JP2021522525A - 標的の検出 - Google Patents
標的の検出 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021522525A JP2021522525A JP2021506384A JP2021506384A JP2021522525A JP 2021522525 A JP2021522525 A JP 2021522525A JP 2021506384 A JP2021506384 A JP 2021506384A JP 2021506384 A JP2021506384 A JP 2021506384A JP 2021522525 A JP2021522525 A JP 2021522525A
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Abstract
Description
本願は、それぞれの内容が、参照することによってそれらの全体として本明細書に組み込まれる、2018年4月19日に出願された米国仮出願第62/660,075号および2018年7月30日に出願された米国仮出願第62/711,784号の利益および優先権を主張する。
技術分野
本発明は、概して、微生物および分子の分析ならびに検出に関する。
微生物および分子を検出することは、人間医学、獣医学、農業、工業微生物学、および科学研究における重要な用途の基礎となる。感染性疾患診断は、微生物の検出が中心的役割を果たす、1つの重要な分野である。
利用可能な高速毒素免疫学的検定の比較的に低い感度および核酸ベースの検査の臨床的特異性の欠如は、現在の市場を、コロニー形成された患者を活動性クロストリジウム・ディフィシレ感染症がある患者と区別する、高臨床感度および特異性を伴うCDI診断検査が1つもない状態にしている。
本発明は、最小限のサンプル調製を要求する、サンプル内の微生物およびバイオマーカを検出するための方法およびデバイスを提供する。臨床医が、所望の臨床被分析物(または標的)の検出のために、サンプルを取得し、それをカートリッジ内に直接入れる。
本発明の方法およびデバイスは、単純な光学機器、最小限のサンプル調製、および迅速な検査所要時間を用いて、個々の標的を列挙する。本発明は、複合体サンプル内の有益な標的を超敏感に検出することができる。例えば、これは、最小限に処理された糞便サンプル内で直接、低レベルの疾患を引き起こすクロストリジウム・ディフィシレ毒素を検出することができる。別の実施例として、本発明の方法およびデバイスは、炭疽病を引き起こす低濃度の毒素を検出するために使用されることができる。
(参照による組み込み)
特許、特許出願、特許公開、定期刊行物、書籍、論文、ウェブコンテンツ等の他の文書の参照および引用が、本開示の全体を通して行われた。全てのそのような文書は、あらゆる目的のために、本明細書に参照することによってそれらの全体として本明細書に組み込まれる。
(均等物)
本発明およびその多くのさらなる実施形態の種々の修正が、本明細書に示され、説明されるものに加えて、本明細書で引用される科学および特許文献の参照を含む、本書の全内容から、当業者に明白となるであろう。本明細書の主題は、その種々の実施形態およびその均等物において本発明の実践に適合され得る、重要な情報、例示、および指針を含有する。
(実施例1)
サンプル内のクロストリジウム・ディフィシレ毒素Bの検出
本方法は、倍率を伴わずにデジタル撮像を使用して、蛍光染色されたナノ粒子で標識される分子を検出する。蛍光ナノ粒子標識を照明することは、それらに1:1f/4リレーレンズを使用して収集される光子を放射させる。粒子によって放射される光は、結果として生じる画像内に白点を形成する、デジタルカメラのCMOSチップ上のピクセルの小クラスタに衝突する。低被分析物濃度において、個別標識標的をデジタルで計数することは、検出面積全体からの信号を単純に積分することと比較して、より良好な信号対雑音比を発生させる。非拡大撮像は、広い視野が撮像されることを可能にし、数ミリ秒で大量のサンプル内の少数の標的分子の検出を可能にする。
(実施例2)
分析性能の推定。
(実施例3)
検定対照によるマトリックス影響の検出および軽減
陽性および中和検定対照が、サンプルマトリックス影響の検出および後続の軽減を促進するように設計された。検定対照および毒素B検査が、臨床サンプルおよび検定試薬を含有する混合物の同等アリコートに並行して実施された。陽性対照は、定義された量の混入毒素(100pg)を含む。予期される結果よりも低い陽性対照信号の偏差は、負の検定干渉(検定阻害)を示す。中和対照は、臨床サンプル内の毒素Bを隔離し、それを検定において検出不可能にする、毒素B中和抗体を含有する。このように、中和対照は、サンプル内の毒素Bに由来する特異的信号を非特異的信号と区別する。非特異的信号は、検出表面上の蛍光粒子または自己蛍光サンプル成分のいずれかの被分析物非依存性堆積に起因し得る。本研究では、臨床サンプルの訓練セットが、細胞毒性検定基準方法に対して診断正確度を最適化するための信号、中和、および干渉閾値を実験的に確立するために使用された。
(実施例4)
臨床サンプルでのクロストリジウム・ディフィシレ毒素B検査の正確度
クロストリジウム・ディフィシレ毒素B検査は、クロストリジウム・ディフィシレ感染症を有することが疑われる患者からの320個の臨床糞便サンプルを分析するために使用された。サンプルは、重複して検査された。本サンプル訓練セットからの結果は、毒素B細胞毒性検定基準方法の結果と比較された。受信者動作曲線分析が、正確度を最適化するための検定閾値を実験的に作成するために使用された。320個の臨床サンプルのうち、1つだけのサンプル(両方の複製)が、陽性対照の98%を上回る阻害を示したため、本分析から拒否された。
(実施例5)
クロストリジウム・ディフィシレ検定の性能の改良およびクロストリジウム・ディフィシレ毒素Aの添加
上記に示される表1は、マイクロプレート検定性能を表示する。表2は、カートリッジ/分析器性能を表示する。
高速単一分子計数方法が、糞便サンプル内で直接、クロストリジウム・ディフィシレ毒素Bを敏感に検出する
