JP2008251537A - 光電変換素子用電解質 - Google Patents
光電変換素子用電解質 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2008251537A JP2008251537A JP2008105046A JP2008105046A JP2008251537A JP 2008251537 A JP2008251537 A JP 2008251537A JP 2008105046 A JP2008105046 A JP 2008105046A JP 2008105046 A JP2008105046 A JP 2008105046A JP 2008251537 A JP2008251537 A JP 2008251537A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- clay mineral
- ionic liquid
- synthetic clay
- layered synthetic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical class C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000004010 onium ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002165 photosensitisation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical class C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001410 inorganic ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 43
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 57
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 52
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 51
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 50
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 50
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- -1 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 35
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 31
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 30
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 24
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 17
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011345 viscous material Substances 0.000 description 13
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- IVCMUVGRRDWTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-methyl-3-propylimidazol-1-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IVCMUVGRRDWTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001448 anilines Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- LRESCJAINPKJTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F LRESCJAINPKJTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YSHMQTRICHYLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butylpyridine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 YSHMQTRICHYLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 6
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Substances [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- ISHFYECQSXFODS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazol-1-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1C ISHFYECQSXFODS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ADSOSINJPNKUJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butylpyridine Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CC=N1 ADSOSINJPNKUJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005131 dialkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZVCCGFNKFVNWTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-methyl-dioctylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CC)CCCCCCCC ZVCCGFNKFVNWTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- PVWOIHVRPOBWPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl iodide Chemical compound CCCI PVWOIHVRPOBWPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005118 spray pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Sr+2] IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005208 trialkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M (4z)-1-(3-methylbutyl)-4-[[1-(3-methylbutyl)quinolin-1-ium-4-yl]methylidene]quinoline;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C12=CC=CC=C2N(CCC(C)C)C=CC1=CC1=CC=[N+](CCC(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C12 QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1C GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKQCDTXBZKMPBB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IKQCDTXBZKMPBB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound CN1C=CN=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFJNVIPVOCESGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dipyridin-2-ylpyridine Chemical group N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CN=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 JFJNVIPVOCESGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZTDEFHCSZAWMD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-(4-carboxylatopyridin-2-yl)pyridine-4-carboxylate;ruthenium(2+) Chemical compound [Ru+2].