JP3911276B2 - 体の組織にファスナを取り付けるための装置 - Google Patents

体の組織にファスナを取り付けるための装置 Download PDF

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JP3911276B2
JP3911276B2 JP2004334089A JP2004334089A JP3911276B2 JP 3911276 B2 JP3911276 B2 JP 3911276B2 JP 2004334089 A JP2004334089 A JP 2004334089A JP 2004334089 A JP2004334089 A JP 2004334089A JP 3911276 B2 JP3911276 B2 JP 3911276B2
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fastener
tissue
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リー ボールダック
トーマス エイ クレイマー
ブライアン エイ ホッジズ
ティム マッコイ
ジョン ランズフォード
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/064Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/0469Suturing instruments for use in minimally invasive surgery, e.g. endoscopic surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels, umbilical cord
    • A61B17/128Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels, umbilical cord for applying or removing clamps or clips
    • A61B17/1285Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels, umbilical cord for applying or removing clamps or clips for minimally invasive surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00004(bio)absorbable, (bio)resorbable or resorptive
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/06Needles ; Sutures; Needle-suture combinations; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/06066Needles, e.g. needle tip configurations
    • A61B2017/06076Needles, e.g. needle tip configurations helically or spirally coiled
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/06Needles ; Sutures; Needle-suture combinations; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/06166Sutures
    • A61B2017/06171Sutures helically or spirally coiled
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/064Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue
    • A61B2017/0649Coils or spirals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/0063Implantable repair or support meshes, e.g. hernia meshes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S227/00Elongated-member-driving apparatus
    • Y10S227/901Surgical clip appliers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S227/00Elongated-member-driving apparatus
    • Y10S227/902Surgical clips or staples
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S606/00Surgery
    • Y10S606/907Composed of particular material or coated
    • Y10S606/91Polymer
