JP2013082743A - 能動的塞栓形成のための微小球 - Google Patents
能動的塞栓形成のための微小球 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013082743A JP2013082743A JP2013006883A JP2013006883A JP2013082743A JP 2013082743 A JP2013082743 A JP 2013082743A JP 2013006883 A JP2013006883 A JP 2013006883A JP 2013006883 A JP2013006883 A JP 2013006883A JP 2013082743 A JP2013082743 A JP 2013082743A
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Abstract
【解決手段】(a)ビニルアルコールポリマー、ポリ(乳酸)、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリ(無水物)、多糖類、シリコーン、またはそれらの混合物を含む、生物適合性および疎水性ポリマー、および(b)抗新生物剤を含む、能動的塞栓形成に適した実質的に球形の微小球。更に本注射可能組成物を使用する、特に新脈管形成および非新脈管形成依存型疾患の治療のための塞栓形成遺伝子療法。
【選択図】なし
Description
1.発明の分野
本発明は、癌および他の様々な血管形成依存性疾患を含む疾患を治療するための組成物および方法に関し、特に、担体としての微小球と組み合わせた生物活性治療因子を含む組成物(該微小球は該因子で被覆されるか、または該因子を含む)、およびこのような組成物を能動的塞栓形成治療のために使用する方法に関する。
2.1.血管形成依存性疾患
血管形成依存性疾患(すなわち、血管成長を必要とするかまたは誘導する疾患)は、医療的治療法が求められている全疾患の有意な割合を占める。例えば、癌は、依然として米国において二番目の主要な死亡原因であり、合計死亡率の5分の1以上の原因である。簡単にいうと、癌は、最も典型的には1つまたは複数の腫瘍を形成する、細胞集合の制御されない部分を特徴とする。このような腫瘍はまた、血液循環により、継続した腫瘍成長を可能にする様々な要因を提供する脈管構造の内部成長(ingrowth)を特徴とする。昔に比べて癌は全般的に診断し易くなったが、多くの形態はたとえ初期に検出されたとしても未だに不治である。
上記問題は、米国において年間約186,000人の女性を冒す疾患であり、死亡率が50年間変わらないままである乳癌について特に顕著である。根治的乳房切除、非定型的乳房切除、または腫瘍摘除による疾患の手術的切除は、未だにこの疾患の治療の要である。残念ながら、腫瘍摘除のみで治療された患者の39%が疾患を再発し、驚くべきことに、切除周縁において腫瘍がないと組織学的に見とめられた者の25%も同様である。これらの局所再発の90%もが前回の切除部位の2cm以内で生じる。
1999年には、原発性肝癌により百二十万人を超える人々が死亡し、その大部分がアジアであった。原発性肝癌とは、初期癌性細胞が、身体の他の癌部位から肝臓まで移動してきたものではなく、肝臓で形成された肝癌を指す。肝臓の炎症を生じるウイルス性疾患である特定の型の肝炎(C型肝炎を含む)を患う患者は、原発性肝癌の恐れが極めて高いことが知られている。現在4百万人を超える人々がC型肝炎陽性であることが予測されているため、原発性肝癌の発生数は米国において劇的に増加するものと予想される。
非癌性腫瘍の関連する例として、平滑筋腫としても知られる子宮筋腫が挙げられる。これらは、特定の種類の筋繊維および繊維性結合組織からなる非癌性腫瘍である。子宮筋腫の原因は未知である。子宮筋腫を患う患者のほとんどは、初めは症状がなく、異常出血、頻尿、痛み、膨潤、および受胎能の問題に患者が直面するまでは治療されないままである。米国では約25百万人の女性が子宮筋腫を患っており、このうち毎年約5.5百万人の女性が治療を求めるのに足りる症状を現している。これまで、子宮筋腫を患っている女性には実行可能な治療オプションがほとんどなかった(子宮摘出、筋腫摘出、ならびに医療管理および「経過観察」が挙げられる)。子宮筋腫を治療するのに現在利用可能な治療法は、以下の重大な欠点を有している:すなわち、出産適齢期の女性の一時的または永久的な受精能の欠損、長期にわたる回復期間、早期閉経をもたらし得る有害な精神的影響、高い費用(投薬、外科処置、頻繁なおよび長期の入院期間の費用が挙げられる)、侵襲性外科処置およびホルモン療法による不快感および副作用、ならびに/または筋腫の再発の恐れである。
