CN102361902B - 预浸料和由其在低温下生产的成型体 - Google Patents
预浸料和由其在低温下生产的成型体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102361902B CN102361902B CN2010800134330A CN201080013433A CN102361902B CN 102361902 B CN102361902 B CN 102361902B CN 2010800134330 A CN2010800134330 A CN 2010800134330A CN 201080013433 A CN201080013433 A CN 201080013433A CN 102361902 B CN102361902 B CN 102361902B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ammonium
- prepreg
- hydroxide
- acetylacetonate
- methyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diazetidine-2,4-dione Chemical group O=C1NC(=O)N1 PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 52
- -1 hydroxide radical Chemical class 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical group CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 10
- VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical group CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium fluoride Chemical class [NH4+].[F-] LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OBBQDLHBLQTARQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-amine;hydrate Chemical compound [OH-].CCCCCC[NH3+] OBBQDLHBLQTARQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- VBQDSLGFSUGBBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(triethyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VBQDSLGFSUGBBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Natural products OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- MNAHQWDCXOHBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylpropane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MNAHQWDCXOHBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylpentane Chemical compound CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YBNOFFZAWGMPOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(CC)(CC)C(C)O.N Chemical compound CCC(CC)(CC)C(C)O.N YBNOFFZAWGMPOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ODEVNESUDCCCBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC1=C(CC)C(CC)=C(CC)C=C1.N Chemical compound CCC1=C(CC)C(CC)=C(CC)C=C1.N ODEVNESUDCCCBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M N,N,N-Trimethylmethanaminium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)C OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- DRDGCDWNOIBRFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [OH-].[NH4+].C(CCCCC)CO Chemical class [OH-].[NH4+].C(CCCCC)CO DRDGCDWNOIBRFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- WDSYFPPDMKLHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-M azanium benzyl(triethyl)azanium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[NH4+].[OH-].C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CC)(CC)CC WDSYFPPDMKLHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- KCUNNSOHQKQZNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N decylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCCCCCCCC[NH3+] KCUNNSOHQKQZNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JEUXZUSUYIHGNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylethanamine;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCN(CC)CC JEUXZUSUYIHGNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LUSRALAAIUPSEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N neurine Chemical compound [O-].C[N+](C)(C)C=C LUSRALAAIUPSEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- WDYNWODBYDDGEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN WDYNWODBYDDGEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SDPBQTFSSSPDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-1-amine;hydrate Chemical compound [OH-].CCCCC[NH3+] SDPBQTFSSSPDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- QSUJAUYJBJRLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC QSUJAUYJBJRLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- GTDKXDWWMOMSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].C[N+](C)(C)C GTDKXDWWMOMSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- QVOFCQBZXGLNAA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(methyl)azanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](C)(CCCC)CCCC QVOFCQBZXGLNAA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- JAJRRCSBKZOLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M triethyl(methyl)azanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](C)(CC)CC JAJRRCSBKZOLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HADKRTWCOYPCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethylphenylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 HADKRTWCOYPCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- OUPZKGBUJRBPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound O=C1N(CC2OC2)C(=O)N(CC2OC2)C(=O)N1CC1CO1 OUPZKGBUJRBPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ATOUXIOKEJWULN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-diisocyanato-2,2,4-trimethylhexane Chemical compound O=C=NCCC(C)CC(C)(C)CN=C=O ATOUXIOKEJWULN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QGLRLXLDMZCFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-diisocyanato-2,4,4-trimethylhexane Chemical compound O=C=NCC(C)CC(C)(C)CCN=C=O QGLRLXLDMZCFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DOFHXXBIPRPYSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [cyclohexyl(isocyanato)methyl]cyclohexane Chemical class C1CCCCC1C(N=C=O)C1CCCCC1 DOFHXXBIPRPYSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O.CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MOUIBQIIGKRZQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5-tetraphenylphenol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=1C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(O)=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 MOUIBQIIGKRZQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YSUQLAYJZDEMOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(butoxymethyl)oxirane Chemical compound CCCCOCC1CO1 YSUQLAYJZDEMOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YCUKMYFJDGKQFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(octan-3-yloxymethyl)oxirane Chemical compound CCCCCC(CC)OCC1CO1 YCUKMYFJDGKQFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XFMHZBKJXVEVPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexyl-2-octylhexadecanoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCC)C(C(O)=O)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC XFMHZBKJXVEVPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XKIRHOWVQWCYBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethylpentan-3-ol Chemical compound CCC(O)(CC)CC XKIRHOWVQWCYBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KEXQTSAIHPVLAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5,6,7-tetrabutyl-2H-benzotriazole Chemical compound C(CCC)C1=C(C(=C(C2=C1NN=N2)CCCC)CCCC)CCCC KEXQTSAIHPVLAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- YKKLUHCECBHTRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)C1=C(C=CC=C1)C(C(=O)O)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C(C)C1=C(C=CC=C1)C(C(=O)O)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 YKKLUHCECBHTRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NGFSIBBXJITIBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(C)C(C1=CC=CC=C1)O.N Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(C1=CC=CC=C1)O.N NGFSIBBXJITIBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PHBHPPPXJDXDBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(C)C(CC1=CC=CC=C1)O.N Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(CC1=CC=CC=C1)O.N PHBHPPPXJDXDBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NRABVYFTFMZMJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=C(C)C(C)=C(C)C=C1.N Chemical compound CC1=C(C)C(C)=C(C)C=C1.N NRABVYFTFMZMJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BBTOUWCGDXRMDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(CC)(CC)OC.N Chemical compound CCC(CC)(CC)OC.N BBTOUWCGDXRMDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FQCPURDNDSACOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCC(CCC)C(CCC)(CCC)O.N Chemical compound CCCC(CCC)C(CCC)(CCC)O.N FQCPURDNDSACOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VJVGDFRITCYLNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCC(CCCC)(CCCC)C(C)O.N Chemical compound CCCCC(CCCC)(CCCC)C(C)O.N VJVGDFRITCYLNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UHECNTMCXFVKMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCC(CCCC)C(CCCC)(CCCC)O.N Chemical compound CCCCC(CCCC)C(CCCC)(CCCC)O.N UHECNTMCXFVKMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YWFSFMOOSKNAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCO.N Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCO.N YWFSFMOOSKNAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GEVVMWHWTUKSKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M [I-].