CN103210011B - 制造储存稳定的聚氨酯-预浸料的方法和由其制成的得自溶液中的聚氨酯组合物的成型件 - Google Patents
制造储存稳定的聚氨酯-预浸料的方法和由其制成的得自溶液中的聚氨酯组合物的成型件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103210011B CN103210011B CN201180056361.2A CN201180056361A CN103210011B CN 103210011 B CN103210011 B CN 103210011B CN 201180056361 A CN201180056361 A CN 201180056361A CN 103210011 B CN103210011 B CN 103210011B
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- STBLQDMGPBQTMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptane;isocyanic acid Chemical compound N=C=O.N=C=O.CCCCCCC STBLQDMGPBQTMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OGGXBSGFTTXROS-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl(triphenyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[N+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 OGGXBSGFTTXROS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940059574 pentaerithrityl Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SDPBQTFSSSPDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-1-amine;hydrate Chemical compound [OH-].CCCCC[NH3+] SDPBQTFSSSPDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004950 technora Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000005621 tetraalkylammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MCZDHTKJGDCTAE-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC MCZDHTKJGDCTAE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- SNMZANHSFVMKKA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC SNMZANHSFVMKKA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UQFSVBXCNGCBBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium iodide Chemical compound [I-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC UQFSVBXCNGCBBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GTCDARUMAMVCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC GTCDARUMAMVCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DDDVBYGLVAHHCD-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC DDDVBYGLVAHHCD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000003698 tetramethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- MRYQZMHVZZSQRT-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.C[N+](C)(C)C MRYQZMHVZZSQRT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GTDKXDWWMOMSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].C[N+](C)(C)C GTDKXDWWMOMSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WWIYWFVQZQOECA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O.C[N+](C)(C)C WWIYWFVQZQOECA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RXMRGBVLCSYIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+](C)(C)C RXMRGBVLCSYIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PXJUBOLFJDSAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC PXJUBOLFJDSAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QOHLYFXRPYZSJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;benzoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC QOHLYFXRPYZSJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LENBOWGJEQXFCI-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O.CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC LENBOWGJEQXFCI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- DHAWHVVWUNNONG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(methyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](C)(CCCC)CCCC DHAWHVVWUNNONG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DXJLCRNXYNRGRA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(methyl)azanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](C)(CCCC)CCCC DXJLCRNXYNRGRA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GRVPDGGTLNKOBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M triethyl(methyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[N+](C)(CC)CC GRVPDGGTLNKOBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NIUZJTWSUGSWJI-UHFFFAOYSA-M triethyl(methyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](C)(CC)CC NIUZJTWSUGSWJI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JAJRRCSBKZOLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M triethyl(methyl)azanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](C)(CC)CC JAJRRCSBKZOLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GNMJFQWRASXXMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(phenyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 GNMJFQWRASXXMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004762 twaron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009756 wet lay-up Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O.CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C43/20—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
- B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
- C08G18/78—Nitrogen
- C08G18/79—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
- C08G18/78—Nitrogen
- C08G18/79—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/798—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates containing urethdione groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/241—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres
- C08J5/243—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres using carbon fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/241—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres
- C08J5/244—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres using glass fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/245—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using natural fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/246—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using polymer based synthetic fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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Abstract
本发明涉及储存稳定的聚氨酯‑预浸料的制造方法和由其制造的成型件(复合部件),其可使用反应性聚氨酯组合物通过借助于溶液中的反应性聚氨酯组合物通过浸渍纤维增强材料如织物和网格布的方法获得。
Description
本发明涉及储存稳定的聚氨酯-预浸料的制造方法和由其制成的成型件(复合部件),其可通过使用反应性聚氨酯组合物借助溶液中的聚氨酯组合物通过浸渍纤维增强材料如织物和网格布(Gelegen)的方法获得。
各种成型工艺,例如反应传递模塑(RTM)法包括将增强纤维引入模具,关闭模具,将可交联树脂制剂引入模具和随后的树脂的交联,通常通过施热进行。
这种方法的局限之一是将增强纤维放入在模具中相对困难。必须裁剪织物或网格布的各层并适应不同的模具几何。这是耗时和复杂的,特别是在模具还要包含泡沫或其它芯时。具有易于操作和重新成型可能性的可预成型的纤维增强材料在此是合意的。
由于它们易于操作且相较于替代的湿铺工艺提高的在加工过程中的效率,所以预浸料形式的纤维增强材料已用于许多工业应用中。
此类系统的工业用户除更快的周期时间和甚至在室温下的更高的储存稳定性而外也要求裁剪预浸料的可能性,而在自动裁剪和铺设各预浸料-层时裁剪工具不被通常粘性的基质材料污染。
除聚酯、乙烯基酯和环氧体系外,在交联基质体系领域中有一系列专用树脂。其中也包括聚氨酯树脂,其由于它们的韧性、耐破坏性和强度而特别用于通过拉挤成型法制造复合型材。作为缺点,常常提到所使用的异氰酸酯的毒性。
聚氨酯复合材料也具有比乙烯基酯、不饱和聚酯树脂(UPE)或UPE-聚氨酯杂化树脂优越的韧性。
例如在WO 98/50211、US 4,992,228、US 5,080,857、US 5,427,725、GB 2007676、GB 2182074、EP 309 221、EP 297 674、WO 89/04335、US 5,532,296和US 4,377,657、US 4,757,120中描述了基于环氧体系的预浸料和由其制成的复合材料。
在WO 2006/043019中,描述了基于环氧树脂-聚氨酯粉末的预浸料的制造方法。
此外,以作为基质的基于粉末状的热塑性塑料的预浸料是已知的。
在US 2004/0231598中,描述了使颗粒经过带有静电荷的特殊加速室的方法。这种装置用于玻璃基底、芳族聚酰胺基底或碳纤维基底的涂布以由热塑性树脂制造预浸料。作为树脂,提到聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚醚砜(PES)、聚苯砜(PPS)、聚酰亚胺(PI)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚氨酯(PU)、聚酯和含氟聚合物。由其制成的热塑性预浸料织物表现出固有韧性、良好的粘弹性阻尼性能、无限的储存寿命、良好的化学品耐受性和再循环能力。
在WO 98/31535中,描述了用于粉末浸渍的方法,其中待浸渍的玻璃绞纱或碳纤维绞纱用颗粒/液体-或颗粒/气体-混合物以给定的速度分布来加载。其中,所述粉末由陶瓷或热塑性材料,尤其是热塑性聚氨酯构成。
在WO 99/64216中,描述了预浸料和复合材料及其制造方法,其中使用具有如此小的聚合物颗粒的乳状液,以至于能够实现单纤维的包覆。该颗粒的聚合物具有至少5000厘泊的粘度,并且是热塑性塑料或交联聚氨酯聚合物。
在EP 0590702中,描述了用于制造预浸料的粉末浸渍,其中该粉末由热塑性塑料和反应性单体或预聚物的混合物构成。WO 2005/091715同样描述了热塑性塑料用于制造预浸料的用途。
Michaeli等人在Coatings & Composite Materials, 第19期, 第37 - 39页,1997中描述了使用被称作TPU的热塑性聚氨酯的拉挤成型法的粉末技术的发展。此外,在文章Processing and properties of thermoplastic polyurethane prepreg. (Ma, C. C.M.; Chiang, C. L. Annual Technical Conference -Society of Plastics Engineers(1991), 第49期 2065-9.)中公开了基于含有溶剂和水的TPU体系的热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)预浸料。
