JP2011504962A - 高温加圧水及び回収流体により全原油を品質改良する方法 - Google Patents
高温加圧水及び回収流体により全原油を品質改良する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
低価値の重質原油は、従来知られている様々な方法を用いて重質留分をクラッキングすることにより高価値の軽質原油に転換できる。従来、クラッキング及び清浄化は、触媒を用いて、水素の存在下、高温で実施されてきた。しかし、この種の水素化処理は、多量の水素及び/又は触媒を使用しない場合では、重質サワー原油の処理に明確な限界がある。
超臨界水は、外部源の水素を添加して炭化水素をクラッキングするための反応媒体として使用されている。水は、約705°F(374℃)及び約22.1MPaの臨界点を有する。これらの条件を超えると、水の液体と気体の間の界面が消失し、得られた超臨界水は有機化合物に対する高溶解性及び気体との高混和性を示す。
原油増進回収法(Enhanced Oil Recovery:EOR)は、油田から採取できる油量を増加させる技術に関する包括的な用語である。EORを使用すると、1次及び2次回収を用いる20〜40%と比較して、貯留層元来の石油の約30〜60%又はそれ以上を採取することができる。EOR用の典型的な流体には、気体、液体、蒸気又は他の薬品が含まれ、気体注入が最もよく使用されるEOR技術である。
Claims (20)
- 全原油を品質改良するための方法であって、
生産井からの全原油の回収を向上させるために回収流体が地中構造を掃引できるように、注入井に加圧回収流体を回収流体の最小混和圧力を超える圧力で注入するステップであって、回収流体は生産井からの回収時に全原油と均質に混合されて高圧流を生成し、全原油が軽質留分及び重質留分を含む上記ステップと、
重質留分中のごく一部の回収流体の混和性を維持する条件下で高圧流を減圧して、重質留分を高圧流から分離して軽質原油流及び重質留分流を形成するステップであって、軽質原油流はかなりの部分の回収流体を含有している上記ステップと、
回収流体を軽質原油流から分離して軽質留分流を形成するステップと、
重質留分流を水供給流と超臨界条件下で接触させることにより重質留分流を改質重質留分に改質するステップであって、改質重質留分は全原油と比較して重質留分、アスファルテン、硫黄、窒素又は金属含有物質の量が少なくなる上記ステップと
を含む上記方法。 - 軽質留分流を改質重質留分と混ぜ合わせて品質改良された全原油を生成するステップであって、品質改良された全原油は、全原油と比較して重質留分、アスファルテン、硫黄、窒素又は金属含有物質の量が少なくなる上記ステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記回収流体が気体、液体、蒸気、薬品及びそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記回収流体が、二酸化炭素、窒素、天然ガス及びそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される気体である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記回収流体が二酸化炭素である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 回収流体を軽質原油流から分離する前記ステップがフラッシュ蒸留器を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 重質留分流を改質する前記ステップが、
重質留分を水供給流と混ぜ合わせて混合物を生成させるステップであって、混合物が水素を外部供給せずに生成される上記ステップと、
反応区域内の混合物の温度が水の臨界温度以上になるように混合物の温度を変更して、混合物中の少なくとも一部の炭化水素がクラッキングを受けて高温適合混合物を生成するステップと、
高温適合混合物を冷却及び減圧して減圧適合混合物を生成するステップと、
減圧適合混合物を気体部分及び液体部分に分離するステップと、
