WO2013099492A1 - 色素増感太陽電池 - Google Patents
色素増感太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013099492A1 WO2013099492A1 PCT/JP2012/080606 JP2012080606W WO2013099492A1 WO 2013099492 A1 WO2013099492 A1 WO 2013099492A1 JP 2012080606 W JP2012080606 W JP 2012080606W WO 2013099492 A1 WO2013099492 A1 WO 2013099492A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group
- dye
- optionally substituted
- atom
- hydrocarbon group
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 10
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IVCMUVGRRDWTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-methyl-3-propylimidazol-1-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IVCMUVGRRDWTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical group O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OOWFYDWAMOKVSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxypropanenitrile Chemical compound COCCC#N OOWFYDWAMOKVSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002357 guanidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 9
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 28
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 94
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 85
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 77
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 49
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 49
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 11
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 9
- YSHMQTRICHYLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butylpyridine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 YSHMQTRICHYLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FGYADSCZTQOAFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylbenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C)C=NC2=C1 FGYADSCZTQOAFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PYUVWRKNVLSJJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(pyridin-4-yl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 PYUVWRKNVLSJJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- ISHFYECQSXFODS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazol-1-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1C ISHFYECQSXFODS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920010524 Syndiotactic polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005370 alkoxysilyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGKVXWDADKTZHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azaporphyrin Chemical compound C1=C(N=2)C=CC=2C=C(N=2)C=CC=2C=C(N2)C=CC2=CC2=CNC1=N2 QGKVXWDADKTZHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001787 chalcogens Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 2
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 2
- MURGITYSBWUQTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1C2=CC=C(O)C=C2OC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 MURGITYSBWUQTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001543 furan-2,5-diyl group Chemical group O1C(=CC=C1*)* 0.000 description 2
- ZJYYHGLJYGJLLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidinium thiocyanate Chemical compound SC#N.NC(N)=N ZJYYHGLJYGJLLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RHZWSUVWRRXEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium tin Chemical compound [In].[Sn] RHZWSUVWRRXEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000001007 phthalocyanine dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3alpha,5alpha,7alpha,12alpha)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-cholan-24-oic acid Natural products OC1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(O)=O)C)C1(C)C(O)C2 BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNRXCKZMQLFUPL-WBMZRJHASA-N (3r,4s,5s,6r,7r,9r,11r,12r,13s,14r)-6-[(2s,3r,4s,6r)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-[(2r,4r,5s,6s)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-oxacyclotetradecane-2,10-dione;(2r,3 Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O.O([C@@H]1[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@]([C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](C)C[C@@](C)(O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](C)O2)N(C)C)O)[C@H]1C)(C)O)CC)[C@H]1C[C@@](C)(OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 NNRXCKZMQLFUPL-WBMZRJHASA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M (4z)-1-(3-methylbutyl)-4-[[1-(3-methylbutyl)quinolin-1-ium-4-yl]methylidene]quinoline;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C12=CC=CC=C2N(CCC(C)C)C=CC1=CC1=CC=[N+](CCC(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C12 QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXLZUALXSYVAIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1C MXLZUALXSYVAIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLQPXITZUWFRPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-oxazole;hydroiodide Chemical compound [I-].C1=COC=[NH+]1 DLQPXITZUWFRPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTFLUVRZOBQTBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-thiazol-3-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C1=CSC=[NH+]1 QTFLUVRZOBQTBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEBVLXFERQHONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide Chemical compound CCCCN1CCCCC1C(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C LEBVLXFERQHONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEVSHJVOKFWBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-2-methylquinolin-1-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C1=CC=C2[N+](CC)=C(C)C=CC2=C1 OEVSHJVOKFWBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVDDUSFOSWWJJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-propylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 WVDDUSFOSWWJJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 1H-indol-1-ium Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[NH2+]C=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- JBOIAZWJIACNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazole;hydroiodide Chemical class [I-].[NH2+]1C=CN=C1 JBOIAZWJIACNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFNKZQNIXUFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC(Cl)=C(O)C=C1OC1=C2C=C(Cl)C(O)=C1 VFNKZQNIXUFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBUKAOOFKZFCGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropan-1-ol Chemical compound OCC(F)(F)C(F)F NBUKAOOFKZFCGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMHSUNDEGHRBNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dichloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClC1=NC=C(C#N)C(Cl)=N1 KMHSUNDEGHRBNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYGWXUKNSOHFJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-(3-ethyl-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium-5-yl)ethanol;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CC[N+]1=CSC(CCO)=C1C FYGWXUKNSOHFJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKPVEISEHYYHRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyacetonitrile Chemical compound COCC#N QKPVEISEHYYHRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound COCCOC(C)=O XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003229 2-methylhexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- DVUWFIWQOSNKQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3',6'-dihydroxy-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodospiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one;sodium Chemical compound [Na].[Na].O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1OC1=C(I)C(O)=C(I)C=C21 DVUWFIWQOSNKQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFLYBWGSQGMWHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+]=1C=CNC=1 VFLYBWGSQGMWHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDTNHRWWURISAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4',5'-dibromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C(Br)=C1OC1=C(Br)C(O)=CC=C21 ZDTNHRWWURISAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910016467 AlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical group N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CYVJETAPYINMAB-LZWSPWQCSA-N C/C=C(\C(CC=O)=C1C)/c2c3c1cccc3ccc2 Chemical compound C/C=C(\C(CC=O)=C1C)/c2c3c1cccc3ccc2 CYVJETAPYINMAB-LZWSPWQCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004380 Cholic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ULGZDMOVFRHVEP-RWJQBGPGSA-N Erythromycin Natural products O([C@@H]1[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@]([C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](C)C[C@@](C)(O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](C)O2)N(C)C)O)[C@H]1C)(C)O)CC)[C@H]1C[C@@](C)(OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 ULGZDMOVFRHVEP-RWJQBGPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical group FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 235000000177 Indigofera tinctoria Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192627 Naphthoquinone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFFFKMOABOFIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCC#N RFFFKMOABOFIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O Piperidinium(1+) Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]CC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrazolium Chemical compound C1=CN[NH+]=C1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrrolidinium ion Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]C1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinacridone Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC1=C2 NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001409 amidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001000 anthraquinone dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- WDEQGLDWZMIMJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl 4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound OCC1CC(O)CN1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WDEQGLDWZMIMJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFYNADDZULBEJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bicinchoninic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(C=3C=C(C4=CC=CC=C4N=3)C(=O)O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C21 AFYNADDZULBEJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acetate Chemical class CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyronitrile Chemical compound CCCC#N KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium iodide Chemical compound [I-].[Cs+] XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UOCJDOLVGGIYIQ-PBFPGSCMSA-N cefatrizine Chemical group S([C@@H]1[C@@H](C(N1C=1C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](N)C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)CC=1CSC=1C=NNN=1 UOCJDOLVGGIYIQ-PBFPGSCMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroform Substances ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002471 cholic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019416 cholic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- MPMSMUBQXQALQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Co+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 MPMSMUBQXQALQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDZKZMQQDCHTNF-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);thiocyanate Chemical compound [Cu+].[S-]C#N PDZKZMQQDCHTNF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006547 cyclononyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N deoxycholic acid Natural products C1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(O)=O)C)C1(C)C(O)C2 KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005266 diarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WMKGGPCROCCUDY-PHEQNACWSA-N dibenzylideneacetone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WMKGGPCROCCUDY-PHEQNACWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- SEACYXSIPDVVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-L eosin Y Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=C2C=C(Br)C(=O)C(Br)=C2OC2=C(Br)C([O-])=C(Br)C=C21 SEACYXSIPDVVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940098008 erythrocin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005678 ethenylene group Chemical group [H]C([*:1])=C([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoren-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002143 fluorescein Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;1,3-oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=[NH+]1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=C[NH+]=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940097275 indigo Drugs 0.000 description 1
- COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indigo powder Natural products N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1 COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079865 intestinal antiinfectives imidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002497 iodine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- SQFDQLBYJKFDDO-UHFFFAOYSA-K merbromin Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C=12C=C(Br)C(=O)C=C2OC=2C([Hg]O)=C([O-])C(Br)=CC=2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O SQFDQLBYJKFDDO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940008716 mercurochrome Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- LKKPNUDVOYAOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C(N=C3C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=C2C(C=CC=C2)=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C2C4=N1 LKKPNUDVOYAOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002791 naphthoquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004923 naphthylmethyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004043 oxo group Chemical group O=* 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005740 oxycarbonyl group Chemical group [*:1]OC([*:2])=O 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJHHDDDGXWOYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxytitamium phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Ti+2]=O.C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 SJHHDDDGXWOYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGBWPZSGHAXYGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N perinone Chemical compound C12=NC3=CC=CC=C3N2C(=O)C2=CC=C3C4=C2C1=CC=C4C(=O)N1C2=CC=CC=C2N=C13 DGBWPZSGHAXYGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJDYCCHRZIFCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;iodide Chemical class I.C1=CC=NC=C1 BJDYCCHRZIFCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229940079877 pyrogallol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-2-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(=O)C=CC2=C1 LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical group CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UQFSVBXCNGCBBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium iodide Chemical compound [I-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC UQFSVBXCNGCBBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KCSOHLKZTZMKQA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraheptylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCCCCC[N+](CCCCCCC)(CCCCCCC)CCCCCCC KCSOHLKZTZMKQA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VRKHAMWCGMJAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrahexylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCCCC[N+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC VRKHAMWCGMJAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- FBLZDUAOBOMSNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapentylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCCC[N+](CCCCC)(CCCCC)CCCCC FBLZDUAOBOMSNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GKXDJYKZFZVASJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC GKXDJYKZFZVASJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000007944 thiolates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KKLAORVGAKUOPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(phenyl)azanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 KKLAORVGAKUOPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/204—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising zinc oxides, e.g. ZnO
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0046—Ruthenium compounds
- C07F15/0053—Ruthenium compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F17/00—Metallocenes
- C07F17/02—Metallocenes of metals of Groups 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B69/00—Dyes not provided for by a single group of this subclass
- C09B69/008—Dyes containing a substituent, which contains a silicium atom
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/40—Organosilicon compounds, e.g. TIPS pentacene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/652—Cyanine dyes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/344—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising ruthenium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/371—Metal complexes comprising a group IB metal element, e.g. comprising copper, gold or silver
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/381—Metal complexes comprising a group IIB metal element, e.g. comprising cadmium, mercury or zinc
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dye-sensitized solar cell using an oxide semiconductor layer containing a sensitizing dye having a specific structure in a dye-sensitized solar cell having a basic compound in an electrolyte-containing layer or a solid charge transfer layer.
