JP5874140B2 - 色素増感太陽電池 - Google Patents
色素増感太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5874140B2 JP5874140B2 JP2011288918A JP2011288918A JP5874140B2 JP 5874140 B2 JP5874140 B2 JP 5874140B2 JP 2011288918 A JP2011288918 A JP 2011288918A JP 2011288918 A JP2011288918 A JP 2011288918A JP 5874140 B2 JP5874140 B2 JP 5874140B2
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- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- SQFDQLBYJKFDDO-UHFFFAOYSA-K merbromin Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C=12C=C(Br)C(=O)C=C2OC=2C([Hg]O)=C([O-])C(Br)=CC=2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O SQFDQLBYJKFDDO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940008716 mercurochrome Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- LKKPNUDVOYAOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C(N=C3C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=C2C(C=CC=C2)=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C2C4=N1 LKKPNUDVOYAOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002791 naphthoquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004043 oxo group Chemical group O=* 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005740 oxycarbonyl group Chemical group [*:1]OC([*:2])=O 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SJHHDDDGXWOYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxytitamium phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Ti+2]=O.C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 SJHHDDDGXWOYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical group CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UQFSVBXCNGCBBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium iodide Chemical compound [I-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC UQFSVBXCNGCBBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KCSOHLKZTZMKQA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraheptylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCCCCC[N+](CCCCCCC)(CCCCCCC)CCCCCCC KCSOHLKZTZMKQA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VRKHAMWCGMJAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrahexylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCCCC[N+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC VRKHAMWCGMJAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- FBLZDUAOBOMSNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapentylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCCC[N+](CCCCC)(CCCCC)CCCCC FBLZDUAOBOMSNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GKXDJYKZFZVASJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC GKXDJYKZFZVASJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000007944 thiolates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- KKLAORVGAKUOPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(phenyl)azanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 KKLAORVGAKUOPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
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Description
上記電解質含有層又は固体電荷移動層に塩基性化合物を含み、光触媒膜が、下記一般式(1)で表される色素化合物を含む酸化物半導体層により形成されることを特徴とする色素増感太陽電池を提供するものである。
作用電極10は、外部回路に対して、負極として機能するものである。導電性基板11は、例えば、絶縁性の基板11Aの表面に導電層11Bを設けたものである。
上記一般式(1)におけるYが表す基は、2価の基であり、−CO−NR4−若しくは−SO2−NR4−を有する置換されていてもよい炭素原子数1〜20の炭化水素基又は直接結合である。置換されていてもよい炭化水素基としては、脂肪族炭化水素基、無置換芳香族炭化水素基、脂肪族炭化水素基で置換された芳香族炭化水素基、無置換ヘテロ環基又は脂肪族炭化水素基で置換されたヘテロ環基が挙げられる。
炭素原子数1〜4の脂肪族炭化水素基としては、例えば、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、s−ブチル、t−ブチル、イソブチル、シクロプロピル、シクロブチル等の直鎖、分岐鎖又は環状のアルキル基が挙げられ、炭素原子数1〜4の脂肪族炭化水素基は、−O−、−COO−、−OCO−、−CO−、−S−、−SO−、−SO2−、−NR10−、−C=C−又は−C≡C−で中断されていてもよく、R10は炭素原子数1〜4の脂肪族炭化水素基であり、その例としては上記炭素原子数1〜4の脂肪族炭化水素基と同じであり、中断する基に炭素原子を含む場合、中断される基を含めた炭素原子数が1〜4である。
上記芳香族炭化水素環基としては、無置換芳香族炭化水素環基又は脂肪族炭化水素基で置換された芳香族炭化水素環基等が挙げられ、上記芳香族ヘテロ環基としては、無置換芳香族ヘテロ環基又は脂肪族炭化水素基で置換された芳香族ヘテロ環基等が挙げられる。
炭素原子数1〜20の脂肪族炭化水素基としては、例えば、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、s−ブチル、t−ブチル、イソブチル、アミル、イソアミル、t−アミル、ヘキシル、ヘプチル、イソヘプチル、t−ヘプチル、n−オクチル、イソオクチル、t−オクチル、ノニル、シクロプロピル、シクロブチル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロヘプチル、シクロオクチル、シクロノニル、シクロデシル等の直鎖、分岐鎖又は環状のアルキル基が挙げられ、炭素原子数1〜20の脂肪族炭化水素基は、−O−、−COO−、−OCO−、−CO−、−S−、−SO−、−SO2−、−NR9−、−C=C−又は−C≡C−で中断されていてもよく、R9は炭素原子数1〜20の脂肪族炭化水素基であり、その例としては上記炭素原子数1〜20の脂肪族炭化水素基と同じであり、中断する基に炭素原子を含む場合、中断される基を含めた炭素原子数が1〜20である。
上記の置換されていてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基としては、例えば前述の炭素原子数1〜20の脂肪族炭化水素基が挙げられ、それらを置換してもよい置換基は、芳香族炭化水素環基及び芳香族ヘテロ環基を置換してもよい基として挙げたものと同様である。
R7及びR8で表される上記の置換されていてもよい炭化水素基は、R1、R2及びR3で表される置換されていてもよい炭化水素基として後に挙げるものと同様である。
尚、以下には、置換基を有していないものを示しているが、上記の通り、A1は置換基を有していてもよく、A2中の水素原子は置換基で置換されていてもよい。また、以下のA(16)〜(36)において、複数の環にまたがって記載されている結合手は、それらの環を構成する炭素原子のいずれかに結合することを意味する(以下同様)。
上記芳香族炭化水素基としては、フェニル、ナフチル、シクロヘキシルフェニル、ビフェニル、ターフェニル、フルオレイル、チオフェニルフェニル、フラニルフェニル、2’−フェニル−プロピルフェニル、ベンジル又はナフチルメチル等が挙げられ、上記脂肪族炭化水素基としては、例えばA1の説明で用いた炭素原子数1〜20の脂肪族炭化水素基が挙げられ、上記脂肪族炭化水素基で置換された芳香族炭化水素基としては、上記脂肪族炭化水素基で置換されたフェニル、ナフチル又はベンジル等が挙げられる。
これらの炭化水素基を置換してもよい基としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、水酸基、チオール基又は−NR7R8基等が挙げられ、R7及びR8が表す基は、A2において説明したR7及びR8と同様である。
上記式(2−4)及び(2−5)において、M2の金属元素としては、4配位又は6配位が可能な金属を表し、好ましくはRu、Fe、Os、Cu、W、Cr、Mo、Ni、Pd、Pt、Co、Ir、Rh、Re、Mn又はZnであり、更に好ましくはRu、Fe、Os又はCuであり、特に好ましくはRuである。
尚、下記部分構造(3)及び(3−1)〜(3−8)において、A1からA2への結合手は記載を省略している。下記部分構造(3−1)〜(3−8)においては、A1からA2への結合手は、芳香族炭化水素環及び芳香族ヘテロ環を構成するいずれの炭素原子に付いていてもよい。
また、Yが基中に−CO−NR4−又は−SO2−NR4−を有する置換されていてもよい炭素原子数1〜20の炭化水素基である化合物は、カルボン酸基を有する共役体のカルボン酸を酸クロリドへ変換した後、シリル基を有する1級又は2級アミン化合物を反応させることにより得られる。尚、反応に用いる試薬は必要に応じて変更してもよく、また、カルボン酸の替わりにスルホン酸を用いた場合も同様に合成できる。
有機金属錯体化合物としては、芳香族複素環内にある窒素アニオンと金属カチオンとで形成されるイオン性の配位結合と、窒素原子又はカルコゲン原子と金属カチオンとの間に形成される非イオン性配位結合の両方を有する有機金属錯体化合物や、酸素アニオン又は硫黄アニオンと金属カチオンとで形成されるイオン性の配位結合と、窒素原子又はカルコゲン原子と金属カチオンとの間に形成される非イオン性配位結合の両方を有する有機金属錯体化合物等が挙げられる。具体的には、銅フタロシアニン、チタニルフタロシアニン、コバルトフタロシアニン、ニッケルフタロシアニン、鉄フタロシアニン等の金属フタロシアニン系色素、金属ナフタロシアニン系色素、金属ポルフィリン系色素、金属アザポルフィリン系色素ならびにルテニウム、鉄、オスミウムを用いたビピリジル金属錯体、ターピリジル金属錯体、フェナントロリン金属錯体、ビシンコニン酸金属錯体、アゾ金属錯体あるいはキノリノール金属錯体等のルテニウム錯体等が挙げられる。
まず、縦2.0cm×横1.5cm×厚さ1.1mmの導電性ガラス基板(F−SnO2)よりなる導電性基板11を用意した。続いて、導電性基板11の、縦0.5cm×横0.5cmの四角形を囲むように厚さ70μmのマスキングテープを貼り、この四角形の部分に金属酸化物スラリー3cm3を一様の厚さとなるように塗布して乾燥させた。金属酸化物スラリーとしては、10重量%となるように酸化チタン粉末(TiO2、Solaronix社製Ti−NanoxideD)を、水に懸濁したものを用いた。続いて、導電性基板11上のマスキングテープを剥がし取り、この基板を電気炉により450℃で焼成し、厚さ約5μmの金属酸化物半導体層12を形成した。続いて、化合物No.1を3×10-4mol/dm3の濃度になるようにトルエンに溶解させて、色素溶液を調製した。続いて、光触媒膜12(金属酸化物半導体層)が形成された導電性基板11を上記の色素溶液に浸漬し、色素13を担持させた作用電極10を作製した。
作製した作用電極10を25℃、4時間の条件で、剥離液(0.5M 4−t−ブチルピリジン/アセトニトリル:水=10:1)に浸漬した。剥離液浸漬前の色素担持量(色素のλmaxにおけるAbs.)を100としたときの、剥離液浸漬後の色素担持量を、耐剥離性として〔表1〕に示した。剥離後の色素担持量が100に近いほど耐剥離性が高いといえる。尚、剥離液は、塩基性化合物(4−t−ブチルピリジン)を含有する電解質組成物を表すものであり、10%添加している水は、色素剥離を加速させる劣化促進剤である。
化合物No.1を〔表1〕に示す化合物に替えた以外は実施例1−1と同様の操作により、各化合物を担持させた作用電極10を作製し、色素の耐剥離性を求めた。結果を〔表1〕に示す。
実施例1−1と同様の手順で作製した作用電極10を、予め作製した2種の剥離液(塩基性化合物を含有する剥離液a及び塩基性化合物を含有しない剥離液a’)に25℃、4時間の条件でそれぞれ浸漬させ、下記式により剥離パラメータを算出した。
剥離パラメータ=(塩基性化合物有の場合の色素残存率)/(塩基性化合物無の場合の色素残存率)
剥離パラメータの数値が大きいほど塩基性化合物を含有する電解液において色素の保持効果が高いといえる。尚、色素担持量は実施例1−1と同様の手法により求めた。結果を〔表3A〕に示す。
<剥離液a> 0.5M 4−t−ブチルピリジン/アセトニトリル:水=10:1
<剥離液a’> アセトニトリル:水=10:1
色素化合物、酸化物半導体及び剥離液を〔表2〕、〔表3A〕及び〔表3B〕に示すものに変更した以外は実施例2−1と同様の操作により、剥離パラメータを算出した。結果を〔表3A〕及び〔表3B〕に示す。
TBP:t−ブチルピリジン
NMB:N−メチルベンズイミダゾール
GuSCN:チオシアン酸グアニジン
DMPII:1−プロピル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウムヨージド
TMSP:4−トリメチルシリルピリジン
11A 基板
11B 導電層
12 光触媒膜
12A 緻密層
12B 多孔質層
13 色素
20 対向電極
21 基板
22 導電層
30 電解質含有層
Claims (6)
- 光触媒膜を有する作用電極と、対向電極と、電解質含有層又は固体電荷移動層とを具備する色素増感太陽電池であって、
上記電解質含有層又は固体電荷移動層に塩基性化合物を含み、光触媒膜が、下記一般式(1)で表される色素化合物を含む酸化物半導体層により形成されることを特徴とする色素増感太陽電池。
- 上記一般式(1)におけるZが、下記部分構造式(2−1)〜(2−5)の何れかで表される請求項1に記載の色素増感太陽電池。
- 塩基性化合物がピリジン誘導体、イミダゾール誘導体又はグアニジン塩である請求項1〜3の何れかに記載の色素増感太陽電池。
- 電解質含有層が溶媒を含む層であって、該溶媒に少なくとも3−メトキシプロピオニトリル、プロピレンカーボネート又は3−メチル−1−プロピルイミダゾリウムヨージドを含有することを特徴とする請求項1〜4の何れかに記載の色素増感太陽電池。
- 酸化物半導体層を構成する酸化物半導体が酸化チタン又は酸化亜鉛である請求項1〜5の何れかに記載の色素増感太陽電池。
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