WO2014103831A1 - 担持体及び光電変換素子 - Google Patents
担持体及び光電変換素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014103831A1 WO2014103831A1 PCT/JP2013/083891 JP2013083891W WO2014103831A1 WO 2014103831 A1 WO2014103831 A1 WO 2014103831A1 JP 2013083891 W JP2013083891 W JP 2013083891W WO 2014103831 A1 WO2014103831 A1 WO 2014103831A1
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- 125000005740 oxycarbonyl group Chemical group [*:1]OC([*:2])=O 0.000 description 1
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- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001007 phthalocyanine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- ZFFFXKCZHWHRET-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl n-(2-bromo-6-chloropyridin-3-yl)carbamate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1Br ZFFFXKCZHWHRET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UQFSVBXCNGCBBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium iodide Chemical compound [I-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC UQFSVBXCNGCBBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VRKHAMWCGMJAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrahexylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCCCC[N+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC VRKHAMWCGMJAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- FBLZDUAOBOMSNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapentylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCCC[N+](CCCCC)(CCCCC)CCCCC FBLZDUAOBOMSNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GKXDJYKZFZVASJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC GKXDJYKZFZVASJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001003 triarylmethane dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KKLAORVGAKUOPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(phenyl)azanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 KKLAORVGAKUOPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B1/00—Dyes with anthracene nucleus not condensed with any other ring
- C09B1/16—Amino-anthraquinones
- C09B1/20—Preparation from starting materials already containing the anthracene nucleus
- C09B1/26—Dyes with amino groups substituted by hydrocarbon radicals
- C09B1/32—Dyes with amino groups substituted by hydrocarbon radicals substituted by aryl groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B17/00—Azine dyes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B19/00—Oxazine dyes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B21/00—Thiazine dyes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
- C09B23/0008—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes substituted on the polymethine chain
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
- C09B23/0008—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes substituted on the polymethine chain
- C09B23/005—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes substituted on the polymethine chain the substituent being a COOH and/or a functional derivative thereof
- C09B23/0058—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes substituted on the polymethine chain the substituent being a COOH and/or a functional derivative thereof the substituent being CN
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
- C09B23/02—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing an odd number of >CH- or >C[alkyl]- groups
- C09B23/04—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing an odd number of >CH- or >C[alkyl]- groups one >CH- group, e.g. cyanines, isocyanines, pseudocyanines
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- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
- C09B23/02—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing an odd number of >CH- or >C[alkyl]- groups
- C09B23/06—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing an odd number of >CH- or >C[alkyl]- groups three >CH- groups, e.g. carbocyanines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
- C09B23/10—The polymethine chain containing an even number of >CH- groups
- C09B23/105—The polymethine chain containing an even number of >CH- groups two >CH- groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
- C09B23/10—The polymethine chain containing an even number of >CH- groups
- C09B23/107—The polymethine chain containing an even number of >CH- groups four >CH- groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
- C09B23/14—Styryl dyes
- C09B23/145—Styryl dyes the ethylene chain carrying an heterocyclic residue, e.g. heterocycle-CH=CH-C6H5
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B3/00—Dyes with an anthracene nucleus condensed with one or more carbocyclic rings
- C09B3/14—Perylene derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B47/00—Porphines; Azaporphines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B55/00—Azomethine dyes
- C09B55/009—Azomethine dyes, the C-atom of the group -C=N- being part of a ring (Image)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B56/00—Azo dyes containing other chromophoric systems
- C09B56/02—Azomethine-azo dyes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B57/00—Other synthetic dyes of known constitution
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B57/00—Other synthetic dyes of known constitution
- C09B57/008—Triarylamine dyes containing no other chromophores
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B57/00—Other synthetic dyes of known constitution
- C09B57/10—Metal complexes of organic compounds not being dyes in uncomplexed form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B69/00—Dyes not provided for by a single group of this subclass
- C09B69/008—Dyes containing a substituent, which contains a silicium atom
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/204—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising zinc oxides, e.g. ZnO
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
- H01G9/2063—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution comprising a mixture of two or more dyes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/655—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom comprising only sulfur as heteroatom
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6574—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only oxygen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. cumarine dyes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a carrier, a photoelectric conversion element provided with an electrode having this carrier, and a novel compound.
- dyes are widely used in various technical fields.
- dyes having a photosensitizing action are used for dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion elements.
- This dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element can be expected to have a theoretically high efficiency and is considered to be manufactured at a lower cost than a conventional photoelectric conversion element using a silicon semiconductor.
- the absorption wavelength of the sensitizing dye is limited as compared with silicon, there is a problem that the light use efficiency is low and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device is low.
- Non-patent Document 1 a method of shifting and expanding the absorption wavelength region of the sensitizing dye to the longer wavelength side
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 are being studied.
- the method (1) it is difficult to make the absorption wavelength range comparable to that of the conventional silicon semiconductor, and in the method (2), it is difficult to efficiently carry a plurality of sensitizing dyes. Even when the absorption wavelength region is expanded, there remain problems that the stability of the dye support is low and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is not improved.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a support for a dye-sensitized solar cell having an extended absorption wavelength range and a support with high photoelectric conversion efficiency and high durability.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a combination of sensitizing dyes that can solve the above-mentioned problems and a method for producing a carrier using these sensitizing dyes.
- the objective of this invention is providing the novel sensitizing dye for solving the said subject.
- the present invention provides a carrier comprising at least one of the following (A) and at least one of the following (B).
- the spacer is a carbon atom or a carbon atom and an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, a silicon atom, and a sulfur atom, provided that three nitrogen atoms are not continuous and atoms other than carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms are not adjacent to each other.
- a sensitizing dye which is composed of one or more atoms selected from the above, and the spacer may have a branched chain or a ring structure.
- B A sensitizing dye having a ⁇ -conjugated group and at least one anchor group, wherein the ⁇ -conjugated group and at least one anchor group are linked by a direct bond or a C 1-4 spacer having at least one alkylene.
- the spacer is one or more kinds selected from carbon atoms or carbon atoms and oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms, phosphorus atoms, silicon atoms and sulfur atoms under the condition that atoms other than carbon atoms are not adjacent to each other.
- a sensitizing dye which is composed of atoms and the spacer may have a branched chain or a ring structure.
- the present invention also provides a photoelectric conversion element provided with an electrode having the support.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing the carrier.
- the present invention is a compound having a ⁇ -conjugated group and at least one anchor group
- the ⁇ -conjugated group is represented by the following partial structural formula (1 ′)
- the ⁇ -conjugated group and all anchor groups are at least 1
- the spacer is a carbon atom or a carbon atom and an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom and a sulfur under the condition that atoms other than carbon atoms are not adjacent to each other. It is composed of one or more kinds of atoms selected from atoms, and the spacer provides a compound which may have a branched chain or a ring structure.
- a 1 ' is optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an optionally substituted aromatic heterocyclic group
- a 2' is a direct bond or the following formula (A2'-1)
- R 4 ′ and R 5 ′ may be linked to each other to form a ring
- R 4 ′ and R 5 ′ may be independently linked to A 1 ′ to form a ring.
- X ′ represents S, O or NR ′
- R ′ represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group
- the hydrogen atom in the group represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a bromine atom.
- R 6 ′ and R 7 ′ represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group.
- the carrier of the present invention has a wide absorption wavelength range, exhibits good photoelectric conversion efficiency, provides a highly durable carrier and electrode, and is suitable for photoelectric conversion elements such as solar cells.
- the carrier of the present invention can be manufactured with few processes, and a photoelectric conversion element can be manufactured at a lower cost than conventional ones.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of an example of the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the main part of the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention shown in FIG.
- the carrier of the present invention the photoelectric conversion element using the carrier, the method for producing the carrier, and the novel compound used for the carrier of the present invention will be described based on preferred embodiments.
- the carrier of the present invention will be described.
- the material (carrier) used for the carrier of the present invention include organic resins such as acrylic resins and fluororesins, metal oxides such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, and aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, zeolite, activated carbon, and the like. Those having a porous surface are preferred.
- the compound to be supported is characterized by having at least one sensitizing dye having the characteristics (A) and (B). The compound has an anchor group and is adsorbed on the carrier.
- the shape of the carrier is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected depending on the use of the carrier from, for example, a film shape, a powder shape, a granular shape, and the like. Further, the size of the carrier and the loading amount of the sensitizing dyes (A) and (B) in the carrier of the present invention are not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected depending on the use of the carrier.
- the ⁇ -conjugated group in the sensitizing dye described in the above (A) represents a group that is formed by a continuous unsaturated bond and an unshared electron pair and can take a series of resonance structures.
- the hydrogen atom in the ⁇ -conjugated group is a fluorine atom, chlorine atom, iodine atom, cyano group, nitro group, —OR 4 group, —SR 4 group, —NR 4 R 5 group or fluorine atom, chlorine atom, iodine atom , A cyano group, a nitro group, a —OR 4 group, a —SR 4 group or a —NR 4 R 5 group, may be substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may be substituted.
- R 4 and R 5 represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group.
- the group represented by R 4 or R 5 may be a group having a spacer and an anchor group.
- the sensitizing dye of (A) includes a nitrogen atom in the ⁇ -conjugated group and / or a group that substitutes the ⁇ -conjugated group is substituted with —NR 4 R 5 , the photoelectric conversion efficiency described later is increased. This is preferable.
- the unsaturated bond formed continuously has preferably 4 to 60 carbon atoms, and more preferably 4 to 40 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the optionally substituted hydrocarbon group represented by R 4 and R 5 include an aromatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon, and an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
- Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include phenyl, naphthyl, cyclohexylphenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, fluoryl, thiophenylphenyl, furanylphenyl, 2′-phenyl-propylphenyl, benzyl, naphthylmethyl, and the like.