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=C(C=2)C([O-])=O)=C1 ZZTDEFHCSZAWMD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIALIKXMLIAOSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propylpyridine Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=CC=N1 OIALIKXMLIAOSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQAMFDRRWURCFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCC1=NC=CN1 PQAMFDRRWURCFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRGGMCIBEHEAIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylpyridine Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=N1 NRGGMCIBEHEAIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFPQDYSOPQHZAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxypropanenitrile Chemical compound COC(C)C#N SFPQDYSOPQHZAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=N1 BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKBBSFGKFMQPPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCC1=NC=CN1 MKBBSFGKFMQPPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOWFYDWAMOKVSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxypropanenitrile Chemical compound COCCC#N OOWFYDWAMOKVSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZVUAOCDNFNSGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-methoxy-2-phenyl-1h-quinolin-4-one Chemical compound N=1C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2C(O)=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 JZVUAOCDNFNSGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical group N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VUXGIFXVYIVVKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCCCCCCN.C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN.C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VUXGIFXVYIVVKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNMYWSMUMWPJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium iodide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[I-].[I-] UNMYWSMUMWPJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ibuprofen Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C(C)C(O)=O)C=C1 HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000144 PEDOT:PSS Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 1
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical class C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium peroxydisulfate Substances [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)OOS([O-])=O VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002490 anilino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001556 benzimidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HMSNIIYRSXMDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl-ethyl-dioctylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+](CC)(CCCCCCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 HMSNIIYRSXMDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001640 calcium iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940046413 calcium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;aluminum;dioxido(oxo)silane;sodium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na].[Al].