- Dye-sensitized solar cells are (1) the cost of manufacturing is expected to be 1/5 to 1/10 that of silicon solar cells, and are inexpensive. (2) CO 2 emissions during production The amount is less than 1/10 of single crystal silicon solar cells, and is small, (3) Energy payback time or CO 2 payback time is less than half that of polycrystalline silicon solar cells, and short, (4) Resource constraints on raw materials Excellent features such as (5) excellent design and workability, easy to enlarge, (6) relatively high photoelectric conversion efficiency of 10% or more comparable to amorphous silicon solar cells. Therefore, development research is actively promoted as a next-generation solar cell that replaces the silicon-based solar cell.
- FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 schematically show a cross-sectional configuration of an example of a conventional dye-sensitized solar cell
- FIG. 2 extracts the main part of the dye-sensitized solar cell shown in FIG. It is shown enlarged.
- a working electrode 10 made of a substrate 11A on which a conductive layer 11B and a metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 are laminated and a counter electrode 20 are arranged to face each other with an electrolyte-containing layer 30 interposed therebetween.
- at least one of the working electrode 10 and the counter electrode 20 is an electrode having optical transparency.
- Non-patent Documents 1 and 2 are attracting attention because the conductive layer 11B need not be transparent if the substrate 11A is transparent, and can be manufactured at low cost. In the case of taking the configuration of FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, it is necessary to use a conductive layer 11B that can permeate a porous or lattice electrolyte component (Non-patent Documents 1 and 2).
- the dye-sensitized solar cell is composed of a working electrode (photoelectric conversion element) 10 and a counter electrode 20, and an electrolyte-containing layer (electrolyte) 30 portion sandwiched between the two electrodes.
- the working electrode 10 is formed by applying and baking nano-sized metal oxide semiconductor particles 12B on the conductive layer side on which the conductive layer 11B is formed on the surface of the substrate 11A such as glass to form the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12. It is produced by immobilizing the dye 13 on the metal oxide semiconductor particles by chemical and physical adsorption.
- the counter electrode 20 has a conductive layer 22 formed on the surface of a base material 21 such as glass, and is produced by performing a catalytic amount of platinum treatment or conductive carbon treatment on the conductive layer side.
- the working electrode 10 and the counter electrode 20 are overlapped, and an electrolyte composition containing the iodine compound (electrolyte-containing layer 30) is injected between the electrodes 10 and 20, thereby producing a solar cell.
- the power generation mechanism of the dye-sensitized solar cell is that electrons are injected from the sensitizing dye excited by sunlight (visible light) irradiation into the conduction band of the metal oxide semiconductor, and the injected electrons are externally transmitted through the photoelectrode. It is guided to the circuit and moves to the counter electrode, and the sensitizing dye (dye cation) in the oxidized state receives electrons and regenerates through the redox reaction of the electrolyte composition. This cycle achieves photoelectric conversion.
- the dye-sensitized solar cell has not been put into practical use because it has a lower photoelectric conversion efficiency than silicon-based solar cells that are currently on the market.
- the main cause of the decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells is a decrease in voltage due to reverse electron transfer from the oxide semiconductor layer to the electrolyte composition and dye cation, in order to suppress reverse electron transfer and prevent voltage drop
- the addition of a basic compound to the electrolyte composition has been studied.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a dye-sensitized solar cell that can suppress desorption of a sensitizing dye even when an electrolyte-containing layer or a solid charge transfer layer containing a basic compound is used.
- the present inventors have found a combination of a dye compound having a specific structure and a basic compound, and have found that such a combination can achieve the above-described object, leading to the present invention.
- the present invention is a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a working electrode having a photocatalytic film, a counter electrode, an electrolyte-containing layer or a solid charge transfer layer, Dye sensitization characterized in that the electrolyte-containing layer or the solid charge transfer layer contains a basic compound and the photocatalytic film is formed of an oxide semiconductor layer containing a dye compound represented by the following general formula (1).
- a solar cell is provided.
- Y is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a —CO—NR 4 — or —SO 2 —NR 4 — in the group or a direct bond;
- a conjugated group wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon oxy group, and at least one of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 ;
- R 4 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- the sensitizing dye has a silyl group in which a hydrocarbon oxy group and Si are bonded. Thus, it has excellent adsorptivity to the metal oxide semiconductor. Moreover, since the adsorptivity is high, the dye-sensitized solar cell of the present invention is a highly efficient and highly durable element.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of an example of a conventional dye-sensitized solar cell.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part of the dye-sensitized solar cell shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of another example of a conventional dye-sensitized solar cell.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of still another example of a conventional dye-sensitized solar cell.
- the configuration itself of the dye-sensitized solar cell of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it includes a working electrode having a photocatalytic film, a counter electrode, and an electrolyte-containing layer.
- the dye 13 carried on the working electrode 10 when light (sunlight or ultraviolet light, visible light, or near-infrared light equivalent to sunlight) is applied to the dye 13 carried on the working electrode 10, the light is emitted.
- the dye 13 excited by absorbing the electrons injects electrons into the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12. After the electrons move to the adjacent conductive layer 11B, they reach the counter electrode 20 via an external circuit.
- the electrolyte-containing layer 30 the electrolyte is oxidized so that the oxidized dye 13 is returned (reduced) to the ground state as the electrons move.
- the oxidized electrolyte is reduced by receiving the electrons that have reached the counter electrode 20. In this way, the movement of electrons between the working electrode 10 and the counter electrode 20 and the accompanying oxidation-reduction reaction in the electrolyte-containing layer 30 are repeated. Thereby, continuous movement of electrons occurs, and photoelectric conversion is constantly performed.
- the working electrode 10 will be described.
- the working electrode 10 includes, for example, a conductive substrate 11, a metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 provided on one surface thereof (a surface on the counter electrode 20 side), and a dye 13 supported on the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12. And have.
- the dye 13 is a compound represented by the general formula (1).
- the working electrode 10 functions as a negative electrode for the external circuit.
- the conductive substrate 11 is obtained by providing a conductive layer 11B on the surface of an insulating substrate 11A.
- Examples of the material of the substrate 11A include insulating materials such as glass and plastic.
- the plastic is used, for example, in the form of a transparent polymer film.
- Examples of the plastic forming the transparent polymer film include tetraacetyl cellulose (TAC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and syndiotactic polystyrene ( Examples thereof include SPS), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polycarbonate (PC), polyarylate (PAR), polysulfone (PSF), polyester sulfone (PES), polyetherimide (PEI), cyclic polyolefin, and brominated phenoxy.
- TAC tetraacetyl cellulose
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- syndiotactic polystyrene examples thereof include SPS), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polycarbonate (
- Examples of the conductive layer 11B include a conductive metal oxide thin film including indium oxide, tin oxide, indium-tin composite oxide (ITO), or tin oxide doped with fluorine (FTO: F—SnO 2 ). , Gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt) or the like, a metal thin film and metal mesh, those formed of a conductive polymer, and the like.
- the conductive substrate 11 may be configured to have a single-layer structure with, for example, a conductive material.
- a conductive material examples include indium oxide, tin oxide, Examples thereof include conductive metal oxides such as indium-tin composite oxide or tin oxide doped with fluorine, metals such as gold, silver or platinum, and conductive polymers.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is a carrier that supports the dye 13, and has, for example, a porous structure as shown in FIG.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is formed of a dense layer 12A and a porous layer 12B.
- the dense layer 12A is formed at the interface with the conductive substrate 11, is preferably dense and has few voids, and more preferably is a film.
- the porous layer 12B is preferably formed on the surface in contact with the electrolyte-containing layer 30, has a large space and a large surface area, and more preferably has a structure in which porous fine particles are attached.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 may be formed to have, for example, a film-like single layer structure.
- the term “supported” refers to a state in which the dye 13 is chemically or physically or electrically bonded or adsorbed to the porous layer 12B.
- Examples of the material (metal oxide semiconductor material) constituting the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 include titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, indium oxide, zirconium oxide, tantalum oxide, vanadium oxide, yttrium oxide, and oxide. Aluminum, magnesium oxide, etc. are mentioned. Among these, titanium oxide and zinc oxide are preferable as the metal oxide semiconductor material because high conversion efficiency can be obtained. Further, any one of these metal oxide semiconductor materials may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination (mixed, mixed crystal, solid solution, surface coating, etc.). A combination of titanium oxide and zinc oxide can also be used.
- Examples of the method for forming the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 having a porous structure include an electrolytic deposition method, a coating method, and a firing method.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is formed by electrolytic deposition, the fine particles are deposited on the conductive layer 11B of the conductive substrate 11 in the electrolytic bath liquid containing the fine particles of the metal oxide semiconductor material and the metal.
- An oxide semiconductor material is deposited.
- a dispersion liquid metal oxide slurry
- a dispersion liquid metal oxide slurry in which fine particles of a metal oxide semiconductor material are dispersed is applied on the conductive substrate 11, and then in the dispersion liquid. Dry to remove the dispersion medium.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is formed by the sintering method
- the metal oxide slurry is applied onto the conductive substrate 11 and dried, as in the coating method, and then fired.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is formed by an electrolytic deposition method or a coating method
- a plastic material or a polymer film material having low heat resistance can be used as the substrate 11A, and thus a highly flexible electrode is manufactured. Can do.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 may be processed using an organic base, a urea derivative, or a cyclic sugar chain.
- organic base include organic bases such as diarylamine, triarylamine, pyridine, 4-t-butylpyridine, polyvinylpyridine, quinoline, piperidine, and amidine.
- the treatment may be performed before or after adsorbing the dye 13 described below.
- the treatment method includes dipping treatment. When the treatment agent is solid, the dipping treatment may be performed after dissolving in an organic solvent.
- the dye 13 is, for example, adsorbed to the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12, and is capable of injecting electrons into the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 by absorbing light and being excited. Contains more than one type of dye (sensitizing dye).
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) corresponds to the dye 13.
- the desorption of the dye 13 is suppressed even if the electrolyte-containing layer 30 described later contains a basic compound.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) used as the dye 13 will be described.
- the group represented by Y in the general formula (1) is a divalent group, and is optionally substituted carbon atom having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and having —CO—NR 4 — or —SO 2 —NR 4 —. It is a hydrogen group or a direct bond.
- the optionally substituted hydrocarbon group include an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an unsubstituted heterocyclic group, or an aliphatic carbon group. Examples include a heterocyclic group substituted with a hydrogen group.
- the divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group is a linear, branched or cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and specifically includes methane-1,1-diyl, ethane-1,2-diyl, 1- Methylethane-1,2-diyl, propane-1,3-diyl, butane-1,4-diyl, 2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl, pentane-1,5-diyl, hexane-1,6-diyl , Heptane-1,7-diyl, octane-1,8-diyl, nonane-1,9-diyl, decane-1,10-diyl, cyclohexane-1,4-diyl and the like.
- methane-1,1-diyl, ethane-1,2-diyl, and 1-methylethane-1,2-diyl are preferable because the conversion efficiency
- divalent unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group examples include 1,2-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene and the like.
- divalent unsubstituted heterocyclic group examples include furan-2,5-diyl, furan-3,5-diyl, thiophene-2,5-diyl, thiophene-3,5-diyl, 2H-chromene-3,7. -Diyl, benzothiophene-2,6-diyl or benzothiophene-2,5-diyl.
- divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group and the divalent heterocyclic group substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group include, for example, the above divalent unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group and Examples thereof include those in which a hydrogen atom of an unsubstituted heterocyclic group is substituted by 1 to 3 positions with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include straight chain, branched chain, and cyclic such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, isobutyl, cyclopropyl, and cyclobutyl.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms includes —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CO—, —S—, —SO—, —SO 2 —, May be interrupted by —NR 10 —, —C ⁇ C— or —C ⁇ C—, and R 10 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group mentioned above may be further substituted, and the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic hydrocarbon group and aromatic heterocyclic group may be substituted.
- the preferable group include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, and a —NR 7 R 8 group.
- R 7 and R 8 represent the same groups as R 7 and R 8 in formulas (A2-1) to (A2-15) described later.
- two hydrogen atoms may be substituted by the same oxygen atom and carbonyl may be sufficient.
- Preferred examples of the group represented by Y include those represented by any of the following partial structural formulas (Y-1) to (Y-12).
- Z is not particularly limited as long as it is a ⁇ -conjugated group, and may have a substituent.
- the group containing a nitrogen atom in the ⁇ -conjugated group represented by Z or substituting Z is preferably an amino group.
- the ⁇ -conjugated group means that unsaturated bonds are formed continuously, and among the ⁇ -conjugated groups represented by Z, the conversion efficiency of the working electrode (photoelectric conversion element) 10 is increased.
- the number of carbon atoms in the unsaturated bond formed in a continuous manner is preferably 4 to 60, and more preferably 12 to 40.
- the connection number of the smallest unsaturated bond carbon represents the said preferable range.
- ⁇ -conjugated group represented by Z include those represented by any of the following partial structural formulas (2-1) to (2-5).
- a 1 is an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an optionally substituted aromatic heterocyclic group
- a 2 is a direct bond or the following formulas (A2-1) to (A2 -15) is a group in which 1 to 7 groups selected from the groups represented by the above groups are linked, R 5 and R 6 represent an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, and R 5 and R 6 are And may be linked to form a ring, and R 5 and R 6 may be independently linked to A 1 to form a ring.
- a 2 is a direct bond or a group in which 1 to 7 groups selected from the groups represented by the following formulas (A2-1) to (A2-15) are linked, and R 11 , R 12 and R 13 represents a known ligand coordinated to M 2 , M 1 and M 2 represent a metal element, and the hydrogen atom in the formula is a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, an iodine atom, a bromine atom, a cyano group, a nitro group,
- X represents S, O, or NR
- R represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group
- the hydrogen atom in the group is a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, a chlorine atom, or an iodine atom.
- a cyano group, a nitro group, a —OR 7 group, a —SR 7 group, a —NR 7 R 8 group or an optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, R 7 and R 8 are Represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group.
- the group represented by A 1 in the partial structural formula (2-1) is a divalent group, and may be an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group that may be substituted or an aromatic heterocyclic group that may be substituted.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group include an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group substituted with an unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and the aromatic heterocyclic group includes an unsubstituted group.
- aromatic heterocyclic groups substituted with aromatic heterocyclic groups or aliphatic hydrocarbon groups are examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group that may be substituted or an aromatic heterocyclic group that may be substituted.
- Divalent unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring groups include 1,2-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene, naphthalene-1,2-diyl, naphthalene-1,3-diyl, naphthalene- 1,4-diyl, naphthalene-1,5-diyl, naphthalene-1,6-diyl, naphthalene-1,7-diyl, naphthalene-1,8-diyl, naphthalene-2,3-diyl, naphthalene-2, 6-diyl, anthracene-1,4-diyl, anthracene-1,5-diyl, anthracene-1,10-diyl, anthracene-9,10-diyl, perylene-3-10-diyl, perylene-3,10- Examples include diyl, pyrene-1,6
- Examples of the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon ring group substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group include, for example, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in which the divalent unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring is 1 to The one substituted at three places is mentioned.
- Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, isobutyl, amyl, isoamyl, t-amyl, hexyl, heptyl, isoheptyl.
- T-heptyl n-octyl, isooctyl, t-octyl, nonyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, and the like.
- divalent unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group examples include furan-2,5-diyl, furan-3,5-diyl, thiophene-2,5-diyl, thiophene-3,5-diyl, and 2H-chromene-3. , 7-diyl, benzothiophene-2,6-diyl or benzothiophene-2,5-diyl.
- divalent aromatic heterocyclic group substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group examples include the above divalent groups such as 1-alkyl-pyrrole-2,5-diyl or 1-alkyl-pyrrole-3,5-diyl. And an unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group in which 1 to 3 carbon atoms are substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms is the same group as described above.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or aromatic heterocyclic group listed above may be further substituted, and the group that may substitute the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and aromatic heterocyclic group is a fluorine atom. Chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom, cyano group, nitro group, hydroxyl group, thiol group, or —NR 7 R 8 group. R 7 and R 8 represent the same groups as R 7 and R 8 in the formula (A2-1) ⁇ (A2-15). Moreover, when it has a methylene in an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, two hydrogen atoms may be substituted by the same oxygen atom and may be carbonyl.
- the group represented by A 2 in the above formulas (2-1) to (2-5) is a group selected from a direct bond or a group represented by the above formulas (A2-1) to (A2-15). 7 linked groups, preferably 1 to 4 linked groups, more preferably 2 to 4 linked groups.
- the groups represented by the above formulas (A2-1) to (A2-15) can be connected in any direction.
- * means that a group represented by these formulas is bonded to an adjacent group at the * portion (the same applies hereinafter).
- X represents S, O or NR
- R represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group.
- the optionally substituted hydrocarbon group represented by R is the same as those exemplified later as the optionally substituted hydrocarbon group represented by R 1 , R 2 and R 3 .
- the hydrogen atoms contained in the groups represented by the above formulas (A2-1) to (A2-15) are fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom, cyano group, nitro group, —OR 7 group, —SR 7 groups, an —NR 7 R 8 group or an optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and R 7 and R 8 each represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group .
- These groups that substitute A 2 may be linked to each other to form a ring.
- Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may be substituted include the above-mentioned aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and the substituent which may substitute them is an aromatic hydrocarbon This is the same as those exemplified as the group which may substitute the cyclic group and the aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the optionally substituted hydrocarbon groups represented by R 7 and R 8 are the same as those exemplified later as the optionally substituted hydrocarbon groups represented by R 1 , R 2 and R 3. is there.
- Specific examples of the structure of the A 1 -A 2 moiety in the partial structural formula (2-1) include those represented by any of the following A (1) to (35).
- the ring structure at the left end is A 1 , and the other part corresponds to A 2 .
- a 1 may have a substituent
- a hydrogen atom in A 2 is substituted with a substituent May be.
- the bond described across a plurality of rings means that the bond is bonded to any of carbon atoms constituting those rings (the same applies hereinafter). .
- Examples of the hydrocarbon group of the optionally substituted hydrocarbon group represented by R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (1) include an aromatic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic hydrocarbon substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon.
- Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include phenyl, naphthyl, cyclohexylphenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, fluoryl, thiophenylphenyl, furanylphenyl, 2′-phenyl-propylphenyl, benzyl, naphthylmethyl, and the like.
- Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms used in the description of A 1 , and examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group substituted with the aliphatic hydrocarbon group include the above-described aromatic hydrocarbon groups. And phenyl, naphthyl or benzyl substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
- Examples of the group that may substitute these hydrocarbon groups include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, or a —NR 7 R 8 group.
- the groups represented by 7 and R 8 are the same as R 7 and R 8 described in A 2 .
- the optionally substituted hydrocarbon oxy group represented by R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in the general formula (1) is an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group represented by R 1 and an Si atom. Is interrupted by -O-.
- the group represented by R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is a hydrocarbon oxy group which may be at least one substituted. From the viewpoint of excellent adsorption property to carrier described later, preferably, all of R 1, R 2 and at least one of aliphatic hydrocarbon oxy group, or R 1 R 3, R 2 and R 3 are substituted It may be a hydrocarbon oxy group.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon oxy groups (particularly those having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), and 0 to 1 are linear Or a branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group (particularly having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), and most preferably all of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are straight chain or branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbon oxy groups (particularly Having 1 to 5 carbon atoms).
- R 5 and R 6 in the partial structural formula (2-1) is described above as the optionally substituted hydrocarbon group represented by R 1.
- R 5 and R 6 may be linked to each other to form a ring, and R 5 and R 6 may be independently linked to A 1 to form a ring.
- the metal element of M 1 specifically, Cu, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd
- Examples include Tb, Dy, Ho, Sn, Yb, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Th, U, Mn, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, Mo, Ni, or Rh.
- Cu, Ti, Ni, Fe or Zn is preferable, and Cu or Zn is more preferable.
- the metal element of M 2 represents a metal capable of tetracoordinate or hexacoordinate, and preferably Ru, Fe, Os, Cu, W, Cr , Mo, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Ir, Rh, Re, Mn, or Zn, more preferably Ru, Fe, Os, or Cu, and particularly preferably Ru.
- known ligands coordinated to M 2 represented by R 11 , R 12 and R 13 include monodentate, bidentate or tridentate coordination. It is a ligand, and the ligand may be a neutral ligand or an anionic ligand.
- Specific ligands are not particularly limited, but preferably include a halogen atom, —NCS or oxalic acid, and more preferably a halogen atom or —NCS.
- a compound in which the following partial structure (3) is any one of the following partial structures (3-1) to (3-10) is particularly good for photoelectric conversion applications. This is preferable because it exhibits excellent characteristics.
- those having a skeleton of the following partial structure (3-1), (3-2), or (3-7) are preferable because they are easy to manufacture and have high electron injection efficiency into the metal oxide semiconductor.
- the bond from A 1 to A2 is not shown.
- the bond from A 1 to A 2 is attached to any carbon atom constituting the aromatic hydrocarbon ring or aromatic heterocycle. Good.
- R 5 and R 6 are the same as those in the partial structural formula (2-1), and the hydrogen atom in the formula is a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, an iodine atom, a bromine atom, a cyano group, a nitro group,- OR 7 group, —SR 7 group, an optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group or —Y—SiR 1 R 2 R 3 may be substituted, and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the above general formulas (It represents the same group as in (1), and R 7 represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group.)
- the group represented by Y has 1 carbon atom which may be substituted having —CO—NR 4 — or —SO 2 —NR 4 — in the group.
- Compounds having a hydrocarbon group of ⁇ 20 are preferred because they are particularly easy to produce.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (1) are as follows. Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, 1 to 135 compounds.
- Me is a methyl group
- Et is an ethyl group
- Pr is a propyl group
- Bu is a butyl group
- Hex is a hexyl group
- Oct is an octyl group
- Non is a nonyl group
- Dec is a decyl group
- TBA is a tetrabutylammonium group. Represents.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) used in the dye-sensitized solar cell of the present invention can be obtained by a method using a known or well-known general reaction, and the synthesis method is not particularly limited.
- the compound (1 ′) in which Y in the general formula (1) is a direct bond is obtained by reacting a halogen compound (11) and a silylating agent (12) as shown in the following reaction formula (a).
- the compound in which Y is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted having —CO—NR 4 — or —SO 2 —NR 4 — in the group is a conjugate having a carboxylic acid group. It is obtained by reacting a primary or secondary amine compound having a silyl group after converting the carboxylic acid in the form into an acid chloride.
- the reagent used for the reaction may be changed as necessary, and the same synthesis can be performed when sulfonic acid is used instead of carboxylic acid.
- Z, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 represent the same groups as those in the general formula (1), X represents a halogen atom, and dba represents a dibenzylideneacetone ligand.
- dye 13 should just contain at least 1 type of the compound represented by the said General formula (1), and may contain the other pigment
- examples of other dyes include organic dyes (hereinafter referred to as other organic dyes) and organometallic complex compounds, and dyes having a group that can be adsorbed on the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 are preferable.
- organic dyes include eosin Y, dibromofluorescein, fluorescein, rhodamine B, pyrogallol, dichlorofluorescein, erythrosine B (erythrocin is a registered trademark), fluorescin, mercurochrome, cyanine dye, merocyanine disazo dye, trisazo dye, anthraquinone Dyes, polycyclic quinone dyes, indigo dyes, diphenylmethane dyes, trimethylmethane dyes, quinoline dyes, benzophenone dyes, naphthoquinone dyes, perylene dyes, fluorenone dyes, squarylium dyes, azurenium dyes, Examples include perinone dyes, quinacridone dyes, metal-free phthalocyanine dyes, metal-free porphyrin dyes, and metal-free azaporphyrin dyes.