- aliphatic hydrocarbon group examples include aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, isobutyl, amyl, isoamyl, Linear, branched such as t-amyl, hexyl, heptyl, isoheptyl, t-heptyl, n-octyl, isooctyl, t-octyl, nonyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl
- an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms includes —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CO—, —
- —, —NR 15 —, —C ⁇ C—, —C ⁇ C— may be interrupted, and R 15 is aliphatic having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- a hydrocarbon group for example, the same as the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and when the interrupting group includes a carbon atom, the number of carbon atoms including the interrupted group is 1 ⁇ 20,
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group substituted with the aliphatic hydrocarbon group include phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl and the like substituted with the aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
- Examples of the group that may substitute these hydrocarbon groups include a fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom, cyano group, nitro group, hydroxyl group, thiol group, and —NR 4 R 5 group.
- sensitizing dyes (A) a sensitizing dye in which a ⁇ -conjugated group is represented by the following partial structural formula (1) is preferable.
- the bonding position of the spacer include a nitrogen atom (when R 4 or R 5 includes a spacer) and A 2 in the partial structural formula (1) below.
- a 1 is an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an optionally substituted aromatic heterocyclic group
- a 2 is a direct bond or the following formulas (A2-1) to (A2 -19) is a group in which 1 to 9 groups selected from the groups represented by the above formulas are linked, R 4 and R 5 represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, and R 4 and R 5 May be linked to each other to form a ring, and R 4 and R 5 may be independently linked to A 1 to form a ring.
- X represents S, O or NR
- R represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group
- the hydrogen atom in the group is a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom.
- a cyano group, a nitro group, a —OR 6 group, a —SR 6 group, a —NR 6 R 7 group or an optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, R 6 and R 7 are Represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group.
- the group represented by A 1 in the partial structural formula (1) is a divalent group, and may be an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an optionally substituted aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group include an unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
- the aromatic heterocyclic group includes an unsubstituted group. An aromatic heterocyclic group, an aromatic heterocyclic group substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group and the like can be mentioned.
- Divalent unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring groups include 1,2-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene, naphthalene-1,2-diyl, naphthalene-1,3-diyl, naphthalene- 1,4-diyl, naphthalene-1,5-diyl, naphthalene-1,6-diyl, naphthalene-1,7-diyl, naphthalene-1,8-diyl, naphthalene-2,3-diyl, naphthalene-2, 6-diyl, anthracene-1,4-diyl, anthracene-1,5-diyl, anthracene-1,10-diyl, anthracene-9,10-diyl, perylene-3,10-diyl, pyrene-1,6- And diyl, pyrene-2,
- Examples of the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon ring group substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group include, for example, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in which the divalent unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring is 1 to The one substituted at three places is mentioned. Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms are the same as those used in the description of R 4 above.
- divalent unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group examples include furan-2,5-diyl, furan-3,5-diyl, thiophene-2,5-diyl, thiophene-3,5-diyl, and 2H-chromene-3. , 7-diyl, benzothiophene-2,6-diyl, benzothiophene-2,5-diyl and the like.
- Examples of the divalent aromatic heterocyclic group substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group include 1-alkyl-pyrrole-2,5-diyl, 1-alkyl-pyrrole-3,5-diyl, An unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group is substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms at 1 to 3 positions.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms is the same group as described above.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and aromatic heterocyclic group listed above may be further substituted, and the group that may substitute the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and aromatic heterocyclic group is a fluorine atom. Chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom, cyano group, nitro group, hydroxyl group, thiol group, —NR 6 R 7 group and the like. R 6 and R 7 represent the same groups as R 6 and R 7 in the formula (A2-1) ⁇ (A2-19). Moreover, when it has a methylene in an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, two hydrogen atoms may be substituted by the same oxygen atom and may be carbonyl.
- a 2 in the partial structural formula (1) is a group in which 1 to 9 groups selected from direct bonds or groups represented by the formulas (A2-1) to (A2-19) are linked, preferably 1 to 7 linked groups, more preferably 2 to 4 linked groups. When two or more of the above groups are linked, the linked groups may be the same or different.
- the groups represented by the above formulas (A2-1) to (A2-19) can be connected in any direction.
- * means that a group represented by these formulas is bonded to an adjacent group at the * portion (the same applies hereinafter).
- the * part at the end of the group of 1 to 9 linked groups is a hydrogen atom or an anchor group with a spacer having 5 to 20 atoms.
- X represents S, O or NR
- R represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group.
- the optionally substituted hydrocarbon group represented by R is the same as those described above as the optionally substituted hydrocarbon group represented by R 4 .
- the hydrogen atoms contained in the groups represented by the above formulas (A2-1) to (A2-19) are fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom, cyano group, nitro group, —OR 6 group, —SR 6 groups, an —NR 6 R 7 group or an optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, R 6 and R 7 each represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group . These groups that substitute A 2 may be linked to each other to form a ring.
- Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may be substituted include the above-mentioned aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and the substituent which may substitute them is an aromatic hydrocarbon This is the same as those exemplified as the group which may substitute the cyclic group and the aromatic heterocyclic group.
- Examples of the optionally substituted hydrocarbon group represented by R 6 and R 7 include the same hydrocarbon groups as those described above as the optionally substituted hydrocarbon group represented by R 4 .
- Examples of the group that may substitute the hydrocarbon group represented by R 6 and R 7 include those exemplified above as the group that may substitute the hydrocarbon group represented by R 4 .
- a 1 -A 2 moiety in the partial structural formula (1) include the following A (1) to (32).
- the ring structure at the left end is A 1
- the other part corresponds to A 2 .
- a 1 may have a substituent
- a hydrogen atom in A 2 is substituted with a substituent May be.
- the bond described over a plurality of rings means that the bond is bonded to any of carbon atoms constituting those rings (the same applies hereinafter).
- R 4 and R 5 in the partial structural formula (1) may be independently linked to the partial structures of A (1) to A (32) to form a ring.
- the following partial structure (2) is any one of the following partial structures (2-1) to (2-14): It is preferable because it exhibits particularly good characteristics for photoelectric conversion applications. In particular, those having the following partial structures (2-1), (2-2), (2-7) or (2-10) are preferred because they are easy to produce and have high photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the bond from A 1 to A 2 is not shown.
- the bond from A 1 to A 2 is attached to any carbon atom constituting the aromatic hydrocarbon ring or aromatic heterocycle. Good.
- R 4 and R 5 are respectively the same as R 4 and R 5 of the above partial structural formula (1)
- R 8, R 9 and R 10 are coordinated known ligand to M 2
- M 1 and M 2 represent a metal element
- the hydrogen atom in the formula is a fluorine atom, chlorine atom, iodine atom, cyano group, nitro group, —OR 6 group, —SR 6 group or substituted
- R 6 represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group.
- (2-6) representing the partial structure (2) as the metal element of M 1 , specifically, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Sn, Yb, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Th, U, Mn, Cu, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, Mo, Ni, Rh, etc.
- Cu, Ti, Ni, Fe, and Zn are preferable, and Cu or Zn is more preferable.
- examples of the metal element of M 2 include metals capable of tetracoordination or hexacoordination, and more preferably Ru, Fe , Os, Cu, W, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pd, Pt, Co, Ir, Rh, Re, Mn, Zn, more preferably Ru, Fe, Os, Cu, and particularly preferably Ru. .
- examples of the known ligand coordinated to M 2 represented by R 8 , R 9 and R 10 include monodentate, didentate, It is a bidentate or tridentate ligand, and the ligand may be a neutral ligand or an anionic ligand.
- Specific ligands are not particularly limited, but preferably include a halogen atom, —NCS, oxalic acid, PPh (OMe) 2 , and more preferably a halogen atom and —NCS.
- the anchor group is not particularly limited as long as it is a group that can be adsorbed on a carrier, but usually a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphonic acid group, —SiR 1 R 2 R 3 (R 1 , R 2 And R 3 is a hydrogen atom, an allyl group, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group).
- the sensitizing dye (A) may have at least one anchor group, and may have two or more anchor groups. When there are two or more anchor groups, one of the listed anchor groups may be used, or a plurality of types may be combined.
- a carboxylic acid group and —SiR 1 R 2 R 3 are preferable.
- a carboxylic acid group is used as the anchor group, it is preferable that there are two or more anchor groups (two carboxylic acid groups or a combination of a carboxylic acid group and another anchor group).
- the R 1, R 2, and preferably at least one of R 3 is an alkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 ⁇ 4, R 1, R 2 and R 3 More preferably, all are alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the spacer having 5 to 20 atoms in the sensitizing dye (A) is not particularly limited as long as it has at least one alkylene in the spacer.
- the number of atoms of 5 to 20 means that the connection between the ⁇ -conjugated group and the anchor group is as short as 5 to 20 atoms, and even if it contains a ring structure, there is no problem.
- the number of atoms is preferably 6-18, and more preferably 7-15.
- the spacer is composed of a carbon atom, an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, a silicon atom, and a sulfur atom (hydrogen atoms are appropriately bonded to these atoms).
- Particularly preferred spacers include divalent aliphatic hydrocarbons, divalent aromatic hydrocarbons, —CH ⁇ CH—, —C ⁇ C—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, It is a group of a combination of —NHCO— and —NH— (however, any two of —O—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NHCO— and —NH— are not adjacent to each other). .
- the groups of arylene, —CH ⁇ CH—, —C ⁇ C—, and —NHCO— are groups that form ⁇ conjugation, and are not directly bonded to the ⁇ conjugated group.
- the divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon used for the spacer is a linear or cyclic divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, specifically, methane-1,1-diyl, ethane-1,2-diyl.
- Cyclohexane-1,4-diyl has 4 atoms as a spacer. Examples of the arylene used for the spacer include 1,2-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene and the like.
- 1,2-phenylene has 2 atoms
- 1,3-phenylene has 3 atoms
- 1,4-phenylene has 4 atoms.
- the hydrogen atom bonded to the spacer may be substituted with an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, iodine atom, cyano group, nitro group, hydroxyl group, thiol group, or amino group.
- the optionally substituted hydrocarbon group include an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and a group in which a plurality of these are bonded.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group examples thereof include the same groups as those described above for the aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
- Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group include cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, etc.
- examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, fluorenyl, indenyl, etc.
- a fluorine atom a chlorine atom, an iodine atom, a bromine atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, or an amino group.
- the sensitizing dye of (A) includes, but are not limited to, compounds A-1 to A-101.
- Me represents a methyl group
- Et represents an ethyl group
- Bu represents a butyl group
- Hex represents a hexyl group
- Oct represents an octyl group
- Dec represents a decyl group.
- A-95 and A-96 are compounds not having the partial structural formula (1), but are examples of compounds that can be used as the sensitizing dye of (A).
- the ⁇ -conjugated group in the sensitizing dye described in the above (B) is a group formed of a unsaturated bond and an unshared electron pair in the same manner as the sensitizing dye of (A), and is a group capable of taking a series of resonance structures. Represents that.
- the hydrogen atom in the ⁇ -conjugated group is a fluorine atom, chlorine atom, iodine atom, cyano group, nitro group, —OR 4 group, —SR 4 group, —NR 4 R 5 group or fluorine atom, chlorine atom, iodine atom , A cyano group, a nitro group, a —OR 4 group, a —SR 4 group or a —NR 4 R 5 group, may be substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may be substituted.
- R 4 and R 5 represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group.
- the group represented by R 4 or R 5 may be a group having a spacer and an anchor group.
- the sensitizing dye of (B) contains a nitrogen atom in the ⁇ -conjugated group, it is preferable because of excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the anchor group of the sensitizing dye of (B) the thing similar to the anchor group of the sensitizing dye of (A) can be mentioned.
- the sensitizing dye is not particularly limited as long as the ⁇ -conjugated group and at least one anchor group are linked by a direct bond or a spacer having 1 to 4 atoms having at least one alkylene.
- Examples of the spacer include those listed as examples of the spacer having 5 to 20 atoms of the sensitizing dye (A) except that the number of atoms is 1 to 4.
- the above-mentioned various divalent groups or combinations thereof may be mentioned as preferable sensitizing dye spacers of (A).
- sensitizing dye of (B) cyanine dyes, indoline dyes, xanthene dyes, coumarin dyes, triarylmethane dyes, indigo dyes, oxonol dyes, porphyrin dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, azo dyes
- examples include dyes, quinone dyes, quinoneimine dyes, squarylium dyes, perylenetetracarboxylic acid derivatives, ruthenium metal complexes, and the like.
- a cyanine dye an indoline dye, a squarylium dye, a ruthenium metal complex, or a porphyrin dye, and it is particularly preferable to use a cyanine dye or a ruthenium metal complex.
- sensitizing dye (B) examples include the following Nos.
- Examples of the compound include B-1 to B-17, but are not limited thereto.
- Bu represents a butyl group
- Hex represents a hexyl group
- Non represents a nonyl group
- Dec represents a decyl group.
- the sensitizing dyes (A) and (B) in combination it is preferable that the (maximum) absorption wavelength range of the sensitizing dye (A) and the (maximum) absorption wavelength range of (B) are different. Although it is usually preferable that the maximum absorption wavelength of (B) is longer than the maximum absorption wavelength of (A), this need not be the case.
- the difference between the maximum absorption wavelength of (A) and the maximum absorption wavelength of (B) is preferably 100 nm to 350 nm because the absorption wavelength range of the photoelectric conversion element is widened. When the wavelength is smaller than 100 nm, the absorption wavelength range is not sufficiently widened, and the effect of using the sensitizing dye is reduced.
- the effect of using the sensitizing dye of (A) is reduced, which is not preferable. This is because (A) alone has a long distance from the carrier (the spacer length is long), so that the electron injection efficiency from the sensitizing dye to the carrier is low.
- the total ratio of the sensitizing dyes (A) and (B) is 70 to 100 mol%, and the other dyes are used in an amount of 0 to 30 mol%. Is preferred. Since other dyes do not have an anchor group, the use of more than 30 mol% may decrease the stability of the photoelectric conversion element.
- the ratio of the loading amount of the sensitizing dye (A) and the sensitizing dye (B) is such that the sensitizing dye (B) is 1 mol per 1 mol of the sensitizing dye (A).
- the amount is preferably 0.01 to 100 mol, more preferably 0.1 to 10 mol.
- the sensitizing dye used in the support of the present invention As a method for supporting the sensitizing dye used in the support of the present invention, known methods such as gas phase adsorption and liquid phase adsorption can be used. For example, as an example of liquid phase adsorption, (A) And a method in which the sensitizing dye of (B) is dissolved in a solvent and adsorbed by immersing the carrier in the solution.
- the carrier of the present invention can also be obtained by dissolving the sensitizing dye (A) and the sensitizing dye (B) in another solvent and immersing the carrier in each solution. Further, as an excellent point of the present invention, the sensitizing dye (A) and the sensitizing dye (B) are both dissolved, and are excellent in that they can be simultaneously adsorbed on the carrier using a mixed solution of the dye. is there.
- a metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 having a porous structure is formed on the surface of the conductive substrate 11 on which the conductive layer 11B is formed by electrolytic deposition or firing.
- electrolytic deposition for example, an electrolytic bath containing a metal salt to be a metal oxide semiconductor material is set to a predetermined temperature while bubbling with oxygen or air, and the conductive substrate 11 is placed therein. Immerse and apply a constant voltage between the counter electrode. Thereby, a metal oxide semiconductor material is deposited on the conductive layer 11B so as to have a porous structure. At this time, the counter electrode may be appropriately moved in the electrolytic bath.
- a metal oxide slurry prepared by dispersing a powder of a metal oxide semiconductor material in a dispersion medium is applied to the conductive substrate 11 and dried, followed by firing. Have a porous structure. Subsequently, a dye solution in which the dye 13 containing both the sensitizing dye (A) and the sensitizing dye (B) is dissolved in an organic solvent is prepared. By immersing the conductive substrate 11 on which the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is formed in this dye solution, the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 carries the dye 13.
- the carrier of the present invention carrying the sensitizing dyes (A) and (B) can be suitably used for a photoelectric conversion element described below, and can also be used for a catalyst, a toner, and the like.
- the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention is a dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element, and is the same as the conventional dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element except that the sensitizing dyes (A) and (B) are used as the dye. be able to.
- the sensitizing dyes (A) and (B) are used as the dye.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a cross-sectional configuration of an example of the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention
- FIG. 2 shows an enlarged and extracted main part of the photoelectric conversion element shown in FIG.
- the photoelectric conversion element shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a main part of a so-called dye-sensitized solar cell.
- the working electrode 10 and the counter electrode 20 are arranged to face each other with the electrolyte-containing layer 30 interposed therebetween, and at least one of the working electrode 10 and the counter electrode 20 is an electrode having optical transparency. It is.
- the working electrode 10 includes, for example, a conductive substrate 11, a metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 provided on one surface thereof (a surface on the counter electrode 20 side), and a dye 13 supported on the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12. And have.
- the dye 13 contains at least one sensitizing dye (A) and at least one sensitizing dye (B), and supports the dye 13 and the dye 13.
- a composite body with the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is the carrier of the present invention.
- the working electrode 10 functions as a negative electrode for the external circuit.
- the conductive substrate 11 is obtained by providing a conductive layer 11B on the surface of an insulating substrate 11A.
- Examples of the material of the substrate 11A include insulating materials such as glass and plastic.
- the plastic is used, for example, in the form of a transparent polymer film.
- Examples of the plastic forming the transparent polymer film include tetraacetyl cellulose (TAC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and syndiotactic polystyrene ( Examples thereof include SPS), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polycarbonate (PC), polyarylate (PAR), polysulfone (PSF), polyester sulfone (PES), polyetherimide (PEI), cyclic polyolefin, and brominated phenoxy.
- TAC tetraacetyl cellulose
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- syndiotactic polystyrene examples thereof include SPS), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polycarbonate (
- Examples of the conductive layer 11B include a conductive metal oxide thin film including indium oxide, tin oxide, indium-tin composite oxide (ITO), or tin oxide doped with fluorine (FTO: F—SnO 2 ). , Gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt) or the like, a metal thin film and metal mesh, those formed of a conductive polymer, and the like.
- the conductive substrate 11 may be configured to have a single-layer structure with, for example, a conductive material.
- a conductive material examples include indium oxide, tin oxide, Examples thereof include conductive metal oxides such as indium-tin composite oxide or tin oxide doped with fluorine, metals such as gold, silver or platinum, and conductive polymers.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is a carrier that supports the dye 13, and has, for example, a porous structure as shown in FIG.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is formed of a dense layer 12A and a porous layer 12B.
- the dense layer 12A is formed at the interface with the conductive substrate 11, is preferably dense and has few voids, and more preferably is a film.
- the porous layer 12B is preferably formed on the surface in contact with the electrolyte-containing layer 30, has a large space and a large surface area, and more preferably has a structure in which porous fine particles are attached.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 may be formed to have, for example, a film-like single layer structure.
- the term “support” refers to a state in which the dye 13 is chemically or physically or electrically bonded or adsorbed to the porous layer 12B.
- Examples of the material (metal oxide semiconductor material) included in the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 include titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, indium oxide, zirconium oxide, tantalum oxide, vanadium oxide, yttrium oxide, and oxide. Aluminum, magnesium oxide, etc. are mentioned. Among these, titanium oxide and zinc oxide are preferable as the metal oxide semiconductor material because high conversion efficiency can be obtained. Further, any one of these metal oxide semiconductor materials may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination (mixed, mixed crystal, solid solution, surface coating, etc.). A combination of titanium oxide and zinc oxide can also be used.
- Examples of the method for forming the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 having a porous structure include an electrolytic deposition method, a coating method, and a firing method.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is formed by electrolytic deposition, the fine particles are deposited on the conductive layer 11B of the conductive substrate 11 in the electrolytic bath liquid containing the fine particles of the metal oxide semiconductor material and the metal.
- An oxide semiconductor material is deposited.