具有基于双组分聚氨酯(2-K-PUR)的基质的预浸料是已知的。
2-K-PUR的类别主要包括常规的反应性聚氨酯树脂体系。原则上,这是由两种单独组分构成的体系。一种组分的关键成分始终是多异氰酸酯,而第二种组分的始终是多元醇或随更新的发展也是氨基-或胺-多元醇混合物。将这两部分在加工前不久才彼此混合。此后通过加聚进行化学固化,形成聚氨酯或聚脲的网络。在将这两种组分混合后,两组分体系具有有限的加工时间(使用期限,适用期),因为开始的反应导致粘度逐渐提高和最终导致该体系胶凝。在此,许多因素决定着其可加工性的有效时间:反应参与物的反应性、催化、浓度、溶解度、湿含量、NCO/OH比和环境温度是最重要的 [Lackharze, Stoye/Freitag,Hauser-Verlag 1996, 第210/212页]。基于这种2-K-PUR体系的预浸料的缺点在于仅提供了短时间用于将预浸料加工成复合材料。因此这种预浸料存储稳定不超过数小时,更谈不上数天。
下面描述基于2-K-PUR体系的聚氨酯预浸料或-复合材料。在K. Recker的文章中,报道了尤其考虑用于SMC部件的加工性质的用于树脂垫工艺的2-K聚氨酯体系的发展。(Baypreg - ein neuer POLYURETHAN-Werkstoff für das Harzmettenverfahren,Recker, Klaus, Kunststoffe-Plastics 8,1981)。
WO 2005/049301公开了催化活化的2-K-PUR体系,其中将多异氰酸酯组分和多元醇混合并借助于拉挤成型加工成复合材料。
在WO 2005/106155中,公开了用2-K聚氨酯体系借助于长纤维注射(LFI)技术制成的用于建筑工业的纤维增强复合材料。
在JP 2004196851中,描述了使用基于聚合的二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和特殊的含OH基团的化合物的2-K-PUR基质由碳纤维和有机纤维,例如大麻制成的复合材料。
EP 1 319 503描述了聚氨酯复合材料,其中使用特殊聚氨酯覆盖层用于以2-K-PUR树脂浸渍的纤维层压材料,所述层压材料包覆芯层(例如纸蜂窝)。该2-K-PUR树脂例如由MDI和得自聚丙烯三醇和环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷-共聚物的二醇的混合物构成。
在WO 2003/101719中,描述了聚氨酯基的复合材料及其制造方法。这些是具有给定粘度和一定凝胶时间的2-K聚氨酯树脂。
在“Fiber reinforced polyurethane composites: shock tolerantcomponents with particular emphasis on armor plating” (Ratcliffe, Colin P.;Crane, Roger M.; Santiago, Armando L., AMD (1995), 211 (Innovative Processingand Characterization of Composite Materials), 29-37.)和在Fiber-reinforcedpolyurethane composites. I. Process feasibility and morphology. (Ma, Chen ChiM.; Chen, Chin Hsing. International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition (1992), 37(Mater. Work. You 21st Century), 1062-74.)中同样论述了2-K-PUR体系。
除不同的粘合剂基础外,湿固化漆在它们的组成和它们的性质方面很大程度上相当于类似的2-K体系。原则上使用相同的溶剂、颜料、填料和助剂。不同于2K-漆,出于稳定性理由,这些体系在施用前完全不能容忍任何水分。
基于非反应性PUR弹性体的物理干燥体系也是已知的。在此是得自二元醇和二异氰酸酯,优选MDI、TDI、HDI和IPDI的高分子量的线性热塑性氨基甲酸酯。这样的热塑性体系通常具有极高的粘性和因此也具有极高的加工温度。这决定性地使得用于预浸料的应用变得困难。在用纤维复合材料制造预浸料时,在反应性体系中使用粉末更不常见,且迄今仅限于少数应用领域。将粉末施加在纤维表面上的可能最常用的方法是流化床法(流化床浸渍)。通过上行流将粉末颗粒转换到具有类似于流体的性质的状态。在EP 590 702中使用这种方法。其中,将各纤维束的绞纱捻散(auseinander geflochten)并在流化床中用粉末涂覆。在此,所述粉末由得自反应性的和热塑性的粉末的混合物构成,由此优化了基质的性质。最后,将各粗纱(纤维束)堆集在一起并在16巴的压力下经大约20分钟压制成数层。温度在250至350℃之间变化。但是,在流化床法中,常发生不规则涂覆,特别是如果绞纱未分开。
对此,在US 20040231598中介绍了一种与流化床法作用类似的方法。其中,空气流将颗粒传送至基底并通过特殊的构造实现粉末的均匀沉积。
US 20050215148描述了另一方法。在那里,用刚刚提到的设备实现了粉末在纤维上的均匀分布。在此,粒度达到1至2000微米。在多个实验中,从一面或从两面实施涂布。通过粉末的均匀施加,在随后的预浸料的压制后获得未夹杂空气的层压件。
另一申请WO 2006/043019描述了粉末形式的环氧基-和氨基封端的树脂的使用。其中,将粉末混合并施加到纤维上。接着,烧结颗粒。粒度在1至3000微米之间,但优选在1至150微米之间。
在Michigan State University进行的研究中也推荐这样将粒度限制在更小的直径中。此处的理论是,具有小直径的颗粒比具有大直径的颗粒更能进入各纤维之间的空隙中(S. Padaki, L.T. Drzal: a simulation study on the effects of particle sizeon the consolidation of polymer powder impregnated tapes, Department ofChemical Engineering, Michigan State University, Composites: Part A (1999),第325-337页)。
除预浸料技术外,反应性粉末体系也用在其它常规方法中,例如在卷绕技术中[M.N. Ghasemi Nejhad, K.M. Ikeda: Design, manufacture and characterization ofcomposites using on-line recycled thermoplastic powder impregnation of fibresand in-situ filament winding, Department of Mechanical Engineering,University of Hawaii at Manoa, Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials,第11卷, 第533-572页, 1998年11月]或在拉挤成型法中。对于拉挤成型法,例如用粉末涂覆纤维绳(丝束浸渍料(Towpregs))并首先卷绕和储存作为所谓的丝束浸渍料。在SAMPEJournal中的文章中描述了它们的一种制造可能性 [R.E. Allred, S. P. Wesson, D. A.Babow: powder impregnation studies for high temperature towpregs, AdherentTechnologies, SAMPE Journal, 第40卷, No. 6, 第40-48页, 2004年11/12月]。在另一个研究中,将这样的丝束浸渍料通过拉挤成型法共同压制并固化成材料部件[N.C.Parasnis, K. Ramani, H.M. Borgaonkar: Ribbonizing of electrostatic powderspray impregnated thermoplastic tows by pultrusion, School of MechanicalEngineering, Purdue University, Composites, Part A, Applied science andmanufacturing, 第27卷, 第567-574页, 1996]。尽管已用热固性塑料体系进行拉挤成型法中的丝束浸渍料制造和随后的压制,在迄今很大程度上在该方法中仅使用热塑性体系。
在DE 102009001793.3和DE 102009001806.9中,描述了制造储存稳定的预浸料的方法,所述预浸料基本上由以下构建:A) 至少一种纤维状载体和B) 至少一种反应性粉末状的聚氨酯组合物作为基质材料。