液体部分を回収水流及び改質重質留分に分離するステップとをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記混合物が、触媒を外部供給せずに生成する、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記反応区域が、内側部分を有する主反応器を含み、主反応器が縦型反応器を含み、予備加熱混合物が縦型反応器を通って下方に流れる、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記高温適合混合物が圧力調整装置によって減圧され、圧力調整装置は少なくとも1台の背圧調整器を含む、請求項7に記載の連続的な方法。
- 前記圧力調整装置が並列方式で構成される2つ以上の背圧調整器を含む、請求項10に記載の連続的な方法。
- 重質留分流を改質する前記ステップが、
水供給流及び重質留分流の圧力を目的圧に昇圧するステップであって、目的圧は水の臨界圧を超える上記ステップと、
重質留分流をわずかに高い温度で水供給流と混合して混合物を形成するステップであって、温度は前記のわずかに高い温度が混合物を容易にポンプ輸送できるようになる範囲から選択される上記ステップと、
混合物を水の臨界圧を超える圧力で加熱区域にポンプ輸送するステップと、
加熱区域内の混合物を約150℃から350℃の範囲の温度に加熱して予備加熱混合物を形成するステップと、
予備加熱混合物を反応区域に供給するステップと、
反応区域内の温度を水の臨界温度以上の目的温度に昇温して、予備加熱混合物の炭化水素の一部がクラッキングを受けて高温適合混合物を形成するステップであって、反応区域には外部供給触媒が本質的になく、外部供給水素源が本質的にない上記ステップと、
高温適合混合物を冷却及び減圧して減圧適合混合物を形成するステップと、
少なくとも1台の分離器を用いて、減圧適合混合物を気体部分及び液体部分に分離するステップと、
少なくとも1台の油水分離器を用いて、液体部分を改質重質留分及び回収水流に分離するステップとをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 回収水流を超臨界条件下で酸化して処理水流を形成するステップと、
処理水流と水供給流を混ぜ合わせることにより処理水流をリサイクルするステップとをさらに含む、請求項12に記載の方法。 - 重質留分流を改質する前記ステップが、
水供給流及び重質留分流の圧力を水の臨界圧を超える目的圧に昇圧するステップと、
水供給流を高温に加熱して加熱水流を形成して、加熱水流が超臨界状態になるステップと、
混合区域で重質留分流を加熱水流と混合して予備加熱混合物を形成するステップであって、混合区域が反応区域に近接した位置にあり、予備加熱混合物が超臨界状態を維持する上記ステップと、
予備加熱混合物を反応区域に供給するステップと、
反応区域内の温度を水の臨界温度以上の目的温度に昇温し、少なくともある程度の予備加熱混合物の炭化水素がクラッキングを受けて高温適合混合物を形成するステップであって、反応区域には外部供給触媒が本質的になく、外部供給水素源が本質的にない上記ステップと、
高温適合混合物を冷却及び減圧して減圧適合混合物を形成するステップと、
少なくとも1台の気液分離器を用いて、減圧適合混合物を気体部分及び液体部分に分離するステップと、
少なくとも1台の油水分離器を用いて、液体部分を改質重質留分及び回収水流に分離するステップとをさらに含む、請求項1の方法。 - 回収水流を超臨界条件下で酸化して処理水流を形成するステップと、
処理水流と水供給流を混ぜ合わせることにより処理水流をリサイクルするステップとをさらに含む、請求項14に記載の方法。 - 全原油を品質改良するための装置であって、
地中構造と流体的に連通する注入井であり、加圧回収流体を受けること及び加圧回収流体を地中構造に導入することができ、加圧回収流体が地中構造内で全原油に均質に混合されて高圧流が形成され、高圧流が回収流体及び全原油を含み、全原油が軽質留分及び重質留分を含む上記注入井と、
地中構造に流体的に連通する生産井であり、地中構造から高圧流を生成できる上記生産井と、
生産井に流体的に連通する分留装置であり、重質留分が高圧流から分離されて軽質原油流及び重質留分流を形成するように高圧流を段階的方式で減圧でき、ごく一部の回収流体が重質留分内で混和性を維持し、軽質原油流がかなりの部分の回収流体を含有する上記分留装置と、
重質留分流を水供給流と超臨界条件下で接触させることにより重質留分流を改質重質留分に改質できる水熱改質設備であって、改質重質留分が全原油と比較して重質留分、アスファルテン、硫黄、窒素又は金属含有物質の量が少なくなる上記水熱改質設備と
を含む上記装置。 - 前記水熱改質設備が、
