JP2020058398A - 養子細胞治療製品を製造するための誘導多能性幹細胞の適用 - Google Patents
養子細胞治療製品を製造するための誘導多能性幹細胞の適用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
(項目1)
HLA−Aneg、HLAホモ接合人工多能性幹細胞(iPSC)の製造方法であって、
(a)HLAホモ接合ドナーから細胞集団を得て、
(b)HLA−Aを発現しないように前記細胞を操作し、それによってHLA−Aneg細胞を製造し、及び
(c)iPSCを生成するように前記HLA−Aneg細胞をリプログラミングし、それによってHLA−AnegiPSCを製造することを含む、前記方法。
(項目2)
前記細胞集団は臍帯血細胞の集団である、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目3)
前記ドナーはHLA−B、HLA−C、及びHLA−DRB1のHLAホモ接合である、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目4)
HLA−Aを発現しないように前記細胞を操作することは、前記HLA−A遺伝子座を特異的に標的とする人工ヌクレアーゼを前記細胞に導入することを含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目5)
前記人工ヌクレアーゼはジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼ、TALEN、またはCRISPR/Cas9である、項目4に記載の方法。
(項目6)
人工ヌクレアーゼを前記細胞に導入することは前記人工ヌクレアーゼをコードするmRNAを前記細胞に導入することを含む、項目4に記載の方法。
(項目7)
リプログラミングはOct3/4、KLF4、Sox2、及びc−mycタンパク質を前記細胞に導入することを含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目8)
リプログラミングはOct3/4、KLF4、Sox2、及びmRNAをコードするc−mycを前記細胞に導入することを含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目9)
リプログラミングはOct3/4、KLF4、Sox2、及びc−mycをコードする1つまたは複数の発現カセットを前記細胞に導入することを含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目10)
前記1つまたは複数の発現カセットは1つまたは複数のエピソームベクターに含まれる、項目9に記載の方法。
(項目11)
前記発現カセットはウイルスベクターに含まれる、項目9に記載の方法。
(項目12)
前記ウイルスベクターはレトロウイルスベクター、レンチウイルスベクター、またはセンダイウイルスである、項目11に記載の方法。
(項目13)
自殺遺伝子をステップ(b)の前記細胞に導入することをさらに含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目14)
前記自殺遺伝子は誘導性カスパーゼ9(iCasp9)である、項目13に記載の方法。
(項目15)
誘導は遺伝子導入を含む、項目13に記載の方法。
(項目16)
導入はトランスポゾン/トランスポサーゼ系を含む、項目13に記載の方法。
(項目17)
前記トランスポゾン/トランスポサーゼ系はスリーピングビューティートランスポゾン/トランスポサーゼ系である、項目16に記載の方法。
(項目18)
iPSC中のTRAC遺伝子を崩壊させることをさらに含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目19)
崩壊は前記TRAC遺伝子座を特異的に標的とする人工ヌクレアーゼを前記細胞に導入することを含む、項目18に記載の方法。
(項目20)
前記iPSCをキメラ抗原受容体で形質導入することをさらに含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目21)
遺伝的にセーフハーバープロファイルを有するHLA−Aneg、HLAホモ接合iPSCを同定することをさらに含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目22)
前記同定は全ゲノム配列決定または組込み部位解析によって実施される、項目21に記載の方法。
(項目23)
前記HLA−Aneg、HLAホモ接合iPSCを分化することをさらに含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目24)
分化は抗原提示細胞(APC)の使用を含む、項目23に記載の方法。
(項目25)
前記APCは人工APC(aAPC)を含む、項目23に記載の方法。
(項目26)