成果は限定されているが、腫瘍を治療するために試みられてきた方法の1つとして受動的塞栓形成がある。簡単にいうと、腫瘍に栄養を供給する血管を、血管に塞栓材料を注射することにより意図的に遮断する。この点で、自己由来物質(脂肪、血餅、および剪断された筋肉の小片)、ならびに人工的材料(羊毛、綿、スチールボール、プラスチックまたはガラスビーズ、タンタル粉末、シリコン化合物、放射性粒子、滅菌吸収性ゼラチンスポンジ(Sterispon、Gelfoam)、酸化セルロース(Oxycel)、スチールコイル、アルコール、凍結乾燥ヒト硬膜(Lyodura)、微小繊維コラーゲン(Avitene)、コラーゲン原繊維(Tachotop)、ポリビニルアルコールスポンジ(PVA;Ivalon)、バリウム含浸シリコン球(Biss)、および着脱可能バルーン)を含む様々な材料が試みられてきた。腫瘍転移の大きさは、このような方法を利用して一時的に小さくし得るが、一般的に腫瘍は、腫瘍へ向けて新しい血管を成長させる応答を示す。
腫瘍付近への細胞障害性薬剤の投与は、正常組織送達に対する腫瘍組織送達の比率を高くする。このような局所投与は、薬剤を、血液供給を介して腫瘍に、または特定の腫瘍が局在する体腔に直接送達することにより達成できる。局所的薬剤灌流は、標的組織に対するピーク薬剤濃度を高めるいう利点があるが、灌流される器官を通る血液の初回通過時のみに曝露が限定される。初回通過により摂取されなかった薬剤部分は、全身に循環し、その後正常組織に摂取される。
血管奇形の場合、正常組織への血流を正常化し、手術を助け、出血の危険性を制限する。出血性突起において、脈管閉塞は流れを少なくし、これにより動脈開口部(arterial opening)の瘢痕化を促進する。
一実施形態では、本発明は、薬剤、ワクチン、ポリヌクレオチド、および診断剤または造影剤(imaging agent)を、これらの作用物質用の担体として様々な種類のポリマー材料を用いて、哺乳動物に送達するための組成物および方法を提供する。好適な実施形態では、本発明は、上記作用物質の送達のための微粒子、特に微小球を提供する。最も好適な実施形態では、本発明は、トランスフェクション薬剤を利用してポリヌクレオチドを送達するための微粒子を提供する。
定義:
本明細書で使用する「実質的に球形」とは、最も低い外部表面積を表す体積として画定される完全な球形に近い形状を全般的に意味する。具体的には、本発明でいう「実質的に球形」とは、粒子の任意の断面を見た際に、平均長手直径および平均短手直径の差が20%未満であることを意味する。本発明の微小球の表面は、1000倍におよぶ拡大で滑らかに見える。本発明の微小球は、粒子に加えて、本明細書に記載および定義する他の物質を含んでいてもよい。
最も一般的には、治療的塞栓形成は、塞栓物質が置かれる場所で活性分子が担持および/または送達されない点で、「受動的」な処置である。
4.1.1 微粒子
本発明のポリヌクレオチドまたは他の遺伝子材料を送達するために、ポリヌクレオチドまたは他の遺伝子材料、およびトランスフェクション薬剤と会合できかつ活性部位を標的化できる任意のポリマー材料を使用してもよい。好適な実施形態では、この材料は、ポリヌクレオチドまたは他の遺伝子材料を担持して、塞栓する。本発明では、微粒子、最も好ましくは微小球を使用することが好ましい。
本発明の薬剤送達の態様のために好ましいポリマー材料は微小球である。薬剤送達の実施形態では、トランスフェクション剤の使用は任意である。
特に、細胞接着プロモーターは、コラーゲン、ゼラチン、グルコサミノグリカン、フィブロネクチン、レクチン、ポリカチオン(ポリリシン、キトサンなど)、または他の天然もしくは合成の生物学的細胞接着剤から選択できる。