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chelidonic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC(=O)C=C(C(O)=O)O1 PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQJDHWMADUVRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N didodecyl(dimethyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCC QQJDHWMADUVRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- MELGLHXCBHKVJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(dioctyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCC MELGLHXCBHKVJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002019 disulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940071161 dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940060296 dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CJMZLCRLBNZJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-amino-4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiophene-3-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(N)SC=C1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 CJMZLCRLBNZJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXBPSENIJJPTCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl cyanate Chemical compound CCOC#N JXBPSENIJJPTCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001002 functional polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001195 gallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJZXSOKJEJFHCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;thiocyanate Chemical compound [Li+].[S-]C#N ZJZXSOKJEJFHCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BLQJIBCZHWBKSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium iodide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[I-].[I-] BLQJIBCZHWBKSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001641 magnesium iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M merocyanine Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1N(CCCC)C(=O)N(CCCC)C(=O)C1=C\C=C\C=C/1N(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O\1 DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001509 metal bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001511 metal iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylimidazole Natural products CC1=CNC=N1 XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUZLIXGTXQBUDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrioctylammonium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC ZUZLIXGTXQBUDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- CKSWUFCFBWEARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-dodecyl-n-(2-phenylethyl)dodecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCCCCCC)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 CKSWUFCFBWEARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWASLLCDKPHWAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octyl-n-(2-phenylethyl)octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCC)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 BWASLLCDKPHWAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTFCNNNASOTATI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octyl-n-(3-phenylpropyl)octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCC)CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 YTFCNNNASOTATI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000273 nontronite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-O octylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[NH3+] IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004968 peroxymonosulfuric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001007 phthalocyanine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UYCAUPASBSROMS-AWQJXPNKSA-M sodium;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][13C](=O)[13C](F)(F)F UYCAUPASBSROMS-AWQJXPNKSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)Cl YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- RQPWVAXZWDTDPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecyl(methyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCC RQPWVAXZWDTDPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001018 xanthene dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2004—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte
- H01G9/2009—Solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2004—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte
- H01G9/2013—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte the electrolyte comprising ionic liquids, e.g. alkyl imidazolium iodide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