目的是找到用于制造基于聚氨酯组合物的操作无问题的、即无毒的聚氨酯基预浸料体系的更简单的方法。本发明的另一目的是找到可用简单方法制造的具有聚氨酯基质材料的预浸料,其中应主要强调预浸料的操作和储存寿命。
对预浸料的制备而言,如果非交联基质材料的制剂的粘度足够低,以确保在复合部件制造过程中润湿具有足够纤维体积含量的纤维状载体,则是有利的,其中触变性也可以是有利的,以此可以防止树脂流进垂直部件部分中。
通过选择合适的原材料制造基质材料,应确保未完全反应的基质材料的熔融与反应完全结束之间足够长的加工时间(取决于复合材料制造中各自的用途)。
令人惊讶地,现在已经发现,通过首先将其各组分溶解在合适的共同溶剂(C)中,用该溶液浸湿/浸渍所述纤维状载体和然后在低温(<100℃)下完全除去该溶剂(通过例如热处理或施加真空),可以制备充分浸渍的、反应性的和储存稳定的预浸料。由此获得具有与DE 102009001793或DE 102009001806中描述的那些至少相同或甚至改进的加工性质的预浸料,其可用于制造在建筑工业、汽车工业、航空工业和航天工业、能源技术(风力发电厂)的领域和船舶建造部门中广泛应用的高性能复合材料。可根据本发明使用的反应性聚氨酯组合物是对环境友好的,低成本的,具有良好的机械性质,可易于加工并且特点是在固化后良好的耐候性和刚性与挠性之间的平衡关系。
本发明的主题是用于制造预浸料的方法,其基本构成如下:
A) 至少一种纤维状载体
和
B) 作为基质材料的至少一种反应性聚氨酯组合物,
其中所述聚氨酯组合物在至少一种溶剂(C)中基本上含有得自作为粘合剂的具有异氰酸酯反应性官能团的聚合物b)和作为固化剂的内部封端的和/或用封端剂封端的二-或多-异氰酸酯a)的混合物,
所述方法
I. 通过在至少一种溶剂(C)中制造反应性聚氨酯组合物B),
和
II. 用B)的溶液直接浸渍纤维状载体A),
III. 除去所述溶剂。
制备预浸料的方法原理在于,首先由在合适的共同溶液(C)中由其各组分制造反应性聚氨酯组合物B)的溶液。然后将该反应性聚氨酯组合物B)的溶液直接施加到纤维状载体A)上,其中用该溶液浸湿/浸渍了所述纤维状载体。然后除去所述溶剂。优选在低温,优选<100℃,通过例如热处理或施加真空来完全除去溶剂。此后,可以在随后的时间点将再次不含溶剂的可储存预浸料进一步加工成复合材料。通过根据本发明的方法,由于反应性聚氨酯组合物的溶液极好地润湿了载体的纤维,实现了纤维状载体的极好浸渍,其中通过先前的熔体均化将避免能造成开始交联反应的聚氨酯组合物的热应力,此外,省略研磨和筛分成各粒度级分的工艺步骤,以获得经浸渍的纤维状载体的更高收率。
制造用于制造预浸料的聚氨酯组合物B)的溶液可以在合适的装置,例如可加热的搅拌釜、捏合机或甚至挤出机中进行,其中不应超过100℃的温度上限。
与DE 102009001793.3和DE 102009001806.9相反,根据本发明,将溶液与纤维状载体聚在一起,并进一步加工成具有所需纤维体积含量的预浸料。
根据本发明,按照溶液浸渍法制造预浸料原则上可以按照任意方法和借助于已知装置和设备进行。
尤其对于制备环氧复合材料使用所述溶液浸渍
[“Composites Technologien, Paolo Ermanni (第4版), Script for LectureETH Zürich, 2007年8月, 第4.2.2章”]。但是,那里没有提及溶液中的反应性聚氨酯组合物。
这些高的温度,如其在熔体浸渍法中或在烧结粉末状反应性聚氨酯组合物时至少短时间是必要的,而在根据本发明的方法中不是必需的。最终的反应性聚氨酯组合物的温度负荷仅仅在浸渍之后除去使用的溶剂(C)时出现,其中不应超过80–100℃的温度,以防止反应性基质材料开始反应。
如此制成的预浸料可按需要合并和裁剪成不同形状。
为使预浸料固结成单一复合材料和为使基质材料交联成基质,将预浸料裁剪,任选缝合或另外固定并在合适的模具中在压力和任选施加真空下压制。在本发明范围内,根据固化时间,在使用反应性基质材料时(方案I)在大约160℃以上或在具有适当催化剂的高反应性基质材料的情况中(方案II)在100℃以上进行由预浸料制造复合材料的此过程。
在冷却至室温后,只要基质材料具有至少40℃的Tg,则根据本发明制成的预浸料就具有极高的在室温下的储存稳定性。根据所含的反应性聚氨酯组合物,这为在室温下至少几天,但该预浸料通常在40℃及以下的温度储存稳定数周。如此制成的预浸料不粘并因此非常易于使用和进一步加工。因此根据本发明使用的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物在纤维状载体上具有极好的粘附和分布。
在预浸料进一步加工例如通过在升高的温度下压制成复合材料的过程中,在通过反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物在升高的温度下的交联反应而出现胶凝化或整个聚氨酯基质固化之前,由于液体低粘反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物在交联反应之前极好地润湿了载体的纤维,实现了纤维状载体的极好浸渍。
根据所用的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物和任选添加的催化剂的组成,可以在宽的范围内改变复合部件制造中的交联反应的速率以及基质的性质。
在本发明范围内,用于制造预浸料的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物被定义为基质材料并在预浸料的描述中被定义为通过根据本发明的方法施加到纤维上的仍有反应性或高反应性的聚氨酯组合物。
基质定义为已在该复合材料中交联的得自反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物的基质材料。
载体
在本发明范围内,纤维状载体由纤维状材料(通常也称作增强纤维)构成。通常,任何由纤维构成的材料都是合适的,但优选使用得自玻璃、碳、塑料,例如聚酰胺(芳族聚酰胺)或聚酯、天然纤维或矿物纤维材料,如玄武岩纤维或陶瓷纤维(基于氧化铝和/或氧化硅的氧化物纤维)的纤维材料。也可以使用纤维类型的混合物,例如芳族聚酰胺-和玻璃纤维、或碳-和玻璃纤维的织物组合。同样可以用获自不同纤维状载体的预浸料制造混合复合部件。
主要由于它们相对低的价格,玻璃纤维是最常用的纤维类型。原则上,所有类型的玻璃基增强纤维在这里均是合适的(E玻璃纤维、S玻璃纤维、R玻璃纤维、M玻璃纤维、C玻璃纤维、ECR玻璃纤维、D玻璃纤维、AR玻璃纤维或中空玻璃纤维)。碳纤维通常用在高性能复合材料中,其中与玻璃纤维相比,更低的密度同时更高的强度也是一个重要因素。碳纤维(也称作碳纤维)是得自含碳原材料的工业生产的纤维,其通过热解转化成石墨状布置的碳。区分为各向同性的和各向异性的类型:各向同性纤维只具有低强度和较低工业意义,各向异性纤维显示出高强度和刚度同时低的断裂伸长。在此,获自植物和动物材料的所有织物纤维和纤维材料(例如木纤维、纤维素纤维、棉纤维、大麻纤维、黄麻纤维、亚麻纤维、西沙尔麻纤维或竹纤维)被描述为天然纤维。芳族聚酰胺纤维,也与碳纤维类似,具有负的热膨胀系数,即在加热时变短。它们的比强度和它们的弹性模量明显低于碳纤维。与基质树脂的正膨胀系数结合,可以制成高尺寸稳定的部件。与碳纤维增强的塑料相比,芳族聚酰胺纤维复合材料的耐压性明显更低。芳族聚酰胺纤维的已知品牌是来自DuPont的Nomex®和Kevlar®,或来自Teijin的Teijinconex®、Twaron®和Technora®。得自玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维或陶瓷纤维的载体是特别合适并优选的。所述纤维状材料是纺织的平面构型物品。得自无纺布,以及所谓的针织物,如针织品(Gewirke)和纬编织品(Gestrike),以及非针织的绞纱(Gebinde),如织物(Gewebe)、网格布(Gelege)或编结物(Geflechte)的平面构型物品是合适的。此外,作为载体区分长纤维材料和短纤维材料。根据本发明,粗纱和纱线也合适。所有所提及的材料都适合作为在本发明范围内的纤维状载体。在“CompositesTechnologien, Paolo Ermanni (第4版), Script zur Vorlesung ETH Zürich, 2007年8月, 第7章”中包含增强材料的综述。
基质材料
原则上,所有通常在室温下也储存稳定的反应性聚氨酯组合物均适合作为基质材料。根据本发明,合适的聚氨酯组合物由得自具有官能团-NCO反应性基团-的聚合物b)(粘合剂),也称作树脂,和暂时失活,换言之内部封端和/或用封端剂封端的二-或多异氰酸酯(也称作固化剂a)(组分a))的混合物构成。