種々の溶解成分(例えば、種々のモノマー、細胞接着剤)を含む水溶液を、水に混和しない液体有機相と共に、任意に乳化剤の存在下で攪拌混合する。攪拌速度を調節して、有機相中に水相エマルジョンを得て、所望の直径を有する小滴を形成する。次いで、開始剤の添加により重合を開始する。これは、発熱反応を伴い、その進展は反応媒体の温度を測定することにより追跡できる。
本発明の生物活性治療因子は、以下のうちの少なくとも1つを含む:すなわち、抗新生物剤、抗新脈管形成剤、ホルモン、ステロイド、ビタミン、ペプチド、ペプチド類似体、抗体もしくはそれらのフラグメント、抗有糸分裂因子、ワクチン、酵素、抗アレルゲン性剤、循環剤、抗結核剤、抗ウイルス剤、抗狭心症剤、抗細菌剤、抗真菌剤、抗炎症剤、抗原生動物剤、抗リウマチ剤、麻酔薬、強心配糖体剤、鎮静薬、局所麻酔薬、抗ヒスタミン剤、放射線感受性剤、全身麻酔薬、またはそれらの組合せである。
ポリヌクレオチドを利用した塞栓療法遺伝子療法においては、ポリヌクレオチドは本発明の任意の生物活性治療因子をコードし得る。この場合該ポリヌクレオチドは本発明のトランスフェクション剤に会合している。本発明の生物活性治療因子をコードする遺伝物質としては、例えば、核酸、ポリヌクレオチド、天然起源または合成起源のRNAおよびDNA(組換えRNAおよびDNA、ならびにアンチセンスRNAおよびDNAを含む);ハンマーヘッドRNA、リボザイム、アンチジーン核酸、一本鎖および二本鎖の両方のRNAおよびDNA、ならびにその類似体(ホスホロチオエートおよびホスホロジチオエートオリゴデオキシヌクレオチドのようなもの)が挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。使用できる遺伝物質の種類としては、例えば、プラスミド、ファージミド、コスミド、酵母人工染色体(YAC)、欠陥ウイルスまたは「ヘルパー」ウイルスなどの発現ベクターに担持された遺伝子、ならびに遺伝物質を担持するウイルス様粒子が挙げられる。このようなポリヌクレオチドは、例えば組織特異的エンハンサー、核局所化シグナルなど(これらに限定されない)の他のエレメントと組み合わせて使用することもできる。
本発明の薬剤を利用した塞栓療法態様では、生物活性治療因子は、本発明の微小球と会合した以下の薬剤を1つ以上含む。
核酸、ポリヌクレオチド、天然起源または合成起源のRNAおよびDNA(組換えRNAおよびDNA、ならびにアンチセンスRNAおよびDNAを含む);ハンマーヘッドRNA、リボザイム、アンチジーン核酸、一本鎖および二本鎖のRNAおよびDNA、ならびにそれらの類似体を含む遺伝物質を、例えば組織特異的エンハンサーおよび核局在化シグナルなどの(これらに限定されない)他のエレメントと組み合わせてまたはそれらと組み合わせずに、従来の形質転換技術またはトランスフェクション技術を介して真核生物細胞に導入できる。本明細書で使用する「形質転換」および「トランスフェクション」という用語は、外来核酸を宿主細胞に導入するための様々な当該技術分野で認められている技術を指すことを意図し、例えば、リン酸カルシウムもしくは塩化カルシウム共沈法、DEAE-デキストラン仲介型トランスフェクション、リポフェクション、またはエレクトロポーレーションが挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。宿主細胞を形質転換またはトランスフェクトするのに適切な方法は、Sambrookら(前掲)、および他の研究マニュアルに見出し得る。
本発明の別の態様は、塞栓形成を伴うまたは伴わないベクターの送達に関する。発現ベクターは、本発明の生物活性治療因子またはポリペプチド(もしくはその一部)をコードする核酸を含むことが好ましい。本明細書で使用する「ベクター」という用語は、連結した別の核酸を輸送できる核酸分子を指す。1つの種類のベクターは「プラスミド」であり、これは、追加のDNAセグメントをライゲートできる環状の二本鎖DNAループを指す。別の種類のベクターは、追加のDNAセグメントをウイルスゲノムにライゲートできるウイルスベクターである。ウイルスベクターの具体的な例としては、本発明の微小球およびトランスフェクション剤を用いた遺伝子療法のためのアデノウイルスおよびレトロウイルスベクターが挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。微粒子に連結したトランスフェクション剤に物理的に連結した、生物活性治療因子を含むウイルス様粒子の使用も本発明に含まれる。このようなウイルス様粒子は、ジスルフィド架橋形成を介してインテグリン結合ペプチドCYGGRGDTPにコンジュゲートしたポリエチレンイミン(PEI)を用いて設計され得る。このようなPEI/RGD含有ペプチド/複合体は、大きさなどの構成的な特性、および中心保護コア(centrally protected core)、ならびにインテグリン仲介型細胞侵入および酸誘発型エンドソーム逃散(escape)などの「初期特性」がアデノウイルスと共通する(Erbacherら, 刊行予定)。