- H01M14/005—Photoelectrochemical storage cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】色素増感太陽電池は、光電極4、対向電極5、電解質層6で構成される。光電極4は、透明基板1と透明導電膜2と酸化物半導体多孔質膜3により構成される。光電変換素子用電解質6は、(i)層状合成粘土鉱物及び/又は有機化層状合成粘土鉱物並びに(ii)イオン性液体を含有する。
【選択図】図1
Description
電解質の調製
層状合成粘土鉱物
コープケミカル社製合成スメクタイト(商品名:ルーセンタイトSWN)を用いてクレイゲル電解質1〜2を調製した。
コープケミカル社製合成スメクタイト(商品名:ルーセンタイトSPN)を用いてクレイゲル電解質3〜10を調製した。
コープケミカル社製合成スメクタイト(商品名:ルーセンタイトSTN)を用いてクレイゲル電解質11を調製した。
トルエン中、1−メチルイミダゾール(8.2g、Aldrich社製)とヨウ化プロピル(16.9g、関東化学(株)製)を75℃、15時間撹拌を行った。反応終了後、トルエン層とイオン性液体層の2層に分離した。反応溶液からトルエン層を除去することによりイオン性液体を採取した、得られたイオン性液体をトルエンで3回洗浄することにより精製を行った。トルエンを減圧留去することによりイオン性液体1−メチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド(23.8g)を得た。
水中、1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド(5g、東京化成工業(株)製)とリチウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド(6g、関東化学(株)製)を室温下、5時間撹拌を行った。反応終了後、水層とイオン性液体層の2層に分離した。反応溶液から水層を除去することによりイオン性液体を得、得られたイオン性液体を水で3回洗浄することにより精製を行った。水を減圧留去することによりイオン性液体1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド7.8gを得た。
トルエン中、1,2−ジメチルイミダゾール(7.2g、Aldrich社製)とヨウ化プロピル(12.7g、関東化学(株)製)を75℃、15時間撹拌を行った。反応終了後、室温まで冷却して形成された粗結晶を回収した。トルエンとイソプロパノールの混合溶媒にて再結晶を行い真空下で乾燥することにより1,2−ジメチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド(18.3g)を得た。
イオン性液体1−メチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイドに0.1mol/Lヨウ化リチウム(Aldrich社製)、0.15mol/Lヨウ素(関東化学(株)製)、0.5mol/L4−tert−ブチルピリジン(Aldrich社製)を溶解させた電解液を調製した。得られた電解液に対して層状合成粘土鉱物ルーセンタイトSWNを7.5重量%添加した後、乳鉢で混合した。イオン性液体と層状合成粘土鉱物からなる粘稠物質を遠心分離で処理することによりクレイゲル電解質1を得た。
水/アセトニトリル=2/1(重量比)中に膨潤分散させた層状合成粘土鉱物ルーセンタイトSWN600mgとイオン性液体1−メチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド5mLを層状合成粘土鉱物の重量比がイオン性液体に対して7.5重量%となるように混合し、室温下で3時間撹拌した。層状合成粘土鉱物とイオン性液体を含有した分散液から溶媒を真空留去することにより粘稠物質を得た。得られた粘稠物質に、あらかじめヨウ化リチウム(0.1mol/L)、ヨウ素(0.15mol/L)、4−tert−ブチルピリジン(0.5mol/L)を溶解させたアセトニトリル溶液5mLを添加した後、室温下で3時間撹拌した。撹拌終了後、分散液中のアセトニトリルを真空留去することによりクレイゲル電解質2を得た。
イオン性液体1−メチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイドに0.1mol/Lヨウ化リチウム、0.15mol/Lヨウ素、0.5mol/L4−tert−ブチルピリジンを溶解させた電解液を調製した。得られた電解液に対して有機化層状合成粘土鉱物ルーセンタイトSPNを7.5重量%添加した後、乳鉢で混合した。イオン性液体と有機化層状合成粘土鉱物からなる粘稠物質を遠心分離で処理することによりクレイゲル電解質3を得た。
イオン性液体1−メチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイドに0.1mol/Lヨウ化リチウム、0.15mol/Lヨウ素、0.5mol/L4−tert−ブチルピリジンを溶解させた電解液を調製した。この電解液に対して有機化層状合成粘土鉱物ルーセンタイトSPNを7.5重量%添加した後、乳鉢で混合することによりイオン性液体と有機化層状合成粘土鉱物からなる粘稠物質クレイゲル電解質4を得た。
イオン性液体1−メチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイドに0.1mol/Lヨウ化リチウム、0.15mol/Lヨウ素、0.5mol/L4−tert−ブチルピリジンを溶解させた電解液を調製した。この電解液を、あらかじめアセトニトリル中に膨潤分散させた有機化層状合成粘土鉱物ルーセンタイトSPN分散液に添加した後(混合比はイオン性液体に対してSPNの重量比が7.5重量%)、室温下で3時間撹拌した。撹拌終了後、アセトニトリルを真空留去することにより粘稠物質クレイゲル電解質5を得た。
イオン性液体1−メチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド5mLを、あらかじめトルエン中に膨潤分散させた層状合成粘土鉱物ルーセンタイトSPN600mgに撹拌しながら添加し、室温下で3時間撹拌した(混合比はイオン性液体に対してSPNの重量比が7.5重量%)。撹拌終了後静置することにより分散液は有機化層状合成粘土鉱物とイオン性液体からなる層とトルエン層に分離した。分散液のトルエン層を除去することにより有機化層状合成粘土鉱物とイオン性液体からなる層を採取した。得られた有機化層状合成粘土鉱物とイオン性液体からなる複合体をトルエンで3回洗浄した後、トルエンを真空留去することにより粘稠物質を得た。得られた粘稠物質に、あらかじめヨウ化リチウム(0.1mol/L)、ヨウ素(0.15mol/L)、4−tert−ブチルピリジン(0.5mol/L)を溶解させたアセトニトリル溶液5mLを添加した後、室温下で3時間撹拌した。撹拌終了後、分散液中のアセトニトリルを真空留去することによりクレイゲル電解質6を得た。
イオン性液体1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドに0.1mol/Lヨウ化リチウム、0.15mol/Lヨウ素、0.5mol/L4−tert−ブチルピリジンを溶解させた電解液を調製した。得られた電解液に対して有機化層状合成粘土鉱物ルーセンタイトSPNを7.5重量%添加した後、乳鉢で混合した。イオン性液体と有機化層状合成粘土鉱物からなる粘稠物質を遠心分離で処理することによりクレイゲル電解質7を得た。
イオン性液体1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドに0.1mol/Lヨウ化リチウム、0.15mol/Lヨウ素、0.5mol/L4−tert−ブチルピリジンを溶解させた電解液を調製した。この電解液に対して有機化層状合成粘土鉱物ルーセンタイトSPNを7.5重量%添加した後、乳鉢で混合することによりイオン性液体と有機化層状合成粘土鉱物からなる粘稠物質クレイゲル電解質8を得た。
イオン性液体1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドに0.1mol/Lヨウ化リチウム、0.15mol/Lヨウ素、0.5mol/L4−tert−ブチルピリジンを溶解させた電解液を調製した。この電解液を、あらかじめアセトニトリル中に膨潤分散させた有機化層状合成粘土鉱物ルーセンタイトSPN分散液に添加した後(混合比はイオン性液体に対してSPNの重量比が7.5重量%)、室温下で3時間撹拌した。撹拌終了後、アセトニトリルを真空留去することにより粘稠物質クレイゲル電解質9を得た。