- Organometallic complex compounds As an organometallic complex compound, an ionic coordination bond formed between a nitrogen anion and a metal cation in an aromatic heterocyclic ring, and a nonionic property formed between a nitrogen atom or a chalcogen atom and a metal cation Organometallic complex compounds having both coordination bonds, ionic coordination bonds formed by oxygen anions or sulfur anions and metal cations, and non-formations formed between nitrogen atoms or chalcogen atoms and metal cations And organometallic complex compounds having both ionic coordination bonds.
- copper phthalocyanine, titanyl phthalocyanine, cobalt phthalocyanine, nickel phthalocyanine, iron phthalocyanine and other metal phthalocyanine dyes, metal naphthalocyanine dyes, metal porphyrin dyes, metal azaporphyrin dyes and ruthenium, iron, osmium are used.
- ruthenium complexes such as bipyridyl metal complexes, terpyridyl metal complexes, phenanthroline metal complexes, bicinchoninic acid metal complexes, azo metal complexes, and quinolinol metal complexes.
- dye 13 may contain the 1 type (s) or 2 or more types of additive other than the above-mentioned pigment
- the additive include an association inhibitor that suppresses association of the compound in the dye, and specifically, a cholic acid compound represented by the chemical formula (13). These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- R91 is an alkyl group having an acidic group or an alkoxysilyl group.
- R92 represents a group bonded to any of the carbon atoms constituting the steroid skeleton in the chemical formula, and represents a hydroxyl group, a halogen group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group.
- t is an integer of 1 to 5.
- the bond between the carbon atoms constituting the steroid skeleton in the chemical formula may be a single bond or a double bond.
- the counter electrode 20 is, for example, a conductive substrate 21 provided with a conductive layer 22 and functions as a positive electrode for an external circuit.
- Examples of the material of the conductive substrate 21 include the same materials as those of the substrate 11 ⁇ / b> A of the conductive substrate 11 of the working electrode 10.
- the conductive layer 22 includes one type or two or more types of conductive material and a binder as necessary. Examples of the conductive material used for the conductive layer 22 include platinum, gold, silver, copper (Cu), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), and indium (In). Examples include metals, carbon (C), and conductive polymers.
- binder used for the conductive layer 22 examples include acrylic resin, polyester resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, cellulose, melamine resin, fluoroelastomer, and polyimide resin.
- the counter electrode 20 may have a single layer structure of the conductive layer 22, for example.
- the electrolyte-containing layer 30 in the dye-sensitized solar cell of the present invention contains a basic compound such as a pyridine compound (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-331936) for the purpose of improving the power generation efficiency and durability of the photoelectric conversion element. If it does, it will not specifically limit, A well-known electrolyte (electrolyte solution) can be used.
- Preferable basic compounds include pyridine derivatives, imidazole derivatives or guanidine salts.
- specific basic compounds particularly preferably used include 4-t-butylpyridine (TBP), pyridine, N-methylbenzimidazole (NMB), guanidine thiocyanate (GuSCN), 1- Examples thereof include propyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium iodide (DMPII), 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (PMII), and 4-trimethylsilylpyridine (TMSP).
- TBP 4-t-butylpyridine
- NMB N-methylbenzimidazole
- GuSCN guanidine thiocyanate
- DMPII propyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium iodide
- PMII 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide
- TMSP 4-trimethylsilylpyridine
- the configuration of the electrolyte-containing layer used in the present invention includes, for example, a redox electrolyte having a redox couple.
- the redox electrolyte include I ⁇ / I 3 ⁇ system, Br ⁇ / Br 3. - based, quinone / hydroquinone system, Co complex system, nitroxy radical compound system, Cu complex-based, thiolate / disulfide complex system, and the like.
- a combination of a halide salt and a simple substance of halogen such as a combination of an iodide salt and simple iodine, or a combination of a bromide salt and bromine, or the like.
- halide salt examples include cesium halide, quaternary alkylammonium halides, imidazolium halides, thiazolium halides, oxazolium halides, quinolinium halides and pyridinium halides.
- iodide salt for example, cesium iodide, tetraethylammonium iodide, tetrapropylammonium iodide, tetrabutylammonium iodide, tetrapentylammonium iodide, tetrahexylammonium iodide, Quaternary alkylammonium iodides such as tetraheptylammonium iodide or trimethylphenylammonium iodide; imidazolium iodides such as 3-methylimidazolium iodide or 1-propyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium iodide 3-ethyl-2-methyl-2-thiazolium iodide, 3-ethyl-5- (2-hydroxyethyl) -4-methylthiazolium iodide or 3-ethyl-5- (2-hydroxyeth
- bromide salt examples include quaternary alkyl ammonium bromide.
- combinations of halide salts and simple halogens combinations of at least one of the above-described iodide salts and simple iodine are preferable.
- the redox electrolyte may be, for example, a combination of an ionic liquid and a halogen simple substance.
- the above-described halide salt and the like may further be included.
- the ionic liquid include those that can be used in batteries, solar cells, and the like.
- the ionic liquid a salt having a melting point lower than room temperature (25 ° C.), or a salt that has a melting point higher than room temperature and is liquefied at room temperature by dissolving with another molten salt or the like is preferable.
- Specific examples of the ionic liquid include the following anions and cations.
- Examples of the cation of the ionic liquid include ammonium, imidazolium, oxazolium, thiazolium, oxadiazolium, triazolium, pyrrolidinium, pyridinium, piperidinium, pyrazolium, pyrimidinium, pyrazinium, triazinium, phosphonium, sulfonium, carbazolium, indolium, or those And derivatives thereof. These may be used alone or as a mixture of plural kinds.
- Specific examples include 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, and the like. .
- anion of the ionic liquid examples include metal chlorides such as AlCl 4 ⁇ or Al 2 Cl 7 — , PF 6 ⁇ , BF 4 ⁇ , CF 3 SO 3 ⁇ , N (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 ⁇ , F ( HF) n - or CF 3 COO - or fluorine-containing substances such as ions, NO 3 -, CH 3 COO -, C 6 H 11 COO -, CH 3 OSO 3 -, CH 3 OSO 2 -, CH 3 SO 3 - Non-fluorine compound ions such as CH 3 SO 2 ⁇ , (CH 3 O) 2 PO 2 ⁇ , N (CN) 2 ⁇ or SCN ⁇ , and halide ions such as iodide ions or bromide ions. These may be used alone or as a mixture of plural kinds. Among these, iodide ions are preferable as the anions of the ionic liquid.
- the electrolyte-containing layer 30 may be a liquid electrolyte (electrolytic solution) obtained by dissolving the above-described redox electrolyte in a solvent, or a solid polymer electrolyte in which the electrolytic solution is held in a polymer substance. May be.
- a quasi-solid (paste-like) electrolyte containing a mixture of an electrolytic solution and a particulate carbon material such as carbon black may be used. Note that in a quasi-solid electrolyte containing a carbon material, since the carbon material has a function of catalyzing a redox reaction, the electrolyte may not contain a single halogen.
- Such a redox electrolyte may contain any one kind or two or more kinds of organic solvents that dissolve the above-described halide salts, ionic liquids, and the like.
- organic solvent include electrochemically inert solvents such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, methoxyacetonitrile, 3-methoxypropionitrile, valeronitrile, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate.
- 3-methoxypropionitrile, propylene carbonate, or 3-methyl-1-propylimidazolium iodide is preferred from the viewpoint of high effect of the present invention.
- the electrolyte-containing layer 30 used in the present invention includes non-cyclic saccharides (JP 2005-2005) for the purpose of improving the power generation efficiency and durability of photoelectric conversion elements. No. 093313), urea derivatives (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-168493), layered clay minerals (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-531206), and the like may be added.
- the dye-sensitized solar cell of the present invention can be manufactured, for example, as follows.
- the working electrode 10 is produced.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 having a porous structure is formed on the surface of the conductive substrate 11 on which the conductive layer 11B is formed by electrolytic deposition or firing.
- electrolytic deposition for example, an electrolytic bath containing a metal salt to be a metal oxide semiconductor material is set to a predetermined temperature while bubbling with oxygen or air, and the conductive substrate 11 is placed therein. Immerse and apply a constant voltage between the counter electrode. Thereby, a metal oxide semiconductor material is deposited on the conductive layer 11B so as to have a porous structure.
- the counter electrode may be appropriately moved in the electrolytic bath.
- a metal oxide slurry prepared by dispersing a powder of a metal oxide semiconductor material in a dispersion medium is applied to the conductive substrate 11 and dried, followed by firing. Have a porous structure. Subsequently, a dye solution in which the dye 13 containing the compound represented by the general formula (1) is dissolved in an organic solvent is prepared. By immersing the conductive substrate 11 on which the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is formed in this dye solution, the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 carries the dye 13.
- the concentration of the dye 13 in the dye solution is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mol / dm 3 , and preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 to 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol / dm. 3 is more preferable.
- the organic solvent used in the dye solution is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the compound represented by the general formula (1).
- hydrocarbons such as toluene, benzene, xylene
- Alcohols such as ethanol and t-butanol
- ether alcohols such as methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve and butyl diglycol
- ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone and diacetone alcohol
- ethyl acetate, butyl acetate Esters such as methoxyethyl acetate; acrylic esters such as ethyl acrylate and butyl acrylate; fluorinated alcohols such as 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropanol; chlorine such as methylene dichloride, dichloroethane and chloroform Hydrocarbons; acetonitrile and the like, may be mixed with these organic solvents arbitrarily.
- the counter electrode 20 is produced by forming the conductive layer 22 on one surface of the conductive substrate 21.
- the conductive layer 22 is formed, for example, by sputtering a conductive material.
- a spacer such as a sealant so that the surface of the working electrode 10 carrying the dye 13 and the surface of the counter electrode 20 on which the conductive layer 22 is formed face each other while maintaining a predetermined distance.
- the whole is sealed except for the electrolyte inlet.
- the electrolyte containing layer 30 is formed by injecting an electrolyte between the working electrode 10 and the counter electrode 20 and then sealing the injection port. Thereby, the dye-sensitized solar cell shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is completed.
- the solid charge transfer layer may be provided instead of the electrolyte-containing layer 30.
- the solid charge transfer layer contains a basic compound.
- a basic compound what was mentioned above as a basic compound contained in the electrolyte content layer 30 is mentioned.
- the solid charge transfer layer includes, for example, a material in which carrier movement in a solid is related to electric conduction. As this material, an electron transport material, a hole transport material, or the like is preferable.
- aromatic amines, triphenylene derivatives and the like are preferable.
- organic conductive polymers such as derivatives thereof, polythienylene vinylene or derivatives thereof, polythiophene or derivatives thereof, polyaniline or derivatives thereof, polytoluidine or derivatives thereof, and the like can be given.
- a p-type inorganic compound semiconductor may be used as the hole transport material.
- the p-type inorganic compound semiconductor preferably has a band gap of 2 eV or more, and more preferably 2.5 eV or more.
- the ionization potential of the p-type inorganic compound semiconductor needs to be smaller than the ionization potential of the working electrode 10 from the condition that the holes of the dye can be reduced.
- the preferred range of the ionization potential of the p-type inorganic compound semiconductor varies depending on the dye used, but the ionization potential is preferably in the range of 4.5 eV to 5.5 eV, and more preferably 4.7 eV to 5. More preferably, it is within the range of 3 eV or less.
- Examples of the p-type inorganic compound semiconductor include a compound semiconductor containing monovalent copper.
- Examples of other p-type inorganic compound semiconductors include GaP, NiO, CoO, FeO, Bi 2 O 3 , MoO 2, and Cr 2 O 3 .
- the hole transport material containing the organic conductive polymer is introduced into the electrode by a technique such as a vacuum deposition method, a casting method, a coating method, a spin coating method, a dipping method, an electrolytic polymerization method, or a photoelectrolytic polymerization method. Can do. Also in the case of an inorganic solid compound, it can be introduced into the electrode by a technique such as a casting method, a coating method, a spin coating method, a dipping method, or an electrolytic plating method. A part of the solid charge transfer layer (particularly, having a hole transport material) formed in this way partially penetrates into the gap of the porous structure of the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 and is in direct contact with it. It is preferable to become.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) used in the present invention is the same as in the case where the electrolyte-containing layer 30 is provided in a dye-sensitized solar cell in which a solid charge transfer layer is provided instead of the electrolyte-containing layer 30. Further, durability and conversion efficiency, particularly conversion efficiency can be improved.
- Example 1-1 First, a conductive substrate 11 made of a conductive glass substrate (F—SnO 2 ) having a length of 2.0 cm ⁇ width of 1.5 cm ⁇ thickness of 1.1 mm was prepared. Subsequently, a masking tape having a thickness of 70 ⁇ m is applied so as to surround a square of 0.5 cm in length and 0.5 cm in width of the conductive substrate 11, and 3 cm 3 of the metal oxide slurry is uniformly thickened on the square portion. It was applied and dried. As the metal oxide slurry, a suspension of titanium oxide powder (TiO 2 , Ti-Nanoxide D manufactured by Solaronix) in water so as to be 10% by weight was used.
- TiO 2 Ti-Nanoxide D manufactured by Solaronix
- the masking tape on the conductive substrate 11 was peeled off, and this substrate was baked at 450 ° C. in an electric furnace to form a metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 having a thickness of about 5 ⁇ m.
- Compound No. 1 was dissolved in toluene to a concentration of 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol / dm 3 to prepare a dye solution.
- the conductive substrate 11 on which the photocatalyst film 12 (metal oxide semiconductor layer) was formed was immersed in the above dye solution, and the working electrode 10 carrying the dye 13 was produced.
- [Table 1] shows the dye carrying amount after the stripping solution immersion when the pigment carrying amount before the stripping solution immersion (Abs. At ⁇ max of the dye) is 100. It can be said that the closer the pigment carrying amount after peeling is to 100, the higher the peeling resistance.
- the stripping solution represents an electrolyte composition containing a basic compound (4-t-butylpyridine), and 10% added water is a deterioration accelerator that accelerates pigment stripping.
- Example 2-2 to 2-34 and Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-20 Exfoliation parameters were calculated in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that the dye compound, oxide semiconductor and exfoliation solution were changed to those shown in [Table 2], [Table 3A] and [Table 3B]. The results are shown in [Table 3A] and [Table 3B].
- TBP 4-t-butylpyridine
- NMB N-methylbenzimidazole
- GuSCN guanidine thiocyanate
- DMPII 1-propyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium iodide
- TMSP 4-trimethylsilylpyridine
- the dye compound according to the dye-sensitized solar cell of the present invention suppresses peeling from the oxide semiconductor even in an element using an electrolyte composition containing a basic compound.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
上記電解質含有層又は固体電荷移動層に塩基性化合物を含み、光触媒膜が、下記一般式(1)で表される色素化合物を含む酸化物半導体層により形成されることを特徴とする色素増感太陽電池を提供するものである。
作用電極10は、外部回路に対して、負極として機能するものである。導電性基板11は、例えば、絶縁性の基板11Aの表面に導電層11Bを設けたものである。
上記一般式(1)におけるYが表す基は、2価の基であり、-CO-NR4-若しくは-SO2-NR4-を有する置換されていてもよい炭素原子数1~20の炭化水素基又は直接結合である。置換されていてもよい炭化水素基としては、脂肪族炭化水素基、無置換芳香族炭化水素基、脂肪族炭化水素基で置換された芳香族炭化水素基、無置換ヘテロ環基又は脂肪族炭化水素基で置換されたヘテロ環基が挙げられる。
炭素原子数1~4の脂肪族炭化水素基としては、例えば、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、s-ブチル、t-ブチル、イソブチル、シクロプロピル、シクロブチル等の直鎖、分岐鎖又は環状のアルキル基が挙げられ、炭素原子数1~4の脂肪族炭化水素基は、-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CO-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-NR10-、-C=C-又は-C≡C-で中断されていてもよく、R10は炭素原子数1~4の脂肪族炭化水素基であり、その例としては上記炭素原子数1~4の脂肪族炭化水素基と同じであり、中断する基に炭素原子を含む場合、中断される基を含めた炭素原子数が1~4である。
上記芳香族炭化水素環基としては、無置換芳香族炭化水素環基又は脂肪族炭化水素基で置換された芳香族炭化水素環基等が挙げられ、上記芳香族ヘテロ環基としては、無置換芳香族ヘテロ環基又は脂肪族炭化水素基で置換された芳香族ヘテロ環基等が挙げられる。
炭素原子数1~20の脂肪族炭化水素基としては、例えば、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、s-ブチル、t-ブチル、イソブチル、アミル、イソアミル、t-アミル、ヘキシル、ヘプチル、イソヘプチル、t-ヘプチル、n-オクチル、イソオクチル、t-オクチル、ノニル、シクロプロピル、シクロブチル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロヘプチル、シクロオクチル、シクロノニル、シクロデシル等の直鎖、分岐鎖又は環状のアルキル基が挙げられ、炭素原子数1~20の脂肪族炭化水素基は、-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CO-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-NR9-、-C=C-又は-C≡C-で中断されていてもよく、R9は炭素原子数1~20の脂肪族炭化水素基であり、その例としては上記炭素原子数1~20の脂肪族炭化水素基と同じであり、中断する基に炭素原子を含む場合、中断される基を含めた炭素原子数が1~20である。
上記の置換されていてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基としては、例えば前述の炭素原子数1~20の脂肪族炭化水素基が挙げられ、それらを置換してもよい置換基は、芳香族炭化水素環基及び芳香族ヘテロ環基を置換してもよい基として挙げたものと同様である。
R7及びR8で表される上記の置換されていてもよい炭化水素基は、R1、R2及びR3で表される置換されていてもよい炭化水素基として後に挙げるものと同様である。
尚、以下には、置換基を有していないものを示しているが、上記の通り、A1は置換基を有していてもよく、A2中の水素原子は置換基で置換されていてもよい。また、以下のA(16)~(36)において、複数の環にまたがって記載されている結合手は、それらの環を構成する炭素原子のいずれかに結合することを意味する(以下同様)。
上記芳香族炭化水素基としては、フェニル、ナフチル、シクロヘキシルフェニル、ビフェニル、ターフェニル、フルオレイル、チオフェニルフェニル、フラニルフェニル、2’-フェニル-プロピルフェニル、ベンジル又はナフチルメチル等が挙げられ、上記脂肪族炭化水素基としては、例えばA1の説明で用いた炭素原子数1~20の脂肪族炭化水素基が挙げられ、上記脂肪族炭化水素基で置換された芳香族炭化水素基としては、上記脂肪族炭化水素基で置換されたフェニル、ナフチル又はベンジル等が挙げられる。
これらの炭化水素基を置換してもよい基としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、水酸基、チオール基又は-NR7R8基等が挙げられ、R7及びR8が表す基は、A2において説明したR7及びR8と同様である。
上記式(2-4)及び(2-5)において、M2の金属元素としては、4配位又は6配位が可能な金属を表し、好ましくはRu、Fe、Os、Cu、W、Cr、Mo、Ni、Pd、Pt、Co、Ir、Rh、Re、Mn又はZnであり、更に好ましくはRu、Fe、Os又はCuであり、特に好ましくはRuである。
尚、下記部分構造(3)及び(3-1)~(3-8)において、A1からA2への結合手は記載を省略している。下記部分構造(3-1)~(3-8)においては、A1からA2への結合手は、芳香族炭化水素環及び芳香族ヘテロ環を構成するいずれの炭素原子に付いていてもよい。
また、Yが基中に-CO-NR4-又は-SO2-NR4-を有する置換されていてもよい炭素原子数1~20の炭化水素基である化合物は、カルボン酸基を有する共役体のカルボン酸を酸クロリドへ変換した後、シリル基を有する1級又は2級アミン化合物を反応させることにより得られる。尚、反応に用いる試薬は必要に応じて変更してもよく、また、カルボン酸の替わりにスルホン酸を用いた場合も同様に合成できる。
有機金属錯体化合物としては、芳香族複素環内にある窒素アニオンと金属カチオンとで形成されるイオン性の配位結合と、窒素原子又はカルコゲン原子と金属カチオンとの間に形成される非イオン性配位結合の両方を有する有機金属錯体化合物や、酸素アニオン又は硫黄アニオンと金属カチオンとで形成されるイオン性の配位結合と、窒素原子又はカルコゲン原子と金属カチオンとの間に形成される非イオン性配位結合の両方を有する有機金属錯体化合物等が挙げられる。具体的には、銅フタロシアニン、チタニルフタロシアニン、コバルトフタロシアニン、ニッケルフタロシアニン、鉄フタロシアニン等の金属フタロシアニン系色素、金属ナフタロシアニン系色素、金属ポルフィリン系色素、金属アザポルフィリン系色素ならびにルテニウム、鉄、オスミウムを用いたビピリジル金属錯体、ターピリジル金属錯体、フェナントロリン金属錯体、ビシンコニン酸金属錯体、アゾ金属錯体あるいはキノリノール金属錯体等のルテニウム錯体等が挙げられる。
まず、縦2.0cm×横1.5cm×厚さ1.1mmの導電性ガラス基板(F-SnO2)よりなる導電性基板11を用意した。続いて、導電性基板11の、縦0.5cm×横0.5cmの四角形を囲むように厚さ70μmのマスキングテープを貼り、この四角形の部分に金属酸化物スラリー3cm3を一様の厚さとなるように塗布して乾燥させた。金属酸化物スラリーとしては、10重量%となるように酸化チタン粉末(TiO2、Solaronix社製Ti-NanoxideD)を、水に懸濁したものを用いた。続いて、導電性基板11上のマスキングテープを剥がし取り、この基板を電気炉により450℃で焼成し、厚さ約5μmの金属酸化物半導体層12を形成した。続いて、化合物No.1を3×10-4mol/dm3の濃度になるようにトルエンに溶解させて、色素溶液を調製した。続いて、光触媒膜12(金属酸化物半導体層)が形成された導電性基板11を上記の色素溶液に浸漬し、色素13を担持させた作用電極10を作製した。
作製した作用電極10を25℃、4時間の条件で、剥離液(0.5M 4-t-ブチルピリジン/アセトニトリル:水=10:1)に浸漬した。剥離液浸漬前の色素担持量(色素のλmaxにおけるAbs.)を100としたときの、剥離液浸漬後の色素担持量を、耐剥離性として〔表1〕に示した。剥離後の色素担持量が100に近いほど耐剥離性が高いといえる。尚、剥離液は、塩基性化合物(4-t-ブチルピリジン)を含有する電解質組成物を表すものであり、10%添加している水は、色素剥離を加速させる劣化促進剤である。
化合物No.1を〔表1〕に示す化合物に替えた以外は実施例1-1と同様の操作により、各化合物を担持させた作用電極10を作製し、色素の耐剥離性を求めた。結果を〔表1〕に示す。
実施例1-1と同様の手順で作製した作用電極10を、予め作製した2種の剥離液(塩基性化合物を含有する剥離液a及び塩基性化合物を含有しない剥離液a’)に25℃、4時間の条件でそれぞれ浸漬させ、下記式により剥離パラメータを算出した。
剥離パラメータ=(塩基性化合物有の場合の色素残存率)/(塩基性化合物無の場合の色素残存率)
剥離パラメータの数値が大きいほど塩基性化合物を含有する電解液において色素の保持効果が高いといえる。尚、色素担持量は実施例1-1と同様の手法により求めた。結果を〔表3A〕に示す。
<剥離液a> 0.5M 4-t-ブチルピリジン/アセトニトリル:水=10:1
<剥離液a’> アセトニトリル:水=10:1
色素化合物、酸化物半導体及び剥離液を〔表2〕、〔表3A〕及び〔表3B〕に示すものに変更した以外は実施例2-1と同様の操作により、剥離パラメータを算出した。結果を〔表3A〕及び〔表3B〕に示す。
TBP:4-t-ブチルピリジン
NMB:N-メチルベンズイミダゾール
GuSCN:チオシアン酸グアニジン
DMPII:1-プロピル-2,3-ジメチルイミダゾリウムヨージド
TMSP:4-トリメチルシリルピリジン
Claims (6)
- 光触媒膜を有する作用電極と、対向電極と、電解質含有層又は固体電荷移動層とを具備する色素増感太陽電池であって、
上記電解質含有層又は固体電荷移動層に塩基性化合物を含み、光触媒膜が、下記一般式(1)で表される色素化合物を含む酸化物半導体層により形成されることを特徴とする色素増感太陽電池。
- 上記一般式(1)におけるZが、下記部分構造式(2-1)~(2-5)の何れかで表される請求項1に記載の色素増感太陽電池。
- 塩基性化合物がピリジン誘導体、イミダゾール誘導体又はグアニジン塩である請求項1~3の何れかに記載の色素増感太陽電池。
- 電解質含有層が溶媒を含む層であって、該溶媒に少なくとも3-メトキシプロピオニトリル、プロピレンカーボネート又は3-メチル-1-プロピルイミダゾリウムヨージドを含有することを特徴とする請求項1~4の何れかに記載の色素増感太陽電池。
- 酸化物半導体層を構成する酸化物半導体が酸化チタン又は酸化亜鉛である請求項1~5の何れかに記載の色素増感太陽電池。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12861991.3A EP2800199B1 (en) | 2011-12-28 | 2012-11-27 | Dye-sensitized solar cell |
CN201280053554.7A CN103918050B (zh) | 2011-12-28 | 2012-11-27 | 色素敏化太阳能电池 |
KR1020147011664A KR20140117348A (ko) | 2011-12-28 | 2012-11-27 | 색소증감 태양전지 |
US14/353,661 US9805879B2 (en) | 2011-12-28 | 2012-11-27 | Dye-sensitized solar cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011-288918 | 2011-12-28 | ||
JP2011288918A JP5874140B2 (ja) | 2011-12-28 | 2011-12-28 | 色素増感太陽電池 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013099492A1 true WO2013099492A1 (ja) | 2013-07-04 |
Family
ID=48696991
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2012/080606 WO2013099492A1 (ja) | 2011-12-28 | 2012-11-27 | 色素増感太陽電池 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9805879B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2800199B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5874140B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20140117348A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103918050B (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI572680B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013099492A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9324889B2 (en) * | 2011-04-05 | 2016-04-26 | Adeka Corporation | Compound and photoelectric conversion device |