背景。サンプル調製を殆どまたは全く伴わずに糞便サンプル内の単一標的分子を計数する、新規のデジタル撮像技術に基づく超敏感MultiPathクロストリジウム・ディフィシレ毒素B検査が、開発された。クロストリジウム・ディフィシレ胃腸感染症に関する現在の検査は、不正確であり得る。クロストリジウム・ディフィシレ毒素免疫学的検定は、多くの場合、臨床感度が欠けている。核酸増幅検査は、優れた臨床感度を有するが、クロストリジウム・ディフィシレ感染症がある患者をクロストリジウム・ディフィシレ菌のキャリアである患者と区別することができないことに起因して、減退した臨床的特異性を有し得る。毒素の産生が、クロストリジウム・ディフィシレ感染症の特質であるため、本報告で提示されるもの等の超敏感クロストリジウム・ディフィシレ毒素検査は、現在の検査と関連付けられる問題に対処し、本破滅的感染症がある患者を検出するための改良された正確度を提供し得る。
分析結果。分析結果が、図23−25に示される。
(実施例7)
血液サンプルから直接の炭疽菌毒素致死因子の高速かつ敏感な検出
要約。致死性毒素のサブユニットである、分泌される致死因子(LF)は、炭疽菌感染症の最古の公知のバイオマーカであり、それを診断が本潜在的に致死性の病原体への暴露を検出するための論理的標的にする。現在、高速であり(30分よりも少ない結果までの時間)、医師の研究室内で使用するために十分に単純であり、感染症の初期に低濃度のLF(<100pg/mL)を検出するために十分に敏感である、炭疽菌LF検出のための商業用方法は、存在しない。MultiPath炭疽菌検査は、サンプル調製を伴わずに使い捨てカートリッジに添加される、少量(<60mL)の静脈または指穿刺全血に実施されることができる。いったん分析器の中に装填されると、検査は、さらなるユーザ入力を伴わずに自動的に進む。サンプル装填から診断結果までの時間は、20分よりも少なく、20個ものサンプルが、プラットフォーム上で同時に処理されることができる。純粋LFタンパク質を混入された全血サンプルを使用して判定される、検定の検出限界(LoD)は、<60pg/mLである。検定の動的範囲は、炭疽菌感染症の経過にわたって観察される広範囲のLF濃度を考慮すると、重要な性能測定基準である、5対数のLF濃度を網羅する。その使いやすさ、結果までの迅速な時間、および高感度により、MultiPath炭疽菌検査は、炭疽菌診断のためのツールキットにおける重要なギャップを潜在的に埋める。
(実施例8)
自動プラットフォーム上の高速かつ敏感な炭疽菌およびAST検査
本明細書の方法を使用する検査は、生命を救い、コストを低下させ、抵抗を減少させる。患者は、感染症の発症時に標的狭域療法を受ける。本方法は、罹患率、死亡率、および入院期間を低下させ、抵抗の拡散を減少させる。
本検査は、生物学的脅威事象に続いて炭疽菌を検出するステップを含む。本検査は、血液サンプル内の致死因子(LF)を検出する。LFは、炭疽菌によって分泌される毒素サブユニットであり、吸入炭疽感染症の初期に出現し、遊離して、または防御抗原に複合体形成されて生じる(致死性毒素)。本検査は、指穿刺または静脈全血サンプル(70μL)を含む。>150pg/mlの血液である場合、陽性検査結果が、存在する。内部対照が、正確度を改良する。
MultiPathプラットフォームが、使用されてもよい。プラットフォームは、卓上のサンプルから回答の検査器具(分析器)である。いかなるサンプル調製または培養/単離も、要求されない。生物識別(ID)または抗生物質感受性検査(AST)、もしくはそれらの組み合わせ/変異型のために、1つのカートリッジ内で1つのサンプルを検査する。8時間シフトあたり約40個の患者サンプルを実行する。約1/2時間(ID)および4時間(AST)の検査結果である。検査メニュー:拡張可能なカートリッジバーコードが、検査およびサンプル識別を含有する。場所:医師の診察室、救急、または病院の検査室。サイズ:約幅15インチ(38mm)、高さ15インチ(38mm)、および深さ24インチ(61mm)。電力:120〜240VAC、50〜60Hz。コンピュータ:内部。通信:顧客ネットワーク/LISを介する、またはUSBポートを介して手動。
Claims (41)
- 標的を検出するための方法であって、
分析のために生物学的サンプルをカセットに直接導入するステップと、
前記カセット内で第1の液体層内の光子標識を用いて前記サンプル内の標的を標識するステップと、
前記カセット内で前記サンプルから第2の液体層の中に光子標識標的を分離するステップと、
前記第2の層内の前記光子標識標的を検出するステップと、
を含む、方法。 - 前記標的は、細胞、ウイルス、および分子から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記分子は、タンパク質、核酸、炭水化物、および糖から選択される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記光子信号は、蛍光である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記光子標識は、蛍光粒子またはフルオロフォアである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記標的は、クロストリジウム・ディフィシレの毒素Aおよび毒素Bのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記標的は、炭疽菌細胞によって分泌されるバイオマーカを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記バイオマーカは、致死因子である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記標的は、磁性粒子を用いて標識される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記標的は、磁性粒子および光子標識を用いて標識される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記光子標識は、蛍光粒子である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記第1および第2の層は、異なる密度を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記標的は、微生物である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 光子標識は、1つまたはそれを上回る標的に結合する、蛍光標識抗体もしくはその断片を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記分離するステップは、
磁性粒子を前記サンプルに導入し、標的に結合することと、
磁場を印加し、前記サンプルから磁性粒子結合標的を分離することと、
を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記磁性粒子は、着目標的に結合する抗体を含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の液体層は、染料クッションであり、前記染料クッションは、
密度剤と、
光を吸収する染料と、
を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記カセットは、標的特異的蛍光粒子および磁性粒子を事前装填される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記カセットはさらに、
ユーザが前記サンプルを導入する、受容リザーバと、
混合ウェルと流体連通する撮像ウェル内に提供される染料クッションおよび検出表面と、
相互と並列である複数の対合撮像ウェルおよび混合ウェルセットと、
を備える、請求項18に記載の方法。 - 前記カセットはさらに、前記サンプルから粒子状物質を濾過するフィルタを備える、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記検出するステップは、前記光子標識標的からの光子信号を観察することによって、検出表面上の標的を検出および計数することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記検出するステップはさらに、デジタル撮像を含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記デジタル撮像は、前記検出表面上の蛍光粒子を照明すること、および光電子アレイ検出器上で前記蛍光粒子から放射される前記信号を検出することを含む、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記カセット内の複数のチャネルと並行して前記方法を実施するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第1のチャネルは、前記サンプル内の前記標的を検出するための試薬を含む、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 第2のチャネルは、前記サンプルが内因性標的を含有しない場合でさえも、前記サンプル内の前記標的検出が効果的であることを実証するための陽性対照試薬を加えた、前記第1のチャネルと共通する前記試薬を含む、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記陽性対照は、既知量の着目標的が導入される、陽性対照サンプル内の標的を検出および計数することを含む、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 第3のチャネルは、中和対照を備える、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記中和対照は、着目標的を隔離し、それによって、前記標的の光子標識を防止する中和結合剤が導入される、中和対照サンプル内の標的を検出および計数することを含む、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記中和対照から検出される信号に対するサンプルからの検出信号の比を計算するステップをさらに含む、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記比が閾値を超えるかどうかを判定するステップをさらに含む、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記サンプルは、ヒト糞便サンプルであるか、またはヒト糞便に由来する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- カートリッジであって、
ユーザがサンプルを導入する、受容リザーバと、
前記サンプルを光子標識および磁性粒子に導入するための混合ウェルと、
前記サンプルから標的を検出および計数するための撮像ウェルと、
を備える、カートリッジ。 - 前記光子標識は、着目標的に結合する、蛍光標識抗体もしくはその断片を含む、請求項33に記載のカートリッジ。
- 前記磁性粒子は、着目標的に結合する、抗体もしくはその断片を含む、請求項33に記載のカートリッジ。
- 混合および検出の前に前記サンプルから粒子状物質を濾過するためのフィルタをさらに備える、請求項33に記載のカートリッジ。
- 前記撮像ウェルは、前記混合ウェルと流体連通する、請求項33に記載のカートリッジ。
- 前記撮像ウェルはさらに、染料クッションと、検出表面とを備える、請求項33に記載のカートリッジ。
- 前記染料クッションは、
密度剤と、
光を吸収する染料と、
を含む、請求項38に記載のカートリッジ。 - 前記カートリッジはさらに、既知量の標的を伴う陽性対照サンプルを備える、請求項33に記載のカートリッジ。
- 中和結合剤を伴う中和対照サンプルをさらに備える、請求項33に記載のカートリッジ。
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JP7347849B2 (ja) | 2023-09-20 |
CN112740017A (zh) | 2021-04-30 |
US20190324034A1 (en) | 2019-10-24 |
JP2023085456A (ja) | 2023-06-20 |
WO2019204784A1 (en) | 2019-10-24 |
AU2019255388A1 (en) | 2020-12-17 |
EP3781030A1 (en) | 2021-02-24 |
CA3097748A1 (en) | 2019-10-24 |
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