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S606/00Surgery
    • Y10S606/916Tool for installing or removing orthopedic fastener
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T24/00Buckles, buttons, clasps, etc.
    • Y10T24/46Pin or separate essential cooperating device therefor
    • Y10T24/4693Pin or separate essential cooperating device therefor having specific wire penetrating portion
    • Y10T24/4695Wire curved or bent

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Description

本発明は、外科用ファスナ及びそれと関連したアプリケータに関し、特に組織に材料を外科的に固定することに関する。
ファスナは、時間の浪費と不便の両方である縫合の必要を除去するのに外科的に使用されている。多くの用途において、外科医はステープラ装置、即ち、縫合によって行うのに長時間かかっていたことを数秒で行うために外科用ファスナを充填したファスナ埋め込み装置を使用することができる。これにより患者の出血量及び外傷を減ずる。
従来の外科用ファスナは普通の金属製ステープルの形態であった。これは送出し装置によって曲げられて体の組織をフック止めする。典型的には、従来のステープルは一端がクラウンによって互いに接合された一対の脚部を有する。クラウンはこれら脚部を連結する直線部材であり、或は頂点を形成する。その上、脚部はクラウンから実質的に垂直に或いはクラウンから或る角度で延びる。しかし、特定の形状には関わりなく、従来のステープルは体の組織を保持するように変形されるように設計されている。
従って、従来のステープラのアプリケータは、従来のステープルを組織内へ突出させると共に、ステープルが組織に対して保持されるようにステープルを変形させるように機能する構造になっている。一般に、典型的なアプリケータは、該アプリケータから従来のステープルを射出する手段と協働するアンビルを含んでいる。或る用途では、2つの反対方向から体の組織に接近でき、アンビルはステープルの脚部が体の組織を貫通してから、その脚部を変形させるように作動することができる。1方向からしか組織に接近できない用途では、アンビルは、ステープルを組織に対して保持するような仕方でステープルの脚部が体の組織内へ突出するように従来のステープルのクラウンを変形させる。
従来のステープルは変形を必要とし、アンビル、又はステープルを変形させる他の手段を有するアプリケータと協働しなければならないため、従来のアプリケータは典型的には複雑な構造を有し、非常に高価になることがある。従来のアプリケータはファスナをただ射出するだけではなく、ファスナが適確にそしてタイムリーに変形するようにファスナを射出するように機能する構造でなければならない。
或る用途では、従来のアプリケータは、アンビルは適所に出入りさせるように機能する構造を備えなければならず、従ってファスナがアプリケータから射出されるとき、アンビルが適切に位置決めされ、一度ファスナの変形が完了すると、その位置から立ち去り、これによりこの工程を繰り返せる。その上、アンビルはファスナの変形が正確に反復されるように正しい形状に形成されなければならない。更に、ファスナとアンビルとの間の力は反復変形が行なわれるように制御されなければならない。この分野の多くの発明の目的は単一のレバーの簡単な操作によりこれらの目標を達成することにあった。従って、ファスナのアプリケータは複雑で高価な器具になっていたことが分かる。
2部品ファスナが従来から利用されており、ステープルを適所に保持するためにあご付きステープルが保持片と関連して使用されている。典型的には、2部品ステープルは、クラウン或いはバックスパンと、別個の保持片に係合されかつ係止される、2つのあご付きプロングとを有する。使用中、ステープルが体の組織内に押し込まれ、あごが組織に侵入して組織の裏側から現れ、そこであごは保持片の中へ係止される。リテーナはステープルが弛んで組織から出るのを防ぐ。これら2部品ファスナは係止を解除することができず、取り外せない。
しかし、他の従来の用途と同様に、2部品ファスナでは、ステープル射出装置が組織にその両側から接近する必要がある。従って、他の従来の用途と同様に、2部品ファスナは組織の1方向だけからしか接近できない場所には使用できないため限界がある。
移植処置におけるように、体の組織への接近が1方向に限られるような状況では、変形可能な外科用ファスナが従来から採用されてきた。しかし、上述のように、これらの状況で一般に使用されるアプリケータはファスナを変形させるために該ファスナと協働するアンビルを包含し、従って、複雑な設計のものになる傾向がある。
本分野では或る進歩がなされており、組織に移植片を取付けるように機能するアプリケータは例えばアンビルを備える必要がなく、従ってより簡単な設計を有する。特に、本分野ではあご付きファスナを採用してファスナを変形させる必要性をなくすことが提案されている。しかし、ファスナを接合部及び組織内に押し込む際にあごによって接合部及び組織内に作られた通路により、ファスナの握持をゆるませたり、係合から完全に外れるかも知れないため、上記のようなファスナでは限界がある。更に、組織を保持するのに頼ることのできるのはあごだけであるため、あご付ファスナが組織を適所にしっかりと保持するのに十分大きな保持表面積を有していないかも知れないという点であご付きファスナでは更に限界がある。