前記aAPCは遺伝的に改変されたK562細胞である、項目25に記載の方法。
(項目27)
前記iPSCは免疫細胞に分化される、項目23に記載の方法。
(項目28)
前記免疫細胞はT細胞、NK細胞、iNKT細胞である、項目27に記載の方法。
(項目29)
前記免疫細胞は腫瘍特異的またはウイルス特異的TCRαβをさらに含む、項目27に記載の方法。
(項目30)
前記免疫細胞は腫瘍特異的キメラ抗原受容体をさらに含む、項目27に記載の方法。
(項目31)
前記免疫細胞は免疫抑制分子を排除するために遺伝的にさらに編集される、項目27に記載の方法。
(項目32)
前記免疫抑制分子はPD−1またはCTLA−4である、項目31に記載の方法。
(項目33)
前記iPSCは造血幹細胞に分化される、項目27に記載の方法。
(項目34)
前記iPSCは心筋細胞、肺上皮細胞、ベータ膵島細胞、腎細胞、または神経細胞に分化される、項目27に記載の方法。
(項目35)
ホモ接合HLA対立遺伝子及びHLA−Aneg表現型の少なくとも1つのセットを含む単離された哺乳動物細胞。
(項目36)
前記細胞は臍帯血、心筋細胞、腎臓、肺、表皮、膵臓、ベータ膵島、肝臓、造血、間葉、または神経細胞である、項目35に記載の単離された細胞。
(項目37)
前記細胞は胚性幹細胞またはiPS細胞である、項目35に記載の単離された細胞。
(項目38)
前記細胞はT細胞またはNK細胞である、項目35に記載の単離された細胞。
(項目39)
前記細胞はホモ接合HLA対立遺伝子の少なくとも2つのセットを含む、項目35に記載の単離された細胞。
(項目40)
細胞はホモ接合HLA−B及びHLA−C対立遺伝子、ホモ接合HLA−B及びHLA−DRB1対立遺伝子またはホモ接合HLA−C及びHLA−HLA−DRB1対立遺伝子を含む、項目35に記載の単離された細胞。
(項目41)
細胞は少なくとも1つの前記HLA−A遺伝子の全てまたは一部分の欠失を含む、項目35に記載の単離された細胞。
(項目42)
細胞は前記遺伝子を非機能性にする変異を有する少なくとも1つのHLA−A遺伝子を含む、項目35に記載の単離された細胞。
(項目43)
前記細胞は導入遺伝子を含む、項目35に記載の細胞。
(項目44)
前記導入遺伝子は自殺遺伝子を含む、項目43に記載の細胞。
(項目45)
前記自殺遺伝子は誘導性カスパーゼ9(iCasp9)である、項目44に記載の細胞。
(項目46)
前記細胞は機能性TCRα及び/またはTCRβ遺伝子を欠損している、項目35に記載の細胞。
(項目47)
前記細胞は腫瘍特異的またはウイルス特異的TCRαβをさらに含む、項目35に記載の細胞。
(項目48)
前記細胞はキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)をさらに含む、項目35に記載の細胞。
(項目49)
前記細胞は1つまたは複数の免疫抑制分子の発現を欠損している、項目35に記載の細胞。
(項目50)
前記免疫抑制分子はPD−1またはCTLA−4である、項目49に記載の細胞。
(項目51)
項目35に記載の細胞集団。
(項目52)
少なくとも1つの第1及び第2の人工多能性幹細胞株を含む細胞株のin vitroのセットであって、前記第1及び第2の細胞株はホモ接合HLA−B及びHLA−C対立遺伝子を含み、前記第1の細胞株のホモ接合HLA−B及び/またはHLA−C対立遺伝子は第2の細胞株のHLA−B及び/またはHLA−C対立遺伝子と異なっており、前記第1及び第2の細胞株は両方ともHLA−Anegである、前記細胞株のin vitroのセット。
(項目53)
少なくとも5〜10個の異なる人工多能性幹細胞株をさらに含み、各細胞株はホモ接合HLA−B及びHLA−C対立遺伝子の固有の組み合わせを含み、各細胞株はHLA−Anegである、項目52に記載の細胞株のin vitroのセット。
(項目54)
少なくとも20個の異なる人工多能性幹細胞株をさらに含み、各細胞株はホモ接合HLA−B及びHLA−C対立遺伝子の固有の組み合わせを含み、各細胞株はHLA−Anegである、項目53に記載の細胞株のin vitroのセット。
(項目55)
少なくとも27個の異なる人工多能性幹細胞株をさらに含み、各細胞株はホモ接合HLA−B及びHLA−C対立遺伝子の固有の組み合わせを含み、各細胞株はHLA−Anegである、項目54に記載の細胞株のin vitroのセット。
(項目56)
前記セットは27個の異なる人工多能性幹細胞株を含み、各細胞株は表1に記載のホモ接合HLA−B及びHLA−C対立遺伝子の固有の組み合わせを含み、各細胞株はHLA−Anegである、項目54に記載の細胞株のin vitroのセット。
(項目57)
各細胞株は自殺遺伝子をさらに含む、項目52に記載のin vitroの細胞株のセット。
(項目58)
前記自殺遺伝子は誘導性カスパーゼ9(iCasp9)である、項目57に記載の細胞株のin vitroのセット。
(項目59)
前記細胞株は項目1に記載の方法に従って製造される、項目52に記載の細胞株のin
vitroのセット。
(項目60)
(a)項目52に記載のiPSC細胞株のin vitroのセットを得て、
(b)前記iPSCを系譜特異的な細胞に任意に分化し、
(c)前記iPSCまたは系譜特異的な細胞を目的の免疫受容体を発現するT細胞に暴露し、
(d)前記iPSCまたは系譜特異的な細胞と目的の免疫受容体を発現するT細胞との相互作用を検出し、それによって免疫受容体の特異性をスクリーニングすることを含む、免疫受容体の特異性のスクリーニング方法。
(項目61)
前記T細胞は、目的の免疫受容体の標的抗原を認識した後に、GFPのみを発現するT急性リンパ芽球性白血病細胞株である、項目60に記載の方法。
(項目62)
ステップ(d)は前記T急性リンパ芽球性白血病細胞株中のGFPの前記発現を検出し、それによって標的抗原を発現するiPSCまたは系譜特異的な細胞を同定することを含む、項目61に記載の方法。
(項目63)
細胞死レポーター構築物を前記ステップ(a)の細胞に導入することをさらに含む、項目60に記載の方法。
(項目64)
前記細胞死レポーター構築物はカスパーゼ3の活性化を検出することができる、項目63に記載の方法。
(項目65)
ステップ(d)は前記細胞死レポーター構築物の活性化を検出し、それによって免疫受容体の特異性をスクリーニングすることを含む、項目63に記載の方法。
(項目66)
系譜特異的転写因子プロモーター駆動レポーター遺伝子を前記ステップ(a)の細胞に導入することをさらに含む、項目60に記載の方法。
(項目67)
ステップ(d)は前記レポーター遺伝子の発現の喪失を検出し、それによって免疫受容体の特異性をスクリーニングすることを含む、項目66に記載の方法。
(項目68)
前記目的の免疫受容体はT細胞受容体(TCR)またはキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)である、項目60に記載の方法。
(項目69)
前記TCRはクローニングされ、または操作されている、項目68に記載の方法。
(項目70)
治療の必要な患者の疾患の治療方法であって、
(a)前記患者とHLAが適合する項目52に記載の細胞株のin vitroのセットから細胞株を選択し、
(b)前記選択された細胞株を系譜特異的な細胞に分化し、及び
(c)治療有効量の前記分化された細胞を前記患者に投与することを含む、前記方法。
(項目71)
前記方法は免疫療法を提供する方法である、項目70に記載の方法。
(項目72)
前記系譜特異的な細胞は造血幹細胞または免疫エフェクター細胞である、項目71に記載の方法。
(項目73)
前記疾患はがん、自己免疫疾患、または感染性疾患である、項目71に記載の方法。
(項目74)
前記免疫エフェクター細胞はT細胞、NK細胞、及びiNKT細胞である、項目71に記載の方法。
(項目75)
前記方法はキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)またはT細胞受容体を前記ステップ(a)の細胞に導入することをさらに含む、項目71に記載の方法。
(項目76)
前記疾患はがんであり、前記CARは癌細胞抗原を標的とする、項目75に記載の方法。
(項目77)
前記癌細胞抗原は、CD19、CD20、癌胎児抗原、α−フェトプロテイン、CA−125、5T4、MUC−1、上皮性腫瘍抗原、メラノーマ関連抗原、変異p53、変異ras、HER2/Neu、ERBB2、葉酸結合タンパク質、GD2、CD123、CD23、CD30、CD56、c−Met、meothelin、GD3、HERV−K、IL−11Ralpha、カッパ鎖、ラムダ鎖、CSPG4、ERBB2、EGFRvIII、またはVEGFR2である、項目76に記載の方法。
(項目78)
前記疾患は自己免疫疾患であり、前記CARは自己免疫疾患細胞を標的とする、項目75に記載の方法。
(項目79)
前記疾患は病原体によって生じる感染性疾患であり、前記CARは病原体抗原を標的とする、項目75に記載の方法。
(項目80)
前記病原体は、真菌、ウイルス、または病原性微生物である、項目79に記載の方法。
(項目81)
前記方法は再生医療をもたらす方法である、項目70に記載の方法。
(項目82)
前記系譜特異的な細胞は、心筋細胞、神経細胞、ベータ膵島細胞、腎細胞、または肺細胞である、項目81に記載の方法。
以下の図面は本明細書の一部を形成し、本発明の特定の態様を説明するために含まれている。本発明は、本明細書に示される特定の実施形態の詳細な説明と組み合わせて1つまたは複数の図面を参照することによってもっと理解することが可能となる。
同種異系HSCがHLA−A遺伝子座の発現を削除するように遺伝的に編集されれば、登録されているNMDPドナーの臨床使用を著しく増加させることができる。操作されたジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼ(ZFN)(または人工ヌクレアーゼ、例えばTALEN、CRISPR/Cas9)は、遺伝的に編集されたT細胞及び細胞株のHLA発現を削除するために使用することができる。造血幹細胞(HSC)への遺伝子編集を拡張するために、HLA−Aの遺伝子座を標的とするZFNを導入することによって、HLA−A発現を崩壊させた。CD34+系統negHSC(純度99%)を、CD2、CD3、CD11b、CD14、CD15、CD16、CD19、CD56、CD61、及びCD235a(グリコホリンA)に対するビオチン化抗ヒト抗体の混合物を使用して系譜pos細胞を最初に枯渇させ、ビオチン結合常磁性ビーズを使用して枯渇させて臍帯血(UCB)から単離した。次に、CD34+細胞を抗CD34磁気ビーズを用いて単離した。HLA−A特異的ZFNをコードするin vitroに転写されたmRNA種の電気泳動転写によって、既定のサイトカイン(FLT3−L、SCF、TPO及びIL−6)及びアリール炭化水素受容体アンタゴニスト(stem reginin−1、SR−1)でex
vivo培養してから1週間後に、HLA−AnegHSCが30%生成した。DNA配列分析は、HLA−AnegHSCがZFN標的部位で期待されたヌクレオチド変化を示すことを明らかにした。in vitroアッセイはHLA−AposHSCとHLA−AnegHSCとの間の系譜特異的コロニー形成に有意な差を示さなかった。さらに、in vivo生着アッセイはNOD.Cg−PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ(NSG)マウスを使用し、操作されたHLA−AnegHSCが生着及びHLA−Aneg多系譜造血細胞に分化する能力を維持していることを示した。
腫瘍を標的とする免疫受容体を用いた養子T細胞療法は、腫瘍細胞を根絶する能力があるためにクリニックで行われている。しかしながら、腫瘍へ免疫細胞の特異性を再指示することの懸念事項は、意図しない予測できないオフターゲットの毒性であり、この毒性が「腫瘍特異的」養子細胞治療を受けた患者に認められたことがある(Cameronら、2013;Morganら、2010)。組織パネルの遺伝子またはタンパク質発現の検出に基づいた標的抗原の組織分布を予測する現在の方法は、これらの毒性を予測するには十分ではない。この問題を克服し、潜在的なオフターゲットの毒性の識別を改善するために、発明者らはiPSC及び/またはiPSC由来の分化した細胞を用いて、免疫受容体の特異性をスクリーニングする。まず、iPSCを健康なドナー細胞から生成し、内因性HLA発現を人工ヌクレアーゼ(例えば、ジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼ、TALEN、またはCRISPR/Cas9)によって除去し、目的の免疫受容体の背景認識を低減した。これらのiPSCを系譜特異的細胞に分化し、除去された内因性TCRの発現及び目的の導入された免疫受容体を有する、T急性リンパ芽球性白血病細胞株に由来するレポーター細胞株を用いてスクリーニングする(図2、左パネル)。このレポーター細胞株は、導入された免疫受容体を介して標的抗原を認識した後にのみGFPを発現する。そのため、iPSC由来の分化された細胞が標的抗原を発現すれば、GFP発現によって検出することができる。あるいはデスレポーター遺伝子(図2、中央パネル)または系譜特異的な転写因子プロモーター駆動レポーター遺伝子(図2、右パネル)をiPSCに導入してもよい。これらの細胞を使用して、免疫受容体発現T細胞と共培養することによって、免疫受容体が媒介する認識をスクリーニングすることができる。
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CA2945393A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
EP3134515A1 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
AU2015249371A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
CA2945393C (en) | 2021-03-23 |
KR20200138445A (ko) | 2020-12-09 |
ES2730325T3 (es) | 2019-11-11 |
CN106459918A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
EP3134515B1 (en) | 2019-03-27 |
JP6933898B2 (ja) | 2021-09-08 |
US20170044500A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
JP2017513498A (ja) | 2017-06-01 |
WO2015164740A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
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