[NH4+].C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.[I-] Chemical compound [I-].[NH4+].C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.[I-] GEVVMWHWTUKSKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- SOASOXUEGJAYCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [OH-].[NH4+].C(C)OC(CC)(CC)CC Chemical compound [OH-].[NH4+].C(C)OC(CC)(CC)CC SOASOXUEGJAYCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IJAGRUVLQXXGLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [OH-].[NH4+].C(C1=CC=CC=C1)OC(C)(C)C Chemical compound [OH-].[NH4+].C(C1=CC=CC=C1)OC(C)(C)C IJAGRUVLQXXGLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XOBVHYQHVDSSME-UHFFFAOYSA-N [OH-].[NH4+].C(CC)OC(CCC)(CCC)CCC Chemical compound [OH-].[NH4+].C(CC)OC(CCC)(CCC)CCC XOBVHYQHVDSSME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KOPYRLXKBRIDMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [OH-].[NH4+].C(CCC)OC(CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC Chemical compound [OH-].[NH4+].C(CCC)OC(CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC KOPYRLXKBRIDMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DBSLFRJZYFDMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [OH-].[NH4+].C(CCCC)CO Chemical compound [OH-].[NH4+].C(CCCC)CO DBSLFRJZYFDMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BUKBKRYAQJPFFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [OH-].[NH4+].C(CCCCCCCCC)CO Chemical class [OH-].[NH4+].C(CCCCCCCCC)CO BUKBKRYAQJPFFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ULSFYYQKCZGDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-M [OH-].[NH4+].CO.C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.[OH-] Chemical compound [OH-].[NH4+].CO.C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.[OH-] ULSFYYQKCZGDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- QSUXOBSEXFUIND-UHFFFAOYSA-N [OH-].[NH4+].COC(C)(C)C Chemical compound [OH-].[NH4+].COC(C)(C)C QSUXOBSEXFUIND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OHMGFSYRIIRLLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [OH-].[NH4+].COC(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C)C Chemical compound [OH-].[NH4+].COC(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C)C OHMGFSYRIIRLLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JNPKHJGVGNPXGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [OH-].[NH4+].COC(CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC Chemical compound [OH-].[NH4+].COC(CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JNPKHJGVGNPXGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bromide Chemical compound [NH4+].[Br-] SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KGXIITCZEDEURP-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane 2,3-dimethylbutan-2-ol Chemical compound N.CC(C)C(C)(C)O KGXIITCZEDEURP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CVVDIAABPIJUMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane 3,4-diethylhexan-3-ol Chemical compound N.CCC(CC)C(O)(CC)CC CVVDIAABPIJUMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BACQOSVGHNOYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane heptan-2-ol Chemical compound N.CCCCCC(C)O BACQOSVGHNOYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DJZCQTRVVBDSRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;2,2,3-trimethylbutanoic acid Chemical compound N.CC(C)C(C)(C)C(O)=O DJZCQTRVVBDSRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZXVOCOLRQJZVBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;ethanol Chemical compound N.CCO ZXVOCOLRQJZVBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZRDJERPXCFOFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;iodic acid Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]I(=O)=O ZRDJERPXCFOFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LKNCKJZBVUVPIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(C)(C)C(=O)[O-].[NH4+] LKNCKJZBVUVPIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IOYVANXSOJHDQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium 2,2,3-tributyl-3-methylheptanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(C)(CCCC)C(CCCC)(CCCC)C(=O)[O-].[NH4+] IOYVANXSOJHDQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LPAMDXFWRUPCGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium 2,2,3-tributylheptanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CCCC)C(CCCC)(CCCC)C(=O)[O-].[NH4+] LPAMDXFWRUPCGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XTRMPQKFVCDQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium 2,2,3-triethyl-3-methylpentanoate Chemical compound CCC(C)(CC)C(CC)(CC)C(=O)[O-].[NH4+] XTRMPQKFVCDQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MEXNOBOSNYAUFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium 2,2,3-triethylpentanoate Chemical compound CCC(CC)C(CC)(CC)C(=O)[O-].[NH4+] MEXNOBOSNYAUFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GWPKJKCCCCBYCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium 2,2,3-tripropylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC(CCC)C(CCC)(CCC)C(=O)[O-].[NH4+] GWPKJKCCCCBYCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
本发明涉及可通过使用包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的粉状高反应性聚氨酯组合物与特定的催化剂得到的预浸料和由其在低温下生产的复合材料部件(成型体)。
Description
本发明涉及可通过使用包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团(Urediongrupp)的粉状高反应性聚氨酯组合物与特定的催化剂得到的预浸料(Prepreg)和由其在低温下生产的复合材料部件(成型体)。
各种成型工艺例如反应传递模塑(Reaction-Transfer-Moulding)(RTM)工艺都包括引入增强纤维到模具内、闭合模具、引入可交联树脂配制剂到模具内和随后使树脂交联,一般是通过引入热量。
这种工艺的限制之一是在模具中放入增强纤维相对困难。独立的布料(Gewebe)或纱布(Gelege)必须被切割并适合不同的模具几何形状。这可能是既费时又复杂的,尤其当成型体还意欲包含泡沫或其它芯时。此时需要具有简单处理和存在再成形可能性的可预成型纤维增强物。
预浸料形式的纤维增强材料已经用在大量工业应用中,因为与可替代的湿铺(wet-lay-up)技术相比,它们易于处理并且加工过程中效率提高。
除了即使在室温下的更快循环时间和更高储存稳定性之外,这种体系的工业用户还要求能够切割预浸料,在自动切割和独立预浸料层铺设过程中切割工具不会被经常粘性的基质材料所污染。
除了聚酯、乙烯基酯和环氧体系外,在交联基质体系领域还存在各种专用树脂。还包括聚氨酯树脂,由于它的韧性、耐损性和强度,其尤其用于通过挤拉工艺生产复合物型材。所用异氰酸酯的毒性经常被作为缺点提及。
与乙烯基酯、不饱和聚酯树脂(UPE)或UPE-氨基甲酸酯混合树脂相比,聚氨酯复合材料还表现出更好的韧性。
基于环氧体系的预浸料和由其生产的复合材料例如描述在WO 98/50211、US 4,992,228、US
5,080,857、US 5,427,725、GB 2007676、GB
2182074、EP 309 221、EP
297 674、WO 89/04335、US 5,532,296和US 4,377,657、US 4,757,120中。
在WO2006/043019中,描述了生产基于环氧树脂聚氨酯粉末的预浸料的方法。
此外,基于粉末形式的热塑性塑料作为基质的预浸料是已知的。
在US2004/0231598中,描述了一种方法,其中利用静电带电使颗粒通过专用的加速室。设备用于涂覆玻璃、芳族聚酰胺或碳纤维基材用于由热塑性树脂生产预浸料。作为树脂,提到聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚醚砜(PES)、聚苯砜(PPS)、聚酰亚胺(PI)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚氨酯(PU)、聚酯和含氟聚合物。由其生产的热塑性预浸料织物表现出固有的韧性、良好的粘弹性阻尼行为、不受限的保存期限以及良好的耐化学品性和可回收性。
在WO98/31535中,描述了粉末浸渍方法,其中用颗粒/液体或颗粒/气体混合物以规定的速度曲线冲击要浸渍的玻璃或碳纤维束。其中,粉末由陶瓷或热塑性材料尤其是热塑性聚氨酯组成。
在WO99/64216中,描述了预浸料和复合材料及其生产方法,其中使用具有小到能够包覆各纤维的聚合物颗粒的乳液。颗粒的聚合物具有至少5000厘泊的粘度,并且为热塑性塑料或交联聚氨酯聚合物。
在EP0590702中,描述了用于预浸料生产的粉末浸渍,其中粉末由热塑性塑料和反应性单体或预聚物的混合物组成。
WO2005/091715同样描述了热塑性塑料用于生产预浸料的用途。
Michaeli等在Coatings
& Composite Materials, No.19, 第37 – 39页, 1997中描述了利用热塑性聚氨酯的拉挤工艺的粉末技术进展。
此外,在论文Processing and properties of thermoplastic polyurethane prepreg. (Ma, C. C. M.; Chiang, C. L. Annual Technical
Conference -Society of Plastics Engineers (1991), 49th 2065-9)中,公开了基于含有溶剂和水的TPU体系的热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)预浸料。
含有基于2-组分聚氨酯(2-K PUR)的基质的预浸料是已知的。
2-K
PUR类别基本包括经典反应性聚氨酯树脂体系。原则上,这是一种由二种独立的组分组成的体系。一种组分的关键成分总是多异氰酸酯,第二种情况为多元醇,或最新的进展也可为氨基或胺基多元醇混合物。两部分是在加工前不久才被混合到一起。然后通过加聚形成聚氨酯或聚脲网络进行化学固化。
混合这二种组分后,2-组分体系具有有限的加工时间(静置时间,贮放时间),因为开始的反应导致粘度渐增直至最后体系凝胶。但是,许多影响因素决定其可加工的有效时间:反应参与物的反应性、催化剂、浓度、溶解性、水分含量、NCO/OH比和环境温度是最重要的[Lackharze, Stoye/Freitag, Hauser-Verlag
1996, 第210/212页]。
基于这种2-K PUR体系的预浸料的缺点在于只有很短的时间可用于将预浸料加工成复合材料。因此,这种预浸料存放后在几小时内不稳定,更不用说数天内了。
下面描述基于2-K PUR体系的聚氨酯预浸料或复合材料。
在K. Recker的论文中,报道了用于树脂垫工艺的2-K聚氨酯体系的开发,尤其考虑了SMC部件的加工性能(Baypreg –ein neuer POLYURETHANE-Werkstoff für das Harzmattenverfahren(一种用于树脂垫工艺的新型聚氨酯材料), Recker,
Klaus, Kunststoffe-Plastics 8,1981)。
WO2005/049301公开了催化活化的2-K PUR体系,其中多异氰酸酯组分和多元醇被混合并通过拉挤加工成复合材料。
在WO2005/106155中,公开了用于建筑行业的纤维增强复合材料,其利用2-K聚氨酯体系通过长纤维注射(LFI)技术生产。
在JP2004196851中,描述了利用基于聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和特定含OH基团化合物的2-K PUR基质由碳纤维和有机纤维如大麻生产的复合材料。
EP1319503描述了聚氨酯复合材料,其中使用了用2-K PUR树脂浸渍的纤维层压制件的特定聚氨酯覆盖层,该纤维层压制件包覆芯层(例如纸蜂窝芯)。2-K
PUR树脂例如由MDI和来自氧化乙烯氧化丙烯共聚物的聚亚丙基三醇和二醇的混合物组成。在WO2003/101719中,描述了聚氨酯基复合材料和生产方法。这些聚氨酯为具有规定的粘度和特定凝胶时间的2-K聚氨酯树脂。
2-K
PUR体系还描述在:“Fiber reinforced polyurethane
composites: shock tolerant components with particular emphasis on armor plating”(Ratcliffe, Colin P.; Crane,
Roger M.; Santiago, Armando L., AMD (1995), 211 (Innovative Processing and
Characterization of Composite Materials), 29-37.) 和Fiber-reinforced polyurethane composites. I. Process
feasibility and morphology(Ma, Chen Chi M.; Chen, Chin Hsing.