イオン性液体1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド5mLを、あらかじめトルエン中に膨潤分散させた層状合成粘土鉱物ルーセンタイトSPN570mgに撹拌しながら添加し、室温下で3時間撹拌した(混合比はイオン性液体に対してSPNの重量比が7.5重量%)。撹拌終了後静置することにより分散液は、有機化層状合成粘土鉱物とイオン性液体からなる層とトルエン層に分離した。分散液のトルエン層を除去することにより有機化層状合成粘土鉱物とイオン性液体からなる層を採取した。得られた有機化層状合成粘土鉱物とイオン性液体からなる複合体をトルエンで3回洗浄した後、トルエンを真空留去することにより粘稠物質を得た。得られた粘稠物質に、あらかじめヨウ化リチウム(0.1mol/L)、ヨウ素(0.15mol/L)、4−tert−ブチルピリジン(0.5mol/L)を溶解させたアセトニトリル溶液5mLを添加した後、室温下で3時間撹拌した。撹拌終了後、分散液中のアセトニトリルを真空留去することによりクレイゲル電解質10を得た。
イオン性液体1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドに0.1mol/Lヨウ化リチウム、0.15mol/Lヨウ素、0.5mol/L4−tert−ブチルピリジンを溶解させた電解液を調製した。この電解液を、あらかじめアセトニトリル中に膨潤分散させた有機化層状合成粘土鉱物ルーセンタイトSTN分散液に添加した後(混合比はイオン性液体に対してSPNの重量比が7.5重量%)、室温下で3時間撹拌した。撹拌終了後、アセトニトリルを真空留去することにより粘稠物質クレイゲル電解質11を得た。
イオン性液体1−メチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイドに0.1mol/Lヨウ化リチウム、0.15mol/Lヨウ素、0.5mol/L4−tert−ブチルピリジンを溶解させることによりイオン性液体電解質12を調製した。
イオン性液体1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドに0.1mol/Lヨウ化リチウム、0.15mol/Lヨウ素、0.5mol/L4−tert−ブチルピリジンを溶解させることによりイオン性液体電解質12を調製した。
3−メトキシプロピオニトリルに0.3mol/L1,2−ジメチル−3−プロピルイミダゾゾリウムアイオダイド、0.1mol/Lヨウ化リチウム、0.05mol/Lヨウ素、0.5mol/L4−tert−ブチルピリジンを溶解させることにより有機溶媒電解質14を調製した。
光電極の作製
透明導電性ガラス基板(日本板硝子(株)製、導電膜がフッ素をドープした酸化スズ、シート抵抗8Ω/□)表面に、二酸化チタン粉末(AEROXIDE TiO2 P25、平均粒径25nm、日本アエロジル社製)とアセチルアセトン、蒸留水、及び界面活性剤(TritonX100, Acros Organics社製)とを乳鉢で混合して作製したペーストを塗布、乾燥後、460℃で45分間焼結することにより、透明導電性ガラス基板上に多孔質酸化チタン薄膜を形成させた。この多孔質酸化チタン薄膜を有するガラス基板をルテニウム錯体色素(即ちシス−ジ(チオシアネート−N,N’−ビス(2,2’−ビピリジル−4,4‘−ジカルボン酸)ルテニウム(II)錯体、Solaronix製)のエタノール溶液(濃度3x10-4mol/L)に12時間浸漬させた。アセトニトリルで洗浄後、暗所、窒素気流下で乾燥することにより多孔質酸化チタン薄膜に増感色素を担持させ、光電極として用いた。
透明ガラス基板(日本板硝子(株)製、導電面がフッ素をドープした酸化スズ、シート抵抗8Ω/□)表面にスパッタリング法で厚さ約100nmの白金薄膜を形成させ、この電極を対向電極として用いた。
作製した光電極にクレイゲル電解質1を塗りつけ、これと白金対向電極とを重ね合わせた後、クリップで固定することにより実施例I−1の電池(クレイゲル電解質1を使用)を得た。
クレイゲル電解質1の替わりにクレイゲル電解質2を用いた以外は実施例I−1と同じに電池を作製した。
クレイゲル電解質1の替わりにクレイゲル電解質3を用いた以外は実施例I−1と同じに電池を作製した。
クレイゲル電解質1の替わりにクレイゲル電解質4を用いた以外は実施例I−1と同じに電池を作製した。
クレイゲル電解質1の替わりにクレイゲル電解質5を用いた以外は実施例I−1と同じに電池を作製した。
クレイゲル電解質1の替わりにクレイゲル電解質6を用いた以外は実施例I−1と同じに電池を作製した。
クレイゲル電解質1の替わりにクレイゲル電解質7を用いた以外は実施例I−1と同じに電池を作製した。
クレイゲル電解質1の替わりにクレイゲル電解質8を用いた以外は実施例I−1と同じに電池を作製した。
クレイゲル電解質1の替わりにクレイゲル電解質9を用いた以外は実施例I−1と同じに電池を作製した。
クレイゲル電解質1の替わりにクレイゲル電解質10を用いた以外は実施例I−1と同じに電池を作製した。
クレイゲル電解質1の替わりにクレイゲル電解質11を用いた以外は実施例I−1と同じに電池を作製した。
作製した光電極にイオン性液体電解質12を塗りつけ、これと白金対向電極とを重ね合わせた後、クリップで固定することにより比較例I−1の電池を得た。
イオン性液体電解質11の替わりにイオン性液体電解質12を用いる以外は、比較例I−1と同じに電池を作製した。
作製した光電極と対向電極を重ね合わせ、クリップで2箇所固定した。両電極間の間隙に有機溶媒電解質13を注入して比較例I−3の電池を作製した。
上記実施例I−1〜I−11及び比較例I−1〜比較例I−3の電池に図2に示すように、光源としてソーラーシミュレーターを用い、AM1.5の擬似太陽光を100mW/cm2の光強度で光電極側から照射し、電流電圧測定装置(ケースレーインスツルメンツ社製デジタルソースメーター2400)を用いて短絡電流、開放電圧、曲線因子、変換効率を求めた。各電池の結果を表I−1に示す。また、実施例I−2、実施例I−5、実施例I−9、比較例I−1〜比較例I−3の電池に関しては、電池作製後1週間放置(室温暗所下)した後、電池の電流電圧特性を測定した。電池の初期値及び1週間放置後の測定結果を表I−2に示す。
2 透明導電膜
3 酸化物半導体多孔質膜
4 光電極
5 対向電極
6 電解質層
11 透明基板(ガラス)
12 透明導電膜(FTO)
13 酸化物半導体多孔質膜
14 電解質層
15 対向電極
16 導電膜(白金薄膜又はポリアニリンフィルム)
17 透明導電膜(FTO)
18 対向電極
Claims (6)
- (i)層状合成粘土鉱物及び/又は有機化層状合成粘土鉱物並びに(ii)イオン性液体を含んでなる光電変換素子用電解質。
- 前記層状合成粘土鉱物及び/又は有機化層状合成粘土鉱物が溶媒及び/又はイオン性液体の膨潤分散液から形成されたものである請求項1に記載の光電変換素子用電解質。
- 前記有機化層状合成粘土鉱物が層状合成粘土鉱物の交換無機イオンの少なくとも一部を有機オニウムイオンによってイオン交換されたものである請求項1に記載の光電変換素子用電解質。
- 前記イオン性液体が第4級アンモニウム塩類、イミダゾリウム塩類、ピリジニウム塩類及びピロリジニウム塩類からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子用電解質。
- 透明導電膜と金属酸化物半導体多孔質膜を含む光電極と、この光電極に対向して配置される対向電極と、前記光電極と対向電極との間に配された電解質層とを含んでなり、前記電解質層が請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の電解質である光電変換素子。
- 請求項5に記載の光電変換素子の金属酸化物半導体多孔質膜に光増感色素を担持させてなる色素増感太陽電池。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2008105046A JP4187782B2 (ja) | 2004-03-31 | 2008-04-14 | 光電変換素子用電解質 |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004105439 | 2004-03-31 | ||
JP2004121735 | 2004-04-16 | ||
JP2005002587 | 2005-01-07 | ||
JP2005005332 | 2005-01-12 | ||
JP2008105046A JP4187782B2 (ja) | 2004-03-31 | 2008-04-14 | 光電変換素子用電解質 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006534496A Division JP4187764B2 (ja) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-30 | 光電変換素子及びそれを用いた色素増感太陽電池 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2008251537A true JP2008251537A (ja) | 2008-10-16 |
JP4187782B2 JP4187782B2 (ja) | 2008-11-26 |
Family
ID=35064465
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006534496A Expired - Fee Related JP4187764B2 (ja) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-30 | 光電変換素子及びそれを用いた色素増感太陽電池 |
JP2008105046A Expired - Fee Related JP4187782B2 (ja) | 2004-03-31 | 2008-04-14 | 光電変換素子用電解質 |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006534496A Expired - Fee Related JP4187764B2 (ja) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-30 | 光電変換素子及びそれを用いた色素増感太陽電池 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8481849B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1730757B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP4187764B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005096392A2 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011114915A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-09-22 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 光電変換素子用電解質ならびにその電解質を用いた光電変換素子および色素増感太陽電池 |
WO2012117867A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-02 | 2012-09-07 | ソニー株式会社 | 光電変換素子、光電変換素子の製造方法および電子機器 |
KR101539991B1 (ko) | 2014-03-28 | 2015-08-17 | 주식회사 디엠에스 | 이온성 액체를 이용한 유기재료 정제 방법 및 장치 |
WO2015147487A1 (ko) * | 2014-03-28 | 2015-10-01 | 주식회사 디엠에스 | 이온성 액체를 이용한 유기재료 정제 방법 및 장치 |
Families Citing this family (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4772347B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-11 | 2011-09-14 | 信越ポリマー株式会社 | 帯電防止塗料の製造方法および帯電防止性ハードコート層の製造方法 |
CN101921478B (zh) * | 2005-03-11 | 2012-05-30 | 信越聚合物株式会社 | 导电性高分子溶液的制造方法 |
CA2541232A1 (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2007-09-29 | Transfert Plus, S.E.C. | Redox couples, compositions and uses thereof |
JP4895361B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-05 | 2012-03-14 | 日本カーリット株式会社 | 色素増感太陽電池用の電解質−触媒複合電極、及びその製造方法並びにこれを備えた色素増感太陽電池 |
JP4156012B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-14 | 2008-09-24 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 色素増感太陽電池及びその電解質 |
KR100821524B1 (ko) * | 2006-10-24 | 2008-04-14 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 염료 감응 태양전지용 산화물 전극의 제조방법 및 이를이용한 염료 감응 태양전지 |
JP2010192863A (ja) * | 2008-05-23 | 2010-09-02 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 有機光電変換素子およびその製造方法 |
TW201024267A (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-07-01 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Electrolyte composition and dye-sensitized solar cell using the same |
TWI403357B (zh) * | 2009-04-23 | 2013-08-01 | Univ Nat Taiwan | Organic / inorganic complex dispersants containing inorganic clay and organic surfactants |
DE112010001803B4 (de) | 2009-04-30 | 2018-02-08 | The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. | Elektrolyt für farbstoffsensibilisierte Solarzellen sowie farbstoffsensibilisierte Solarzelle, die den Elektrolyten verwendet |
JP2010277854A (ja) * | 2009-05-28 | 2010-12-09 | Tdk Corp | 色素増感型太陽電池、及び、色素増感型太陽電池用の有機溶媒非含有電解質 |
JP5604969B2 (ja) * | 2010-05-14 | 2014-10-15 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 光電変換素子用電解質、光電変換素子、および、色素増感太陽電池 |
CA2808849A1 (en) | 2010-08-20 | 2012-02-23 | Rhodia Operations | Polymer compositions, polymer films, polymer gels, polymer foams, and electronic devices containing such films, gels, and foams |
DE112011102797B4 (de) | 2010-08-25 | 2021-07-22 | The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. | Elektrolyt für photoelektrisches Umwandlungselement, photoelektrisches Umwandlungselement, das den Elektrolyten verwendet, und farbstoffsensibilisierte Solarzelle, die den Elektrolyten verwendet |
EP2624305A4 (en) * | 2010-09-27 | 2017-10-04 | Ocean's King Lighting Science&Technology Co., Ltd. | Counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell and manufacturing method thereof |
WO2012050140A1 (ja) * | 2010-10-12 | 2012-04-19 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 光電変換素子用電解質ならびにその電解質を用いた光電変換素子および色素増感太陽電池 |
JP4973816B2 (ja) | 2010-10-29 | 2012-07-11 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 光電変換素子用電解質ならびにその電解質を用いた光電変換素子および色素増感太陽電池 |
ITRM20110184A1 (it) * | 2011-04-12 | 2012-10-13 | Dyepower | Procedimento di sinterizzazione di formulazioni a base di ossidi metallici. |