- a dispersion liquid metal oxide slurry
- a dispersion liquid metal oxide slurry in which fine particles of a metal oxide semiconductor material are dispersed is applied on the conductive substrate 11, and then in the dispersion liquid. Dry to remove the dispersion medium.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is formed by the sintering method
- the metal oxide slurry is applied onto the conductive substrate 11 and dried, as in the coating method, and then fired.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is formed by an electrolytic deposition method or a coating method
- a plastic material or a polymer film material having low heat resistance can be used as the substrate 11A, and thus a highly flexible electrode is manufactured. Can do.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 may be processed using an organic base, a urea derivative, or a cyclic sugar chain.
- organic base include organic bases such as diarylamine, triarylamine, pyridine, 4-t-butylpyridine, polyvinylpyridine, quinoline, piperidine, and amidine.
- the treatment may be performed before or after adsorbing the dye 13 described below.
- the treatment method includes dipping treatment. When the treatment agent is solid, the dipping treatment may be performed after dissolving in an organic solvent.
- the dye 13 is, for example, adsorbed to the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12, and is capable of injecting electrons into the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 by absorbing light and being excited. Contains more than one type of dye (sensitizing dye).
- the one containing at least one sensitizing dye (A) and at least one sensitizing dye (B) corresponds to the dye 13.
- the dye 13 as a whole has electrons to the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 corresponding to the amount of light irradiated. Since the ratio of the injection amount becomes high, the conversion efficiency is improved.
- the dye 13 only needs to contain at least one sensitizing dye (A) and at least one sensitizing dye (B), and may contain other dyes. Examples of other dyes include dyes that do not have an anchor group.
- dye 13 may contain the 1 type (s) or 2 or more types of additive other than the above-mentioned pigment
- the additive include an association inhibitor that suppresses association of the compound in the dye, and specifically, a cholic acid compound represented by the chemical formula (14). These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- R91 is an alkyl group having an acidic group or an alkoxysilyl group.
- R92 represents a group bonded to any of the carbon atoms constituting the steroid skeleton in the chemical formula, and represents a hydroxyl group, a halogen group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group.
- t is an integer of 1 to 5.
- the bond between the carbon atoms constituting the steroid skeleton in the chemical formula may be a single bond or a double bond.
- the counter electrode 20 is, for example, a conductive substrate 21 provided with a conductive layer 22 and functions as a positive electrode for an external circuit.
- Examples of the material of the conductive substrate 21 include the same materials as those of the substrate 11 ⁇ / b> A of the conductive substrate 11 of the working electrode 10.
- the conductive layer 22 includes one type or two or more types of conductive material and a binder as necessary. Examples of the conductive material used for the conductive layer 22 include platinum, gold, silver, copper (Cu), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), and indium (In). Examples include metals, carbon (C), and conductive polymers.
- binder used for the conductive layer 22 examples include acrylic resin, polyester resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, cellulose, melamine resin, fluoroelastomer, and polyimide resin.
- the counter electrode 20 may have a single layer structure of the conductive layer 22, for example.
- the electrolyte-containing layer 30 includes, for example, a redox electrolyte having a redox pair.
- the redox electrolyte include I ⁇ / I 3 ⁇ system, Br ⁇ / Br 3 ⁇ system, quinone / hydroquinone system, Co complex system, and nitroxy radical compound system.
- halide salt examples include cesium halide, quaternary alkylammonium halides, imidazolium halides, thiazolium halides, oxazolium halides, quinolinium halides and pyridinium halides.
- examples of the iodide salt include cesium iodide, tetraethylammonium iodide, tetrapropylammonium iodide, tetrabutylammonium iodide, tetrapentylammonium iodide, tetrahexylammonium iodide, and tetraheptyl.
- Quaternary alkylammonium iodides such as ammonium iodide or trimethylphenylammonium iodide, imidazolium iodides such as 3-methylimidazolium iodide or 1-propyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium iodide, 3-ethyl-2-methyl-2-thiazolium iodide, 3-ethyl-5- (2-hydroxyethyl) -4-methylthiazolium iodide or 3-ethyl-2-methylbenzothiazolium iodide Cheer such as de Lithium iodides, oxazolium iodides such as 3-ethyl-2-methyl-benzoxazolium iodide, quinolinium iodides such as 1-ethyl-2-methylquinolinium iodide, Examples include pyridinium iodides.
- bromide salt examples include quaternary alkyl ammonium bromide.
- combinations of halide salts and simple halogens combinations of at least one of the above-described iodide salts and simple iodine are preferable.
- the redox electrolyte may be, for example, a combination of an ionic liquid and a halogen simple substance.
- the above-described halide salt and the like may further be included.
- the ionic liquid include those that can be used in batteries, solar cells, and the like.
- the ionic liquid a salt having a melting point lower than room temperature (25 ° C.), or a salt that has a melting point higher than room temperature and is liquefied at room temperature by dissolving with another molten salt or the like is preferable.
- Specific examples of the ionic liquid include the following anions and cations.
- Examples of the cation of the ionic liquid include ammonium, imidazolium, oxazolium, thiazolium, oxadiazolium, triazolium, pyrrolidinium, pyridinium, piperidinium, pyrazolium, pyrimidinium, pyrazinium, triazinium, phosphonium, sulfonium, carbazolium, indolium, or those And derivatives thereof. These may be used alone or as a mixture of plural kinds.
- Specific examples include 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, and the like. .
- anion of the ionic liquid examples include metal chlorides such as AlCl 4 ⁇ or Al 2 Cl 7 — , PF 6 ⁇ , BF 4 ⁇ , CF 3 SO 3 ⁇ , N (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 ⁇ , F ( HF) n - or CF 3 COO - or fluorine-containing substances such as ions, NO 3 -, CH 3 COO -, C 6 H 11 COO -, CH 3 OSO 3 -, CH 3 OSO 2 -, CH 3 SO 3 - Non-fluorine compound ions such as CH 3 SO 2 ⁇ , (CH 3 O) 2 PO 2 ⁇ , N (CN) 2 ⁇ or SCN ⁇ , and halide ions such as iodide ions or bromide ions. These may be used alone or as a mixture of plural kinds. Among these, iodide ions are preferable as the anions of the ionic liquid.
- the electrolyte-containing layer 30 may be a liquid electrolyte (electrolytic solution) obtained by dissolving the above-described redox electrolyte in a solvent, or a solid polymer electrolyte in which the electrolytic solution is held in a polymer substance. May be.
- a quasi-solid (paste-like) electrolyte containing a mixture of an electrolytic solution and a particulate carbon material such as carbon black may be used. Note that in a quasi-solid electrolyte containing a carbon material, since the carbon material has a function of catalyzing a redox reaction, the electrolyte may not contain a single halogen.
- Such a redox electrolyte may contain any one kind or two or more kinds of organic solvents that dissolve the above-described halide salts, ionic liquids, and the like.
- organic solvent include electrochemically inert ones such as acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, propionitrile, butyronitrile, methoxyacetonitrile, 3-methoxypropionitrile, valeronitrile, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, Examples thereof include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, N-methylpyrrolidone, pentanol, quinoline, N, N-dimethylformamide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and 1,4-dioxane.
- the electrolyte-containing layer 30 is provided with a non-cyclic saccharide (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-093313) and a pyridine-based compound (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-331936) for the purpose of improving the power generation efficiency and durability of the photoelectric conversion element. ), Urea derivatives (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-168493), layered clay minerals (Japanese Patent Publication No.
- dibenzylidene-D-sorbitol dibenzylidene-D-sorbitol, cholesterol derivatives, amino acid derivatives, trans- (1R, 2R) -1,
- An alkylamide derivative of 2-cyclohexanediamine, an alkylurea derivative, N-octyl-D-gluconamide benzoate, a double-headed amino acid derivative, a quaternary ammonium derivative, or the like may be added.
- this photoelectric conversion element when light (sunlight or ultraviolet light, visible light, or near infrared light equivalent to sunlight) is applied to the dye 13 carried on the working electrode 10, the light is absorbed.
- the excited dye 13 injects electrons into the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12. After the electrons move to the adjacent conductive layer 11B, they reach the counter electrode 20 via an external circuit.
- the electrolyte-containing layer 30 the electrolyte is oxidized so that the oxidized dye 13 is returned (reduced) to the ground state as the electrons move.
- the oxidized electrolyte is reduced by receiving the electrons that have reached the counter electrode 20. In this way, the movement of electrons between the working electrode 10 and the counter electrode 20 and the accompanying oxidation-reduction reaction in the electrolyte-containing layer 30 are repeated. Thereby, continuous movement of electrons occurs, and photoelectric conversion is constantly performed.
- the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention can be manufactured, for example, as follows.
- the working electrode 10 is produced.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 having a porous structure is formed on the surface of the conductive substrate 11 on which the conductive layer 11B is formed by electrolytic deposition or firing.
- electrolytic deposition for example, an electrolytic bath containing a metal salt to be a metal oxide semiconductor material is set to a predetermined temperature while bubbling with oxygen or air, and the conductive substrate 11 is placed therein. Immerse and apply a constant voltage between the counter electrode. Thereby, a metal oxide semiconductor material is deposited on the conductive layer 11B so as to have a porous structure.
- the counter electrode may be appropriately moved in the electrolytic bath.
- a metal oxide slurry prepared by dispersing a powder of a metal oxide semiconductor material in a dispersion medium is applied to the conductive substrate 11 and dried, followed by firing. Have a porous structure. Subsequently, a dye solution in which a dye 13 containing at least one sensitizing dye (A) and at least one sensitizing dye (B) is dissolved in an organic solvent is prepared. By immersing the conductive substrate 11 on which the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is formed in this dye solution, the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 carries the dye 13.
- the concentration of each of the sensitizing dyes (A) and (B) in the dye solution is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mol / dm 3 , and 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5. More preferably, it is ⁇ 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol / dm 3 .
- the organic solvent used in the dye solution is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the sensitizing dyes (A) and (B).