International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition (1992), 37 (Mater. Work. You 21st
Century), 1062-74.)中。
除了不同的粘合剂基础外,湿固化漆在其组成以及性质方面很大程度上对应于类似的2-K体系。原则上,使用相同的溶剂、颜料、填料和助剂。与2-K漆不同,出于稳定性原因,这些体系在它们施加前无论如何不能容忍湿气。
还已知的是基于非反应性PUR弹性体的物理干燥体系。这些是来自二醇和二异氰酸酯的高分子量、直链、热塑性聚氨酯,优选MDI、TDI、HDI和IPDI。这类热塑性体系通常表现出非常高的粘度和因此还表现出非常高的加工温度。这严重阻碍了其用于预浸料。
在用纤维复合材料生产预浸料时,在反应体系中使用粉末很不常见,直到现在,只局限于少数应用领域。用于施加粉末到纤维表面上的最常用工艺大概是流化床工艺(流化床浸渍)。借助向上定向的流动,粉末颗粒被转换到表现出类似流体性质的状态。在EP590702中使用了这种工艺。在这种工艺中,单独纤维束的绞股被漂浮分开并在流化床中涂覆以粉末。这里的粉末由反应性和热塑性粉末的混合物组成,以便优化基质的性质。最后,单独的粗纱(纤维束)被放置在一起,几个层在16bar的压力下压缩约20分钟。温度在250至350℃变化。但是,在流化床工艺中,不规则的涂层总是出现,尤其是如果绞股未被分开的话。关于这一点,在US20040231598中,提出了一种方法,其作用类似于流化床工艺。在这种方法中,空气流传递颗粒到基材并通过特定的构造实现粉末的均匀沉积。
另一种工艺描述在US20050215148中。其中利用刚刚提到的设备实现了粉末在纤维上的均匀分布。在这种方法中,颗粒尺寸从1到2000μm。在几个实验中,从一侧或从两侧进行涂覆。通过均匀施加粉末,在随后的预浸料压缩中得到没有气泡夹杂的层压制件。
另一篇申请WO2006/043019描述了粉末形式的环氧树脂和氨基封闭树脂的使用。在这篇申请中,粉末被混合并施加到纤维上。然后,在上面熔结颗粒。颗粒尺寸为1至3000μm,但优选1至150μm。
在Michigan State University的研究中也建议了将颗粒尺寸限制到相当小的直径。这里的理论在于具有小直径的颗粒比具有较大直径的颗粒更有可能渗透到各纤丝之间的空穴内(S. Padaki, L.T. Drzal: a simulation
study on the effects of particle size on the consolidation of polymer powder
impregnated tapes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan State
University, Composites: Part A (1999), 第325-337页)。
除了预浸料技术外,反应性粉末体系也用在其它经典工艺中,例如卷绕技术中[M.N. Ghasemi Nejhad, K.M. Ikeda:
Design, manufacture and characterization of composites using on-line recycled
thermoplastic powder impregnation of fibres and
in-situ filament winding, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Hawaii at Manoa, Journal of Thermoplastic Composite
Materials, 第11卷, 第533-572页, 1998年11月]或拉挤工艺中。例如对于拉挤工艺,用粉末涂覆纤维绞股(预浸料丝束)并首先卷绕并储存为通常所说的预浸料丝束。其生产的一种可能性描述在SAMPE
Journal的论文中[R.E. Allred,
S. P. Wesson, D. A. Babow: powder impregnation
studies for high temperature towpregs, Adherent
Technologies, SAMPE Journal, 第40卷, No. 6, 第40-48页, 2004年11/12月]。在另一项研究中,通过拉挤工艺将这种预浸料丝束挤压到一起并固化得到材料部件[N.C.
Parasnis, K. Ramani, H.M. Borgaonkar: Ribbonizing of
electrostatic powder spray impregnated thermoplastic tows by pultrusion, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue
University, composites, Part A, Applied science and manufacturing, 第27卷, 第567-574页, 1996]。尽管预浸料丝束的生产和随后的拉挤工艺中压缩已经用硬质塑料体系来完成,但到现在为止,在这种工艺中很大程度上只使用热塑性塑料体系。
目的是发现一种基于聚氨酯的预浸料体系,其可没有困难地被处理,即无毒,而且没有热塑性聚氨酯体系的高粘性和伴随的纤维饱和或织物饱和困难,并且没有2K聚氨酯体系的短加工时间。本发明的另一个目的因此是发现可通过简单工艺生产的具有聚氨酯基质材料的预浸料,其中重点放在预浸料的处理和贮存能力上。
对于根据本发明的预浸料,如果未交联基质材料的粘度低到足以确保复合材料部件生产过程中纤维状载体的润湿,则是有利的,其中触变性也可以是有利的,从而可防止垂直部件段中树脂的流走。
通过选择用于生产基质材料的合适原料,可确保未完全反应基质材料熔化和反应结束之间的足够长加工时间(取决于复合材料生产中的具体应用)。
令人惊奇的是,现在发现通过使用包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团并具有高反应性即能在低于160℃的温度固化的粉状聚氨酯组合物,可以生产储存稳定、但仍有反应性并因此在复合材料部件生产过程中可交联的聚氨酯基预浸料,该预浸料可用于生产建筑、汽车、航空航天工业、能源技术(风电厂)和船舶制造领域中各种各样应用所用的高性能复合材料。根据本发明存在的包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物环境无害、具有良好的机械性能,易于加工,并且特点在于在低于160℃的温度固化后具有良好的耐候性以及硬度和柔性之间的平衡关系。
本发明的主题是预浸料,主要(im Wesentlichen)由A)和B)组成:
A)至少一种纤维状载体,
和
B)作为基质材料的至少一种包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物,其主要包含:
a)至少一种包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的固化剂,和
b)任选地,至少一种具有对NCO基团呈反应性的官能团的聚合物;
和
d)0.1-5重量%的选自d1)和/或d2)的至少一种助催化剂
d1)至少一种环氧化物
d2)至少一种金属乙酰丙酮化物和/或季铵乙酰丙酮化物和/或季乙酰丙酮化物;
e)任选地,聚氨酯化学中已知的助剂和添加剂。
本发明的优选主题是预浸料,主要由A)和B)组成:
A)至少一种纤维状载体,
和
B)作为基质材料的至少一种包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物,其主要包含:
a)至少一种包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的固化剂,基于来自包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的脂族、脂(环)族或脂环族多异氰酸酯和含羟基化合物的加聚化合物,其中固化剂在低于40℃以固体形式存在,在高于125℃以液体形式存在,并具有小于5重量%的游离NCO含量和3-25重量%的异氰酸酯二聚体含量,
b)至少一种含羟基聚合物,其在低于40℃以固体形式存在,在高于125℃以液体形式存在,并具有20至200 mg KOH/g的OH值,
和
d)0.1-5重量%的选自d1)和/或d2)的至少一种助催化剂
d1)至少一种环氧化物
e)任选地,聚氨酯化学中已知的助剂和添加剂,
使得两种组分a)和b)以这样的比例存在:组分b)的每个羟基分配到组分a)的0.3-1个、优选0.6-0.9个异氰酸酯二聚体基团。
后者对应于0.6-2比1或1.2-1.8比1的NCO/OH比。
根据本发明生产的预浸料在室温下表现出非常高的储存稳定性,其中基质材料具有至少40℃的Tg。所述稳定性在室温下为至少几天或数周,随存在的高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物变化,但通常而言,预浸料在40℃及更低时稳定储存几天。
在施加和固定后,优选通过热处理,优选通过初始熔结(Ansintern)高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物但不使其交联,预浸料没有粘性并因此非常易于处理和进一步加工。因此,根据本发明使用的包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物在纤维状载体上表现出非常好的粘着和分布。