US9073937B2 (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2015-07-07 | Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Alabama | Organic photovoltaic-battery hybrid device |
JP5874140B2 (ja) | 2011-12-28 | 2016-03-02 | 株式会社Adeka | 色素増感太陽電池 |
US9496095B2 (en) | 2012-03-07 | 2016-11-15 | Adeka Corporation | Compound and carrier system having the compound |
JP6051567B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-09 | 2016-12-27 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 光電変換素子用電解質ならびにその電解質を用いた光電変換素子および色素増感太陽電池 |
JP6003175B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-17 | 2016-10-05 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 光電変換素子用電解質ならびにその電解質を用いた光電変換素子および色素増感太陽電池 |
ES2865440T3 (es) | 2012-08-15 | 2021-10-15 | Lockheed Martin Energy Llc | Hexacianuros de hierro de alta solubilidad |
CN104769045B (zh) | 2012-12-28 | 2018-04-03 | 株式会社艾迪科 | 担载体和光电转换元件 |
TW201527348A (zh) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-07-16 | Rhodia Operations | 含有導電圖案之聚合物膜、凝膠、和泡沫,以及含有此類膜、凝膠、和泡沫之電子裝置 |
EP3104383A4 (en) | 2014-02-06 | 2017-09-20 | Adeka Corporation | Carrier and photoelectric conversion element |
CN110998769B (zh) * | 2017-07-21 | 2022-07-01 | 日本精工株式会社 | 染料敏化型光电转换元件 |
CN109616326B (zh) * | 2019-01-09 | 2020-07-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种一步电沉积制备导电玻璃基底/离子液体掺杂的n型聚苯胺薄膜的方法和应用 |
Family Cites Families (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS62105378A (ja) * | 1985-11-01 | 1987-05-15 | Hitachi Ltd | 光電気化学素子 |
CH674596A5 (ja) | 1988-02-12 | 1990-06-15 | Sulzer Ag | |
US5188768A (en) * | 1990-05-30 | 1993-02-23 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Solid form electrolyte composites |
JP2882892B2 (ja) | 1991-04-23 | 1999-04-12 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 導電性高分子/高分子電解質複合体フィルムの形成方法 |
WO1992022911A1 (en) | 1991-06-12 | 1992-12-23 | Uniax Corporation | Processible forms of electrically conductive polyaniline and conductive products formed therefrom |
US5624605A (en) | 1991-06-12 | 1997-04-29 | Uniax Corporation | Processible forms of electrically conductive polyaniline |
US5232631A (en) | 1991-06-12 | 1993-08-03 | Uniax Corporation | Processible forms of electrically conductive polyaniline |
US5626795A (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1997-05-06 | Uniax Corporation | Optical quality transparent conductors |
JP3426637B2 (ja) | 1993-03-29 | 2003-07-14 | 憲幸 倉本 | ポリアニリンまたはポリアニリン導電性薄膜の製造方法 |
WO1995018456A1 (fr) | 1993-12-29 | 1995-07-06 | Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne | Pile photo-electrochimique et electrolyte pour cette pile |
JP3374697B2 (ja) * | 1997-02-28 | 2003-02-10 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 粘土複合ゴム材料及びその製造方法 |
JP2001522898A (ja) | 1997-11-07 | 2001-11-20 | コーニング コミュニケーションズ リミテッド | 導電性ポリマー組成物 |
DE19835615A1 (de) | 1998-08-06 | 2000-02-10 | Basf Ag | Für elektrochemische Zellen geeignete Zusammensetzungen |
DE19929509A1 (de) | 1999-06-29 | 2001-01-11 | Inst Angewandte Photovoltaik G | Photoelektrochemische Zelle und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Gegenelektrode für eine photoelektrochemische Zelle |
JP4763120B2 (ja) * | 2000-06-15 | 2011-08-31 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 光電変換素子およびこれを用いた光電池 |
CN1454400A (zh) * | 2000-10-20 | 2003-11-05 | 大日本油墨化学工业株式会社 | 高分子固体电解质及采用该电解质的电池 |
JP4963751B2 (ja) | 2000-12-06 | 2012-06-27 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 電解液 |
JP2002298935A (ja) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-10-11 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 電解質、及び光電気化学電池 |
WO2003054894A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-03 | Sony International (Europe) Gmbh | A polymer gel hybrid solar cell |
JP2003272439A (ja) | 2002-03-20 | 2003-09-26 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 複合高分子電解質、並びにこれを用いた電気化学デバイス及び燃料電池 |
FR2841255B1 (fr) | 2002-06-21 | 2005-10-28 | Inst Nat Polytech Grenoble | Materiau a conduction ionique renforce, son utilisation dans les electrodes et les electrolytes |
AU2003254820A1 (en) * | 2002-08-13 | 2004-03-03 | Bridgestone Corporation | Improvement of dye-sensitized solar cell |
KR100540157B1 (ko) * | 2003-10-01 | 2006-01-10 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 복합 고분자 전해질을 포함하는 고체상 염료감응 태양전지 |
EP1622178A1 (en) * | 2004-07-29 | 2006-02-01 | Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) | 2,2 -Bipyridine ligand, sensitizing dye and dye sensitized solar cell |
-
2005
- 2005-03-30 US US10/585,121 patent/US8481849B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-03-30 WO PCT/JP2005/006716 patent/WO2005096392A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-03-30 EP EP05728642.9A patent/EP1730757B1/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-03-30 JP JP2006534496A patent/JP4187764B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-04-14 JP JP2008105046A patent/JP4187782B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011114915A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-09-22 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 光電変換素子用電解質ならびにその電解質を用いた光電変換素子および色素増感太陽電池 |
JP2011216461A (ja) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-10-27 | Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The | 光電変換素子用電解質ならびにその電解質を用いた光電変換素子および色素増感太陽電池 |
WO2012117867A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-02 | 2012-09-07 | ソニー株式会社 | 光電変換素子、光電変換素子の製造方法および電子機器 |
KR101539991B1 (ko) | 2014-03-28 | 2015-08-17 | 주식회사 디엠에스 | 이온성 액체를 이용한 유기재료 정제 방법 및 장치 |
WO2015147487A1 (ko) * | 2014-03-28 | 2015-10-01 | 주식회사 디엠에스 | 이온성 액체를 이용한 유기재료 정제 방법 및 장치 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2005096392A3 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
JP4187782B2 (ja) | 2008-11-26 |
WO2005096392A2 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
US20070275546A1 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
US8481849B2 (en) | 2013-07-09 |
JP4187764B2 (ja) | 2008-11-26 |
JP2007531206A (ja) | 2007-11-01 |
EP1730757B1 (en) | 2016-11-09 |
EP1730757A2 (en) | 2006-12-13 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP4187782B2 (ja) | 光電変換素子用電解質 | |
JP4156012B2 (ja) | 色素増感太陽電池及びその電解質 | |
JP5143476B2 (ja) | 光電変換素子 | |
JP4190511B2 (ja) | 導電性ポリアニリン分散液から形成された色素増感太陽電池の光電変換素子用導電基板並びにその基板を用いた色素増感太陽電池 | |
JP5475145B2 (ja) | 光電変換素子 | |
KR20120034586A (ko) | 색소 증감 광전 변환 소자 및 그 제조 방법 및 전자 기기 | |
JP4280020B2 (ja) | 光電変換用酸化物半導体電極および色素増感型太陽電池 | |
JPWO2013018711A1 (ja) | 色素増感太陽電池 | |
US20100300537A1 (en) | Dye-sensitized solar cell and organic solvent-free electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cell | |
JP2007073346A (ja) | 色素増感太陽電池 | |
JP2015141955A (ja) | 光電変換素子 | |
JP2015115110A (ja) | 色素増感太陽電池の製造方法および色素増感太陽電池 | |
JP2007200714A (ja) | 色素増感型太陽電池及びその製造方法 | |
JP5960033B2 (ja) | 酸化還元対およびそれを用いた光電変換素子 | |
JP6218046B2 (ja) | 色素増感太陽電池 | |
JP2011150881A (ja) | 光電変換素子、光センサ、および、太陽電池 | |
KR20130080998A (ko) | 플루오렌 유도체 및 그의 염 | |
WO2014054758A1 (ja) | 色素増感太陽電池 | |
JP2011150883A (ja) | 光電変換素子、光センサ、および、太陽電池 | |
JP2011165423A (ja) | 光電変換素子 | |
KR101267906B1 (ko) | 염료감응 태양전지용 전해질, 이를 포함하는 염료감응 태양전지 및 이들의 제조방법 | |
JP2015222793A (ja) | 光電変換素子 | |
KR20130081000A (ko) | 플루오렌 유도체 및 그의 염 | |
JP2014222580A (ja) | 光電変換素子用電解質ならびにその電解質を用いた光電変換素子および色素増感太陽電池 | |
JP2014093252A (ja) | 色素増感太陽電池 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20080715 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20080812 |
|
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20080909 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 4187782 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110919 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110919 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110919 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110919 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120919 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120919 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120919 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130919 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |