第1の電界を提供する工程と;
(b)前記析出電極に対して第2の電位にある補助電極によって規定される第2の電界を提供する工程と;
(c)第1の液化ポリマーを前記回転心棒上にエレクトロスピニングすることにより、所定の第1の多孔率を有する第1の層を提供する工程と;
(d)第2の液化ポリマーを前記回転心棒上にエレクトロスピニングすることにより、所定の第2の多孔率を有する第2の層を提供する工程と;
(e)第2の液化ポリマーをエレクトロスピニングする工程の前に、少なくとも1つのさらに別の液化ポリマーを前記回転心棒上にエレクトロスピニングすることにより、前記第1の層と前記第2の層の間に介在された少なくとも1つの中間層を提供する工程と
を含む脈管プロテーゼの製造方法であって、前記第2の電界は第1の電界に変更を加えるためのものであり、前記補助電極は、前記析出電極上に形成されるポリマー繊維シェルの繊維配向を制御する役目を果たすこと、および前記方法は、前記エレクトロスピニング工程の前、最中または後に前記心棒を加熱する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記心棒の前記加熱は、外部加熱と内部加熱からなる群より選ばれる請求項19の方法。
- 前記外部加熱は、少なくとも1つの赤外線放熱器によるものである請求項20の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの赤外線放熱器は、赤外線ランプである請求項20の方法。
- 前記内部加熱は内蔵加熱器によるものである請求項22の方法。
- 前記内蔵加熱器はオーミック内蔵加熱器である請求項23の方法。
- 前記フィラメントは、ポリプロピレンフィラメントとポリウレタンフィラメントからなる群より選ばれる請求項4の方法。
- 前記フィラメントは、円形断面、楕円形断面、多角形断面、および不規則模様断面からなる群より選ばれる断面を有している請求項4の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの中間層は、前記第1の層と前記コイル模様との間、前記コイル模様と前記第2の層との間、および2つの調和したコイル模様間に交互に介在された複数の接着サブ層を含む請求項4の方法。
- 前記接着サブ層は不透水性接着サブ層である請求項27の方法。
- 前記接着サブ層はエレクトロスピニングにより作成されたポリマー繊維から形成される請求項28の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの中間層は所定の多孔率を有する請求項1の方法。
- 前記第1の液化ポリマーおよび前記第2の液化ポリマーのそれぞれが、独立して生体適合性である請求項1の方法。
- 前記第1の液化ポリマー、前記第2の液化ポリマー、および前記少なくとも1つのさらに別の液化ポリマーのそれぞれが、独立して生体適合性である請求項1の方法。
- 前記第1の液化ポリマー、前記第2の液化ポリマー、および前記少なくとも1つのさらに別の液化ポリマーのそれぞれが、独立して、ポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維およびポリウレタン繊維からなる群より選ばれる請求項1の方法。
- (a)第1の電位を有する析出電極によって第1の電界を提供する工程と;
(b)前記析出電極に対して第2の電位にある補助電極によって規定される第2の電界を提供する工程と;
(c)第1の液化ポリマーを前記析出電極上にエレクトロスピニングすることにより、所定の第1の多孔率を有する第1の層を提供する工程と;
(d)第2の液化ポリマーを前記析出電極上にエレクトロスピニングすることにより、所定の第2の多孔率を有する第2の層を提供する工程と;
(e)第2の液化ポリマーをエレクトロスピニングする工程の前に、少なくとも1つのさらに別の液化ポリマーを前記析出電極上にエレクトロスピニングすることにより、前記第1の層と前記第2の層の間に介在された少なくとも1つの中間層を提供する工程と;
(f)体脈管系内への脈管プロテーゼの移植中または移植後に少なくとも1つの薬剤を体脈管系内に送達するために、少なくとも1つの薬剤を、前記第1の液化ポリマー、前記第2の液化ポリマー、および前記少なくとも1つのさらに別の液化ポリマーのうちの少なくとも1つに組み込む工程と
を含む脈管プロテーゼの製造方法であって、前記第2の電界は第1の電界に変更を加えるためのものであり、前記補助電極は、前記析出電極上に形成されるポリマー繊維シェルの繊維配向を制御する役目を果たすこと、および前記第1の液化ポリマー、前記第2の液化ポリマー、および前記少なくとも1つのさらに別の液化ポリマーのそれぞれが、独立して、生体分解性液化ポリマーと生体安定性液化ポリマーとの組み合わせであることを特徴とする方法。
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PCT/IL2001/001172 WO2002049536A2 (en) | 2000-12-19 | 2001-12-17 | Improved vascular prosthesis and method for production thereof |
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