在例如通过在升高温度压缩将预浸料进一步加工成复合材料(复合材料)的过程中,由于此时仍为液体且包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的低粘度反应性聚氨酯组合物在交联反应前能很好地润湿载体纤维的事实,因此在因高反应性聚氨酯组合物在升高温度交联反应而发生凝胶前或全部聚氨酯基质完全固化前,能非常好地浸渍纤维状载体。
取决于所用包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物和所添加的催化剂,复合材料部件生产过程中交联反应的速度以及基质的特性可在宽范围内变化。
在本发明上下文中,基质材料被定义为用于生产预浸料的高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物,在预浸料的描述中,定义为固定或粘着到纤维上的仍有高反应性的聚氨酯组合物。基质被定义为在复合材料中的来自包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物的经交联的基质材料。
载体
本发明中的纤维状载体由纤维状材料(也经常称为增强纤维)组成。通常,构成纤维的任何材料都是合适的,但是,优选使用玻璃、碳、塑料如聚酰胺(芳族聚酰胺)或聚酯、天然纤维或矿物纤维材料如玄武岩纤维或陶瓷纤维(基于氧化铝和/或氧化硅的氧化物纤维)的纤维状材料。也可使用纤维类型的混合物,如芳族聚酰胺纤维和玻璃纤维的织物组合,或碳纤维和玻璃纤维的织物组合。同样,可制备具有来自不同纤维状载体的预浸料的混合的复合材料部件。
玻璃纤维是最常用的纤维类型,主要归因于它们相对低的价格。原则上,所有类型的玻璃基增强纤维都是合适的(E玻璃、S玻璃、R玻璃、M玻璃、C玻璃、ECR玻璃、D玻璃、AR玻璃或中空玻璃纤维)。
碳纤维通常用在高性能复合材料中,其中与玻璃纤维相比同时具有更低的密度和更高的强度也是重要因素。碳纤维(也叫炭纤维)是由含碳原料在工业上生产的纤维,含碳原料通过热解被转化成类似石墨构造的碳。人们将其分为各向同性和各向异性类型:各向同性纤维只具有低的强度值和较低的工业意义,各向异性纤维表现出高的强度和刚度值,同时具有低的断裂伸长率。
本文中,所有得自植物和动物材料(例如木材、纤维素、棉、大麻、黄麻、亚麻、剑麻或竹纤维)的织物纤维和纤维材料都被描述为天然纤维。
芳族聚酰胺纤维也类似于碳纤维,具有负的热膨胀系数,即在加热时变短。它们的比强度和它们的弹性模量显著低于碳纤维。与基质树脂的正膨胀系数相结合,可制造高度尺寸稳定的部件。与碳纤维增强塑料相比,芳族聚酰胺纤维复合材料的耐压性明显更低。已知的芳族聚酰胺纤维品牌有DuPont的Nomex®和Kevlar®或Teijin的Teijinconex®、Twaron®和Technora®。由玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维或陶瓷纤维制成的载体是尤其合适的。
纤维状材料为平面织物体(textiles Flächengebilde)。无纺布的平面织物体,还有常说的编织物品(Maschenware),如针织品(Gewirke)和针织物(Gestricke),而且还有非编织物品如布料(Gewebe)、纱布(Gelege)或编结物(Geflecht),也是合适的。另外,作为载体区分为长纤维和短纤维材料。根据本发明,粗纱和纱线也是合适的。所有上述材料都适合作为本发明中的纤维载体。
“Composites Technologien, Paolo Ermanni (第4版), Script for Lecture ETH Zürich,
2007年8月, 第7章”中包含了增强纤维的概述。
基质材料
根据本发明,包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的合适粉状高反应性聚氨酯组合物包含临时失活的即含异氰酸酯二聚体基团(内部封闭(intern
blockiert))的二或多异氰酸酯(也称为固化剂a))和根据本发明包含的催化剂c)和d)以及任选的另外的具有对NCO基团呈反应性的官能团的聚合物(粘合剂)(也称为树脂b))的混合物。催化剂确保了包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的聚氨酯组合物在低温下固化。包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的聚氨酯组合物因此是高反应性的。
包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的多异氰酸酯是众所周知的,并例如描述在US 4,476,054、US 4,912,210、US
4,929,724和EP 417 603中。J. Prakt. Chem. 336 (1994) 185-200中提供了用于将异氰酸酯二聚成异氰酸酯二聚体的工业相关工艺的全面概览。通常,在可溶性二聚催化剂如二烷基氨基吡啶、三烷基膦、磷酸三酰胺或咪唑类存在下实施异氰酸酯到异氰酸酯二聚体的转化。反应—任选地在溶剂中进行,但优选在没有溶剂时进行—通过在达到所需的转化水平时加入催化剂毒物来停止。然后通过短程蒸发除去过量的单体异氰酸酯。如果催化剂挥发性足够,则可在单体分离的过程中使反应混合物脱除催化剂。在这种情况下,可省略催化剂毒物的添加。原则上,宽范围异氰酸酯适合包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的多异氰酸酯的生产。来自任何脂族、脂环族和/或脂(环)族二和/或多异氰酸酯的二和多异氰酸酯是合适的。
合适的脂族二或多异氰酸酯在直链或支链亚烷基残基中有利地具有3-16个碳原子,优选4-12个碳原子,合适的脂环族或脂(环)族二异氰酸酯在亚环烷基残基中有利地具有4-18个碳原子,优选6-15个碳原子。本领域那些技术人员充分理解脂(环)族二异氰酸酯意味着同时环上和脂肪链上结合的NCO基团,如例如异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的情况。与此相对,脂环族二异氰酸酯被理解为是指只具有直接结合到脂环族环上的NCO基团的那些,例如H12MDI。例子有环己烷二异氰酸酯、甲基环己烷二异氰酸酯、乙基环己烷二异氰酸酯、丙基环己烷二异氰酸酯、甲基二乙基环己烷二异氰酸酯、丙烷二异氰酸酯、丁烷二异氰酸酯、戊烷二异氰酸酯、己烷二异氰酸酯、庚烷二异氰酸酯、辛烷二异氰酸酯、壬烷二异氰酸酯、壬烷三异氰酸酯,如4-异氰酸根合甲基-1,8-辛烷二异氰酸酯(TIN)、癸烷二和三异氰酸酯、十一烷二和三异氰酸酯以及十二烷二和三异氰酸酯。
异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷(H12MDI)、2-甲基戊烷二异氰酸酯(MPDI)、2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯/2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(TMDI)和降冰片烷二异氰酸酯(NBDI)是优选的。极其特别优选使用IPDI、HDI、TMDI和H12MDI,其中还可以使用异氰脲酸酯。
4-甲基-环己烷-1,3-二异氰酸酯、2-丁基-2-乙基五亚甲基二异氰酸酯、3(4)-异氰酸根合甲基-1-甲基环己基异氰酸酯、2-异氰酸根合丙基环己基异氰酸酯、2,4’-亚甲基双(环己基)二异氰酸酯和1,4-二异氰酸根合-4-甲基戊烷也是合适的。
当然,还可以使用二和多异氰酸酯的混合物。
此外,优选使用通过尿烷、脲基甲酸酯、脲、缩二脲、异氰酸酯二聚体、酰胺、异氰脲酸酯、碳二亚胺、脲酮亚胺、二嗪三酮或亚氨基二嗪二酮结构连接由上述二或多异氰酸酯或其混合物生产的低聚或多异氰酸酯。异氰脲酸酯,尤其是来自IPDI和HDI的,尤其合适。
非常尤其优选地,IPDI和HDI用于基质材料。
这些包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的多异氰酸酯到包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的固化剂a)的转化包括:游离NCO基团与作为增链剂的含羟基单体或聚合物如聚酯、聚硫醚、聚醚、聚己内酰胺、聚环氧化物、聚酯酰胺、聚氨酯或低分子量二、三和/或四元醇以及任选地还有作为链终止剂的一元胺和/或一元醇的反应,已经经常被描述(EP
669 353、EP 669 354、DE 30
30 572、EP
639 598或EP 803 524)。优选聚酯和单体二醇。具有异氰酸酯二聚体基团的优选固化剂a)具有小于5重量%的游离NCO含量和3-25重量%、优选6-18重量%(以C2N2O2计,分子量为84)的异氰酸酯二聚体基团含量。除了异氰酸酯二聚体基团外,固化剂还具有异氰脲酸酯、缩二脲、脲基甲酸酯、氨基甲酸酯和/或脲结构。固化剂a)在低于40℃为固体形式,在高于125℃为液体形式。
在本发明的一种优选实施方案中,存在具有对NCO基团呈反应性的官能团的聚合物b)。