- hydrocarbons such as toluene, benzene, xylene
- Alcohols such as ethanol and t-butanol
- ether alcohols such as methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve and butyl diglycol
- ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone and diacetone alcohol
- ethyl acetate, butyl acetate Esters such as methoxyethyl acetate; acrylic esters such as ethyl acrylate and butyl acrylate; fluorinated alcohols such as 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropanol; chlorine such as methylene dichloride, dichloroethane and chloroform Carbonization Motorui; acetonitrile, include tetrahydrofuran, may be mixed with these organic solvents arbitrarily. Preferred are
- the counter electrode 20 is produced by forming the conductive layer 22 on one surface of the conductive substrate 21.
- the conductive layer 22 is formed, for example, by sputtering a conductive material.
- a spacer such as a sealant so that the surface of the working electrode 10 carrying the dye 13 and the surface of the counter electrode 20 on which the conductive layer 22 is formed face each other while maintaining a predetermined distance.
- the whole is sealed except for the electrolyte inlet.
- the electrolyte containing layer 30 is formed by injecting an electrolyte between the working electrode 10 and the counter electrode 20 and then sealing the injection port. Thereby, the photoelectric conversion element shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is completed.
- the solid charge transfer layer includes, for example, a material in which carrier movement in the solid is related to electric conduction. As this material, an electron transport material, a hole transport material, or the like is preferable.
- aromatic amines, triphenylene derivatives and the like are preferable.
- organic conductive polymers such as derivatives thereof, polythienylene vinylene or derivatives thereof, polythiophene or derivatives thereof, polyaniline or derivatives thereof, polytoluidine or derivatives thereof, and the like can be given.
- a p-type inorganic compound semiconductor may be used as the hole transport material.
- the p-type inorganic compound semiconductor preferably has a band gap of 2 eV or more, and more preferably 2.5 eV or more.
- the ionization potential of the p-type inorganic compound semiconductor needs to be smaller than the ionization potential of the working electrode 10 from the condition that the holes of the dye can be reduced.
- the preferred range of the ionization potential of the p-type inorganic compound semiconductor varies depending on the dye used, but the ionization potential is preferably in the range of 4.5 eV to 5.5 eV, and more preferably 4.7 eV to 5. More preferably, it is within the range of 3 eV or less.
- Examples of the p-type inorganic compound semiconductor include a compound semiconductor containing monovalent copper.
- Examples of other p-type inorganic compound semiconductors include GaP, NiO, CoO, FeO, Bi 2 O 3 , MoO 2, and Cr 2 O 3 .
- the hole transport material containing the organic conductive polymer is introduced into the electrode by a technique such as a vacuum deposition method, a casting method, a coating method, a spin coating method, a dipping method, an electrolytic polymerization method, or a photoelectrolytic polymerization method. Can do. Also in the case of an inorganic solid compound, it can be introduced into the electrode by a technique such as a casting method, a coating method, a spin coating method, a dipping method, or an electrolytic plating method. A part of the solid charge transfer layer (particularly, having a hole transport material) formed in this way partially penetrates into the gap of the porous structure of the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 and is in direct contact with it. It is preferable to become.
- the combination of the sensitizing dyes (A) and (B) can be used in the photoelectric conversion element provided with a solid charge transfer layer instead of the electrolyte containing layer 30 as in the case where the electrolyte containing layer 30 is provided. Can be improved.
- the use application of the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention is not limited to the use of the solar cell described above, but may be other use. Examples of other applications include an optical sensor.
- the groups represented by R 4 ′ , R 5 ′ , A 1 ′ and A 2 ′ in the partial structural formula (1 ′) are respectively R 4 , R 5 , A 1 and A 2 in the partial structural formula (1). Similar groups are mentioned.
- Examples of the anchor group of the compound of the present invention include the same groups as the anchor group of the sensitizing dye (A) used in the carrier of the present invention.
- Examples of the spacer of the compound of the present invention Can include the same groups as the spacer of the sensitizing dye (A) used in the carrier of the present invention.
- the compound of the present invention corresponds to the sensitizing dye (A) used in the carrier of the present invention and is a novel compound.
- R 4 'and R 5' are 'the same respectively, R 8' and R 5 'R 4) of' the partial structural formula (2, R 9 'and R 10' is, M 2 ' And M 1 ′ and M 2 ′ represent metal elements, and the hydrogen atom in the formula is a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, an iodine atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, —OR 6
- the group may be substituted with a ' group, -SR 6' group or an optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and R 6 ' represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group.
- the compound of the present invention can be obtained by a method utilizing a known or well-known general reaction, and its synthesis method is not particularly limited. Examples of typical synthesis methods are given below. Although the case where the anchor group is a carboxylic acid group is described, compounds having other anchors can be produced in the same manner by appropriately changing the following compound (5 ').
- a spacer is bonded to A 2 ′ of the partial structural formula (1 ′), and the A 2 ′ is represented by the partial structural formulas (A2′-1) to (A2′-19).
- a case where the group is a group obtained by linking two or more groups selected from the group represented by formula (A2′-16) and a part of A 2 ′ is bonded to the spacer will be described.
- the part other than (A2′-16) in A 2 ′ is referred to as Ar 2 ′ .
- the secondary amine compound (5) in which the carboxyl group is protected is obtained by synthesizing amide form (6 ′) by reacting “) and deprotecting with trifluoroacetic acid.
- R 6' and R 5 are the partial structural formula (It is the same as R 6 ′ in (A2′-16), and Z is the same as the spacer defined in the sensitizing dye in (A) above.)
- novel compounds of the present invention can be suitably used for applications such as photoelectric conversion elements in the form of a carrier supported on the carrier described above, as well as optical recording materials, pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, fragrances, dyes, etc. Synthetic intermediates; various functional materials, various polymer raw materials; photoelectrochemical cells, nonlinear optical devices, electrochromic displays, holograms, organic semiconductors, organic ELs; silver halide photographic light-sensitive materials, photosensitizers; printing inks, inkjets Colorants used in electrophotographic color toners, cosmetics, plastics, etc .; protein dyes, luminescent dyes for substance detection; synthetic quartz raw materials, paints, synthetic catalysts, catalyst carriers, surface-coated thin film materials, silicone rubber crosslinks It can also be used for applications such as agents and binders.
- Example 1-1 the above compound No. A-1 was synthesized.
- Example 1-1 Compound No. 1 Synthesis of A-1 B2-1 (0.88 mmol, 400 mg), dimethylformamide (1 ml) and chloroform (10 ml) were charged into a flask, and oxalyl chloride (0.97 mmol, 123 mg) was added and stirred for 1 hour. Thereafter, tertiary butyl 11-aminoundecanoate (0.97 mmol, 248 mg) and diisopropylethylamine (1.75 mmol, 226 mg) were added at 0 ° C., and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour. Water (20 ml) and chloroform (20 ml) were added to the reaction solution, and an oil-water solution was performed.
- the obtained organic layer was purified by silica gel column chromatography (mobile phase; chloroform) to obtain 550 mg (yield 90%) of an orange solid.
- the resulting solid was identified as Compound No. A-1 was confirmed using UV-VIS ( ⁇ max), 1 H-NMR, and IR. The data are shown in [Table 1] to [Table 3].
- Examples 1-2 to 1-10 Compound Nos. Synthesis of A-2 to A-10 Compound No. 1 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that a compound having a carboxylic acid corresponding to the target compound and an amine compound were used. A-2 to A-10 were synthesized. Appearance and yield are shown in [Table 1]. It was confirmed in the same manner as in Example 1-1 that the synthesized compound was the target compound. The data are shown in [Table 1] to [Table 3].
- Example 1-11 Compound No. 1 Synthesis of A-11 Compound No. A-1 (0.05 mmol, 30 mg), dimethylformamide (0.1 ml) and chloroform (2 ml) were charged into a flask, and oxalyl chloride (0.06 mmol, 8 mg) was added and stirred for 1 hour. Thereafter, 4-trimethoxysilylaniline (0.05 mmol, 10 mg) and diisopropylethylamine (0.09 mmol, 12 mg) were added at 0 ° C. and stirred for 1 hour. Water (10 ml) and chloroform (10 ml) were added to the reaction solution, and an oil-water solution was performed.
- Example 1-15 Compound No. 1 Synthesis of A-15
- Raw material 1 (4.71 g), N, N′-diphenylformamidine (2.94 g), and ethanol (10 ml) were charged and stirred at 70 ° C. for 1 hour.
- Chloroform (20 ml) and water (20 ml) were added to perform an oil-water solution, and the organic layer was purified with a silica gel column (chloroform: methanol 10: 1). 2.74 g of A-15 was obtained. It was confirmed in the same manner as in Example 1-1 that the synthesized compound was the target compound.
- the data are shown in [Table 1] to [Table 3].
- Example 1-16 Compound No. 1 Synthesis of A-16
- Raw material 1 (1.00 g), chloroform (3.60 g), 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde (0.24 g) and piperazine (0.018 g) were charged and stirred at 60 ° C. for 2 hours.
- the data are shown in [Table 1] to [Table 3].
- Examples 1-17 to 1-33 Compound Nos. Synthesis of A-41 to A-57 Compound No. 1 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that a compound having a carboxylic acid corresponding to the target compound and an amine compound were used. A-41 to A-57 were synthesized. Appearance and yield are shown in [Table 1]. It was confirmed in the same manner as in Example 1-1 that the synthesized compound was the target compound. The data are shown in [Table 1] to [Table 3].
- TiO 2 Ti-Nanoxide D manufactured by Solaronix
- Example 2-1 ⁇ (B) Dye only electrode> Compound No.
- a dye solution was prepared by dissolving B-1 in toluene to a concentration of 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol / dm 3 . Subsequently, the conductive substrate 11 using zinc oxide as a carrier was immersed in the dye solution, and the working electrode 10 carrying the dye 13 was produced.
- Electrode used in combination with dye Compound No. A-1 and compound no.
- a dye solution was prepared by dissolving B-1 in toluene to a concentration of 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol / dm 3 .
- the conductive substrate 11 using zinc oxide as a carrier was immersed in the dye solution, and the working electrode 10 carrying the dye 13 was produced.
- the produced working electrode 10 and the counter electrode 20 produced by coating graphite particles (conductive layer 22) on an ITO electrode (manufactured by Nishinoda Electric Co., Ltd.) as a conductive substrate 21.
- the electrolyte-containing layer 30 is placed between the spacers (63 ⁇ m), and the electrolyte-containing layer 30 is disposed between them.
- the electrolyte-containing layer 30 is filled with an electrolytic solution [4-t-butylpyridine (to acetonitrile) ( 0.5 mol / dm 3 ), lithium iodide (0.5 mol / dm 3 ), iodine (0.05 mol / dm 3 ) mixed so as to have predetermined concentrations, respectively]
- the upper part of the cell was covered with a 1 cm 2 opening mask, and conversion efficiency (%) was measured with a solar simulator of AM-1.5G, 100 mW / cm 2 .
- the conversion efficiency when using the dye alone electrode was 1, and the conversion efficiency when using the (A) and (B) dye combined electrode was calculated as a relative value. The higher the calculated numerical value, the higher the effect of using the pigment together. When the numerical value is smaller than 1, it indicates that the conversion efficiency is reduced by the combined use. The results are shown in [Table 4].
- Example 2-2 to 2-36 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 In the same manner as in Example 2-1, the conversion efficiency was evaluated according to the dye and carrier (metal oxide semiconductor) in [Table 4]. In the comparative example, the same evaluation was performed using the dye (B2) in [Table 4] instead of the dye (A).
- the dyes listed in (B2) are dyes originally classified as (B), and the comparative example is an example using two kinds of dyes selected from (B). In order to clarify the difference from the present invention, (B) the same evaluation as in the example based on the single conversion efficiency was performed.
- the electrolytic solution is a cobalt-based electrolytic solution [with respect to acetonitrile, a bivalent cobalt complex ([Co (bpy) 3 (PF 6 ) 2 ], 0.22 mol / dm 3 ), a trivalent cobalt complex ([Co (bpy ) 3 (PF 6) 3] , 0.22mol / dm 3), except that lithium perchlorate (0.1mol / dm 3), was changed to each of a mixture to a predetermined concentration] examples Conversion efficiency was evaluated according to the dye and carrier (metal oxide semiconductor) shown in [Table 5] in the same manner as in 2-1.
- the carrier of the present invention is useful because it is clear that it shows high conversion efficiency when used as an electrode for a photoelectric conversion element.
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Abstract
Description
(A)π共役基及び少なくとも1つのアンカー基を有する増感色素であり、前記π共役基とすべてのアンカー基は、少なくとも1つのアルキレンを有する原子数5~20のスペーサーで連結されており、前記スペーサーは、窒素原子が3つ連続せず、炭素原子同士及び窒素原子同士以外の原子は隣り合わない条件で、炭素原子又は炭素原子と酸素原子、窒素原子、リン原子、ケイ素原子及び硫黄原子から選ばれる1種又は複数種の原子により構成され、スペーサーは分岐鎖又は環構造を有していてもよい増感色素。
(B)π共役基及び少なくとも1つのアンカー基を有する増感色素であり、前記π共役基と少なくとも1つのアンカー基は、直接結合又は少なくとも1つのアルキレンを有する原子数1~4のスペーサーで連結されており、前記スペーサーは、炭素原子同士以外の原子は隣り合わない条件で、炭素原子又は炭素原子と酸素原子、窒素原子、リン原子、ケイ素原子及び硫黄原子から選ばれる1種又は複数種の原子により構成され、スペーサーは分岐鎖又は環構造を有していてもよい増感色素。
(式中、A1'は置換されていてもよい芳香族炭化水素環基又は置換されていてもよい芳香族ヘテロ環基であり、A2'は直接結合又は下記式(A2’-1)~(A2’-19)で表される基から選ばれる基を1~9個連結した基であり、R4'及びR5'は、水素原子又は置換されていてもよい炭化水素基を表し、R4'及びR5'は、互いに連結して環を形成してもよく、R4'及びR5'は互いに独立してA1'と連結して環を形成してもよい。)
本発明の担持体に用いられる材料(担体)としては、アクリル樹脂、フッ素樹脂等の有機樹脂、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、酸化アルミニウム等の金属酸化物、酸化ケイ素、ゼオライト、活性炭等が挙げられ、表面が多孔質であるものが好ましい。担持させる化合物としては、上記(A)及び(B)の特徴を有する増感色素を少なくともそれぞれ1種有していることを特徴としている。該化合物は、アンカー基を有することで、担体に吸着する。
該π共役基中の水素原子は、フッ素原子、塩素原子、ヨウ素原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、-OR4基、-SR4基、-NR4R5基又はフッ素原子、塩素原子、ヨウ素原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、-OR4基、-SR4基若しくは-NR4R5基により置換されていてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基で置換されていてもよい。R4及びR5は、水素原子又は置換されていてもよい炭化水素基を表す。尚、R4又はR5で表される基がスペーサー及びアンカー基を有する基であってもよい。
(A)の増感色素が、π共役基に窒素原子を含む、及び/又はπ共役基を置換する基が-NR4R5により置換されている場合、後に説明する光電変換効率が高くなる点で好ましい。また、π共役基の中でも、連なって形成されている不飽和結合の炭素数が4~60であることが好ましく、4~40であることが更に好ましい。
上記芳香族炭化水素基としては、フェニル、ナフチル、シクロヘキシルフェニル、ビフェニル、ターフェニル、フルオレイル、チオフェニルフェニル、フラニルフェニル、2’-フェニル-プロピルフェニル、ベンジル、ナフチルメチル等が挙げられ、
上記脂肪族炭化水素基としては、炭素原子数1~20の脂肪族炭化水素基としては、例えば、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、s-ブチル、t-ブチル、イソブチル、アミル、イソアミル、t-アミル、ヘキシル、ヘプチル、イソヘプチル、t-ヘプチル、n-オクチル、イソオクチル、t-オクチル、ノニル、シクロプロピル、シクロブチル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロヘプチル、シクロオクチル、シクロノニル、シクロデシル等の直鎖、分岐及び環状のアルキル基が挙げられ、炭素原子数1~20の脂肪族炭化水素基は、-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CO-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-NR15-、-C=C-、-C≡C-で中断されていてもよく、R15は炭素原子数1~20の脂肪族炭化水素基であり、その例としては上記炭素原子数1~20の脂肪族炭化水素基と同じであり、中断する基に炭素原子を含む場合、中断される基を含めた炭素原子数が1~20であり、
上記脂肪族炭化水素基で置換された芳香族炭化水素基としては、上記脂肪族炭化水素基で置換されたフェニル、ナフチル、ベンジル等が挙げられる。
これらの炭化水素基を置換してもよい基としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、水酸基、チオール基、-NR4R5基等が挙げられる。
(式中、A1は置換されていてもよい芳香族炭化水素環基又は置換されていてもよい芳香族ヘテロ環基であり、A2は直接結合又は下記式(A2-1)~(A2-19)で表される基から選ばれる基を1~9個連結した基であり、R4及びR5は、水素原子又は置換されていてもよい炭化水素基を表し、R4及びR5は、互いに連結して環を形成してもよく、R4及びR5は互いに独立してA1と連結して環を形成してもよい。)
(式中、Xは、S、O又はNRを表し、Rは水素原子又は置換されていてもよい炭化水素基を表し、基中の水素原子は、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、-OR6基、-SR6基、-NR6R7基又は置換されていてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基で置換されていてもよく、R6及びR7は、水素原子又は置換されていてもよい炭化水素基を表す。)
上記芳香族炭化水素環基としては、無置換芳香族炭化水素環基、脂肪族炭化水素基で置換された芳香族炭化水素環基等が挙げられ、上記芳香族ヘテロ環基としては、無置換芳香族ヘテロ環基、脂肪族炭化水素基で置換された芳香族ヘテロ環基等が挙げられる。
炭素原子数1~20の脂肪族炭化水素基としては、上記R4の説明で用いたものと同様のものが挙げられる。
上記の置換されていてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基としては、例えば前述の炭素原子数1~20の脂肪族炭化水素基が挙げられ、それらを置換してもよい置換基は、芳香族炭化水素環基及び芳香族ヘテロ環基を置換してもよい基として挙げたものと同様である。
また、R6及びR7が表す置換されていてもよい炭化水素基としては、R4が表す置換されていてもよい炭化水素基として前述で挙げたものと同様のものが挙げられる。R6及びR7が表す炭化水素基を置換してもよい基としては、R4が表す炭化水素基を置換してもよい基として、前述で挙げたものが挙げられる。
尚、以下には、置換基を有していないものを示しているが、上記の通り、A1は置換基を有していてもよく、A2中の水素原子は置換基で置換されていてもよい。また、以下のA(16)~(23)において、複数の環にまたがって記載されている結合手は、それらの環を構成する炭素原子のいずれかに結合することを意味する(以下同様)。
尚、下記部分構造(2)及び(2-1)~(2-14)において、A1からA2への結合手は記載を省略している。下記部分構造(2-1)~(2-14)においては、A1からA2への結合手は、芳香族炭化水素環及び芳香族ヘテロ環を構成するいずれの炭素原子に付いていてもよい。
(式中、R4及びR5は上記部分構造式(1)のR4及びR5とそれぞれ同じであり、R8、R9及びR10は、M2に配位する公知の配位子を表し、M1及びM2は金属元素を表し、式中の水素原子は、フッ素原子、塩素原子、ヨウ素原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、-OR6基、-SR6基又は置換されていてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基で置換されていてもよく、R6は、水素原子又は置換されていてもよい炭化水素基を表す。)
上記部分構造(2)を表す(2-11)及び(2-12)において、M2の金属元素としては、4配位又は6配位が可能な金属が挙げられ、より好ましくはRu、Fe、Os、Cu、W、Cr、Mo、Ni、Pd、Pt、Co、Ir、Rh、Re、Mn、Znであり、更に好ましくはRu、Fe、Os、Cuであり、特に好ましくはRuである。
スペーサーに用いられる2価の脂肪族炭化水素としては、直鎖及び環状の2価の飽和脂肪族炭化水素であり、具体的には、メタン-1,1-ジイル、エタン-1,2-ジイル、プロパン-1,3-ジイル、ブタン-1,4-ジイル、ペンタン-1,5-ジイル、ヘキサン-1,6-ジイル、ヘプタン-1,7-ジイル、オクタン-1,8-ジイル、ノナン-1,9-ジイル、デカン-1,10-ジイル、シクロヘキサン-1,4-ジイル等が挙げられる。尚、シクロヘキサン-1,4-ジイルはスペーサーとしては原子数4である。
スペーサーに用いられるアリーレンとしては、1,2-フェニレン、1,3-フェニレン、1,4-フェニレン等が挙げられる。尚、スペーサーとして、1,2-フェニレンは原子数2であり、1,3-フェニレンは原子数3であり、1,4-フェニレンは原子数4である。
また、スペーサーに結合する水素原子は、置換されていてもよい炭化水素基、フッ素原子、塩素原子、ヨウ素原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、水酸基、チオール基、又はアミノ基により置換されていてもよく、置換されていてもよい炭化水素基としては、脂肪族炭化水基、脂環式炭化水素基、芳香族炭化水素基及びこれらが複数結合した基が挙げられ、脂肪族炭化水素基としては、上記脂肪族炭化水素基で説明した基と同様の基が挙げられる。脂環式炭化水素基としては、シクロプロピル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロヘプチル等が挙げられ、芳香族炭化水素基としては、フェニル、ナフチル、ベンジル、フルオレニル、インデニル等が挙げられ、これらを置換する基としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、ヨウ素原子、臭素原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、水酸基、チオール基、又はアミノ基である。
該π共役基中の水素原子は、フッ素原子、塩素原子、ヨウ素原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、-OR4基、-SR4基、-NR4R5基又はフッ素原子、塩素原子、ヨウ素原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、-OR4基、-SR4基若しくは-NR4R5基により置換されていてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基で置換されていてもよい。R4及びR5は、水素原子又は置換されていてもよい炭化水素基を表す。尚、R4又はR5で表される基がスペーサー及びアンカー基を有する基であってもよい。
(B)の増感色素が、π共役基に窒素原子を含むものである場合、光電変換効率に優れるため好ましい。
また、(B)の増感色素のアンカー基の例としては、(A)の増感色素のアンカー基と同様のものを挙げることができる。
本発明の光電変換素子は、色素増感型光電変換素子であり、色素として(A)及び(B)の増感色素を用いる点以外は、従来の色素増感型光電変換素子と同様とすることができる。以下、本発明の光電変換素子の代表的な構成例について、図1及び図2を参照して説明する。
作用電極10は、外部回路に対して、負極として機能するものである。導電性基板11は、例えば、絶縁性の基板11Aの表面に導電層11Bを設けたものである。
(式中、R91は酸性基又はアルコキシシリル基を有するアルキル基である。R92は化学式中のステロイド骨格を構成する炭素原子の何れかに結合する基を表し、水酸基、ハロゲン基、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アリール基、複素環基、アシル基、アシルオキシ基、オキシカルボニル基、オキソ基、酸性基あるいはアルコキシシリル基又はそれらの誘導体であり、それらは同一であってもよいし異なっていてもよい。tは1以上5以下の整数である。化学式中のステロイド骨格を構成する炭素原子と炭素原子との間の結合は、単結合であってもよいし、二重結合であってもよい。)
(式中、R4'及びR5'は上記部分構造式(2’)のR4'及びR5'とそれぞれ同じであり、R8'、R9'及びR10'は、M2'に配位する公知の配位子を表し、M1'及びM2'は金属元素を表し、式中の水素原子は、フッ素原子、塩素原子、ヨウ素原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、-OR6'基、-SR6'基又は置換されていてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基で置換されていてもよく、R6'は、水素原子又は置換されていてもよい炭化水素基を表す。)
(式中、A1'、R4'及びR5'は上記部分構造式(1’)のA1'、R4'及びR5'とそれぞれ同じであり、R6'は上記部分構造式(A2’-16)のR6'と同じであり、Zは、上記(A)の増感色素で規定するスペーサーと同じである。)
以下の化合物No.B2-1(0.88mmol、400mg)、ジメチルホルムアミド(1ml)、クロロホルム(10ml)をフラスコに仕込み、塩化オキサリル(0.97mmol、123mg)を加え1時間撹拌した。その後、0℃で11-アミノウンデカン酸ターシャリーブチル(0.97mmol、248mg)、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(1.75mmol、226mg)を加えて、1時間撹拌した。反応液に水(20ml)およびクロロホルム(20ml)を加え、油水分液を行った。得られた有機層をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(移動相;クロロホルム)により精製することで、橙色固体を550mg(収率90%)得た。この固体をジクロロメタン(5ml)に溶解させ、0℃まで冷却した後、トリフルオロ酢酸(0.9mmol、103mg)を加えて10分間撹拌した。その後室温まで昇温し、更に12時間撹拌した。溶媒留去した後、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(移動相;クロロホルム:メタノール=10:1)により精製することで、黄色固体を505mg(収率100%)得た。得られた固体が、化合物No.A-1であることをUV-VIS(λmax)、1H-NMR、IRを用いて確認した。データを[表1]~[表3]に示す。
目的化合物に対応したカルボン酸を有する化合物及びアミン化合物を用いた以外は実施例1-1と同様の手法で化合物No.A-2~A-10を合成した。外観及び収率を[表1]に示す。合成した化合物が目的化合物であることは、実施例1-1と同様に確認した。データを[表1]~[表3]に示す。
化合物No.A-1(0.05mmol、30mg)、ジメチルホルムアミド(0.1ml)、クロロホルム(2ml)をフラスコに仕込み、塩化オキサリル(0.06mmol、8mg)を加え1時間撹拌した。その後、0℃で4-トリメトキシシリルアニリン(0.05mmol、10mg)、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(0.09mmol、12mg)を加えて、1時間撹拌した。反応液に水(10ml)およびクロロホルム(10ml)を加え、油水分液を行った。得られた有機層をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(移動相;クロロホルム)により精製することで、橙色固体を30mg(収率38%)得た。得られた固体が、化合物No.A-11であることをUV-VIS(λmax)、1H-NMR、IRを用いて確認した。データを[表1]~[表3]に示す。
目的化合物に対応したカルボン酸を有する化合物及びアミン化合物を用いた以外は実施例1-11と同様の手法で化合物No.A-12及びA-13を合成した。外観及び収率を[表1]に示す。合成した化合物が目的化合物であることは、実施例1-1と同様に確認した。データを[表1]~[表3]に示す。
下記の原料1(1.89g)、N,N’-ジフェニルホルムアミジン(0.39g)、無水酢酸(0.25g)及びピリジン(8ml)を仕込み、80℃で2時間撹拌した。クロロホルム(10ml)及び水(10ml)を加えて油水分液を行い、有機層をシリカゲルカラム(クロロホルム:メタノール=10:1)で精製し、目的物である化合物No.A-14を40mg得た。合成した化合物が目的化合物であることは、実施例1-1と同様に確認した。データを[表1]~[表3]に示す。
原料1(4.71g)、N,N’-ジフェニルホルムアミジン(2.94g)、及びエタノール(10ml)を仕込み、70℃で1時間撹拌した。クロロホルム(20ml)及び水(20ml)を加えて油水分液を行い、有機層をシリカゲルカラム(クロロホルム:メタノール=10:1)で精製し、目的物である化合物No.A-15を2.74g得た。合成した化合物が目的化合物であることは、実施例1-1と同様に確認した。データを[表1]~[表3]に示す。
原料1(1.00g)、クロロホルム(3.60g)、2-チオフェンカルボキシアルデヒド(0.24g)、ピペラジン(0.018g)を仕込み、60℃で2時間撹拌した。クロロホルム(10ml)及び水(10ml)を加えて油水分液を行い、有機層をシリカゲルカラム(クロロホルム:メタノール=10:1)で精製し、目的物である化合物No.A-16を0.81g得た。合成した化合物が目的化合物であることは、実施例1-1と同様に確認した。データを[表1]~[表3]に示す。
目的化合物に対応したカルボン酸を有する化合物及びアミン化合物を用いた以外は実施例1-1と同様の手法で化合物No.A-41~A-57を合成した。外観及び収率を[表1]に示す。合成した化合物が目的化合物であることは、実施例1-1と同様に確認した。データを[表1]~[表3]に示す。
縦2.0cm×横1.5cm×厚さ1.1mmの導電性ガラス基板(F-SnO2)よりなる導電性基板11を用意した。続いて、導電性基板11に、縦0.5cm×横0.5cmの四角形を囲むように厚さ70μmのマスキングテープを貼り、この四角形の部分に金属酸化物スラリー3cm3を一様の厚さとなるように塗布して乾燥させた。金属酸化物スラリーとしては、10重量%となるように酸化チタン粉末(TiO2、Solaronix社製Ti-NanoxideD)を、水に懸濁したものを用いた。続いて、導電性基板11上のマスキングテープを剥がし取り、この基板を電気炉により450℃で焼成し、厚さ約5μmの金属酸化物半導体層12を形成した。
上記酸化チタン担体と同様の手法により、酸化チタン粉末の代わりに酸化亜鉛粉末(平均粒径20nm、堺化学工業社製FINEX-50)を金属スラリーにして作製した酸化亜鉛を担体とする導電性基板11を形成した。
<(B)色素単独の電極>
化合物No.B-1を3×10-4mol/dm3の濃度になるようにトルエンに溶解させて、色素溶液を調製した。続いて、酸化亜鉛を担体とする導電性基板11を前記の色素溶液に浸漬し、色素13を担持させた作用電極10を作製した。
<(A)及び(B)色素併用の電極>
化合物No.A-1及び化合物No.B-1をそれぞれ3×10-4mol/dm3の濃度になるようにトルエンに溶解させて、色素溶液を調製した。続いて、酸化亜鉛を担体とする導電性基板11を前記の色素溶液に浸漬し、色素13を担持させた作用電極10を作製した。
<光電変換素子の製造及び変換効率評価>
図1に示すように、作製した作用電極10と、導電性基板21としてITO電極(西野田電工(株)製)上に黒鉛微粒子(導電層22)をコーティングして作製した対向電極20とを、スペーサー(63μm)を介して対向させ、それらの間に電解質含有層30を配し、これらをクリップで固定し、電解質含有層30に電解液〔アセトニトリルに対して、4-t-ブチルピリジン(0.5mol/dm3)、ヨウ化リチウム(0.5mol/dm3)、ヨウ素(0.05mol/dm3)を、それぞれ所定の濃度になるように混合したもの〕を浸透させ、光電変換素子を作製した。セル上部を開口部1cm2のマスクで覆い、AM-1.5G、100mW/cm2のソーラーシミュレーターで変換効率(%)を測定した。
(B)色素単独の電極で用いた場合の変換効率を1として、(A)及び(B)色素併用の電極を用いた場合の変換効率を相対値として算出した。算出した数値が高いほど、色素を併用した効果が高く、数値が1より小さい場合、併用により変換効率が低下していることを示す。結果を[表4]に示す。
実施例2-1と同様の手法で、[表4]の色素及び担体(金属酸化物半導体)に従い変換効率を評価した。比較例では、(A)色素の代わりに[表4]中の(B2)の色素を用いて同様に評価した。尚、(B2)で列挙している色素は、本来(B)に分類される色素であり、比較例は、(B)から選ばれる色素を2種用いた例である。本発明との差を明確するために、(B)単独の変換効率を基準とした実施例と同様の評価を行った。
電解液をコバルト系電解液〔アセトニトリルに対して、2価のコバルト錯体([Co(bpy)3(PF6)2]、0.22mol/dm3)、3価のコバルト錯体([Co(bpy)3(PF6)3]、0.22mol/dm3)、過塩素酸リチウム(0.1mol/dm3)を、それぞれ所定の濃度になるように混合したもの〕に変更した以外は実施例2-1と同様の手法で、[表5]の色素及び担体(金属酸化物半導体)に従い変換効率を評価した。
11 導電性基板
11A 基板
11B 導電層
12 金属酸化物半導体層
12A 緻密層
12B 多孔質層
13 色素
20 対向電極
21 導電性基板
22 導電層
30 電解質含有層
Claims (9)
- 下記(A)の少なくとも1種と下記(B)の少なくとも1種を担持してなる担持体。
(A)π共役基及び少なくとも1つのアンカー基を有する増感色素であり、前記π共役基とすべてのアンカー基は、少なくとも1つのアルキレンを有する原子数5~20のスペーサーで連結されており、前記スペーサーは、窒素原子が3つ連続せず、炭素原子同士及び窒素原子同士以外の原子は隣り合わない条件で、炭素原子又は炭素原子と酸素原子、窒素原子、リン原子、ケイ素原子及び硫黄原子から選ばれる1種又は複数種の原子により構成され、スペーサーは分岐鎖又は環構造を有していてもよい増感色素。
(B)π共役基及び少なくとも1つのアンカー基を有する増感色素であり、前記π共役基と少なくとも1つのアンカー基は、直接結合又は少なくとも1つのアルキレンを有する原子数1~4のスペーサーで連結されており、前記スペーサーは、炭素原子同士以外の原子は隣り合わない条件で、炭素原子又は炭素原子と酸素原子、窒素原子、リン原子、ケイ素原子及び硫黄原子から選ばれる1種又は複数種の原子により構成され、スペーサーは分岐鎖又は環構造を有していてもよい増感色素。 - (A)の増感色素におけるアンカー基が、カルボン酸基、スルホン酸基、リン酸基、ホスホン酸基、又は-SiR1R2R3で表される基から選ばれる基であり、R1、R2及びR3が、水素原子、アリル基、炭素原子数6~10のアリール基又は炭素原子数1~4のアルキル基若しくはアルコキシ基である請求項1に記載の担持体。
- (B)の増感色素におけるアンカー基が、カルボン酸基、スルホン酸基、リン酸基、ホスホン酸基、又は-SiR1R2R3で表される基から選ばれる基であり、R1、R2及びR3が、水素原子、アリル基、炭素原子数6~10のアリール基又は炭素原子数1~4のアルキル基若しくはアルコキシ基である請求項1又は2に記載の担持体。
- (A)の増感色素におけるπ共役基が、下記部分構造式(1)で表されることを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の担持体。
(式中、A1は置換されていてもよい芳香族炭化水素環基又は置換されていてもよい芳香族ヘテロ環基であり、A2は直接結合又は下記式(A2-1)~(A2-19)で表される基から選ばれる基を1~9個連結した基であり、R4及びR5は、水素原子又は置換されていてもよい炭化水素基を表し、R4及びR5は、互いに連結して環を形成してもよく、R4及びR5は互いに独立してA1と連結して環を形成してもよい。)
(式中、Xは、S、O又はNRを表し、Rは水素原子又は置換されていてもよい炭化水素基を表し、基中の水素原子は、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、-OR6基、-SR6基、-NR6R7基又は置換されていてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基で置換されていてもよく、R6及びR7は、水素原子又は置換されていてもよい炭化水素基を表す。) - 上記部分構造式(1)中の下記部分構造(2)が、下記部分構造(2-1)~(2-14)の何れかである請求項4に記載の担持体。
(式中、A1、R4及びR5は上記部分構造式(1)のA1、R4及びR5とそれぞれ同じである。)
(式中、R4及びR5は上記部分構造式(2)のR4及びR5とそれぞれ同じであり、R8、R9及びR10は、M2に配位する公知の配位子を表し、M1及びM2は金属元素を表し、式中の水素原子は、フッ素原子、塩素原子、ヨウ素原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、-OR6基、-SR6基又は置換されていてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基で置換されていてもよく、R6は、水素原子又は置換されていてもよい炭化水素基を表す。) - 請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の担持体を有する電極を備えた光電変換素子。
- 下記(A)の増感色素の少なくとも1種と下記(B)の増感色素の少なくとも1種を担持させることを特徴とする担持体の製造方法。
(A)π共役基及び少なくとも1つのアンカー基を有する増感色素であり、前記π共役基とすべてのアンカー基は、少なくとも1つのアルキレンを有する原子数5~20のスペーサーで連結されており、前記スペーサーは、窒素原子が3つ連続せず、炭素原子同士及び窒素原子同士以外の原子は隣り合わない条件で、炭素原子又は炭素原子と酸素原子、窒素原子、リン原子、ケイ素原子及び硫黄原子から選ばれる1種又は複数種の原子により構成され、スペーサーは分岐鎖又は環構造を有していてもよい増感色素。
(B)π共役基及び少なくとも1つのアンカー基を有する増感色素であり、前記π共役基と少なくとも1つのアンカー基は、直接結合又は少なくとも1つのアルキレンを有する原子数1~4のスペーサーで連結されており、前記スペーサーは、炭素原子同士以外の原子は隣り合わない条件で、炭素原子又は炭素原子と酸素原子、窒素原子、リン原子、ケイ素原子及び硫黄原子から選ばれる1種又は複数種の原子により構成され、スペーサーは分岐鎖又は環構造を有していてもよい増感色素。 - π共役基及び少なくとも1つのアンカー基を有する化合物であり、π共役基が下記部分構造式(1’)で表され、前記π共役基とすべてのアンカー基は、少なくとも1つのアルキレンを有する原子数5~20のスペーサーで連結されており、前記スペーサーは、炭素原子同士以外の原子は隣り合わない条件で、炭素原子又は炭素原子と酸素原子、窒素原子、リン原子及び硫黄原子から選ばれる1種又は複数種の原子により構成され、スペーサーは分岐鎖又は環構造を有していてもよい化合物。
(式中、A1'は置換されていてもよい芳香族炭化水素環基又は置換されていてもよい芳香族ヘテロ環基であり、A2'は直接結合又は下記式(A2’-1)~(A2’-19)で表される基から選ばれる基を1~9個連結した基であり、R4'及びR5'は、水素原子又は置換されていてもよい炭化水素基を表し、R4'及びR5'は、互いに連結して環を形成してもよく、R4'及びR5'は互いに独立してA1'と連結して環を形成してもよい。)
(式中、X’は、S、O又はNR’を表し、R’は水素原子又は置換されていてもよい炭化水素基を表し、基中の水素原子は、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、-OR6'基、-SR6'基、-NR6'R7'基又は置換されていてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基で置換されていてもよく、R6'及びR7'は、水素原子又は置換されていてもよい炭化水素基を表す。) - 上記部分構造式(1’)中の下記部分構造(2’)が、下記部分構造(2’-1)~(2’-14)の何れかである請求項8に記載の化合物。
(式中、A1'、R4'及びR5'は上記部分構造式(1’)のA1'、R4'及びR5'とそれぞれ同じである。)
(式中、R4'及びR5'は上記部分構造式(2’)のR4'及びR5'とそれぞれ同じであり、R8'、R9'及びR10'は、M2'に配位する公知の配位子を表し、M1'及びM2'は金属元素を表し、式中の水素原子は、フッ素原子、塩素原子、ヨウ素原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、-OR6'基、-SR6'基又は置換されていてもよい脂肪族炭化水素基で置換されていてもよく、R6'は、水素原子又は置換されていてもよい炭化水素基を表す。)
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WO2023219042A1 (ja) * | 2022-05-10 | 2023-11-16 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 光電変換素子、撮像素子、光センサ、化合物 |
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KR101635758B1 (ko) * | 2014-06-18 | 2016-07-04 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 감광성 염료 용액, 이를 이용해서 제조된 염료감응 태양전지의 광전극, 및 이를 포함하는 염료감응 태양전지 |
CN105086499B (zh) * | 2015-08-20 | 2017-04-19 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | 一种光敏染料及其制备方法和太阳电池 |
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EP2940781A1 (en) | 2015-11-04 |
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