遺伝子療法の目的で、欠失を有するアデノウイルスが適切なビヒクルとして提案されてきた。アデノウイルスは、非エンベロープDNAウイルスである。アデノウイルス由来の遺伝子導入ベクター(いわゆるアデノウイルスベクター)は、このような目的のための遺伝子導入に特に有用となる多数の特徴を有している。例えば、アデノウイルスの生物学は詳細に解析されている。アデノウイルスはヒトの重大な病理に関連しておらず、該ウイルスはそのDNAを非常に効率的に宿主細胞に導入し、該ウイルスは幅広い種類の細胞を感染させることができ、広範な宿主範囲を有し、該ウイルスは比較的容易に大量生産でき、該ウイルスは、特にウイルスゲノムの初期領域(early-region)1(E1)における欠失により複製をできなくすることが可能である。
レトロウイルスベクターは、高い感染効率、および標的細胞染色体におけるウイルス伝染型情報の安定した同線上(co-linear)組込みなどレトロウイルス複製サイクルの特徴を利用する哺乳動物のための遺伝子導入ビヒクルである。レトロウイルスベクターは、基礎的研究、バイオテクノロジーおよび遺伝子療法における重要なツールとなりつつある。
二重脂質エンベロープは宿主細胞膜から誘導され、ウイルス表面タンパク質(SU)および膜貫通タンパク質(TM)の挿入により改変される。マトリックスタンパク質(MA)は、内部コアを囲む外膜の直下に位置する。コアは、キャプシドタンパク質(CA)からなる。キャプシドの内部には、5'側端において水素結合を介して互いと付着した2コピーのレトロウイルスゲノムが存在する。ウイルスコア粒子は、ウイルス酵素:逆転写酵素(RT)、プロテアーゼ(PR)およびインテグラーゼ(IN)、ならびにウイルスゲノムに結合したヌクレオキャプシドタンパク質(NC)も含む。ウイルスにコードされたこれらのタンパク質の他、ビリオンは、宿主のtRNA集合に由来する多数のtRNA分子も含む。
U3領域のすぐ上流には、別の重要なシスエレメントであるポリプリン領域 (PP)があり、これはAおよびG残基の配列からなる。このエレメントは、逆転写の間、プラス鎖DNA合成を開始する部位として役割を果たす。
本発明は、さらに、塞栓形成を伴うまたは伴わない、アンチセンス核酸分子の送達を包含する。アンチセンス核酸分子は、本発明のポリペプチドをコードするセンス核酸に相補的(例えば、二本鎖cDNA分子のコード鎖に相補的、またはmRNA配列に相補的)な分子である。従って、アンチセンス核酸は、センス核酸に水素結合できる。アンチセンス核酸は、コード鎖全体、またはその一部のみ(例えば、タンパク質コード領域(すなわちオープンリーディングフレーム)の全体または一部)に相補的であり得る。アンチセンス核酸分子は、本発明のポリペプチドをコードするヌクレオチド配列のコード鎖の非コード領域の全体または一部に対してアンチセンスであり得る。非コード領域(「5'側および3'側非翻訳領域」)は、コード領域を挟む5'側および3'側配列であり、アミノ酸に翻訳されない。
本発明のポリペプチドをコードする核酸分子に対して特異性を有するリボザイムは、目的の標的遺伝子のヌクレオチド配列に基づいて設計できる。例えば、Cechら米国特許第4,987,071号;およびCechら米国特許第5,116,742号においては、活性部位のヌクレオチド配列と切断されるヌクレオチド配列とが相補的であるテトラヒメナL-19 IVS RNAの誘導体を構築できる。あるいはまた、本発明の生物活性治療因子をコードするmRNAを使用して、特異的リボヌクレアーゼ活性を有する触媒RNAを、RNA分子のプールから選択できる。例えば、BartelおよびSzostak (1993) Science 261:1411-1418を参照のこと。
本発明の一態様は、微小球を用いた、哺乳動物への、薬剤、ワクチン、および診断薬、または造影剤の投与である。勿論、この実施形態は、トランスフェクション剤の使用を必ずしも必要としない。しかし、このような剤は、微小球および生物活性剤と会合する(すなわち、リンカーとして作用する)能力、またはエンドサイトーシスを改善する能力のために選択できる。
さらに、好ましい組成物は、使用前の保存期間中に物理的な特性が変化しない。
簡単に言うと、X線写真を撮る際に放射線不透過性造影剤を、動脈または静脈に挿入されたカテーテルを介して注射することにより、塞栓される領域の血管造影撮影をまず行う。カテーテルは、経皮的にまたは手術により挿入され得る。次いで、カテーテルを介して、本発明の生物活性治療因子/トランスフェクション剤/微小球組成物を、流れがやむのが見とめられるまで還流させることにより血管を塞栓する。閉塞は、血管造影撮影を繰り返すことにより確認できる。
カテーテルは、正常な構造に供給する動脈分枝(branches)はできるだけ多く危害を加えずに、腫瘍に供給している血管の完全な遮断が可能になるのに必要なだけ肝臓の動脈樹系(tree)へ進入させる。理想的には、これは、肝臓の動脈の分節的な分枝であるが、胃十二指腸動脈の起点から離れた肝臓の動脈全体、または複数の別々の動脈が、腫瘍の程度および個々の血液供給に応じて遮断される必要がある。所望のカテーテル位置が達成できれば、動脈カテーテルを介して抗脈管形成治療組成物を、遮断される動脈における流れがやむまで(好ましくは5分間の観察の後も)注射することにより、動脈が塞栓される。動脈の閉塞は、カテーテルを介して放射線不透過性造影剤を注射し、X線透視もしくはX線フィルムにより、先に造影剤で充填された管がそれ以上閉塞されないことを明示することにより確認され得る。同じ処置を、閉塞される供給動脈それぞれに対して繰り返してもよい。
動脈塞栓形成により治療され得る一次肝臓悪性腫瘍の代表的な例としては、肝細胞癌、胆管癌、血管肉腫、嚢胞腺癌、扁平上皮癌、および胚芽腫が挙げられる。
上述したように、本発明の生物活性治療因子/トランスフェクション剤/微小球組成物を利用する塞栓形成療法はまた、血管を閉塞するのと同時に、必要とする患者に遺伝子療法を実施することが望ましいその他の様々な臨床的状況にも適用され得る。
上記議論したように、本発明の生物活性治療因子/トランスフェクション剤/微小球組成物は、診断画像法、治療画像法、および治療薬送達と共に使用され得る(例えば、超音波(US)、磁気共鳴画像法(I)、核磁気共鳴法(NMR)、コンピュータ連動断層撮影法(CT)、電子スピン共鳴(ESR)、核医学画像法、光学画像法、組織弾性画像法、超音波、高周波(RF)、およびマイクロ波レーザによる薬剤送達などが挙げられる)。本発明の送達ビヒクルおよび安定化物質を、診断および治療画像法のための造影剤としての効果を高める作用し得る従来の造影剤を含む様々な造影剤と組み合わせて使用してもよい。
医薬剤形:ポリヌクレオチド塩:本明細書に記載する生物活性治療因子をコードするポリヌクレオチドの製薬上許容可能な塩の投与が、本発明の範囲内に含まれる。このような塩は、有機塩基および無機塩基を含む製薬上許容可能な非毒性塩基から調製され得る。無機塩基から誘導される塩としては、ナトリウム、カリウム、リチウム、アンモニウム、カルシウム、マグネシウムなどが挙げられる。
製薬上許容可能な有機非毒性塩基から誘導される塩としては、第一級、第二級および第三級アミン、塩基アミノ酸などが挙げられる。製薬的な塩の有益な議論については、S.M. Bergeら, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 66:1-19(1977)(その開示は参照により本明細書に援用される)を参照のこと。
本発明はさらに、本発明の上記組成物の成分を1つまたは複数充填された1つまたは複数の容器を含む、製薬パックおよびキットに関する。このような容器には、製薬または生物学的製品の製造、使用または販売を規制する政府機関により規定された形式の、ヒト投与についての製品の製造、使用または販売についての該機関の認可を反映した注意書きが付随していてもよい。本明細書に記載するアッセイまたは方法のいずれの試薬も、キットの成分として含まれていてもよい。
実施例1
100 mlの脱ミネラル水を含むビーカーに、58 gの塩化ナトリウムおよび27gの酢酸ナトリウムを溶解する。400 mlのグリセロールを加えて、pHを5.9〜6.1に調節する。次いで、90 gのN-トリス-ヒドロキシ-メチルメチルアクリルアミド、35 mgのジエチルアミノエチルアクリル-アミド、および10 gのN,N-メチレン-ビス-アクリルアミドを添加する。60〜70℃で加熱し、100 moの熱い300 mg/mlゼラチン溶液を添加する。熱湯を添加して、混合物の合計容量を980 mlに調節し、次いで、20 mlの70 mg/ml過硫酸アンモニウム溶液、および4 mlのN,N,N',N'-テトラメチルエチレンジアミンを添加する。
ジエチルアミノエチルアクリルアミドの代わりにトリエチルアミノエチルアクリルアミドを使用して、実施例1の手順に従う。微小球の回収後、25%グルタルアルデヒド溶液(全微小球の100 ml)により、ゼラチンを網状にする。この処置は、4℃にて一晩攪拌して実施する。その後、脱ミネラル水で洗浄する。
10 gのN-トリス-ヒドロキシメチルメチルアクリルアミドを、10 gのアクリル酸に置き換えて、実施例1および2の手順に従う。得られる微小球は、塩およびイオン濃度、ならびにpHレベルにより制御可能な高い膨潤性を有する。これらの微小球は、扱い時にユーザーが直接見るのに有利に有用である。
N-トリス-ヒドロキシメチルメチルアクリルアミドを、10 gのN-アクリロイルヘキサメチレンプロシオンレッドRed HE-3Bに置き換えて、実施例1および2の手順に従う。得られる微小球は、アクリル染料をポリマー格子に取り入れたため、強力な赤の色合いを有する。これらの微小球は、扱い時にユーザーが直接見るのに有利に有用である。
実施例1〜4で得られた100 mlの微小球を、0.1 Mホウ酸塩緩衝液(pH 8)で洗浄し、50 mlの5 mg/mlローダミンイソチオシアネート溶液に懸濁する。次いで、懸濁液を少なくとも15時間攪拌し、その後、無色上清になるまで中性緩衝液で洗浄する。
10 gのN-トリス-ヒドロキシメチルメチルアクリルアミドを、X線に対して不透過性の10 gのモノマーである(アクリルアミド-3-プロピオンアミド)-3-トリヨード-2,4,6-安息香酸に置き換えて、実施例1〜4の手順に従う。
出発モノマー溶液に、5 gの放射線不透過性/可溶性鎖状ポリマーであるアクリルアミド-3-トリヨード-2,4,6-ポリ安息香酸(実施例11および12)、または(アクリルアミノ-3-プロピオンアミド)-3-トリヨード-2,4,6-ポリ安息香酸(実施例13および14)を添加して、実施例1〜2の手順に従った。
出発モノマー溶液に、200 gの硫酸バリウム粉末を添加して、実施例1〜2の手順に従った。得られる微小球は、可視光線およびX線の両方に対して不透過である。
出発モノマー溶液に、50 gの磁鉄鉱(Fe3O4)を添加して、実施例1〜2の手順に従った。
本発明のさらなる実施形態は、上述した実施例1〜20のいずれかの微小球を使用し、該微小球をさらに、p53遺伝子をコードする、Transfectam(登録商標)(Biosphere Medical)などのトランスフェクション剤と会合したポリヌクレオチドと、適切なプロモーターの制御下で混合することを含む。このような微小球/P53遺伝子/Transfectam(登録商標)組成物は、細動脈の塞栓形成および回復、ならびにその後の様々な癌(例えば、肝癌、腎臓癌および膵臓癌)の除去のために有用である。
塞栓形成遺伝子療法および抗新脈管形成療法の組合せにおいて使用するための注射可能懸濁液の調製
本発明のさらなる実施形態は、上述した実施例1〜20のいずれかの微小球を使用し、該微小球をさらに、Transfectam(登録商標)(Biosphere Medical)などのトランスフェクション剤と会合したポリヌクレオチドに(適切なプロモーターの制御下で)コードされる抗新脈管形成剤と混合することを含む。このような微小球/抗新脈管形成剤/Transfectam(登録商標)組成物は、癌の細動脈の塞栓形成およびその後の新脈管形成の予防による回復の組合せ、ならびにその後の様々な癌(例えば、前立腺癌)の除去のために有用である。
Claims (14)
- (a) ビニルアルコールポリマー、ポリ(乳酸)、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリ(無水物)、多糖類、シリコーン、またはそれらの混合物を含む、生物適合性および疎水性ポリマー、および
(b) 抗新生物剤
を含む、能動的塞栓形成に適した実質的に球形の微小球。 - 前記ポリマーが、ビニルアルコールポリマー、ポリアクリルアミド、またはこれらの混合物を含む、請求項1に記載の微小球。
- 前記ポリマーが、アクリル酸ナトリウムおよびビニルアルコールコポリマーである、請求項1または2に記載の微小球。
- (a) アクリル酸ナトリウムポリマー、アクリル酸ナトリウムおよびビニルアルコールコポリマー、酢酸ビニルおよびアクリル酸エステルコポリマー、架橋ポリアクリル酸ナトリウムポリマー、またはこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される生物適合性および疎水性のポリマー、および
(b) 抗新生物剤
を含む、能動的塞栓形成に適した実質的に球形の微小球。 - 前記ポリマーが架橋されている、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の微小球。
- 前記抗新生物剤が、白金化合物、アドリアマイシン、マイトマイシンC、アンサマイトシン、ブレオマイシン、シトシンアラビノシド、アラビノシルアデニン、メルカプトポリリシン、ビンクリスチン、ブスルファン、クロラムブシル、メルファラン、メルカプトプリン、ミトタン、プロカルバジン、ダクチノマイシン、塩酸ダウノルビシン、ドキソルビシン、プリカマイシン、アミノグルテチミド、エストラムスチン、フルタミド、ロイプロリド、メゲストロール、タモキシフェン、テストラクトン、トリロスタン、アムサクリン、アスパラギナーゼ、エルウィナアスパラギナーゼ、エトポシド、インターフェロンα-2a、インターフェロンα-2b、テニポシド、ビンブラスチン、メトトレキセート、カルゼレシン、組織プラスミノゲン活性化因子、デキサメタゾン及びパクリタキセルから成る群から選択される、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の微小球。
- 前記抗新生物剤が、パクリタキセル、シスプラチン、マイトマイシンC、タモキシフェン、またはドキソルビシンである、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の微小球。
- さらに、造影剤(imaging agent)、造影剤(contrast agent)、蛍光マーカー誘導体、化学染料、または磁気共鳴造影剤を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の微小球。
- 前記ポリマーが架橋剤を0.5重量%〜20重量%含む、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の微小球。
- 前記微小球の直径が10μm〜200μmの範囲内である、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の微小球。
- 前記微小球が膨潤可能な、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の微小球。
- 前記抗新生物剤が前記微小球上に被覆され、かつ、該薬剤が、該微小球と会合した該薬剤の全量の50%を上回る量から選択される量でその放出まで該微小球の表面に維持されている、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の微小球。
- 前記抗新生物剤がドキソルビシンである、請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の微小球。
- 前記ポリマーが、アクリル酸ナトリウムおよびビニルアルコールコポリマーであり、前記抗新生物剤がドキソルビシンである、請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の微小球。
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