聚合物b)(粘合剂)的合适官能团有能与游离异氰酸酯基团反应而发生加成并因此使聚氨酯组合物交联和固化的羟基、氨基和硫醇基。粘合剂组分必须具有固体树脂特性(玻璃化温度大于室温)。合适的粘合剂有具有官能团的聚酯、聚醚、聚丙烯酸酯、聚碳酸酯和聚氨酯。选择聚合物b)的数量使得对于组分b)的每个官能团,分配到组分a)的0.3-1.0、优选0.6-0.9个异氰酸酯二聚体基团。
在尤其优选的含羟基聚合物b)的情况下,优选使用OH值为20 - 500 mg KOH/g、优选20 -
200 mg KOH/g和平均摩尔质量为250 - 6000 g/mol且在低于40℃以固体形式存在和在高于125℃以液体形式存在的的聚酯、聚醚、聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯和/或聚碳酸酯。这种粘合剂例如已被描述在EP
669 354和EP 254 152中。尤其优选OH值为20 - 150和平均分子量为500 - 6000 g/mol的聚酯或聚丙烯酸酯。当然,还可使用这类聚合物的混合物。选择含羟基聚合物b)的数量使得对于组分b)的每个羟基,分配到组分a)的0.3-1.0个、优选0.6-0.9个异氰酸酯二聚体基团。
作为c)的催化剂,使用具有卤素、氢氧根、烷氧离子或者有机或无机酸阴离子作为反离子的季铵盐、优选四烷基铵盐和/或季盐。这些物质的例子有:四甲基甲酸铵、四甲基乙酸铵、四甲基丙酸铵、四甲基丁酸铵、四甲基苯甲酸铵、四乙基甲酸铵、四乙基乙酸铵、四乙基丙酸铵、四乙基丁酸铵、四乙基苯甲酸铵、四丙基甲酸铵、四丙基乙酸铵、四丙基丙酸铵、四丙基丁酸铵、四丙基苯甲酸铵、四丁基甲酸铵、四丁基乙酸铵、四丁基丙酸铵、四丁基丁酸铵和四丁基苯甲酸铵,和四丁基乙酸、四丁基甲酸和乙基三苯基乙酸、四丁基苯并三唑、四苯基苯酚和三己基十四烷基癸酸、甲基三丁基氢氧化铵、甲基三乙基氢氧化铵、四甲基氢氧化铵、四乙基氢氧化铵、四丙基氢氧化铵、四丁基氢氧化铵、四戊基氢氧化铵、四己基氢氧化铵、四辛基氢氧化铵、四癸基氢氧化铵、十四烷基三己基氢氧化铵、四(十八烷基)氢氧化铵、苄基三甲基氢氧化铵、苄基三乙基氢氧化铵、三甲基苯基氢氧化铵、三乙基甲基氢氧化铵、三甲基乙烯基氢氧化铵、甲基三丁基甲醇铵、甲基三乙基甲醇铵、四甲基甲醇铵、四乙基甲醇铵、四丙基甲醇铵、四丁基甲醇铵、四戊基甲醇铵、四己基甲醇铵、四辛基甲醇铵、四癸基甲醇铵、十四烷基三己基甲醇铵、四(十八烷基)甲醇铵、苄基三甲基甲醇铵、苄基三乙基甲醇铵、三甲基苯基甲醇铵、三乙基甲基甲醇铵、三甲基乙烯基甲醇铵、甲基三丁基乙醇铵、甲基三乙基乙醇铵、四甲基乙醇铵、四乙基乙醇铵、四丙基乙醇铵、四丁基乙醇铵、四戊基乙醇铵、四己基乙醇铵、四辛基甲醇铵、四癸基乙醇铵、十四烷基三己基乙醇铵、四(十八烷基)乙醇铵、苄基三甲基乙醇铵、苄基三乙基乙醇铵、三甲基苯基乙醇铵、三乙基甲基乙醇铵、三甲基乙烯基乙醇铵、甲基三丁基苄化铵、甲基三乙基苄化铵、四甲基苄化铵、四乙基苄化铵、四丙基苄化铵、四丁基苄化铵、四戊基苄化铵、四己基苄化铵、四辛基苄化铵、四癸基苄化铵、十四烷基三己基苄化铵、四(十八烷基)苄化铵、苄基三甲基苄化铵、苄基三乙基苄化铵、三甲基苯基苄化铵、三乙基甲基苄化铵、三甲基乙烯基苄化铵、四甲基氟化铵、四乙基氟化铵、四丁基氟化铵、四辛基氟化铵、苄基三甲基氟化铵、四丁基氢氧化、四丁基氟化、四丁基氯化铵、四丁基溴化铵、四丁基碘化铵、四乙基氯化铵、四乙基溴化铵、四乙基碘化铵、四甲基氯化铵、四甲基溴化铵、四甲基碘化铵、苄基三甲基氯化铵、苄基三乙基氯化铵、苄基三丙基氯化铵、苄基三丁基氯化铵、甲基三丁基氯化铵、甲基三丙基氯化铵、甲基三乙基氯化铵、甲基三苯基氯化铵、苯基三甲基氯化铵、苄基三甲基溴化铵、苄基三乙基溴化铵、苄基三丙基溴化铵、苄基三丁基溴化铵、甲基三丁基溴化铵、甲基三丙基溴化铵、甲基三乙基溴化铵、甲基三苯基溴化铵、苯基三甲基溴化铵、苄基三甲基碘化铵、苄基三乙基碘化铵、苄基三丙基碘化铵、苄基三丁基碘化铵、甲基三丁基碘化铵、甲基三丙基碘化铵、甲基三乙基碘化铵、甲基三苯基碘化铵和苯基三甲基碘化铵、甲基三丁基氢氧化铵、甲基三乙基氢氧化铵、四甲基氢氧化铵、四乙基氢氧化铵、四丙基氢氧化铵、四丁基氢氧化铵、四戊基氢氧化铵、四己基氢氧化铵、四辛基氢氧化铵、四癸基氢氧化铵、十四烷基三己基氢氧化铵、四(十八烷基)氢氧化铵、苄基三甲基氢氧化铵、苄基三乙基氢氧化铵、三甲基苯基氢氧化铵、三乙基甲基氢氧化铵、三甲基乙烯基氢氧化铵、四甲基氟化铵、四乙基氟化铵、四丁基氟化铵、四辛基氟化铵和苄基三甲基氟化铵。这些催化剂可单独或以混合物形式加入。优选使用四乙基苯甲酸铵和四丁基氢氧化铵。
基于基质材料的整个配制剂,催化剂c)的含量可为0.1-5重量%,优选0.3-2重量%。
根据本发明的变体还包括结合这类催化剂c)到聚合物b)的官能团上。另外,这些催化剂可被惰性壳包围并因此被包封。
作为助催化剂d1),使用环氧化物。此处可考虑的有例如缩水甘油醚和缩水甘油酯、脂族环氧化物、基于双酚A的二环氧甘油醚和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。这类环氧化物的例子有异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯(TGIC,商标ARALDIT 810,Huntsman)、对苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯和偏苯三甲酸三缩水甘油酯(商标ARALDIT PT 910和912,Huntsman)的混合物、叔碳酸的缩水甘油酯(商标KARDURA E10,Shell)、3’,4’-环氧环己烷羧酸-3,4-环氧环己基甲酯(ECC)、基于双酚A的二环氧甘油醚(商标EPIKOTE 828,Shell)、乙基己基缩水甘油醚、丁基缩水甘油醚、季戊四醇四缩水甘油醚(商标POLYPOX
R 16,UPPC AG)和具有游离环氧基团的其它POLYPOX类型。还可使用混合物。优选使用ARALDIT PT 910和912。
作为助催化剂d2),可考虑金属乙酰丙酮化物。其例子有乙酰丙酮化锌、乙酰丙酮化锂和乙酰丙酮化锡,单独地或以混合物的形式。优选使用乙酰丙酮化锌。
这类催化剂的例子有四甲基乙酰丙酮化铵、四乙基乙酰丙酮化铵、四丙基乙酰丙酮化铵、四丁基乙酰丙酮化铵、苄基三甲基乙酰丙酮化铵、苄基三乙基乙酰丙酮化铵、四甲基乙酰丙酮化、四乙基乙酰丙酮化、四丙基乙酰丙酮化、四丁基乙酰丙酮化、苄基三甲基乙酰丙酮化和苄基三乙基乙酰丙酮化。尤其优选使用四乙基乙酰丙酮化铵和四丁基乙酰丙酮化铵。当然还可以使用这类催化剂的混合物。
基于基质材料的总配制剂,助催化剂d1)和/或d2)的含量可为0.1-5重量%,优选0.3-2重量%。
包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物可任选地包含另外的有机金属催化剂,如二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸锡、新癸酸铋或还有叔胺如1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]-辛烷,数量为0.001-1重量%。
为了生产包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物,可加入总量为0.05-5重量%的聚氨酯化学中常用的添加剂e),例子有流平剂(Verlaufsmittel)例如聚硅酮或丙烯酸酯,光保护剂例如空间位阻胺,或其它助剂如EP669353中所描述的。可加入数量不超过全部组合物50重量%的填料和颜料如二氧化钛。
包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的常规聚氨酯组合物在常规条件(DBTL催化)下从160℃起或通常180℃才固化(Pieter Gillis de
Lange, Powder Coatings and Technology, Vincentz Verlag, 2004, 第3.3.2.2章 第119页)。
借助根据本发明使用的高反应性和因此低温固化的聚氨酯组合物,在100-160℃固化温度下,不仅可节省能量和固化时间,而且还可使用许多温度敏感型载体。
在本发明中,高反应性是指根据本发明使用的包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的聚氨酯组合物在100-160℃的温度固化,和具体取决于载体的特性。固化温度优选120-150℃,尤其优选130-140℃。根据本发明使用的聚氨酯组合物的固化时间在5-60分钟内。
根据本发明使用的包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的高反应性聚氨酯组合物提供非常好的流动性和由此得到的良好浸渍表现,在固化状态时提供优异的耐化学品性。另外,利用脂族交联剂(例如IPDI或H12MDI),还获得良好的耐候性。
根据本发明用作基质材料的包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物在室温下为固体、粉状和非粘附性的。它们主要由固化剂a)、根据本发明的催化剂和任选但优选的聚合物b)(树脂)的混合物组成。这种混合物具有至少40℃的Tg和通常只在高于100℃反应得到交联的聚氨酯并因此形成复合材料的基质。这意味着根据本发明的预浸料在其生产后由载体和施加的作为基质材料的高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物组成,聚氨酯组合物以未交联但有反应性的形式存在。预浸料因此是储存稳定的,通常是几天,甚至是数周,并因此可在任意时候被进一步加工成复合材料。这是与上面已经描述的2-组分体系的本质区别,上面描述的2-组分具有反应性并且储存不稳定,因为在施加后这些体系立即反应并交联得到聚氨酯。