従来のファスナ及びアプリケータと関連した問題及び限界を回避或いは克服するために、組織との保持接触のための高い表面積を有する外科用ファスナを分配し、また体の組織内へ1方向から供給することができる簡単なアプリケータを採用するのが良い。本発明はこれらの特徴を具体化したものである。
本発明は、体の組織にファスナを取り付けるための装置であって、各々螺旋形状を有する複数のファスナと、遠位部分及び近位部分を有し、体の組織に前記ファスナを取り付けるためのアプリケータ、とを含み、前記遠位部分は細長いアウタチューブ、連結端、及び末端部を有し、前記末端部は雌ねじ山を有し、前記近位部分はハンドル及びアクチュエータを有し、前記近位部分は前記遠位部分の前記連結端に取り付けられ、前記複数のファスナは、前記遠位部分内に形成され、且つ前記アクチュエータの操作において前記ねじ山により前進する装置を提供する。
また本発明は外科用ファスナ、及びそのファスナを体の組織内へ供給するのに使用されるアプリケータを含む。本発明のファスナ及びアプリケータは、組織を結紮すること、ヘルニア用メッシュの修復、腫れた首部のサスペンション、を含む数多くの医学的処置に、また埋め込み用薬剤の供給システム、或いは外科用または埋め込み可能な装置の患者の体内への埋め込みを含む処置と関連して使用される。
本発明の外科用ファスナの好適な実施形態は連続した螺旋コイルの形状に形成される。この連続した螺旋コイルは長手方向に伸縮できる。組織内への浸入を高めるための先端は螺旋ファスナの遠位端部である。螺旋ファスナの近位端部はファスナの直径を分断するT字型バーを有しており、これにより、ファスナがコルクねじ作用によって組織内へ押し進められるように長手方向及び回転方向の力を受けてこれを伝達する面を提供する。螺旋ファスナのピッチ及び長さは、ファスナを構成する最近位及び遠位のコイルの直径及び形状と同様に、用途に応じて変わるのが良い。更に、材料の選択及びファスナの硬さは考えられる特定の用途により選択されるのが良い。
外科用ファスナの別の実施形態では、ファスナは同様に長手方向に伸縮できる2重の連続した螺旋コイルを有し、このコイルは用途に応じて種々の形状をなしていても良い。その上、2重の螺旋ファスナの遠位端部は組織への浸入を高めるために2つの先端を有し、近位端部は2つの螺旋を連結し2重の螺旋ファスナの直径を分断する連結バーを有している。更に別の実施形態では、外科用ファスナはファスナの中心を通って延び、ファスナに安定ピボットを与えるように働らく旋回ポストを有する。何れの実施形態でも、固定特性を高めるために、先端の近くに1つ或いはそれ以上のあごを使用しても良い。
本発明のファスナのアプリケータの好適な実施形態は近位部分及び遠位部分を有する。近位部分は「再使用可能な」要素として製造し、遠位部分は「使い捨て可能な」要素として製造するのが好ましい。別の例として、近位部分及び遠位部分を共に使い捨てとして製造する事もできる。遠位部分は細長く、内部回転体、ロック/クリップインジケータ及び荷重ばねを収納するアウタチューブを含む。
近位部分はハンドルを有する。遠位部分の好適な実施形態では、連動ばねよりなるねじ山形態がアウタチューブ内に設けられる。回転体はその長手方向に沿って走行してファスナのT形バー或いは連結バーを受けるように機能する構造を備え、これにより回転体は複数のファスナを保持することが出来る。荷重ばねはロック/クリップインジケータに力を与え、アウタチューブ内で複数のばねをノーズ片に向けて遠位方向に付勢するように作動する。ねじの形態は螺旋ファスナのコイルと係合するように機能し、回転体が回転すると、ファスナはアプリケータの遠位端部から押し出される。アプリケータの別の実施形態では、遠位端部はファスナのコイルと係合してそれらをアプリケータの遠位端から出すように機能する他の種々の構造を有する。その他の1つの実施形態では、遠位端部はファスナに係合するためのノーズ片突出部を有する。
回転体を回転させるために、アプリケータの近位部分はハンドル、及び回転体と協働するアクチュエータを有する。好適な実施形態では、アプリケータの近位部分は中間点を中心にハンドルに枢動自在に取り付けられたレバーを有する。レバーの第1端部は手で握れるように形成され、第2端部はナットドライバに係合するようになっている。ナットドライバは回転体に連結された螺旋親ねじに沿って走行する。手でレバーを握るとナットドライバが親ねじに沿って走行してそれを回転させ、親ねじが回転体に連結することにより、親ねじの動作で回転体を回転させる。
更に、レバーは中間延長部を有する。レバーの中間延長部には、ハンドルの内部に形成された歯車歯に解放自在に係合するようになったばね付勢式爪が枢動自在に取り付けられる。ばね付勢式爪は、レバーが完全に押し下げられるまでレバーが反対方向にストロークするのを防止する。レバーが完全に押し下げられると、爪は歯車歯から外れ、爪を付勢するばねが爪を歯から離れる方向に回転させ、これによりレバーが押し下げられていない状態に戻る。
アプリケータの近位部分の別の実施形態では、レバーはハンドルの第1端部に枢動自在に取り付けられ、第2端部はナットドライバに係合するようになっている。更に、ばね付勢式爪を使用する代わりに、近位部分のこの実施形態は、クラッチ組立体、或いは親ねじと回転体との間の解放自在な連結及びレバーが完全に押し下げられるまでレバーが反対方向にストロークするのを防止するための協働する手段を含んでいる。
限定のためではなく、説明の目的で含められた図面に示すように、本発明は連続螺旋ファスナ及びそのためのアプリケータに具体化される。螺旋ファスナは高い保持表面積を有し、アプリケータは簡単な設計を有し、かつ螺旋ファスナを、実質的に変形させずに一方向からだけ接近できる組織に投与するように機能する。或は従来のファスナは、組織を保持するのに変形を必要とし、その結果、ファスナを組織に取付けするのに複雑なアプリケータを要するため制限される。他の従来のファスナは、組織をしっかりと保持するための高い保持表面積を欠いている。更に他のファスナ/アプリケータ装置は、ファスナを組織に取付けることを行うために2方向から組織に接近することを必要とする。かくして、本発明の螺旋ファスナ及びアプリケータはファスナを組織に取付ける優れた手段を提供する。
本発明の一実施形態(図1、1A及び5)はファスナ10を組織の中へ回転させる新規なアプリケータを使用して組織に取付けられる螺旋ファスナ10に具体化される。螺旋ファスナ10の寸法及び物理的特性は、組織へのファスナ10の確実な取付けを保証するように選択される。同様に、ファスナ10を組織へ分配するのに利用されるアプリケータ12の寸法及び物理的特性はその用途に依存する。
好適な実施形態では、ファスナ10は、連続的な螺旋の形状に形成されており、用途により決定される深さ16、直径18及びピッチ20を有するのが良い。
連続的な螺旋は長手方向に伸縮できるのが良い。連続的な螺旋の断面形状は、好適な実施形態では実質的に円形であるが、四角形、長方形或いは三角形でも良い。ヘルニアの修復用のメッシュアンカーのような特定の用途では、予備形成されたピッチは0.050インチである。しかし、予備形成されたピッチは、0からコイルの直径の最大約3倍まで変化することができる。他の実施形態では、ファスナ10の保持力を最適にするために、ピッチ20がファスナ10の長さ方向に沿って変わることが考えられる。その上、連続的な螺旋コイルは組織への挿入時に、長手方向に伸縮できることが好ましいから最終的なピッチ31は予備形成されたピッチよりも小さくても、大きくても良い。コイルが剛性構造で作られることも考えられるが、この場合、ピッチは実質的に一定にされることになろう。好適な実施形態の直径は5mmであるのが良いが、1mmからそれ以上の範囲の設計も考えられる。実際には、ファスナ10の深さ16は、ファスナが組織へのファスナの侵入でファスナ10を適所に保持するのに充分であるように選択されなければならない。
その上、ファスナ10の遠位端部22は、ファスナ10の最遠位のコイル27(即ち最初のコイル)とそれに隣接したコイルとの間に間隙23が存在するように形成される。図1B〜1Eの好適な実施形態から分かるように、ファスナ10が組織25に押しつけられると、コイルの全てが最遠位のコイル27を除いて実質的に縮み、ファスナ10が組織25内へ回転されるに従って、ファスナ10が取るピッチ、もっと重要なこととして組織10への浸入度程度及び組織内でのファスナ10の最終ピッチを決定する間隙23を残す。図1Bは実質的に全てのコイルが圧縮されている状態を示しているが、ファスナ10を埋め込むのに利用されるアプリケータに応じて、一度に全てのコイルではなくいくつかのコイルを縮ませても良いことを理解すべきである。しかし、ファスナ10は長手方向に伸縮できるため、一般的に、最終的なピッチ31を決定するのは間隙23であることには変わりはない。従って、所望の最終的なピッチ31及び組織内での浸入29を達成するために、用途により間隙23の大きさを変えることができる。かくして、ファスナ10を組織に挿入する際に、間隙23が大きい程、組織内でのファスナ10の浸入29及び最終的なピッチ31は大きい。
好適な実施形態では、螺旋ファスナ10の遠位端部22は先端24で終っている。ファスナ10を取り付ける組織に応じて、先端24は鋭っていて良いし、鈍くても良い。また、ファスナのアンカー特性を高めるために、先端24とは反対方向に突出した1つ或いはそれ以上のあご或いは鋭った先端(図示せず)を、先端24の近くでファスナ10に加えることができる。螺旋ファスナ10の近位端部26は、付与された長手方向の力を受けて伝達するように機能する構造を有するのが良い。好適な実施形態では、最近位のコイルはファスナ10の直径18を垂直に分断するT形バー33に形成される。別の実施形態では、最近位のコイルが直径18を垂直には分断しない形状、或いは単一平面に存在する渦巻35の形状に形成することも考えられる。
螺旋ファスナ10の材料に関し、好適な実施形態では、ファスナを、螺旋形状に巻かれたチタンのような半剛性の埋め込み可能なワイヤで作ることが考えられる。別の実施形態では、螺旋ファスナ10は、プラスチック或いは吸収される材料よりなっていても良い。螺旋ファスナ10を作るのに使用しうる材料の例は、チタン、チタン合金、ステンレス剛、ニッケル、クロム合金、及び生物学的適合性のある埋め込み可能な金属を含む。材料の他のオプションは、液晶ポリマ、HDPE、ポリグリコール酸及び、ポリグリコリドヒドロキシ酢酸である。更に、組織へのファスナの挿入をより容易にする生物学的適合性のある潤滑材料をファスナ、或いはその一部に被覆することも望ましい。
外科用ファスナの別の実施形態では、ファスナ110は2重螺旋の形状に形成される(図2〜2C参照)。2重の螺旋にすることにより、ファスナ110の保持強度が増すと共に、組織に押し入れられるときファスナ110をバランスさせる手段が増す。螺旋ファスナ10と同様に、2重の螺旋ファスナ110の形状、即ち、予備成形されたピッチ及び直径は特定の用途に応じて変えられてもよく、組織内での固定を高めるために、あごを使用しても良い。更に考えられる材料は、螺旋ファスナの材料と同じである。更に2重の螺旋ファスナも長手方向に伸縮でき、その最終的なピッチは、ファスナ110の最遠位のコイル114、115と、これらに隣接したコイルとの間の間隙112に依存する。
2重の螺旋ファスナ110の近位端部118及び遠位端部120に関し、これらはファスナを組織内に押し込む構造、及び組織を突き刺す構造を有する。近位端部118は、ファスナの直径を分断し一方の螺旋コイルと他方の螺旋コイルとを連結する連結バー122を有しこの連結バーは長手方向の力を受けて伝達するように機能する。近位端部120はファスナ110を組織に突き刺してそれを押し込むのを容易にするための2つの先端124、125で終っている。
図2〜2Dを図3〜3Dと比較すると分かるように、2重の螺旋ファスナ110は全巻回設計(図2〜2D)と半巻回設計(図3〜3D)を有することが考えられる。しかし、1巻回以上の設計、及び巻回増分の設計も考えられることを理解されたい。特定のファスナ110にとって必要な巻回数を決定するのはアプリケータである。
図4に示すように外科用ファスナの更に別の実施形態では、2重の螺旋ファスナ110は、鋭い末端部132を有するピボットポスト130を備えている。この実施形態のピボットポスト130はファスナ110が回わっているとき螺旋コイルが協働して組織に入るように、ファスナ110に安定化要素を与えるように作動する。
アプリケータ12(図5)は、ハンドル30とアクチュエータ32とを有する近位部分、及び複数のファスナを収納した協働する細長い遠位部分、即ちカニューレ34を有する。
一般に、アクチュエータ32の操作により、ファスナは遠位部分34から体の組織の中へ一つずつ射出される。以下により詳しく述べるアプリケータ12は上述の各実施形態のファスナを組織内へ押し込むのに同等に優れている。
図3には示されていないが、回転体38に溝を設ける変わりに、回転体38の断面形状を実質的にD形とし、その平坦部分がファスナを区切るコイルに係合するように作動することも考えられる。しかしながら、回転体の形状には関わりなく、回転体は、複数のファスナに係合し、それらを組織内へ回すのを容易にするように機能する構造とされる。
荷重ばね42がロック/クリップインジケータ40を介して力を付与して複数のファスナを遠位方向に付勢することも理解すべきである。ロック/クリップインジケータ40は、ファスナ及び回転体38に係合し、また荷重ばね42から力を受けるように寸法決めされかつ成形された簡単な座金からなるのが良い。また、ロック/クリップインジケータ40は、末端部50からなり、回転を防止する構造体と合い或いはこれに当接することにより、全てのファスナの放出時に、回転体38による更なる作動を阻止するジャムストッパとして役立つ。ロック/クリップインジケータ40は、これ以上ファスナがないことを使用者に知らせる、空インジケータとして役立つ色で(或いは形状で)作ることができる。インジケータ40が、ファスナを遠位方向に付勢する力を伝達するように機能する限り、インジケータ40のその他の実施形態を利用することもできる。荷重ばね42はアウタチューブ36内に保持され、前端部43を介してアプリケータ12内に収納されている残りのファスナに充分な力を付与するように物理的特性を有している。荷重ばね42の後端(図示せず)は、アウタチューブ36内の定置構造物に当接して配置されるのが良く、これによりばね42を圧縮することができる基礎を提供する。好適な実施形態では、荷重ばね42は、実質的に遠位部分34の長さに延びている。
好適な実施形態(図7及び7A)では、アウタチューブ36には、このアウタチューブ36内に固定して保持され、実質的に該アウタチューブ36の長さに延びる連動ばね203よりなるねじ形態201が形成される。連動ばね203は、部品間のきつい干渉を確保することにより、アウタチューブ36内に固定して保持されても良いし、或いは連動ばねをアウタチューブ内にスポット溶接またはそれと均等に結合しても良い。ねじ形態201は、遠位部分34内でファスナを案内してそれらをアプリケータ12から射出するように作動する。
アプリケータ12の他の実施形態では、遠位部分は、外科用ファスナに係合してそれらをアプリケータから組織内へ案内するように機能する他の構造或いはねじ形態になされる(図12〜14参照)。図12、12A、13及び14を参照すると、これらはファスナに係合してそれを射出させるように作動するねじ山が形成された末端部46をそれぞれ有する。図12及び12Aは、アウタチューブの内側に機械加工され、或いはもっぱら形成されたねじ山が示される。図13は、アウタチューブ36の末端部46の外側に取付けられた雌ねじ付きスリーブを示している。図14は、雌・雄ねじ山を構造するように変形された末端部46を備えるアプリケータ12を示している。しかし、アプリケータの末端部に選択された設計には関わりなく、各設計は比較的小さな全体的な外径、即ち、約5mmの外径を有しているのが効果的である。
遠位部分34から外科用ファスナを射出すために、アクチュエータ32は回転体38を回わすように機能する。回転体が回わすと、ファスナの遠位端部22は、アプリケータ12の末端部46からねじ式に出る。
アプリケータ12の部分28の好適な実施形態(図5参照)では、レバー54は、中間点56を中心にハンドル30に枢動自在に連結される。レバー54の第1端部58は、手で掴めるような形状に形成される。レバーの第2端部60は、ナットドライバ62に枢動可能に係合するようになっている。