わずかに高い温度で供給水を有する重質留分を受け取り、重質油/水混合物を生成することができる混合区域と、
混合区域と流体的に接続されている予備加熱区域であり、重質油/水混合物を約350℃までの温度に加熱できる予備加熱区域と、
重質油/水混合物の圧力を少なくとも水の臨界圧に昇圧できる高圧ポンプ輸送手段と、
予備加熱区域と流体的に接続されている反応区域であり、主反応器の内側部分を含み、主反応器は少なくとも水の臨界温度と同じ高さの温度に耐えることができ、主反応器は水の臨界圧力を超える圧力に耐えることができ、外部供給触媒が本質的になく、外部供給水素源が本質的にない上記反応区域とを含む、請求項16に記載の装置。 - 前記混合区域が、重質油/水混合物にキャビテーションを施して、サブミクロン乳化液を生成することにより重質油/水混合物の混合をさらに誘起することができる超音波発生器をさらに含む、請求項17に記載の装置。
- 圧力調整装置と、
圧力調整装置に流体的に接続された気液分離装置であり、液体流及び気体流を生成することができる上記気液分離装置と、
液体流を通じて気液分離装置に流体的に接続された油水分離装置であり、回収水流及び品質改良された炭化水素流を生成できる油水分離装置とをさらに含む、請求項17に記載の装置。 - 前記回収水流をリサイクルして供給水と混ぜ合わせることができ、回収水流に流体的に接続される酸化反応器をさらに含み、酸化反応器が酸化を通じて回収水流を清浄化できる、請求項19に記載の装置。
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JP2013515141A (ja) * | 2009-12-21 | 2013-05-02 | サウジ アラビアン オイル カンパニー | 水、酸化剤及び重質油を超臨界の温度及び圧力条件下で混合し、最終的にその混合物をマイクロ波処理にかけるプロセス |
JP2015044957A (ja) * | 2013-08-29 | 2015-03-12 | 国立大学法人秋田大学 | 溶液中の重質油回収方法及び回収システム |
JP2017504685A (ja) * | 2013-12-18 | 2017-02-09 | サウジ アラビアン オイル カンパニー | 超臨界水による品質向上させた石油の製造 |
JP2017507204A (ja) * | 2014-01-20 | 2017-03-16 | アプライド リサーチ アソシエーツ, インコーポレイテッド | 高効率の流動点低減プロセス |
JP2018044179A (ja) * | 2014-01-20 | 2018-03-22 | アプライド リサーチ アソシエーツ, インコーポレイテッド | 高効率の流動点低減プロセス |
US10961469B2 (en) | 2014-01-20 | 2021-03-30 | Applied Research Associates, Inc. | High efficiency pour point reduction process |
JP2018507287A (ja) * | 2015-01-28 | 2018-03-15 | アプライド リサーチ アソシエーツ, インコーポレイテッド | 水熱浄化プロセス |
JP2019527615A (ja) * | 2016-07-08 | 2019-10-03 | アプライド リサーチ アソシエーツ, インコーポレイテッド | 超臨界水分離プロセス |
US10941355B2 (en) | 2016-07-08 | 2021-03-09 | Applied Research Associates, Inc. | Supercritical water separation process |
KR101928204B1 (ko) | 2017-07-19 | 2018-12-11 | 성균관대학교산학협력단 | 중질유분 개질 방법 |
WO2019139148A1 (ja) * | 2018-01-12 | 2019-07-18 | 独立行政法人石油天然ガス・金属鉱物資源機構 | 高粘度重質油からの炭化水素の生産方法、及び生産システム |
JP2021514022A (ja) * | 2018-02-26 | 2021-06-03 | サウジ アラビアン オイル カンパニー | 重質油をアップグレードする超臨界水プロセスのための添加剤 |
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