作为聚合物b)(粘合剂)的官能团,与游离的异氰酸酯基团加成反应并由此交联和固化聚氨酯组合物的羟基、氨基和巯基是合适的。该粘合剂组分必须具有固体树脂性质(玻璃化温度高于室温)。作为粘合剂可以考虑具有OH值为20至500 mg KOH/克且平均摩尔质量为250至6000 g/mol的聚酯、聚醚、聚丙烯酸酯、聚碳酸酯和聚氨酯。特别优选OH值为20至150 mg KOH/克且平均分子量为500至6000 g/mol的含羟基的聚酯或聚丙烯酸酯。当然,也可以使用这样的聚合物的混合物。如此选择具有官能团的聚合物b)的量,以使在组分b)的各官能团上消耗组分a)的0.6至2 NCO当量或0.3至1个脲二酮基团。
作为固化剂组分a),使用被封端剂封端或内部封端的(脲二酮)二-和多异氰酸酯。
根据本发明使用的二-和多异氰酸酯可以由任意芳族、脂族、脂环族和/或(环)脂族二-和/或多异氰酸酯构成。
作为芳族二-或多异氰酸酯,原则上所有已知的芳族化合物都合适。1,3-和1,4-苯二异氰酸酯、1,5-萘二异氰酸酯、联甲苯胺二异氰酸酯、2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(2,4-TDI)、2,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(2,4’-MDI)、4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、单体二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和低聚二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(聚合物MDI)的混合物、苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、四甲基苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯和三异氰酸根合甲苯是特别合适的。
合适的脂族二-或多异氰酸酯有利地在直链或支链亚烷基残基中具有3至16个碳原子,优选4至12个碳原子,和合适的脂环族或(环)脂族二异氰酸酯有利地在环亚烷基残基中具有4至18个碳原子,优选6至15个碳原子。本领域技术人员充分理解,(环)脂族二异氰酸酯是指同时在环上和脂族上键合有NCO基团,如例如在异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯中的情况那样。与此相反,脂环族二异氰酸酯被理解为是指只有直接键合到脂环族环上的NCO基团的那些,例如H12MDI。实例是环己烷二异氰酸酯、甲基环己烷二异氰酸酯、乙基环己烷二异氰酸酯、丙基环己烷二异氰酸酯、甲基二乙基环己烷二异氰酸酯、丙烷二异氰酸酯、丁烷二异氰酸酯、戊烷二异氰酸酯、己烷二异氰酸酯、庚烷二异氰酸酯、辛烷二异氰酸酯、壬烷二异氰酸酯、壬烷三异氰酸酯,如4-异氰酸根合甲基-1,8-辛烷二异氰酸酯(TIN)、癸烷二-和三异氰酸酯、十一烷二-和三异氰酸酯和十二烷二-和三异氰酸酯。
异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷(H12MDI)、2-甲基戊烷二异氰酸酯(MPDI)、2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯/2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(TMDI)、降冰片烷二异氰酸酯(NBDI)是优选的。最特别优选使用IPDI、HDI、TMDI和H12MDI,其中异氰脲酸酯也可使用。4-甲基-环己烷-1,3-二异氰酸酯、2-丁基-2-乙基五亚甲基二异氰酸酯、3(4)-异氰酸根合甲基-1-甲基环己基异氰酸酯、2-异氰酸根合丙基环己基异氰酸酯、2,4’-亚甲基双(环己基)二异氰酸酯、1,4-二异氰酸根合-4-甲基-戊烷也是合适的。
当然,也可以使用二-和多异氰酸酯的混合物。
此外,优选使用可由所述二-或多-异氰酸酯或其混合物通过用氨基甲酸酯结构、脲基甲酸酯结构、脲结构、缩二脲结构、脲二酮结构、酰胺结构、异氰脲酸酯结构、碳二亚胺结构、脲酮亚胺结构、噁二嗪三酮结构或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮结构连接制成的低聚-或多异氰酸酯。特别合适的是异氰脲酸酯,尤其是得自IPDI和HDI的。
根据本发明使用的多异氰酸酯是封端的。外部封端剂,例如乙酰乙酸乙酯、二异丙胺、甲基乙基酮肟、丙二酸二乙酯、ε-己内酰胺、1,2,4-三唑、苯酚或取代的酚类和3,5-二甲基吡唑可用于此。
优选使用的固化剂组分是含有异氰脲酸酯基团和ε-己内酰胺封端的异氰酸酯结构的IPDI加合物。
内部封端也是可行的并优选使用。通过经由脲二酮结构形成二聚体,实现内部封端,所述脲二酮结构在升高的温度下再裂解回最初存在的异氰酸酯结构并因此开始与粘合剂交联。
任选地,该反应性聚氨酯组合物可含有另外的催化剂。在此是0.001 - 1重量%的量的有机金属催化剂,例如二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTL)、辛酸锡、新癸酸铋或叔胺,例如1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷。根据本发明使用的这些反应性聚氨酯组合物在正常条件下,例如用DBTL催化,自160℃起,通常自大约180℃起固化和如指示。
为了制造反应性聚氨酯组合物,可以以0.05至5重量%的总量添加涂料粉末技术中常用的添加剂,如流平剂,例如聚硅酮或丙烯酸酯,光保护剂,例如位阻胺,或如EP 669 353中描述的其它助剂。可以以总组合物的最多30重量%的量添加填料和颜料,例如二氧化钛。
在本发明范围内,反应性(方案I)是指根据本发明使用的反应性聚氨酯组合物如上所述在自160℃起的温度下且取决于载体的类型固化。
使根据本发明使用的反应性聚氨酯组合物在正常条件下,例如用DBTL催化,自160℃起,通常自大约180℃起固化。根据本发明使用的聚氨酯组合物的固化时间通常在5至60分钟内。
在本发明中优选使用得自含有反应性脲二酮基团的聚氨酯组合物B)的基质材料B),其基本上含有
a) 至少一种含有脲二酮基团的固化剂,其基于含有脂族、(环)脂族或脂环族脲二酮基团的多异氰酸酯和含羟基的化合物的加聚化合物,其中该固化剂在40℃以下以固体形式和在125℃以上以液体形式存在并具有小于5重量%的游离NCO含量和3-25重量%的脲二酮含量,
b) 至少一种含羟基的聚合物,其在40℃以下以固体形式和在125℃以上以液体形式存在并且OH值在20-200 mg KOH/克,
c) 任选至少一种催化剂,
d) 任选由聚氨酯化学已知的助剂和添加剂,
以使这两种组分a)和b)以这样的比例存在,即在组分b)的每个羟基上消耗组分a)的0.3至1个脲二酮基团,优选0.45至0.55。后者相当于0.9-1.1:1的NCO/OH比。
含有脲二酮基团的多异氰酸酯是公知的并例如描述在US 4,476,054、US 4,912,210、US 4,929,724和EP 417 603中。J. Prakt. Chem. 336 (1994) 185-200提供了异氰酸酯二聚成脲二酮的工业相关方法的全面综述。通常,在可溶的二聚化催化剂,例如二烷基氨基吡啶、三烷基膦、亚磷酸三酰胺或咪唑类存在下将异氰酸酯转化成脲二酮。该反应-任选在溶剂中,但优选在不存在溶剂的情况下进行-在达到所需转化水平后通过添加催化剂毒物来停止。通过短程蒸馏除去过量的单体异氰酸酯。如果该催化剂足够挥发,可以在单体分离过程中从反应混合物中除去催化剂。在这种情况下可省略催化剂毒物的添加。原则上,多种异氰酸酯适用于制造含有脲二酮基团的多异氰酸酯。可以使用上面提及的二-和多异氰酸酯。但是,得自任意脂族、脂环族和/或(环)脂族的二-和/或多异氰酸酯的二-和多异氰酸酯是优选的。根据本发明使用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷(H12MDI)、2-甲基戊烷二异氰酸酯(MPDI)、2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯/2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(TMDI)或降冰片烷二异氰酸酯(NBDI)。最特别优选使用IPDI、HDI、TMDI和H12MDI,其中也可以使用异氰脲酸酯。
最特别优选使用IPDI和HDI用于基质材料。这些含有脲二酮基团的多异氰酸酯转化成含有脲二酮基团的固化剂a)的反应包括游离NCO基团与作为增链剂的含羟基的单体或聚合物,例如聚酯、聚硫醚、聚醚、聚己内酰胺、聚环氧化物、聚酯酰胺、聚氨酯或低分子量二-、三-和/或四元醇和任选作为链终止剂的单胺和/或一元醇的反应,并通常已描述(EP669 353、EP 669 354、DE 30 30 572、EP 639 598或EP 803 524)。
优选的具有脲二酮基团的固化剂a)具有小于5重量%的游离NCO含量和3至25重量%,优选6至18重量%的脲二酮基团含量(作为C2N2O2计算,分子量84)。聚酯和单体二元醇是优选的。除脲二酮基团外,该固化剂还可具有异氰脲酸酯结构、缩二脲结构、脲基甲酸酯结构、氨基甲酸酯结构和/或脲结构。
在含羟基的聚合物b)的情况下,优选使用具有OH值为20 – 200 mg KOH/克的聚酯、聚醚、聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯和/或聚碳酸酯。特别优选使用在40℃以下以固体形式和在125℃以上以液体形式存在的具有OH值为30 - 150、平均分子量为500 - 6000 g/mol的聚酯。这样的粘合剂已经例如描述在EP 669 354和EP 254 152中。当然,也可以使用这样的聚合物的混合物。如此选择含羟基的聚合物b)的量,以使组分b)的每个羟基上消耗组分a)的0.3至1个脲二酮基团,优选0.45至0.55。任选地,在根据本发明的反应性聚氨酯组合物B)中可含有另外的催化剂c)。在此是0.001 - 1重量%的量的有机金属催化剂,例如二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸锌、新癸酸铋或叔胺,例如1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷。根据本发明使用的这些反应性聚氨酯组合物在正常条件下,例如用DBTL催化,自160℃起,通常自大约180℃起固化,并被称作方案I。
为了制造根据本发明的反应性聚氨酯组合物,可以以0.05至5重量%的总量添加涂料粉末技术中常见的添加剂d),如流平剂,例如聚硅酮或丙烯酸酯,光保护剂,例如位阻胺,或如EP 669 353中描述的其它助剂。可以以总组合物的最多30重量%的量添加填料和颜料,例如二氧化钛。
根据本发明使用的反应性聚氨酯组合物在正常条件下,例如用DBTL催化,自160℃起,通常自大约180℃起固化。根据本发明使用的反应性聚氨酯组合物提供极好的流动和因此良好的浸渍性能和在固化态下优异的化学品耐受性。此外,在使用脂族交联剂(例如IPDI或H12MDI)时,另外还实现良好的耐候性。
在本发明中特别优选使用由下列材料制成的基质材料
B) 至少一种含有高反应性脲二酮基团的聚氨酯组合物,其基本上含有
a) 至少一种含有脲二酮基团的固化剂
和
b) 任选至少一种具有NCO基团反应性官能团的聚合物;
c) 0.1至5重量%的至少一种选自季铵盐和/或季鏻盐的催化剂,其具有卤素、氢氧根、烷氧离子或有机的或无机的酸阴离子为抗衡离子;
和
d) 0.1至5重量%的至少一种助催化剂,其选自
d1) 至少一种环氧化物
和/或
d2) 至少一种金属乙酰丙酮化物和/或季铵乙酰丙酮化物和/或季鏻乙酰丙酮化物;
e) 任选地,从聚氨酯化学已知的助剂和添加剂。
最特别使用由下列材料制成的基质材料B)
B) 至少一种含有脲二酮基团的高反应性粉末状聚氨酯组合物作为基质材料,其基本含有
a) 至少一种含有脲二酮基团的固化剂,所述固化剂基于得自含有脲二酮基团的脂族、(环)脂族或脂环族的多异氰酸酯和含羟基的化合物的加聚化合物,其中该固化剂在40℃以下以固体形式和在125℃以上以液体形式存在并具有小于5重量%的游离NCO含量和3-25重量%的脲二酮含量,
b) 至少一种含羟基的聚合物,其在40℃以下以固体形式和在125℃以上以液体形式存在并且OH值为20-200 mg KOH/克;
c) 0.1至5重量%的至少一种选自季铵盐和/或季鏻盐的催化剂,其具有卤素、氢氧根、烷氧离子或有机或无机的酸阴离子作为抗衡离子;
和
d) 0.1至5重量%的至少一种助催化剂,其选自
d1) 至少一种环氧化物
和/或
d2) 至少一种金属乙酰丙酮化物和/或季铵乙酰丙酮化物和/或季鏻乙酰丙酮化物;
e) 任选地,从聚氨酯化学已知的助剂和添加剂,
以使这两种组分a)和b)以这样的比例存在,即在组分b)的每个羟基上消耗组分a)的0.3至1个,优选0.6至0.9个脲二酮基团。后者相当于0.6-2:1或1.2-1.8:1的NCO/OH比。使根据本发明使用的高反应性聚氨酯组合物在100至160℃的温度下固化并被称作方案II。
根据本发明,合适的含有高反应性脲二酮基团的聚氨酯组合物含有得自暂时失活的、即含有脲二酮基团的(内部封端的)二-或多异氰酸酯,也称作固化剂a),和根据本发明包含的催化剂c)和d)以及任选另外具有官能团- NCO基团反应性的-聚合物(粘合剂),也称作树脂b)的混合物。所述催化剂确保含有脲二酮基团的聚氨酯组合物在低温下的固化。含有脲二酮基团的聚氨酯组合物因此是高反应性的。
作为组分a)和b),使用如上描述的那些。
作为c)下的催化剂,使用季铵盐,优选四烷基铵盐和/或季鏻盐,其具有卤素、氢氧根、烷氧离子或有机或无机的酸阴离子为抗衡离子。这些的实例是:四甲基甲酸铵、四甲基乙酸铵、四甲基丙酸铵、四甲基丁酸铵、四甲基苯甲酸铵、四乙基甲酸铵、四乙基乙酸铵、四乙基丙酸铵、四乙基丁酸铵、四乙基苯甲酸铵、四丙基甲酸铵、四丙基乙酸铵、四丙基丙酸铵、四丙基丁酸铵、四丙基苯甲酸铵、四丁基甲酸铵、四丁基乙酸铵、四丁基丙酸铵、四丁基丁酸铵和四丁基苯甲酸铵和四丁基乙酸鏻、四丁基甲酸鏻和乙基三苯基乙酸鏻、四丁基鏻苯并三唑盐、四苯基苯酚鏻和三己基十四烷基癸酸鏻、甲基三丁基氢氧化铵、甲基三乙基氢氧化铵、四甲基氢氧化铵、四乙基氢氧化铵、四丙基氢氧化铵、四丁基氢氧化铵、四戊基氢氧化铵、四己基氢氧化铵、四辛基氢氧化铵、四癸基氢氧化铵、十四烷基三己基氢氧化铵、四-十八烷基氢氧化铵、苄基三甲基氢氧化铵、苄基三乙基氢氧化铵、三甲基苯基氢氧化铵、三乙基甲基氢氧化铵、三甲基乙烯基氢氧化铵、甲基三丁基甲醇铵、甲基三乙基甲醇铵、四甲基甲醇铵、四乙基甲醇铵、四丙基甲醇铵、四丁基甲醇铵、四戊基甲醇铵、四己基甲醇铵、四辛基甲醇铵、四癸基甲醇铵、十四烷基三己基甲醇铵、四-十八烷基甲醇铵、苄基三甲基甲醇铵、苄基三乙基甲醇铵、三甲基苯基甲醇铵、三乙基甲基甲醇铵、三甲基乙烯基甲醇铵、甲基三丁基乙醇铵、甲基三乙基乙醇铵、四甲基乙醇铵、四乙基乙醇铵、四丙基乙醇铵、四丁基-乙醇铵、四戊基乙醇铵、四己基乙醇铵、四辛基甲醇铵、四癸基乙醇铵、十四烷基三己基乙醇铵、四-十八烷基乙醇铵、苄基三甲基乙醇铵、苄基三乙基乙醇铵、三甲基苯基乙醇铵、三乙基甲基乙醇铵、三甲基乙烯基乙醇铵、甲基三丁基苄醇铵、甲基三乙基苄醇铵、四甲基苄醇铵、四乙基苄醇铵、四丙基苄醇铵、四丁基苄醇铵、四戊基苄醇铵、四己基苄醇铵、四辛基苄醇铵、四癸基苄醇铵、十四烷基三己基苄醇铵、四-十八烷基苄醇铵、苄基三甲基苄醇铵、苄基三乙基苄醇铵、三甲基苯基苄醇铵、三乙基甲基苄醇铵、三甲基乙烯基苄醇铵、四甲基氟化铵、四乙基氟化铵、四丁基氟化铵、四辛基氟化铵、苄基三甲基氟化铵、四丁基氢氧化鏻、四丁基氟化鏻、四丁基氯化铵、四丁基溴化铵、四丁基碘化铵、四乙基氯化铵、四乙基溴化铵、四乙基碘化铵、四甲基氯化铵、四甲基溴化铵、四甲基碘化铵、苄基三甲基氯化铵、苄基三乙基氯化铵、苄基三丙基氯化铵、苄基三丁基氯化铵、甲基三丁基氯化铵、甲基三丙基氯化铵、甲基三乙基氯化铵、甲基三苯基氯化铵、苯基三甲基氯化铵、苄基三甲基溴化铵、苄基三乙基溴化铵、苄基三丙基溴化铵、苄基三丁基溴化铵、甲基三丁基溴化铵、甲基三丙基溴化铵、甲基三乙基溴化铵、甲基三苯基溴化铵、苯基三甲基溴化铵、苄基三甲基碘化铵、苄基三乙基碘化铵、苄基三丙基碘化铵、苄基三丁基碘化铵、甲基三丁基碘化铵、甲基三丙基碘化铵、甲基三乙基碘化铵、甲基三苯基碘化铵和苯基三甲基碘化铵、甲基三丁基氢氧化铵、甲基三乙基氢氧化铵、四甲基氢氧化铵、四乙基氢氧化铵、四丙基氢氧化铵、四丁基氢氧化铵、四戊基氢氧化铵、四己基氢氧化铵、四辛基氢氧化铵、四癸基氢氧化铵、十四烷基三己基氢氧化铵、四-十八烷基氢氧化铵、苄基三甲基氢氧化铵、苄基三乙基氢氧化铵、三甲基苯基氢氧化铵、三乙基甲基氢氧化铵、三甲基乙烯基氢氧化铵、四甲基氟化铵、四乙基氟化铵、四丁基氟化铵、四辛基氟化铵和苄基三甲基氟化铵。这些催化剂可以单独或以混合物形式添加。优选使用四乙基苯甲酸铵和四丁基氢氧化铵。
基于基质材料的总配方计,催化剂c)的含量可以为0.1至5重量%,优选0.3至2重量%。
根据本发明的一种方案包括这样的催化剂c)键合到聚合物b)的官能团上。此外,这些催化剂可以被惰性壳包围并由此被包封。
作为助催化剂d1),使用环氧化物。在此可以考虑例如缩水甘油醚和缩水甘油酯、脂族环氧化物、基于双酚A的二缩水甘油醚和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。这样的环氧化物的实例是异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯(TGIC,商品名ARALDIT 810, Huntsman)、对苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯和偏苯三酸三缩水甘油酯的混合物(商品名ARALDIT PT 910和912, Huntsman)、Versatic酸的缩水甘油酯(商品名KARDURA E10, Shell)、3,4-环氧环己基甲基3’,4’-环氧环己烷甲酸酯(ECC)、基于双酚A的二缩水甘油醚(商品名EPIKOTE 828, Shell)、乙基己基缩水甘油醚、丁基缩水甘油醚、季戊四醇四缩水甘油醚(商品名POLYPOX R 16, UPPC AG)和具有游离环氧基的其它Polypox类型。也可以使用混合物。优选使用ARALDIT PT 910和912。
作为助催化剂d2),可以考虑金属乙酰丙酮化物。其实例是单独或混合的乙酰丙酮锌、乙酰丙酮锂和乙酰丙酮锡。优选使用乙酰丙酮锌。
此外,作为助催化剂d2),可以考虑季铵乙酰丙酮化物或季鏻乙酰丙酮化物。
这样的催化剂的实例是四甲基乙酰丙酮铵、四乙基乙酰丙酮铵、四丙基乙酰丙酮铵、四丁基乙酰丙酮铵、苄基三甲基乙酰丙酮铵、苄基三乙基乙酰丙酮铵、四甲基乙酰丙酮鏻、四乙基乙酰丙酮鏻、四丙基乙酰丙酮鏻、四丁基乙酰丙酮鏻、苄基三甲基乙酰丙酮鏻和苄基三乙基乙酰丙酮鏻。特别优选使用四乙基乙酰丙酮铵和四丁基乙酰丙酮铵。当然也可以使用这些催化剂的混合物。
基于基质材料的总配方计,助催化剂d1)和/或d2)的含量可以为0.1至5重量%,优选0.3至2重量%。
借助于根据本发明使用的高反应性和因此在低温下固化的聚氨酯组合物B),在100至160℃固化温度下,不仅可节省能量和固化时间,还可以使用许多对温度敏感的载体。
在本发明范围内,高反应性(方案II)是指根据本发明使用的含有脲二酮基团的聚氨酯组合物在100至160℃的温度下,而且根据的类型而固化。该固化温度优选为120至150℃,特别优选130至140℃。根据本发明使用的聚氨酯组合物用的固化时间在5至60分钟内。
根据本发明使用的含有高反应性脲二酮基团的聚氨酯组合物提供极好的流动和因此良好的浸渍性能和在固化状态优异的化学品耐受性。此外,在使用脂族交联剂(例如IPDI或H12MDI)时,还获得良好的耐候性。
作为对于本发明方法的合适溶剂可以使用所有非质子性液体,其对于所述反应性聚氨酯组合物不具有反应性,对于使用的所述反应性聚氨酯组合物的各组分具有足够的溶解能力,并且在除去溶剂的方法步骤的范围内可以从用反应性聚氨酯组合物浸渍的预浸料中抽出直到微小的痕量(<0.5重量%),其中回收分离出的溶剂是有利的。这里例如可提及:酮类(丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮、环己酮),醚类(四氢呋喃)、酯类(乙酸正丙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸异丁酯、1,2-丙二醇碳酸酯、丙二醇-甲基醚-乙酸酯)。
根据本发明制成的预浸料以及复合部件的纤维体积含量为大于50%,优选大于50-70%,特别优选50-65%。
根据本发明用作基质材料的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物基本上由反应性树脂和固化剂的混合物构成。在熔体均化后,这种混合物具有至少40℃的Tg并通常在反应性聚氨酯组合物的情况下在160℃以上或在高反应性聚氨酯组合物的情况下在100℃以上才反应,产生交联的聚氨酯并由此形成该复合材料的基质。这意味着根据本发明的预浸料在其制成后由载体和作为基质材料施加的反应性聚氨酯组合物构成,所述反应性聚氨酯组合物以非交联但反应性形式存在。
该预浸料因此储存稳定通常数天和甚至数周,并因此可随时进一步加工成复合材料。这是与上文已描述的双组分体系的重要区别,后者是反应性且非储存稳定的,因为它们在涂施后立即开始反应和交联产生聚氨酯。
根据本发明的方法可借助已知装置和设备通过反应注射成型(RIM)、增强反应注射成型(RRIM)、拉挤成型法、通过在轧机机架中或借助热刮刀施加熔体,或者其它方法进行。
本发明的主题也是按照根据本发明的方法制成的预浸料的用途,所述预浸料尤其具有玻璃纤维、碳纤维或芳族聚酰胺纤维的纤维状载体。
本发明的主题也是根据本发明制成的预浸料用于制造船舶建造中、航空航天技术中、汽车制造中和用于两轮车(优选摩托车和自行车)的,在汽车、建筑、医学工程、运动、电气和电子工业、发电厂例如用于风力发电厂中的转子叶片的领域中的复合材料的用途。
本发明的主题也是按照根据本发明的方法制成的预浸料。
本发明的主题也是由根据本发明制成的预浸料制成的复合部件。
下面通过实施例说明本发明。
实施例
所用玻璃纤维网格布和玻璃纤维织物:
在实施例中使用下列玻璃纤维网格布和玻璃纤维织物,
玻璃长丝织物296 g/m2 – Atlas, Finish FK 144 (Interglas 92626)。
反应性聚氨酯组合物
将具有下列配方的反应性聚氨酯组合物用于制造预浸料和复合材料。
将表中的原料在预混器中密切混合,并随后溶于给出的溶剂中。
为了制造预浸料,将玻璃纤维织物用基质材料的溶液浸湿。将该预浸料在烘箱中在50-70℃,任选在施加真空的情况下干燥直到重量恒定。基质体积含量在实施例1中(10次试验)测定为34.2%,而在实施例2中(6次试验)测定为33.9%。相应地,纤维体积含量为65.8%(实施例1)和66.1%(实施例2)。
DSC测量
用Mettler Toledo DSC 821e根据DIN 53765进行DSC研究(玻璃化转变温度测定和反应焓测量)。
实施例1或2的预浸料的DSC研究得到下列结果:
在第二次加热时测量的玻璃化温度是经反应的/交联的基质材料的玻璃化温度。
预浸料的储存稳定性
在18或40天之后测量的实施例1或2的预浸料的DSC研究给出的结果可以从图1和2中得到。在储存的过程中所测量的反应焓没有显著地减小,这证明了所述基质材料的反应能力。
复合部件制造
由本领域技术人员已知的压制技术,在复合压机上制造复合部件。将通过直接浸渍制成的均匀的预浸料在台式压机上压制成复合材料。这种台式压机是来自Schwabenthan公司的Polystat 200 T,在120至200℃之间的温度下用其将预浸料压制成相应的复合片材。压力在常压至450巴间变化。根据部件尺寸、部件厚度和聚氨酯组合物和因此在加工温度下的粘度设定的动态压制,即交替加载压力,经证实有利于纤维的润湿。
在一个实例中,将压机的温度调节到150℃并在压制过程中提高到180℃,在3分钟的短暂熔融阶段后将压力提高至5巴并在最多30分钟之后保持该压力直到将复合部件从压机中取出。研究该硬的刚性的、化学品耐受的且抗冲击的复合部件(片材产品)的固化度(通过DSC测定)。在使用聚氨酯组合物的情况下,交联在大约20分钟后完全,其中然后也不再能检出交联反应的反应焓。
Claims (20)
1.用于制造预浸料的方法,所述预浸料基本上如下构成
A) 至少一种纤维状载体
和
B) 至少一种反应性聚氨酯组合物作为基质材料,
其中所述聚氨酯组合物在至少一种溶剂(C)中基本上含有得自作为粘合剂的具有异氰酸酯反应性官能团的聚合物b)和作为固化剂a)的含有脲二酮基团的二-或多异氰酸酯的混合物,其中所述的异氰酸酯反应性官能团选自羟基、氨基和巯基,
所述方法
I. 通过在至少一种溶剂(C)中制造反应性聚氨酯组合物B),
和
II. 用得自B)的溶液直接浸渍纤维状载体A),
III. 除去所述溶剂,
其中所述基质材料具有至少40℃的Tg。
2.根据权利要求1的用于制造预浸料的方法,
其特征在于,
包含得自玻璃、碳、塑料、天然纤维或矿物纤维材料的纤维状材料。
3.根据权利要求2的用于制造预浸料的方法,
其特征在于,
所述塑料是聚酰胺或聚酯。
4.根据权利要求3的用于制造预浸料的方法,
其特征在于,
所述聚酰胺是芳族聚酰胺。
5.根据权利要求2的用于制造预浸料的方法,
其特征在于,
所述矿物纤维材料是玄武岩纤维或陶瓷纤维。
6.根据权利要求1~5任一项的用于制造预浸料的方法,
其特征在于,
作为纤维状载体含有得自无纺布,针织物,非针织的绞纱的纺织平面构型物品作为长纤维材料和短纤维材料。
7.根据权利要求6的用于制造预浸料的方法,
其特征在于,
所述非针织的绞纱是织物、网格布或编结物。
8.根据权利要求1~5任一项的用于制造预浸料的方法,
其特征在于,
所述方法在120℃的温度上限下进行。
9.根据权利要求8的用于制造预浸料的方法,
其特征在于,
所述方法在80至100℃的温度下进行。
10.根据权利要求1的用于制造预浸料的方法,
其特征在于,
使用选自具有OH值为20至500 mg KOH/克且平均摩尔质量为250至6000 g/mol的聚酯、聚醚、聚丙烯酸酯、聚碳酸酯和聚氨酯的所述聚合物b)。
11.根据权利要求1~5任一项的用于制造预浸料的方法,
其特征在于,
使用二-或多异氰酸酯,其选自异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷(H12MDI)、2-甲基戊烷二异氰酸酯(MPDI)、2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯/2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(TMDI)和/或降冰片烷二异氰酸酯(NBDI),其中也可使用异氰脲酸酯。
12.根据权利要求11的用于制造预浸料的方法,
其特征在于,
所述二-或多异氰酸酯选自IPDI、HDI、TMDI和H12MDI。
13.根据权利要求1~5任一项的用于制造预浸料的方法,
其特征在于,
所述反应性聚氨酯组合物B)含有0.001 - 1重量%的量的另外的催化剂。
14.根据权利要求13的用于制造预浸料的方法,
其特征在于,
所述催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸锌、新癸酸铋,和/或叔胺。
15.根据权利要求14的用于制造预浸料的方法,
其特征在于,
所述叔胺是1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷。
16.根据权利要求1~5任一项的用于制造预浸料的方法,
其具有由至少一种含有脲二酮基团的反应性聚氨酯组合物B)构成的基质材料,所述基质材料基本上含有
a) 至少一种含有脲二酮基团的固化剂,其基于得自含有脲二酮基团的脂族、(环)脂族或脂环族多异氰酸酯和含羟基的化合物的加聚化合物,其中所述固化剂在40℃以下以固体形式和在125℃以上以液体形式存在,具有小于5重量%的游离NCO含量和3-25重量%的脲二酮含量,
b) 至少一种含羟基的聚合物,其在40℃以下以固体形式和在125℃以上以液体形式存在并具有20-200 mg KOH/克的OH值,
c) 任选至少一种催化剂,
d) 任选地,从聚氨酯化学已知的助剂和添加剂,
以使这两种组分a)和b)以这样的比例存在,即组分b)的每个羟基上消耗组分a)的0.3至1个脲二酮基团,
其中所述的(环)脂族多异氰酸酯是指同时在环上和脂族上键合有NCO基团的多异氰酸酯,和所述的脂环族多异氰酸酯是指只有直接键合到脂环族环上的NCO基团的多异氰酸酯。
17.根据权利要求16的用于制造预浸料的方法,其中组分b)的每个羟基上消耗组分a)的0.45至0.55个脲二酮基团。
18.根据权利要求1~5任一项的用于制造预浸料的方法,其具有至少一种含有脲二酮基团的高反应性的粉末状的聚氨酯组合物B)作为基质材料,所述基质材料基本上含有
a) 至少一种含有脲二酮基团的固化剂
和
b) 至少一种具有NCO基团反应性官能团的聚合物;
c) 0.1至5重量%的至少一种选自季铵盐和/或季鏻盐的催化剂,其具有卤素、氢氧根、烷氧离子或有机的或无机的酸阴离子作为抗衡离子;
和
d) 0.1至5重量%的至少一种助催化剂,其选自
d1) 至少一种环氧化物
和/或
d2) 至少一种金属乙酰丙酮化物和/或季铵乙酰丙酮化物和/或季鏻乙酰丙酮化物;
e) 任选地,从聚氨酯化学已知的助剂和添加剂。
19.根据权利要求1~5任一项的用于制造预浸料的方法,其具有至少一种含有脲二酮的高反应性粉末状聚氨酯组合物B)作为基质材料,所述基质材料基本上含有
a) 至少一种含有脲二酮基团的固化剂,其基于得自含有脲二酮基团的脂族、(环)脂族或脂环族多异氰酸酯和含羟基的化合物的加聚化合物,其中该固化剂在40℃以下以固体形式和在125℃以上以液体形式存在并具有小于5重量%的游离NCO含量和3-25重量%的脲二酮含量,
b) 至少一种含羟基的聚合物,其在40℃以下以固体形式和在125℃以上以液体形式存在并具有20-200 mg KOH/克的OH值;
c) 0.1至5重量%的至少一种选自季铵盐和/或季鏻盐的催化剂,其具有卤素、氢氧根、烷氧离子或有机的或无机的酸阴离子作为抗衡离子;
和
d) 0.1至5重量%的至少一种助催化剂,其选自
d1) 至少一种环氧化物
和/或
d2) 至少一种金属乙酰丙酮化物和/或季铵乙酰丙酮化物和/或季鏻乙酰丙酮化物;
e) 任选地,从聚氨酯化学已知的助剂和添加剂,
以使这两种组分a)和b)以这样的比例存在,即组分b)的每个羟基上消耗组分a)的0.3至1个脲二酮基团,
其中所述的(环)脂族多异氰酸酯是指同时在环上和脂族上键合有NCO基团的多异氰酸酯,和所述的脂环族多异氰酸酯是指只有直接键合到脂环族环上的NCO基团的多异氰酸酯。
20.根据权利要求19的用于制造预浸料的方法,其中组分b)的每个羟基上消耗组分a)的0.6至0.9个脲二酮基团。
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-
2010
- 2010-09-23 DE DE201010041247 patent/DE102010041247A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-05-30 CA CA 2812196 patent/CA2812196A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-05-30 EP EP11725373.2A patent/EP2619242B1/de active Active
- 2011-05-30 JP JP2013529582A patent/JP5955325B2/ja active Active
- 2011-05-30 CN CN201180056361.2A patent/CN103210011B/zh active Active
- 2011-05-30 BR BR112013006968A patent/BR112013006968A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-05-30 AU AU2011304690A patent/AU2011304690A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-05-30 US US13/825,728 patent/US10029427B2/en active Active
- 2011-05-30 RU RU2013118436/05A patent/RU2013118436A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-05-30 ES ES11725373T patent/ES2847862T3/es active Active
- 2011-05-30 MX MX2013003163A patent/MX2013003163A/es unknown
- 2011-05-30 WO PCT/EP2011/058805 patent/WO2012038105A1/de active Application Filing
- 2011-05-30 KR KR1020137010204A patent/KR101868177B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2847862T3 (es) | 2021-08-04 |
CN103210011A (zh) | 2013-07-17 |
CA2812196A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
KR20140002632A (ko) | 2014-01-08 |
JP2013541612A (ja) | 2013-11-14 |
MX2013003163A (es) | 2013-06-05 |
DE102010041247A1 (de) | 2012-03-29 |
RU2013118436A (ru) | 2014-10-27 |
EP2619242B1 (de) | 2020-12-02 |
AU2011304690A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
KR101868177B1 (ko) | 2018-06-15 |
WO2012038105A1 (de) | 2012-03-29 |
JP5955325B2 (ja) | 2016-07-20 |
US10029427B2 (en) | 2018-07-24 |
BR112013006968A2 (pt) | 2016-07-26 |
EP2619242A1 (de) | 2013-07-31 |
US20130303042A1 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
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