アプリケータ12のナットドライバ62は、近位部分28内に回転自在に取り付けられた高い螺旋親ねじ64上を走行する。好適な実施形態では、高い螺旋親ねじ64の長手方向軸線は、アプリケータ12の遠位部分34を貫通する長手方向軸線52と同軸である。レバー54を操作すると、ナットドライバ62は親ねじ64に沿って走行して該親ねじ64を、該親ねじと回転体38との連結により回転させ、この親ねじ64の作用により回転体を回転させる。親ねじ64は、在来の手段で回転体38に連結されるのが良い。例えば、親ねじ64は、回転体38の端部を受け入れてこれに係合する内部穴を有することができる。更に、親ねじ64に沿うナットドライバ62の走行長さは、単一の螺旋ファスナ10をアプリケータ12から射出させるように回転体を所定の回数回転させるように選択される。
更に、好適な実施形態では、レバーは、中間延長部66を更に有している。ハンドル30の内部に形成された歯車歯70に解放自在に係合するようになったばね付勢式爪68が、レバー54の中間延長部66に枢動自在に取り付けられる。
ばね付勢式爪68は、レバー54が完全に押し下げられるまで、該レバー54が逆ストロークするのを防止するよう形成される。レバー54が完全に押し下げられると、爪68は歯車歯70から離れ、爪68を付勢しているばねが爪68を歯70から離れるように回転させ、これによりレバー54をその押し下げられない状態に戻る。
作動中、レバー54の押し下げを終えると、ナットドライバ62は親ねじ64に沿って所定の距離走行し、特定の螺旋ファスナ10の巻回数に対応する所定の回転数回転体38を回転させる。回転体38が回転すると、回転体によって保持されたファスナも回転し、最遠位のファスナのコイルはアプリケータ12の末端部46からねじ式に出て組織内へ挿入される。その上、レバー54がほんの一部押し下げられる場合には、ばね付勢式爪68は、レバー54を定置状態に保持するように働き、レバー54が完全に押し下げられるまでレバー54を定置状態に保持するように機能し続ける。このように、体の組織へのファスナの送出は、一度に1つのファスナだけがアプリケータ12から完全に射出されて体の組織内へ押し込まれるように制御される。
好適な実施形態では、近位部分28は再度殺菌できる再使用可能なハンドルを有するよう作られ、遠位部分は使い捨て可能に作られる。かくして、遠位部分34から全てのファスナが放出されるとき、遠位部分は捨てられて交換される。ハンドルは限度はあるが、ある処置回数までは再使用可能である。
アプリケータ312(図15)の近位部分328の別の実施形態では、レバー354は第1端部355の箇所でハンドル330に枢動自在に連結され、ばね357により押し下げられない位置に付勢される。レバー354の中間部358は、手で握れるように形成される。レバーの第2端部360はナットドライブ362に枢動可能に係合するようになっている。
アプリケータ312のナットドライバ362は、近位部分328内に回転自在に取り付けられた高い螺旋親ねじ364に沿って走行する。レバー354を操作すると、ナットドライバが親ねじ364に沿って走行してそれを回転させ、クラッチ組立体或いは親ねじ364と回転体との解放可能な連結により、親ねじの作用で回転体を回転させる。
更に、レバー354は中間延長部366を有し、この中間延長部366はそれに形成された歯370に解放自在に係合するようになった、ハンドルに固定された、ばね付勢式ラッチ爪機構368と協働する。ばね付勢式爪は、レバーが完全に押し下げられるまで、レバー354が逆戻りするのを阻止するように成形される。レバー354が完全に押し下げられると、ラッチ爪368は中間歯370をから離れ、ばね付勢式ラッチ爪が歯から離れるよう回転し、これにより、レバー354は押し下げられていない状態に戻る。
上述のように、親ねじ364と回転体はその間に解放自在な連結がある。解放自在な連結により、アプリケータにその遠位部分を近位部分から係合を外す手段を提供する。このように、近位部分は、その種々の異なる設計で再使用することができる。更に、レバー354が押し下げられている間、クラッチ組立体或いは解放可能な連結は、親ねじ364の回転を回転体38に伝達するように機能し、これにより回転体を回転させる。更に、レバーが完全に押し下げられると、クラッチ組立体は親ねじ364と回転体との相互運動を許容するように作動する。
考えられる1つのこのような解放可能な連結は従来のラチェット機構である。
図16〜16Dに示すように、親ねじ364の遠位端部370は、係合面377を有する板ばね374、376及び親ねじの長手方向軸線に同軸の内部穴378を備えた連結面372を有する。回転体38の近位端部380は、板ばね374、376との解放可能な係合のための隆起部384を有する協働連結面382と、親ねじ連結面の内部穴内に嵌るようになっている延長部386とを有している。図面から分かるように、親ねじが回わって隆起部384が板ばね374、376の係合面377に接触すると、親ねじ364の回転により回転体38を同様に回転させる。
親ねじが反対方向に回わされる場合には、隆起部384は板ばねの係合面に係合せず、親ねじ384の運動は回転体38には伝達されない。
この実施形態では、レバー354が完全に押し下げられると、ナットドライバ362は親ねじ364に沿って所定の距離走行し、回転体38を所定の回数回転させる。回転体38が回転すると、回転体により保持されたファスナも回転し、最遠位端のファスナのコイルがアプリケータからねじ作用で出て組織内へ挿入される。この時点で、ラッチ爪機構368は歯370から係合が外れ、レバー354はばね357によりその押し下げられていない位置まで戻される。近位部分28の前の実施形態と同様に、この実施形態の近位部分も一度に1つのファスナだをアプリケータから完全に射出されて、体の組織内へ押し込むように機能する。
他の実施形態では、回転体を回転させる手段は、手で回せる回転体に連結された単一のノブを有していても良い。また、回転する手段は、ラッチと歯車構造、或いは1組の傘歯車を有していても良い。更に、回転体は溝を有する代わりに、雌ねがが切られても良く、この場合、このねじ山付き部分は螺旋ファスナを収納してそれを前進させる。しかし、使用するこのような手段或いは構造に関わりなく、回転体の回転数を、螺旋ファスナの組織内への送出を制御できるように所定のパラメータに設定すべきであると考えられる。
以上から、本発明のアプリケータ内の螺旋ファスナは、簡単な設計のアプリケータを利用することにより、高い保持面領域を有するファスナを組織に一方向からしっかりと取付けるように機能することが理解されよう。また、本発明は、組織を結紮すること、ヘルニア用メッシュの修復、腫れた首部のサスペンション、を含む数多くの用途、また埋め込み用薬剤の投与システム、或いは外科用または埋め込み可能な装置の患者への埋め込みを含む処置に関連して、利用しても良いことも理解されよう。
本発明の特定の形態を幾つか示し説明したが、本発明の精神及び範囲から逸脱せずに種々の変更を行えることも明らかであろう。従って、本発明の精神及び範囲から逸脱せずに、本発明の形態、詳細及び応用に種々の変更を行えることを理解されたい。
螺旋ファスナの側面図を示す、本発明のファスナの斜視図である。 螺旋ファスナの端面図を示す、本発明のファスナを他の斜視図である。 組織に部分的に挿入された比較的小さな間隙をもった実質的に縮めた螺旋ファスナを示す、本発明のファスナの概略図である。 組織に完全に挿入された図1Bに示す螺旋ファスナを示す、本発明のファスナの概略図である。 組織に部分的に挿入された比較的大きな間隙をもった実質的に縮んだ螺旋ファスナを示す、本発明のファスナの概略図である。 組織に完全に挿入された図1Dに示す螺旋ファスナを示す、本発明のファスナの概略図である。 螺旋ファスナの端面図を示す、本発明の別の実施形態の斜視図である。 2重の螺旋ファスナを示す、本発明の別の実施形態の斜視図である。 図2の2重の螺旋ファスナの正面図である。 図2の2重の螺旋ファスナの側面図である。 図2の2重の螺旋ファスナの平面図である。 2重の螺旋ファスナの別の設計を示す、本発明の別の実施形態の斜視図である。 図3の2重の螺旋ファスナの正面図である。 図3の2重の螺旋ファスナの側面図である。 図3の2重の螺旋ファスナ平面図である。 中心ポストを有する螺旋ファスナを示す、本発明の斜視図である。 該アプリケータの側面図を示す、本発明のアプリケータの概略断面図である。 末端部の好適な実施形態を示す、アプリケータの末端部の概略断面図である。 図7に示すアプリケータの末端部の好適な実施形態の概略断面端面図である。 末端部の更に別の実施形態を示す、アプリケータの末端部の概略断面図である。 図12に示すアプリケータの末端部の実施形態の概略断面端面図である。 末端部の更に別の実施形態を示す、アプリケータの末端部の概略断面図である。 末端部の更に別の実施形態を示す、アプリケータの末端部の概略断面図である。 アプリケータの側面図を示す、本発明の別のアプリケータの概略断面図である。 親ねじと回転体との解放自在な連結の概略部分断面図である。 親ねじの端面図を示す、親ねじの遠位端部の概略端面図である。 図16に示す親ねじの側面図を示し、親ねじの遠位端部の概略図である。 回転体の側面図を示す、回転体の近位端部の概略図である。 図16Bに示す回転体の端面図を示す、回転体の近位端部の概略図である。
符号の説明
10、110 ファスナ
12、312 アプリケータ
22、120 遠位端部
118 近位端部
23、112 間隙
24 先端
27 コイル
28 近位部分
30 ハンドル
31 ピッチ
32 アクチュエータ
33 T形バー
34 遠位部分
35 渦巻
36 アウタチューブ
38 回転体
40 インジケータ
46 末端部
122 連結バー

Claims (9)

  1. 体の組織にファスナを取り付けるための装置であって、
    各々螺旋形状を有する複数のファスナと、
    遠位部分及び近位部分を有し、体の組織に前記ファスナを取り付けるためのアプリケータ、とを含み、
    前記遠位部分は細長いアウタチューブ、連結端、及び末端部を有し、前記末端部は雌ねじ山を有し、
    前記近位部分はハンドル及びアクチュエータを有し、前記近位部分は前記遠位部分の前記連結端に取り付けられ、
    前記複数のファスナは、前記遠位部分内に形成され、且つ前記アクチュエータの操作において前記ねじ山により前進する装置。
  2. 前記ねじ山が前記アウタチューブの内壁に形成されている、請求項1に記載の装置。
  3. 前記遠位部分が前記アウタチューブに取り付けられたスリーブを更に有し、前記スリーブが前記雌ねじ山を構成する、請求項1に記載の装置
  4. 前記ねじ山が前記アウタチューブの前記末端部を変形させることによって形成される、請求項1に記載の装置。
  5. 各前記ファスナが複数の隣接したコイルを構成し、少なくとも1つの前記ファスナが前記末端部のねじ山内に形成された前記隣接したコイルを有する、請求項1に記載の装置。
  6. 前記ねじ山が前記ファスナをその前記遠位部分から案内していく、請求項1に記載の装置。
  7. 前記アプリケータが、前記複数のファスナを受けるための、及び前記アクチュエータと協働するための回転体を更に有し、前記回転体が回転すると、前記ファスナが前記遠位部分を前記ねじ山により前進する、請求項1に記載の装置。
  8. 前記アクチュエータを操作するとき、前記ファスナが前記ねじ山により回転される、請求項1に記載の装置。
  9. 前記ファスナの隣接するコイルの間に間隔が形成されるように前記雌ねじ山が形成されており、それにより前記ファスナの前記遠位部分が雌ねじ山を出るときに、前記ファスナのピッチが定められるようになっている、請求項に記載の装置。
JP2004334089A 1994-08-05 2004-11-18 体の組織にファスナを取り付けるための装置 Expired - Lifetime JP3911276B2 (ja)

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EP0834283B1 (en) 2002-08-28
DE69527990D1 (de) 2002-10-02
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US5810882A (en) 1998-09-22
ES2183079T3 (es) 2003-03-16
US20080097523A1 (en) 2008-04-24
ES2322989T3 (es) 2009-07-03
DE69527991D1 (de) 2002-10-02
DE69531746T2 (de) 2004-04-29
DE69527968T2 (de) 2003-04-30
EP0834283A1 (en) 1998-04-08
DE69531746D1 (de) 2003-10-16
JP3691851B2 (ja) 2005-09-07
ES2183081T3 (es) 2003-03-16
ES2206651T3 (es) 2004-05-16
JPH10506026A (ja) 1998-06-16
US6296656B1 (en) 2001-10-02
EP0834285B1 (en) 2003-09-10
US6884248B2 (en) 2005-04-26
EP0835642A1 (en) 1998-04-15
EP1382302A1 (en) 2004-01-21
EP0835641A1 (en) 1998-04-15
JP2005118590A (ja) 2005-05-12
ATE222729T1 (de) 2002-09-15
EP2263559A2 (en) 2010-12-22
ATE222730T1 (de) 2002-09-15
US20030135226A1 (en) 2003-07-17
ATE222731T1 (de) 2002-09-15
EP2263559A3 (en) 2011-03-16
EP2047807B1 (en) 2012-10-10
US20020013605A1 (en) 2002-01-31
ES2182906T3 (es) 2003-03-16
ATE249170T1 (de) 2003-09-15
EP0773742B1 (en) 2002-08-28
CA2276204A1 (en) 1996-02-15
DE69527990T2 (de) 2003-04-30
EP0773742A1 (en) 1997-05-21
EP0834284A1 (en) 1998-04-08
CA2276204C (en) 2001-10-23
CA2196905A1 (en) 1996-02-15
EP0834282A1 (en) 1998-04-08
EP2047807A1 (en) 2009-04-15
DE69527989T2 (de) 2003-04-30
EP0835642B1 (en) 2002-08-28
EP1382302B1 (en) 2009-03-25
US5824008A (en) 1998-10-20
ES2183080T3 (es) 2003-03-16
CA2196905C (en) 1999-09-07
EP0834282B1 (en) 2002-08-28
DE69527992T2 (de) 2003-04-30
DE69535933D1 (de) 2009-05-07
WO1996003925A1 (en) 1996-02-15
EP0834285A1 (en) 1998-04-08
CA2351901C (en) 2003-01-28
CA2351901A1 (en) 1996-02-15
US5582616A (en) 1996-12-10
US5964772A (en) 1999-10-12
US20040153101A1 (en) 2004-08-05
DE69527991T2 (de) 2003-04-30
DE69527968D1 (de) 2002-10-02
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DE69527992D1 (de) 2002-10-02
US6562051B1 (en) 2003-05-13
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ATE222728T1 (de) 2002-09-15
US8579919B2 (en) 2013-11-12

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