可在合适的装置中实施用于生产聚氨酯组合物的所有组分的均化以生产预浸料,装置如可加热搅拌釜、捏和机或甚至挤出机,过程中在短的停留时间内应不超过120-130℃的温度上限。优选在单独组分熔程以上的温度但低于交联反应开始的温度在挤出机中实施各组分的混合。形成的固化物料被研磨并可例如通过筛分分成不同的级分(例如粒径<
63 µm、63-100 µm、>
100 µm)。
本发明的主题还在于根据本发明的高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物B)用于生产预浸料,尤其是具有玻璃、碳或芳族聚酰胺纤维的纤维状载体(纤维增强物)的预浸料的用途,和由其生产的复合材料。
预浸料原则上可通过任何所需的工艺来生产,优选通过粉末浸渍。在本文中合适的方法中,通过撒粉工艺将高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物施加到载体上。其它可能的方法有流化床熔结工艺(Wirbelsinterverfahren)、拉挤和喷涂工艺。
在粉末浸渍的情况下,基质材料-通常是热塑性塑料-以粉末状聚合物存在。为了能够使得热塑性基质体系的高粘性熔体润湿和包裹纤维的流动路径仅为尽可能短,现有技术中常用的方法是在流化床工艺中在空气流中分散热塑性粉末并使用空气流散开长丝纱线(Filamentgam)。各粉末颗粒因此可到达各纤维。可通过粉末的静电带电额外地改善粉末的粘附。在通过流化床后,使具有轻微附着粉末的长丝纱线通过加热段,在其中发生基质聚合物粉末的初步熔化。然后在复合材料部件的生产中必须进行凝固步骤以完成纤丝的润湿。
在根据本发明的高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物的根据本发明使用的情况下,用于流路缩短的这类工艺不是必需的,因为预聚物熔体(未交联粉末涂层熔体)具有适合允许纤维润湿的低粘度,这代表着根据本发明的预浸料与现有技术相比的相当大优势。
优选利用撒粉工艺将粉末(全部或一部分)施加到纤维状载体上,例如由玻璃纱布/布料、碳纱布/布料或芳族聚酰胺纱布/布料制成的网幅上,然后固定。为了避免粉末损失,优选在加热段(例如使用IR辐照器)在撒粉过程后直接加热加载有粉末的纤维状载体,从而进行颗粒的初始熔结,但此时不应超过80-100℃的温度,以便抑制反应性基质材料的初始反应。如果需要,这些预浸料可被组合和切割得到各种样式。
本发明提供一种通过如下方式生产预浸料的方法:施加组分B)到组分A)上,优选通过撒粉工艺施加,并任选地固定B),优选通过热作用,尤其优选通过初始熔结。
为了使预浸料层凝固得到单一的复合材料(部件),并且为了使根据本发明的基质材料交联得到基质,将预浸料切割,且任选地通过缝合或其它手段固定,并在压力下和任选地施加真空时在合适的模具中挤压。在本发明范围内,这种由根据本发明的预浸料生产复合材料的过程发生在超过约100℃至160℃的温度下,并随固化时间变化。
本发明的另一个主题是预浸料的用途,预浸料主要由A)和B)组成:
A)至少一种纤维状载体,
和
B)作为基质材料的至少一种包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物,其主要包含:
a)至少一种包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的固化剂,和
b)任选地,至少一种具有对NCO基团呈反应性的官能团的聚合物;
和
d)0.1-5重量%的选自d1)和/或d2)的至少一种助催化剂
d1)至少一种环氧化物
e)任选地,聚氨酯化学中已知的助剂和添加剂
用于生产在船舶制造中、在航空航天技术中、在汽车制造中、用于双轮运输工具、优选摩托车和自行车,在汽车、建筑、医学技术、运动、电气和电子工业和发电厂领域中的复合材料,例如用于生产风电厂中的转子叶片。
本发明的另一个主题是由根据本发明的预浸料生产的复合材料部件,主要由以下组成:
A)至少一种纤维状载体,和
B)根据本发明组成的至少一种交联的包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的聚氨酯组合物作为基质。
本发明的另一个主题是生产复合材料部件的方法,其中预浸料由A)和B)组成:
A)至少一种纤维状载体,
和
B)作为基质材料的至少一种包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物,其主要包含:
a)至少一种包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的固化剂,和
b)任选地,至少一种具有对NCO基团呈反应性的官能团的聚合物;
和
d)0.1-5重量%的选自d1)和/或d2)的至少一种助催化剂
d1)至少一种环氧化物
e)任选地,聚氨酯化学中已知的助剂和添加剂。
预浸料在超过100℃直到160℃的温度,任选地利用压力和/或真空,进行生产。
下面,通过实施例说明本发明。
实施例
图1,所用实验室撒粉设备(Villars Minicoater 200)的示意图
所用的玻璃纤维纱布/布料:
在实施例中使用下面的玻璃纤维纱布/布料,并在下文中称为类型I和类型II。
类型I为“Schlösser
& Cramer”的平纹亚麻布(Leinwand)E玻璃布料281 L Art. No. 3103。布料具有280
g/m²的面重。
类型II GBX 600 Art. No.1023为“Schlösser & Cramer”的缝制双轴向E玻璃纱布(-45/+45)。这应被理解为是指一个位于另一个之上并且彼此以90度角度错开的两个纤维束层。这种结构通过其它的纤维保持在一起,但其它的纤维不由玻璃构成。玻璃纤维的表面用标准浆整理,该标准浆用氨基硅烷改性。纱布具有600
g/m²的面重。
DSC测量
利用Mettler
Toledo DSC 821e按照DIN 53765进行DSC试验(玻璃化转变温度测定和反应焓测量)。
高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物
具有以下配方的高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物用于预浸料和复合材料的生产。
在预混合器中紧密混合表中的经粉碎成分,然后在挤出机中在不超过最大130℃均化。冷却后,挤出物经破碎并用针盘磨研磨。所用过筛级分的平均粒径为63-100μm。
物理特性
NT 粉末 | |
Tg [°C] | 约45 |
熔程[°C] | 约 84 |
固化温度[°C] | 120 -140 |
固化聚氨酯基质的断裂伸长率[%] | 9 |
固化聚氨酯基质的弹性模量[MPa] | 约 610 |
通过交联的体积收缩率 | < 0.2% |
未交联熔体的粘度最小值 | 111°C/330 Pa·s |
通过在各种初步实验中选择合适的熔结条件表明,以下设定很适合在微型涂覆机上生产预浸料:
使用约1.2m/min的网幅速度,将约150g/粉末施加到1平方米玻璃纤维纱布上。这对应于约500μm的层厚度,标准偏差为约45μm。
在560W的IR辐照器功率,可在75-82℃的温度通过如下方式生产预浸料:进行高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物的初始熔结,这里,粉末是以粉末结构仍保持可辨别的形式仅发生初始熔结还是全部熔体是否都在玻璃纤维纱布上产生并不重要,只要保持粉状聚氨酯组合物的反应性即可。
预浸料的储存稳定性
利用DSC研究由交联反应的反应焓测定预浸料的储存稳定性。结果显示在图2和图3中。
PU预浸料的交联能力未因在室温下储存至少7周时间而受损。
复合材料部件生产
通过本领域技术人员已知的压缩技术在复合材料压机上生产复合材料部件。在台式压机上将在撒粉装置上生产的均匀预浸料压缩成复合材料。这种台式压机为Schwabenthan公司的Polystat 200 T,利用它在130-140℃将预浸料压缩成相应的复合材料板。压力在常压至450bar变化。动态压缩即压力的交替施加证明对于纤维的润湿是有利的,具体取决于部件尺寸、厚度和聚氨酯组成和相应在加工温度下的粘度设定。
在一个例子中,压机的温度保持在135℃,压力在3分钟的熔化阶段后增加到440bar,保持这种水平直到在30分钟后从压机中取出复合材料部件。
测试得到的硬质、刚性,耐化学品和耐冲击的复合材料部件(板产品)的固化程度(通过DCS测定),复合材料部件的纤维体积含量> 50 %。固化基质的玻璃化转变温度的测定表明不同固化温度下交联的进程。对于所用的聚氨酯组合物,交联在大约25分钟后完成,然后也不能再检测到交联反应的反应焓。结果显示在图4中。
在完全相同的条件下生产两种复合材料,然后测定和比较它们的特性。这种良好的特性可再现性也可在层间剪切强度(ILSF)的测定中得到证实。本文中得到44N/mm² 的平均ILSF,纤维体积含量分别为54%或57%。
Claims (32)
1.预浸料,主要由A)和B)组成:
A)至少一种纤维状载体,
和
B)作为基质材料的至少一种包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物,其主要包含:
a)至少一种包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的固化剂,和
b)任选地,至少一种具有对NCO基团呈反应性的官能团的聚合物;
和
d)0.1-5重量%的选自d1)和/或d2)的至少一种助催化剂
d1)至少一种环氧化物
e)任选地,由聚氨酯化学中已知的助剂和添加剂。
2.根据权利要求1的预浸料,其中所述基质材料具有至少40℃的Tg。
3.根据权利要求1的预浸料,特征在于,包含玻璃、碳、塑料、天然纤维或矿物纤维材料或陶瓷纤维的纤维状材料。
4.根据权利要求1的预浸料,特征在于,作为纤维状载体包含无纺布的平面织物体、编织物品、针织物,作为长纤维和短纤维材料。
5.根据权利要求1的预浸料,特征在于,包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的粉状高反应性聚氨酯组合物主要包含由具有对NCO基团呈反应性的官能团的聚合物b)和作为固化剂a)的包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的二或多异氰酸酯组成的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1的预浸料,特征在于,使用二或多异氰酸酯,其选自异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷、2-甲基戊烷二异氰酸酯、2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯/2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和/或降冰片烷二异氰酸酯,其中还能使用异氰脲酸酯。
7.根据权利要求1的预浸料,主要由A)和B)组成:
A)至少一种纤维状载体,
和
B)作为基质材料的至少一种包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物,其主要包含:
a)至少一种包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的固化剂,基于来自包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的脂族、脂(环)族或脂环族多异氰酸酯和含羟基化合物的加聚化合物,其中该固化剂在低于40℃以固体形式存在,和在高于125℃以液体形式存在,并具有小于5重量%的游离NCO含量和3-25重量%的异氰酸酯二聚体含量,
b)至少一种含羟基聚合物,其在低于40℃以固体形式存在,和在高于125℃以液体形式存在,并具有20至200 mg KOH/g的OH值,
和
d)0.1-5重量%的选自d1)和/或d2)的至少一种助催化剂
d1)至少一种环氧化物
d2)至少一种金属乙酰丙酮化物和/或季铵乙酰丙酮化物和/或季乙酰丙酮化物;
e)任选地,由聚氨酯化学中已知的助剂和添加剂,
使得两种组分a)和b)以这样的比例存在:组分b)的每个羟基分配到组分a)的0.3-1个异氰酸酯二聚体基团。
8.根据权利要求1的预浸料,特征在于,作为组分c),包含四甲基甲酸铵、四甲基乙酸铵、四甲基丙酸铵、四甲基丁酸铵、四甲基苯甲酸铵、四乙基甲酸铵、四乙基乙酸铵、四乙基丙酸铵、四乙基丁酸铵、四乙基苯甲酸铵、四丙基甲酸铵、四丙基乙酸铵、四丙基丙酸铵、四丙基丁酸铵、四丙基苯甲酸铵、四丁基甲酸铵、四丁基乙酸铵、四丁基丙酸铵、四丁基丁酸铵和四丁基苯甲酸铵,和四丁基乙酸、四丁基甲酸和乙基三苯基乙酸、四丁基苯并三唑、四苯基苯酚和三己基十四烷基癸酸、甲基三丁基氢氧化铵、甲基三乙基氢氧化铵、四甲基氢氧化铵、四乙基氢氧化铵、四丙基氢氧化铵、四丁基氢氧化铵、四戊基氢氧化铵、四己基氢氧化铵、四辛基氢氧化铵、四癸基氢氧化铵、十四烷基三己基氢氧化铵、四(十八烷基)氢氧化铵、苄基三甲基氢氧化铵、苄基三乙基氢氧化铵、三甲基苯基氢氧化铵、三乙基甲基氢氧化铵、三甲基乙烯基氢氧化铵、甲基三丁基甲醇铵、甲基三乙基甲醇铵、四甲基甲醇铵、四乙基甲醇铵、四丙基甲醇铵、四丁基甲醇铵、四戊基甲醇铵、四己基甲醇铵、四辛基甲醇铵、四癸基甲醇铵、十四烷基三己基甲醇铵、四(十八烷基)甲醇铵、苄基三甲基甲醇铵、苄基三乙基甲醇铵、三甲基苯基甲醇铵、三乙基甲基甲醇铵、三甲基乙烯基甲醇铵、甲基三丁基乙醇铵、甲基三乙基乙醇铵、四甲基乙醇铵、四乙基乙醇铵、四丙基乙醇铵、四丁基乙醇铵、四戊基乙醇铵、四己基乙醇铵、四辛基甲醇铵、四癸基乙醇铵、十四烷基三己基乙醇铵、四(十八烷基)乙醇铵、苄基三甲基乙醇铵、苄基三乙基乙醇铵、三甲基苯基乙醇铵、三乙基甲基乙醇铵、三甲基乙烯基乙醇铵、甲基三丁基苄化铵、甲基三乙基苄化铵、四甲基苄化铵、四乙基苄化铵、四丙基苄化铵、四丁基苄化铵、四戊基苄化铵、四己基苄化铵、四辛基苄化铵、四癸基苄化铵、十四烷基三己基苄化铵、四(十八烷基)苄化铵、苄基三甲基苄化铵、苄基三乙基苄化铵、三甲基苯基苄化铵、三乙基甲基苄化铵、三甲基乙烯基苄化铵、四甲基氟化铵、四乙基氟化铵、四丁基氟化铵、四辛基氟化铵、苄基三甲基氟化铵、四丁基氢氧化、四丁基氟化、四丁基氯化铵、四丁基溴化铵、四丁基碘化铵、四乙基氯化铵、四乙基溴化铵、四乙基碘化铵、四甲基氯化铵、四甲基溴化铵、四甲基碘化铵、苄基三甲基氯化铵、苄基三乙基氯化铵、苄基三丙基氯化铵、苄基三丁基氯化铵、甲基三丁基氯化铵、甲基三丙基氯化铵、甲基三乙基氯化铵、甲基三苯基氯化铵、苯基三甲基氯化铵、苄基三甲基溴化铵、苄基三乙基溴化铵、苄基三丙基溴化铵、苄基三丁基溴化铵、甲基三丁基溴化铵、甲基三丙基溴化铵、甲基三乙基溴化铵、甲基三苯基溴化铵、苯基三甲基溴化铵、苄基三甲基碘化铵、苄基三乙基碘化铵、苄基三丙基碘化铵、苄基三丁基碘化铵、甲基三丁基碘化铵、甲基三丙基碘化铵、甲基三乙基碘化铵、甲基三苯基碘化铵和苯基三甲基碘化铵、甲基三丁基氢氧化铵、甲基三乙基氢氧化铵、四甲基氢氧化铵、四乙基氢氧化铵、四丙基氢氧化铵、四丁基氢氧化铵、四戊基氢氧化铵、四己基氢氧化铵、四辛基氢氧化铵、四癸基氢氧化铵、十四烷基三己基氢氧化铵、四(十八烷基)氢氧化铵、苄基三甲基氢氧化铵、苄基三乙基氢氧化铵、三甲基苯基氢氧化铵、三乙基甲基氢氧化铵、三甲基乙烯基氢氧化铵、四甲基氟化铵、四乙基氟化铵、四丁基氟化铵、四辛基氟化铵和苄基三甲基氟化铵,单独地或以混合物的形式。
9.根据权利要求8的预浸料,特征在于,作为组分c),包含四乙基苯甲酸铵和/或四丁基氢氧化铵。
10.根据权利要求1的预浸料,特征在于,作为组分d1),包含缩水甘油醚、缩水甘油酯、脂族环氧化物,单独地或以混合物的形式。
11.根据权利要求10的预浸料,特征在于,作为组分d1),包含异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯,对苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯和偏苯三甲酸三缩水甘油酯的混合物、叔碳酸的缩水甘油酯、3’,4’-环氧环己烷羧酸-3,4-环氧环己基甲酯、基于双酚A的二环氧甘油醚、乙基己基缩水甘油醚、丁基缩水甘油醚、季戊四醇四缩水甘油醚或具有游离环氧基团的Polypox类型,单独地或以混合物的形式。
12.根据权利要求1的预浸料,特征在于,作为组分d2),包含乙酰丙酮化锌、乙酰丙酮化锂和乙酰丙酮化锡,单独地或以混合物的形式。
14.根据权利要求13的预浸料,特征在于,包含四乙基乙酰丙酮化铵和/或四丁基乙酰丙酮化铵。
15.根据权利要求1的预浸料,特征在于,包含聚酰胺或聚酯、或玄武岩纤维的纤维状材料。
16.根据权利要求4的预浸料,特征在于,作为纤维状载体包含非编织物品。
17.根据权利要求16的预浸料,特征在于,所述非编织物品是布料、纱布或编结物。
18.根据权利要求4的预浸料,特征在于,作为纤维状载体包含针织袜。
19.根据权利要求1的预浸料,特征在于,使用二或多异氰酸酯,其选自异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯/2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷。
20.根据权利要求7的预浸料,特征在于,使得两种组分a)和b)以这样的比例存在:组分b)的每个羟基分配到组分a)的0.6-0.9个异氰酸酯二聚体基团。
21.根据权利要求10的预浸料,特征在于,作为组分d1),包含基于双酚A的二环氧甘油醚、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,单独地或以混合物的形式。
22.生产根据权利要求1的预浸料的方法,通过如下方式进行:将组分B)施加至组分A),并任选地固定B)。
23.权利要求22的方法,特征在于:通过撒粉工艺将组分B)施加至组分A)。
24.权利要求22的方法,其特征在于,固定B)通过热作用进行。
25.权利要求22的方法,其特征在于,固定B)通过初始熔结进行。
26.根据权利要求5的包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物B)用于生产预浸料的用途。
27.根据权利要求26的用途,用于生产具有玻璃、碳或芳族聚酰胺纤维的纤维状载体的预浸料。
28.根据权利要求1的预浸料的用途,该预浸料主要由以下组成:
A)至少一种纤维状载体,
和
B)作为基质材料的至少一种包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物,其主要包含:
a)至少一种包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的固化剂,和
b)任选地,至少一种具有对NCO基团呈反应性的官能团的聚合物;
和
d)0.1-5重量%的选自d1)和/或d2)的至少一种助催化剂
d1)至少一种环氧化物
e)任选地,由聚氨酯化学中已知的助剂和添加剂,
用于生产在船舶制造中、在航空航天技术中、在汽车制造中、用于双轮运输工具,在建筑、医学技术、运动、电气和电子工业和发电厂领域中的复合材料。
29.根据权利要求28的用途,用于生产在摩托车和自行车中的复合材料。
30.根据权利要求28的用途,用于风电厂中的转子叶片。
31.复合材料部件,主要由根据权利要求1-21中任一项的预浸料组成。
32.生产复合材料部件的方法,其中根据权利要求1的预浸料主要由A)和B)组成:
A)至少一种纤维状载体,
和
B)作为基质材料的至少一种包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的高反应性粉状聚氨酯组合物,其主要包含:
a)至少一种包含异氰酸酯二聚体基团的固化剂,和
b)任选地,至少一种具有对NCO基团呈反应性的官能团的聚合物;
和
d)0.1-5重量%的选自d1)和/或d2)的至少一种助催化剂
d1)至少一种环氧化物
e)任选地,聚氨酯化学中已知的助剂和添加剂,
该预浸料在超过100℃直到160℃的温度,任选地利用压力和/或真空,进行生产。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102009001806.9 | 2009-03-24 | ||
DE200910001806 DE102009001806A1 (de) | 2009-03-24 | 2009-03-24 | Prepregs und daraus bei niedriger Temperatur hergestellte Formkörper |
PCT/EP2010/051416 WO2010108723A1 (de) | 2009-03-24 | 2010-02-05 | Prepregs und daraus bei niedriger temperatur hergestellte formkörper |
Publications (2)
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CN102361902A CN102361902A (zh) | 2012-02-22 |
CN102361902B true CN102361902B (zh) | 2013-12-11 |
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CN2010800134330A Expired - Fee Related CN102361902B (zh) | 2009-03-24 | 2010-02-05 | 预浸料和由其在低温下生产的成型体 |
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US (1) | US8455090B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2411439B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5717717B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101891830B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102361902B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2010227779B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI1009838A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2756127C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102009001806A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2613491T3 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2545066C9 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2010108723A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA201107686B (zh) |
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- 2010-02-05 BR BRPI1009838A patent/BRPI1009838A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-02-05 CN CN2010800134330A patent/CN102361902B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-02-05 CA CA2756127A patent/CA2756127C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-02-05 US US13/256,359 patent/US8455090B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-02-05 KR KR1020117022403A patent/KR101891830B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2010-02-05 ES ES10703451.4T patent/ES2613491T3/es active Active
- 2010-02-05 EP EP10703451.4A patent/EP2411439B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-02-05 AU AU2010227779A patent/AU2010227779B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-02-05 JP JP2012501203A patent/JP5717717B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-02-05 RU RU2011142632/04A patent/RU2545066C9/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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RU2545066C2 (ru) | 2015-03-27 |
RU2545066C9 (ru) | 2015-10-10 |
JP2012521452A (ja) | 2012-09-13 |
ZA201107686B (en) | 2012-06-27 |
KR20120000068A (ko) | 2012-01-03 |
US20120003890A1 (en) | 2012-01-05 |
KR101891830B1 (ko) | 2018-08-24 |
EP2411439A1 (de) | 2012-02-01 |
EP2411439B1 (de) | 2016-11-16 |
AU2010227779B2 (en) | 2014-08-14 |
JP5717717B2 (ja) | 2015-05-13 |
ES2613491T3 (es) | 2017-05-24 |
WO2010108723A1 (de) | 2010-09-30 |
CN102361902A (zh) | 2012-02-22 |
CA2756127C (en) | 2016-02-02 |
RU2011142632A (ru) | 2013-04-27 |
BRPI1009838A2 (pt) | 2016-03-15 |
US8455090B2 (en) | 2013-06-04 |
AU2010227779A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
CA2756127A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
DE102009001806A1 (de) | 2010-09-30 |
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