CN103889990A (zh) * | 2011-10-24 | 2014-06-25 | 株式会社艾迪科 | 二苯并[b]呋喃化合物、光电转换材料和光电转换元件 |
JP6042634B2 (ja) * | 2012-05-14 | 2016-12-14 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 色素増感型太陽電池及び色素増感型太陽電池モジュール |
TWI497546B (zh) * | 2014-01-15 | 2015-08-21 | Univ Vanung | 一種網狀構造膠態高分子電解質及其製造方法 |
EP3288051A4 (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2019-01-16 | Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co. Ltd. | DYESIZED SOLAR CELL AND ELECTROLYSIS SOLUTION FOR COLOR-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL |
Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH08259543A (ja) | 1994-12-21 | 1996-10-08 | Asulab Sa | 疎水性液状塩とその生成法ならびに電気化学への応用 |
JPH09507334A (ja) | 1993-02-03 | 1997-07-22 | エコール ポリテクニーク フェデラル ドゥ ローザンヌ | 光電気化学電池及びこの電池用の電解液 |
JP2002075474A (ja) * | 2000-08-25 | 2002-03-15 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 光電変換素子および光電池 |
JP2003168493A (ja) | 2001-11-30 | 2003-06-13 | Tdk Corp | 色素増感型太陽電池 |
JP2003331936A (ja) | 2002-05-13 | 2003-11-21 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | ピリジン及び/又はピリジン系化合物を含む電解質溶液を用いた光電変換素子及びそれを用いた色素増感型太陽電池 |
JP2005093313A (ja) | 2003-09-19 | 2005-04-07 | Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd | 色素増感型光電変換素子用電解質組成物、それを用いた光電変換素子。 |
JP2007531206A (ja) | 2004-03-31 | 2007-11-01 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 光電変換素子用電解質並びにその電解質を含む光電変換素子及び色素増感太陽電池 |
JP2008063390A (ja) | 2006-09-05 | 2008-03-21 | Gunma Univ | 色素増感太陽電池用色素及びこの色素を用いた光電変換素子並びに色素増感太陽電池 |
JP2010027749A (ja) | 2008-07-17 | 2010-02-04 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | 光電変換素子用材料 |
JP2011026412A (ja) | 2009-07-23 | 2011-02-10 | Tdk Corp | 光電変換素子用色素および光電変換素子 |
EP2386607A2 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2011-11-16 | Dongjin Semichem Co., Ltd. | Novel organic dye containing trialkoxysilyl group and method for preparing same |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100918049B1 (ko) | 2007-11-28 | 2009-09-18 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 염료 감응 태양 전지용 염료 및 이를 포함하는 염료 감응태양 전지 |
CN101275037A (zh) | 2008-04-08 | 2008-10-01 | 淮海工学院 | 香豆素型半菁染料及其制备方法 |
CN101294004B (zh) | 2008-04-21 | 2011-12-21 | 大连七色光太阳能科技开发有限公司 | 一类吩恶嗪染料及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用 |
-
2011
- 2011-12-28 JP JP2011288918A patent/JP5874140B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-11-27 US US14/353,661 patent/US9805879B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-11-27 EP EP12861991.3A patent/EP2800199B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2012-11-27 KR KR1020147011664A patent/KR20140117348A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2012-11-27 WO PCT/JP2012/080606 patent/WO2013099492A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-11-27 CN CN201280053554.7A patent/CN103918050B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-12-13 TW TW101147232A patent/TWI572680B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09507334A (ja) | 1993-02-03 | 1997-07-22 | エコール ポリテクニーク フェデラル ドゥ ローザンヌ | 光電気化学電池及びこの電池用の電解液 |
JPH08259543A (ja) | 1994-12-21 | 1996-10-08 | Asulab Sa | 疎水性液状塩とその生成法ならびに電気化学への応用 |
JP2002075474A (ja) * | 2000-08-25 | 2002-03-15 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 光電変換素子および光電池 |
JP2003168493A (ja) | 2001-11-30 | 2003-06-13 | Tdk Corp | 色素増感型太陽電池 |
JP2003331936A (ja) | 2002-05-13 | 2003-11-21 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | ピリジン及び/又はピリジン系化合物を含む電解質溶液を用いた光電変換素子及びそれを用いた色素増感型太陽電池 |
JP2005093313A (ja) | 2003-09-19 | 2005-04-07 | Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd | 色素増感型光電変換素子用電解質組成物、それを用いた光電変換素子。 |
JP2007531206A (ja) | 2004-03-31 | 2007-11-01 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 光電変換素子用電解質並びにその電解質を含む光電変換素子及び色素増感太陽電池 |
JP2008063390A (ja) | 2006-09-05 | 2008-03-21 | Gunma Univ | 色素増感太陽電池用色素及びこの色素を用いた光電変換素子並びに色素増感太陽電池 |
JP2010027749A (ja) | 2008-07-17 | 2010-02-04 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | 光電変換素子用材料 |
EP2386607A2 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2011-11-16 | Dongjin Semichem Co., Ltd. | Novel organic dye containing trialkoxysilyl group and method for preparing same |
JP2011026412A (ja) | 2009-07-23 | 2011-02-10 | Tdk Corp | 光電変換素子用色素および光電変換素子 |
Non-Patent Citations (7)
Title |
---|
ELECTROCHEMISTRY, vol. 2, 2002, pages 130 - 136 |
INORG. CHEM., vol. 35, 1996, pages 1168 - 1178 |
KAKIAGE K: "High Performance of Si-O-Ti Bonds for Anchoring Sensitizing Dyes on Ti02 Electrodes in Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Evidenced by Using Alkoxysilylazobenzenes", CHEMISTRY LETTERS, vol. 39, no. 3, 2010, pages 260 - 262, XP055076528 * |
See also references of EP2800199A4 |
X. FAN, APPL. PHYS. LETT., vol. 90, 2007, pages 073501 |
Y. YOSHIDA, APPL. PHYS. LETT., vol. 94, 2009, pages 093301 - 093302 |
ZHOU YF: "Performances improvement of eosin Y sensitized solar cells by modifying Ti02 electrode with silane-coupling reagent", CHINESE SCIENE BULLETIN, vol. 54, no. 15, 2009, pages 2633 - 2640, XP008173222 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US9805879B2 (en) | 2017-10-31 |
CN103918050B (zh) | 2016-12-07 |
JP5874140B2 (ja) | 2016-03-02 |
US20140299191A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
CN103918050A (zh) | 2014-07-09 |
TW201333121A (zh) | 2013-08-16 |
JP2013137963A (ja) | 2013-07-11 |
EP2800199A1 (en) | 2014-11-05 |
EP2800199A4 (en) | 2015-11-04 |
EP2800199B1 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
KR20140117348A (ko) | 2014-10-07 |
TWI572680B (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1981047B1 (en) | Photoelectric conversion device | |
JP5874140B2 (ja) | 色素増感太陽電池 | |
JP6145407B2 (ja) | 新規化合物及びこの新規化合物を担持した担持体 | |
JP4999334B2 (ja) | 色素化合物、該化合物を用いた光電変換素子及び光電気化学電池 | |
WO2014103831A1 (ja) | 担持体及び光電変換素子 | |
JP5606754B2 (ja) | 色素増感型太陽電池 | |
JP5914462B2 (ja) | 新規化合物及び光電変換素子 | |
WO2015178257A1 (ja) | 担持方法、担持体及び光電変換素子 | |
JP2007112987A (ja) | 化合物、光電変換素子及び光電気化学電池 | |
JP5235952B2 (ja) | ツイッターイオン型有機塩 | |
KR20140139481A (ko) | 신규 화합물 및 이 신규 화합물을 담지한 담지체 | |
JP2006004736A (ja) | 光電変換素子及び光電変換素子用色素 | |
JP5482290B2 (ja) | 光電変換素子 | |
JP2010056029A (ja) | 光電変換素子 | |
EP2838128A1 (en) | Dye-sensitized solar cells and methods of making same | |
WO2016108269A1 (ja) | 化合物、担持体及び光電変換素子 | |
WO2015118986A1 (ja) | 担持体及び光電変換素子 | |
JP2016219653A (ja) | 担持体及び光電変換素子 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 12861991 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
DPE1 | Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14353661 Country of ref document: US |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20147011664 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2012861991 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2012861991 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |