JP2013541612A - 貯蔵安定性のポリウレタン系プリプレグの製造方法および該プリプレグから製造された、溶液中でのポリウレタン組成物からの成形体 - Google Patents
貯蔵安定性のポリウレタン系プリプレグの製造方法および該プリプレグから製造された、溶液中でのポリウレタン組成物からの成形体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013541612A JP2013541612A JP2013529582A JP2013529582A JP2013541612A JP 2013541612 A JP2013541612 A JP 2013541612A JP 2013529582 A JP2013529582 A JP 2013529582A JP 2013529582 A JP2013529582 A JP 2013529582A JP 2013541612 A JP2013541612 A JP 2013541612A
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- prepreg
- reactive
- producing
- polyurethane composition
- polyurethane
- Prior art date
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- JGCWKVKYRNXTMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane;isocyanic acid Chemical compound N=C=O.N=C=O.C1CC2CCC1C2 JGCWKVKYRNXTMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- VZXPHDGHQXLXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-diisocyanato-5,6-dimethylheptane Chemical compound O=C=NC(C)(C)C(C)CCCCN=C=O VZXPHDGHQXLXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
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Images
Classifications
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- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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- B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
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- B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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Abstract
Description
A)少なくとも1種の繊維状の支持体と、
B)少なくとも1種の溶剤(C)中の、マトリクスとしての、少なくとも1種の反応性のポリウレタン組成物と
その際、前記ポリウレタン組成物は、主として、バインダーとしての、イソシアネートに対して反応性の官能基を有するポリマーb)と、硬化剤としての、内部ブロック化されたおよび/またはブロック化剤でブロック化されたジイソシアネートもしくはポリイソシアネートa)とからの混合物を含有する、
から構成されるプリプレグの製造方法であって、
I. 少なくとも1種の溶剤(C)中の、反応性のポリウレタン組成物(B)を製造し、
II. 繊維状の支持体(A)を、(B)の溶液で直接的に含浸させ、
III. 溶剤を除去する
ことによって行う前記製造方法である。
本発明において繊維状の支持体は、繊維状材料から成る(しばしば、強化繊維とも呼ばれる)。一般的には、繊維から成るあらゆる材料が適しているが、好ましくはガラス、炭素、プラスチック、例えばポリアミド(アラミド)もしくはポリエステル、天然繊維もしくは鉱物繊維材料、例えば玄武岩繊維、またはセラミック繊維からの繊維状材料(酸化アルミニウムベースおよび/または酸化珪素ベースの酸化物繊維)を使用する。複数の繊維の混合物、例えばアラミド繊維とガラス繊維との織布の組み合わせ、または炭素繊維とガラス繊維との組み合わせも、用いることができる。同様にハイブリッド複合部材が、様々な繊維状の支持体からのプリプレグによって製造できる。ガラス繊維は主に、相対的に値段が低いことから、もっともよく使用される種類の繊維である。ここで原則的には、ガラスベースのあらゆる種類の強化繊維が適している(E−ガラス繊維、S−ガラス繊維、R−ガラス繊維、M−ガラス繊維、C−ガラス繊維、ECR−ガラス繊維、D−ガラス繊維、AR−ガラス繊維、または中空ガラス繊維)。炭素繊維は一般的に、高性能複合材料で使用され、ここではまたガラス繊維よりも低い密度と同時に高い強度が重要な要素である。炭素繊維(カーボンファイバーとも)は、炭素含有出発材料から工業的に製造される繊維であり、黒鉛状に配置された炭素への熱分解により変換されるものである。等方性と異方性の区別は次のように行う。等方性繊維は強度が非常に弱く、技術的意義がより低い。異方性繊維は強度が高く、同時により僅かな破断点伸びで高い剛性を示す。ここで天然繊維とは、植物性材料および動物性材料から得られる、あらゆるテキスタイル繊維と繊維材料である(例えば木材繊維、セルロース繊維、木綿繊維、麻繊維、ジュート繊維、亜麻繊維、サイザル麻繊維、竹繊維)。アラミド繊維は炭素繊維に似て負の熱膨張率を有する。つまり、加熱時により短くなる。その比強度と弾性率は、炭素繊維のものよりも明らかに低い。マトリクス樹脂の正の膨張率と結びついて、寸法精度が高い部材が製造できる。炭素繊維で強化されたプラスチックと比べて、アラミド繊維複合材料の圧縮強度は、明らかにより低い。アラミド繊維について公知の商品名は、DuPont社のNomex(登録商標)とKevlar(登録商標)、または帝人のTeijinconex(登録商標)、Twaron(登録商標)、およびTechnora(登録商標)である。特に適しており、かつ好ましいのは、ガラス繊維、炭素繊維、アラミド繊維、またはセラミック繊維からの支持体である。繊維状材料とは、テキスタイルの繊維品(Flaechengebilde)である。適しているのは、フリース、同様にいわゆる編物、例えば編み生地およびニット、また非メッシュ状の結合体、例えば平織り布、単一方向布、または斜め織り布からのテキスタイル平面構造体である。
原則的に、あらゆる反応性のポリウレタン組成物も、室温までで貯蔵安定性のその他の反応性のポリウレタン組成物もマトリクス材料として適している。適切なポリウレタン組成物は本発明によれば、NCO基に対して反応性の1つの官能基を有するポリマーb)(結合剤、樹脂ともいう)と、一時的に不活性化された、つまり内部ブロック化された、および/またはブロック化剤でブロック化されたジイソシアネートまたはポリイソシアネート(硬化剤、成分a)ともいう)との混合物から成る。
a)少なくとも1種のウレットジオン基を有する硬化剤であって、脂肪族の、(環式)脂肪族のもしくは脂環式のウレットジオン基を含むポリイソシアネートとヒドロキシル基を有する化合物とからの重付加化合物を基礎とする硬化剤と、
その際、該硬化剤は、40℃を下回ると固体形で存在し、125℃を上回ると液体形で存在し、5質量%未満の遊離NCO含量を有し、3〜25質量%のウレットジオン含量を有する、
b)少なくとも1種のヒドロキシル基を有するポリマーであって、40℃を下回ると固体形で存在し、125℃を上回ると液体形で存在し、かつ20〜200mg KOH/gのOH価を有するポリマーと、
c)任意に、少なくとも1種の触媒と、
d)任意に、ポリウレタン化学から公知の助剤および添加剤と、
を含有し、こうして両方の成分a)およびb)は、成分b)のすべてのヒドロキシル基に対して0.3〜1個の、好ましくは0.45〜0.55個の、成分a)のウレットジオン基が割り当てられる、反応性のウレットジオン基を有するポリウレタン組成物B)からなるマトリクス材料B)が使用される。後者は、0.9〜1.1対1のNCO/OH比に相当する。
B)少なくとも1つの高反応性のウレットジオン基を有するポリウレタン組成物であって、主として
a)少なくとも1種のウレットジオン基を有する硬化剤と、
b)任意に、NCO基に対して反応性の官能基を有する少なくとも1種のポリマーと、
c)対イオンとしてのハロゲンイオン、水酸化物イオン、アルコレートイオンまたは有機もしくは無機の酸アニオンを有する第四級アンモニウム塩および/または第四級ホスホニウム塩から選択される少なくとも1種の触媒0.1〜5質量%と
d)以下の
d1)少なくとも1種のエポキシド、
および/または
d2)少なくとも1種の金属アセチルアセトネートおよび/または第四級アンモニウムアセチルアセトネートおよび/または第四級ホスホニウムアセチルアセトネート
から選択される少なくとも1種の助触媒0.1〜5質量%と、
e)任意に、ポリウレタン化学から公知の助剤および添加剤と、
を含有する組成物からのマトリクス材料が使用される。
B)マトリクス材料としての、少なくとも1種の高反応性の粉末状のウレットジオン基を有するポリウレタン組成物であって、主として
a)少なくとも1種のウレットジオン基を有する硬化剤であって、脂肪族の、(環式)脂肪族のもしくは脂環式のウレットジオン基を有するポリイソシアネートとヒドロキシル基を有する化合物とからの重付加化合物を基礎とする硬化剤と、
その際、該硬化剤は、40℃を下回ると固体形で存在し、かつ125℃を上回ると液体形で存在し、かつ5質量%未満の遊離NCO含量を有し、かつ3〜25質量%のウレットジオン含量を有する、
b)少なくとも1種のヒドロキシル基を有するポリマーであって、40℃を下回ると固体形で存在し、かつ125℃を上回ると液体形で存在し、かつ20〜200mg KOH/gのOH価を有するポリマーと、
c)対イオンとしてのハロゲンイオン、水酸化物イオン、アルコレートイオンまたは有機もしくは無機の酸アニオンを有する第四級アンモニウム塩および/または第四級ホスホニウム塩から選択される少なくとも1種の触媒0.1〜5質量%と、
d)以下の
d1)少なくとも1種のエポキシド、
および/または
d2)少なくとも1種の金属アセチルアセトネートおよび/または第四級アンモニウムアセチルアセトネートおよび/または第四級ホスホニウムアセチルアセトネート
から選択される少なくとも1種の助触媒0.1〜5質量%と、
e)任意に、ポリウレタン化学から公知の助剤および添加剤と、
からなり、こうして、両方の成分a)およびb)は、成分b)のあらゆるヒドロキシル基に対して、0.3〜1の、好ましくは0.6〜0.9の成分a)のウレットジオン基が割り当てられる比率で存在する。後者は、0.6〜2対1もしくは1.2〜1.8対1のNCO/OH比に相当する。これらの本発明により使用される高反応性のポリウレタン組成物は、100〜160℃の温度で硬化し、これは別形IIと呼ばれる。
使用されるガラス繊維の不織布/織布:
以下のガラス繊維の不織布/織布を、実施例で使用する。
ガラスフィラメント織布 296g/m2 − Atlas, Finish FK 144(Interglas 92626)
反応性のポリウレタン組成物を以下の調合で、プリプレグ及び複合材の製造のために使用した。
DSC試験(ガラス転移点測定と、反応エンタルピーを測定)を、DIN 53765準拠のMettler Toledo DSC 821eによって行う。
例1もしくは例2からのプリプレグのDSC調査により以下の図1および図2からうかがえる18日後もしくは40日後に測定された結果が得られる。測定された反応エンタルピーは、貯蔵の過程で大きく低下しない。これは、マトリクス材料の反応性を裏付けている。
複合部材は、当業者に公知のプレス技術によって複合材プレス機で製造する。直接含浸によって製造された、均質なプリプレグを卓上プレス機でプレスして複合材料にした。この卓上プレス機はSchwabenthan社のPolystat 200 Tであり、これを用いてプリプレグを120〜200℃の温度で相応する複合材プレートにプレスする。圧力は、常圧〜450barの間で変える。動的なプレス、つまり付与圧力の変更は、部材の大きさや厚さ、及びポリウレタン組成物、ひいては加工温度での粘度調整に応じて、繊維を濡らすために好ましいと見なすことができる。
Claims (18)
- プリプレグの製造方法であって、該プリプレグが、
主として、
A)少なくとも1種の繊維状の支持体と、
B)少なくとも1種の溶剤(C)中の、マトリクス材料としての、少なくとも1種の反応性のポリウレタン組成物と、
から構成され、その際、前記ポリウレタン組成物は、主として、バインダーb)としての、イソシアネートに対して反応性の官能基を有するポリマーと、硬化剤a)としての、内部ブロック化されたおよび/またはブロック化剤でブロック化されたジイソシアネートもしくはポリイソシアネートとからの混合物を含有する、前記製造方法において、
I. 少なくとも1種の溶剤(C)中の、反応性のポリウレタン組成物(B)を製造し、
II. 繊維状の支持体(A)を、(B)の溶液で直接的に含浸させ、
III. 溶剤を除去する
ことによって行う前記製造方法。 - マトリクス材料が、少なくとも40℃のTgを有する、請求項1に記載のプリプレグの製造方法。
- ガラス、炭素、プラスチック、例えばポリアミド(アラミド)もしくはポリエステル、天然繊維もしくは鉱物繊維材料、例えば玄武岩繊維、又はセラミック繊維からの繊維状の材料が含まれていることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のプリプレグの製造方法。
- 繊維状の支持体として、フリース、編物、編み生地およびニット、非メッシュ状の結合体、例えば平織り布、単一方向布、または斜め織り布からのテキスタイル平面構造体が長繊維材料と短繊維材料として含まれていることを特徴とする、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項に記載のプリプレグの製造方法。
- 120℃の温度上限で、好ましくは80〜100℃の温度で実施されることを特徴とする、請求項1から4までのいずれか1項に記載のプリプレグの製造方法。
- ヒドロキシル基、アミノ基およびチオール基を有するポリマー、特に20〜500mg KOH/gのOH価および250〜6000g/molの平均モル質量を有する、ポリエステル、ポリエーテル、ポリアクリレート、ポリカーボネートおよびポリウレタンが使用されることを特徴とする、請求項1から5までのいずれか1項に記載のプリプレグの製造方法。
- イソホロンジイソシアネート(IPDI)、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート(HDI)、ジイソシアナトジシクロヘキシルメタン(H12MDI)、2−メチルペンタンジイソシアネート(MPDI)、2,2,4−トリメチルヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート/2,4,4−トリメチルヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート(TMDI)および/またはノルボルナンジイソシアネート(NBDI)、特に好ましくはIPDI、HDI、TMDIおよびH12MDIから選択されるジイソシアネートまたはポリイソシアネートが使用され、イソシアヌレートも使用できることを特徴とする、請求項1から6までのいずれか1項に記載のプリプレグの製造方法。
- アセト酢酸エチルエステル、ジイソプロピルアミン、メチルエチルケトキシム、マロン酸ジエチルエステル、ε−カプロラクタム、1,2,4−トリアゾール、フェノールもしくは置換フェノールおよび/または3,5−ジメチルピラゾールが使用されることを特徴とする、請求項1から7までのいずれか1項に記載のプリプレグの製造方法。
- イソシアヌレート基およびε−カプロラクタムでブロック化されたイソシアネート構造を有する、IPDI付加生成物が使用されることを特徴とする、請求項1から8までのいずれか1項に記載のプリプレグの製造方法。
- 反応性のポリウレタン組成物B)が、付加的な触媒を、好ましくはジブチルスズジラウレート、亜鉛オクトエート、ビスマスネオデカノエートおよび/または第三級アミンを、好ましくは1,4−ジアザビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタンを、0.001〜1質量%の量で含有することを特徴とする、請求項1から9までのいずれか1項に記載のプリプレグの製造方法。
- 請求項1から10までのいずれか1項に記載のプリプレグの製造方法であって、
主として、
a)少なくとも1種のウレットジオン基を有する硬化剤であって、脂肪族の、(環式)脂肪族のもしくは脂環式のウレットジオン基を含むポリイソシアネートとヒドロキシル基を有する化合物とからの重付加化合物を基礎とする硬化剤と、
その際、該硬化剤は、40℃を下回ると固体形で存在し、125℃を上回ると液体形で存在し、5質量%未満の遊離NCO含量を有し、かつ3〜25質量%のウレットジオン含量を有する、
b)少なくとも1種のヒドロキシル基を有するポリマーであって、40℃を下回ると固体形で存在し、125℃を上回ると液体形で存在し、かつ20〜200mg KOH/gのOH価を有するポリマーと、
c)任意に、少なくとも1種の触媒と、
d)任意に、ポリウレタン化学から公知の助剤および添加剤と、
を含有し、こうして両方の成分a)およびb)は、成分b)のあらゆるヒドロキシル基に対して0.3〜1個の、好ましくは0.45〜0.55個の、成分a)のウレットジオン基が割り当てられる比率で存在する、少なくとも1種の反応性のウレットジオン基を有するポリウレタン組成物B)からなるマトリクス材料が使用される前記製造方法。 - 請求項1から9までのいずれか1項に記載のプリプレグの製造方法であって、
主として、
a)少なくとも1種のウレットジオン基を有する硬化剤と、
b)任意に、NCO基に対して反応性の官能基を有する少なくとも1種のポリマーと、
c)対イオンとしてのハロゲンイオン、水酸化物イオン、アルコレートイオンまたは有機もしくは無機の酸アニオンを有する第四級アンモニウム塩および/または第四級ホスホニウム塩から選択される少なくとも1種の触媒0.1〜5質量%と
d)以下の
d1)少なくとも1種のエポキシド、
および/または
d2)少なくとも1種の金属アセチルアセトネートおよび/または第四級アンモニウムアセチルアセトネートおよび/または第四級ホスホニウムアセチルアセトネート
から選択される少なくとも1種の助触媒0.1〜5質量%と、
e)任意に、ポリウレタン化学から公知の助剤および添加剤と、
を含有する、マトリクス材料としての、少なくとも1種の高反応性の粉末状のウレットジオン基を有するポリウレタン組成物B)が使用される前記製造方法。 - 請求項1から9または12のいずれか1項に記載のプリプレグの製造方法であって、
主として、
a)少なくとも1種のウレットジオン基を有する硬化剤であって、脂肪族の、(環式)脂肪族のもしくは脂環式のウレットジオン基を含むポリイソシアネートとヒドロキシル基を有する化合物とからの重付加化合物を基礎とする硬化剤と、
その際、該硬化剤は、40℃を下回ると固体形で存在し、125℃を上回ると液体形で存在し、かつ5質量%未満の遊離NCO含量を有し、かつ3〜25質量%のウレットジオン含量を有する、
b)少なくとも1種のヒドロキシル基を有するポリマーであって、40℃を下回ると固体形で存在し、125℃を上回ると液体形で存在し、かつ20〜200mg KOH/gのOH価を有するポリマーと、
c)対イオンとしてのハロゲンイオン、水酸化物イオン、アルコレートイオンまたは有機もしくは無機の酸アニオンを有する第四級アンモニウム塩および/または第四級ホスホニウム塩から選択される少なくとも1種の触媒0.1〜5質量%と、
d)以下の
d1)少なくとも1種のエポキシド、
および/または
d2)少なくとも1種の金属アセチルアセトネートおよび/または第四級アンモニウムアセチルアセトネートおよび/または第四級ホスホニウムアセチルアセトネート
から選択される少なくとも1種の助触媒0.1〜5質量%と、
e)任意に、ポリウレタン化学から公知の助剤および添加剤と、
を含有し、こうして両方の成分a)およびb)は、成分b)のあらゆるヒドロキシル基に対して0.3〜1個の、好ましくは0.6〜0.9個の、成分a)のウレットジオン基が割り当てられる比率で存在する、マトリクス材料としての、少なくとも1種の高反応性の粉末状のウレットジオン基を有するポリウレタン組成物B)が使用される前記製造方法。 - 請求項1から13までのいずれか1項に記載の方法により製造されたプリプレグを、特にガラス繊維、炭素繊維またはアラミド繊維からなる繊維状の支持体と一緒に用いる使用。
- 請求項1から13までのいずれか1項に記載の方法により製造されるプリプレグであって、
主として、
A)少なくとも1種の繊維状の支持体と、
B)マトリクス材料としての、少なくとも1種の反応性もしくは高反応性のポリウレタン組成物と、
から構成される前記プリプレグの、複合材を製造するための、ボート構造および船舶構造、航空技術および宇宙航空技術、自動車構造における、二輪車、好ましくは自動二輪車および自転車のための、自動車分野、建築、医療技術、スポーツ、電気産業および電子産業、エネルギー生成プラントにおける、例えば風力発電所での回転翼のための使用。 - 請求項1から13までのいずれか1項に記載の方法により製造された複合部材であって、A)少なくとも1種の繊維状の支持体と、B)マトリクスとしての、少なくとも1種の架橋されたポリウレタン組成物、好ましくは架橋されたウレットジオン基を有するポリウレタン組成物とから構成される前記複合部材。
- 請求項1から13までのいずれか1項に記載の方法により製造されたプリプレグ。
- 請求項1から13までのいずれか1項に記載の方法に従って、反応型射出成形法(RIM)、強化反応型射出成形法(RRIM)、引き抜き成形法、ピンミル中でのまたは高温のドクターブレードによる溶液の施与によって製造されたプリプレグ。
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2010
- 2010-09-23 DE DE201010041247 patent/DE102010041247A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2011
- 2011-05-30 AU AU2011304690A patent/AU2011304690A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-05-30 JP JP2013529582A patent/JP5955325B2/ja active Active
- 2011-05-30 CA CA 2812196 patent/CA2812196A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-05-30 US US13/825,728 patent/US10029427B2/en active Active
- 2011-05-30 EP EP11725373.2A patent/EP2619242B1/de active Active
- 2011-05-30 BR BR112013006968A patent/BR112013006968A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-05-30 KR KR1020137010204A patent/KR101868177B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2011-05-30 RU RU2013118436/05A patent/RU2013118436A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-05-30 MX MX2013003163A patent/MX2013003163A/es unknown
- 2011-05-30 WO PCT/EP2011/058805 patent/WO2012038105A1/de active Application Filing
- 2011-05-30 ES ES11725373T patent/ES2847862T3/es active Active
- 2011-05-30 CN CN201180056361.2A patent/CN103210011B/zh active Active
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JP2018090804A (ja) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-06-14 | エボニック デグサ ゲーエムベーハーEvonik Degussa GmbH | 貯蔵安定性の1kポリウレタンプリプレグ、およびこのプリプレグから製造されるポリウレタン組成物製の成形体 |
Also Published As
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CA2812196A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
RU2013118436A (ru) | 2014-10-27 |
CN103210011A (zh) | 2013-07-17 |
CN103210011B (zh) | 2016-08-10 |
US10029427B2 (en) | 2018-07-24 |
DE102010041247A1 (de) | 2012-03-29 |
US20130303042A1 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
ES2847862T3 (es) | 2021-08-04 |
KR101868177B1 (ko) | 2018-06-15 |
JP5955325B2 (ja) | 2016-07-20 |
MX2013003163A (es) | 2013-06-05 |
KR20140002632A (ko) | 2014-01-08 |
EP2619242A1 (de) | 2013-07-31 |
EP2619242B1 (de) | 2020-12-02 |
BR112013006968A2 (pt) | 2016-07-26 |
WO2012038105A1 (de) | 2012-03-29 |
AU2011304690A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
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