JP4156012B2 - 色素増感太陽電池及びその電解質 - Google Patents
色素増感太陽電池及びその電解質 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4156012B2 JP4156012B2 JP2007210121A JP2007210121A JP4156012B2 JP 4156012 B2 JP4156012 B2 JP 4156012B2 JP 2007210121 A JP2007210121 A JP 2007210121A JP 2007210121 A JP2007210121 A JP 2007210121A JP 4156012 B2 JP4156012 B2 JP 4156012B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- dye
- solar cell
- clay mineral
- layered clay
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 60
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- -1 salt compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical class C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001450 anions Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002165 photosensitisation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical class C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical class C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005027 hydroxyaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 50
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 30
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- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 14
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 12
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- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YSHMQTRICHYLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butylpyridine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 YSHMQTRICHYLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001556 benzimidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001640 calcium iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940046413 calcium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chelidonic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC(=O)C=C(C(O)=O)O1 PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JXBPSENIJJPTCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl cyanate Chemical compound CCOC#N JXBPSENIJJPTCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001410 inorganic ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VRWKTAYJTKRVCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(6+);hexacyanide Chemical class [Fe+6].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] VRWKTAYJTKRVCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZTZVGESMYDRBEW-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium 2-fluoroacetate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C(=O)CF ZTZVGESMYDRBEW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJZXSOKJEJFHCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;thiocyanate Chemical compound [Li+].[S-]C#N ZJZXSOKJEJFHCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BLQJIBCZHWBKSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium iodide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[I-].[I-] BLQJIBCZHWBKSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001641 magnesium iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001509 metal bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001511 metal iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylimidazole Natural products CC1=CNC=N1 XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001007 phthalocyanine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000371 poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YAYGSLOSTXKUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(2+) Chemical compound [Ru+2] YAYGSLOSTXKUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- UYCAUPASBSROMS-AWQJXPNKSA-M sodium;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][13C](=O)[13C](F)(F)F UYCAUPASBSROMS-AWQJXPNKSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)Cl YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001018 xanthene dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2004—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte
- H01G9/2009—Solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Description
光電極4は、透明基板1と透明導電膜2と酸化物半導体多孔質膜3により構成されている。透明基板1は、ガラス板、ポリスチレン、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート、ポリカーボネート、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、環状オレフィンポリマー、ポリエーテルサルフォン、ポリスルフォン、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリアリレート、トリアセチルセルロース、ポリメタクリル酸メチルなどの樹脂基板を用いることができ、光透過性が良好なものが良い。
下記反応式に従って、N−メチルイミダゾリウムと1,6−ジヨードヘキサンとをトルエン中で反応させることによって(温度80℃×16時間)、式(VII)のジイミダゾリウム塩を得た。この化合物を下記のゲル状電解質の製造に使用した。
多価オニウム塩化合物1と同じ方法で、N−メチルイミダゾリウムと1,3−ジヨードプロパンとを反応させることによってジイミダゾリウム塩(多価オニウム塩化合物2)を得た。
多価オニウム塩化合物1と同じ方法で、N−メチルイミダゾリウムと1,10−ジヨードデカンとを反応させることによってジイミダゾリウム塩(多価オニウム塩化合物3)を得た。
前記多価オニウム塩1(50mg)を溶解させたイオン性液体1−メチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド(2g)(式(VIII)参照)に、あらかじめトルエン中に膨潤分散させた層状粘土鉱物ルーセンタイトSPN(300mg(無機分約100mg))を攪拌しながら添加し、室温下で3時間攪拌した。反応溶液を静置後、トルエン溶液を除去した。更に、沈殿物をトルエン洗浄し、乾燥することによりゲル状物質を得た。
多価オニウム塩1の替わりに、前記多価オニウム塩2(40mg)をイオン性液体1−メチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド(2g)に溶解させた以外は実施例1と同じ方法でゲル状物質及びゲル状電解質を得た。ゲル状物質は、実施例1と同じ方法で解析した結果、層状粘土鉱物のクレイシートの間に多価オニウム塩化合物2とイオン性液体が挿入し、多価オニウム塩2を溶解したイオン性液体中に層状粘土鉱物が膨潤分散していることがわかった。一方、得られた電解質を上記光電極と対向電極の間に介在させて太陽電池を作製した。
多価オニウム塩1の替わりに前記多価オニウム塩3(60mg)をイオン性液体1−メチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド(2g)に溶解させた以外は実施例1と同じ方法でゲル状物質及びゲル状電解質を得た。ゲル状物質は、実施例1と同じ方法で解析した結果、層状粘土鉱物のクレイシートの間に多価オニウム塩化合物3とイオン性液体が挿入し、多価オニウム塩3を溶解したイオン性液体中に層状粘土鉱物が膨潤分散していることがわかった。一方、得られた電解質を上記光電極と対向電極の間に介在させて太陽電池を作製した。
前記多価オニウム塩1(100mg)を溶解させたイオン性液体1−メチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド(2g)に、あらかじめトルエン中に膨潤分散させた層状粘土鉱物ルーセンタイトSPN(600mg(無機分約200mg))を攪拌しながら添加し、室温下で3時間攪拌した。これ以降の操作は実施例1と同じ方法で行い、固体状物質及び固体状電解質を得た。固体状物質は、実施例1と同じ方法で解析した結果、層状粘土鉱物のクレイシートの間に多価オニウム塩化合物1とイオン性液体が挿入し、多価オニウム塩1を溶解したイオン性液体中に層状粘土鉱物が膨潤分散していることがわかった。一方、得られた電解質を上記光電極と対向電極の間に介在させて太陽電池を作製した。
前記多価オニウム塩1(200mg)を溶解させたイオン性液体1−メチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド(2g)に、あらかじめトルエン中に膨潤分散させた層状粘土鉱物ルーセンタイトSPN(1.2g(無機分約400mg))を攪拌しながら添加し、室温下で3時間攪拌した。これ以降の操作は実施例1と同じ方法で行い、固体状物質及び固体状電解質を得た。固体状物質は、実施例1と同じ方法で解析した結果、層状粘土鉱物のクレイシートの間に多価オニウム塩化合物1とイオン性液体が挿入し、多価オニウム塩1を溶解したイオン性液体中に層状粘土鉱物が膨潤分散していることがわかった。一方、得られた電解質を上記光電極と対向電極の間に介在させて太陽電池を作製した。
前記多価オニウム塩1(300mg)を溶解させたイオン性液体1−メチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド(2g)に、あらかじめトルエン中に膨潤分散させた層状粘土鉱物ルーセンタイトSPN(1.8g(無機分600mg))を攪拌しながら添加し、室温下で3時間攪拌した。これ以降の操作は実施例1と同じ方法で行い、固体状物質及び固体状電解質を得た。固体状物質は、実施例1と同じ方法で解析した結果、層状粘土鉱物のクレイシートの間に多価オニウム塩化合物1とイオン性液体が挿入し、多価オニウム塩1を溶解したイオン性液体中に層状粘土鉱物が膨潤分散していることがわかった。一方、得られた電解質を上記光電極と対向電極の間に介在させて太陽電池を作製した。
イオン性液体1−メチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド中に、ヨウ化リチウム0.5mol/L、ヨウ素0.3mol/L及び4−tert−ブチルピリジン0.58mol/Lを室温で溶解させイオン性液体電解質を得た。得られた電解質を上記光電極と対向電極の間に介在させて太陽電池を作製した。
イオン性液体1−メチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド(2g)のみに、あらかじめトルエン中に膨潤分散させた層状粘土鉱物ルーセンタイトSPN(300mg(無機分100mg))を攪拌しながら添加し、室温下で3時間攪拌した。これ以降の操作は実施例1と同じ方法で行い液状物質と流動性のある電解質を得た。流動性のある物質は、実施例1と同じ方法で解析した結果、層状粘土鉱物のクレイシートの間にイオン性液体が挿入し、イオン性液体中に層状粘土鉱物が膨潤分散していることがわかった。一方、得られた電解質を上記光電極と対向電極の間に介在させて太陽電池を作製した。
イオン性液体1−メチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド(2g)に、多価オニウム塩1(100mg)を溶解させた後、ヨウ化リチウム0.5mol/L、ヨウ素0.3mol/L及び4−tert−ブチルピリジン0.58mol/Lを室温で更に溶解させ液状電解質を得た。得られた電解質を上記光電極と対向電極の間に介在させて太陽電池を作製した。
イオン性液体1−メチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド(2g)に、あらかじめトルエン中に膨潤分散させた層状粘土鉱物ルーセンタイトSPN(600mg(無機分約200mg))を攪拌しながら添加し、室温下で3時間攪拌した。これ以降の操作は実施例1と同じ方法で行い、ゲル状物質及びゲル状電解質を得た。ゲル状物質は、実施例1と同じ方法で解析した結果、層状粘土鉱物のクレイシートの間にイオン性液体が挿入し、イオン性液体中に層状粘土鉱物が膨潤分散していることがわかった。一方、得られた電解質を上記光電極と対向電極の間に介在させて太陽電池を作製した。
イオン性液体1−メチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド(2g)に、あらかじめトルエン中に膨潤分散させた層状粘土鉱物ルーセンタイトSPN(1.2g(無機分約400mg))を攪拌しながら添加し、室温下で3時間攪拌した。これ以降の操作は実施例1と同じ方法で行い、固体状物質及び固体状電解質を得た。固体状物質は、実施例1と同じ方法で解析した結果、層状粘土鉱物のクレイシートの間にイオン性液体が挿入し、イオン性液体中に層状粘土鉱物が膨潤分散していることがわかった。一方、得られた電解質を上記光電極と対向電極の間に介在させて太陽電池を作製した。
光電極の作製
透明導電性ガラス基板(日本板硝子(株)製、導電膜がフッ素をドープした酸化スズ、シート抵抗8Ω/□)表面に、二酸化チタン粉末(AEROXIDE TiO2 P25、平均粒径21nm、日本アエロジル社製)とアセチルアセトン、蒸留水、および界面活性剤(TritonX100, Acros Organics社製)とを乳鉢で混合して作製したペーストを塗布、乾燥後、460℃で45分間焼結することにより、透明導電性ガラス基板上に多孔質酸化チタン薄膜を形成させた。この多孔質酸化チタン薄膜を有するガラス基板をルテニウム錯体色素(即ちシス−(ジチオシアナート)−N,N’−ビス(2,2’−ビピリジル−4,4‘−ジカルボン酸)ルテニウム(II)錯体、Solaronix社製Ruthenium535-bis TBA)のエタノール溶液(濃度3x10-4mol/L)に12時間浸漬させた。アセトニトリルで洗浄後、暗所、窒素気流下で乾燥することにより多孔質酸化チタン薄膜に増感色素を担持させ、光電極として用いた。
透明導電性ガラス基板(日本板硝子(株)製、導電面がフッ素をドープをした酸化スズ、シート抵抗8Ω/□)表面にスパッタリング法で厚さ約100nmの白金薄膜を形成させ、この電極を対向電極として用いた。
上記光電極と対向電極の間に表Iに示す電解質を介在させて各例の太陽電池を作製した。
実施例1〜6及び比較例1〜5の電池に図2に示すように、光源としてソーラーシミュレーターを用い、AM(エアマス)1.5の擬似太陽光を100mW/cm2の光強度で光電極側から照射し、電流電圧測定装置(ケースレーインスツルメンツ社製デジタルソースメーター2400)を用いて短絡電流、開放電圧、フィルファクター、変換効率を求めた。各電池の結果を表Iに示す。
*2:イオン伝導度は、2枚の透明導電性ガラス電極(日本板硝子(株)製、導電面がフッ素をドープした酸化スズ、シート抵抗8Ω/□)の間にテフロンスペーサー(厚さ100μm)を介して電解質を挟み、交流インピーダンス測定装置(Solartron社製1260型)を用いて測定した。
2 透明導電膜
3 酸化物半導体多孔質膜
4 光電極
5 対向電極
6 電解質層
11 透明基板
12 透明導電膜
13 酸化物半導体多孔質膜
14 電解質層
15 対向電極
16 非導電性基板
17 導電膜
18 白金薄膜
Claims (6)
- (i)電解質を有機溶媒に溶解した電解液、(ii)層状粘土鉱物及び/又は有機化層状粘土鉱物並びに(iii)式(I):
(式中、R1〜R3はそれぞれ互いに同じであっても異なっていてもよく、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、ヒドロキシアルキル基、アルコキシアルキル基、アリール基又はヒドロキシアリール基を表すが、R1〜R3の一部又は全てが互いに結合して、窒素原子を有していてもよい5員環及び/又は6員環を形成してもよく、またその環は、不飽和結合を有していてもよく、また置換基を有していてもよく、Xは陰イオンであり、Qは窒素原子を表し、Y1はヘテロ原子を含んでも良い炭化水素基であり、mは2以上の整数である。)
で示される多価オニウム塩化合物を含んでなる色素増感太陽電池の光電変換素子用ゲル状又は固体状電解質。 - 有機溶媒がイオン性液体である請求項1に記載の色素増感太陽電池の光電変換素子用ゲル状又は固体状電解質。
- イオン性液体が第4級アンモニウム塩、イミダゾリウム塩、ピリジニウム塩、ピペリジニウム塩及びピロリジニウム塩から選ばれた少なくとも一種である請求項2に記載の色素増感太陽電池の光電変換素子用ゲル状又は固体状電解質。
- 電解質を有機溶媒に溶解した電解液100重量部に対し、前記層状粘土鉱物及び/又は有機化層状粘土鉱物の量が1〜60重量部で、前記多価オニウム塩化合物の量が1〜60重量部である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の色素増感太陽電池の光電変換素子用ゲル状又は固体状電解質。
- 透明導電膜及び金属酸化物半導体多孔質膜を含む光電極と、この光電極に対向して配置された対向電極と、前記両電極間に介在する請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のゲル状又は固体状電解質を含んでなる色素増感太陽電池の光電変換素子。
- 請求項5に記載の光電変換素子の金属酸化物半導体多孔質膜に、光増感色素を担持させて成る色素増感太陽電池。
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US12/377,397 US8299270B2 (en) | 2006-08-14 | 2007-08-14 | Clay modified electrolyte for a dye-sensitized solar cell |
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JP2010027606A (ja) | 2008-06-20 | 2010-02-04 | Canon Inc | イオン伝導性高分子複合膜、膜電極接合体、燃料電池およびイオン伝導性高分子複合膜の製造方法 |
JP2010027605A (ja) * | 2008-06-20 | 2010-02-04 | Canon Inc | イオン伝導性構造体、イオン伝導性高分子複合膜、膜電極接合体、燃料電池、イオン伝導性構造体の製造方法およびイオン伝導性高分子複合膜の製造方法 |
JP5444747B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-17 | 2014-03-19 | ソニー株式会社 | カラー撮像素子およびその製造方法ならびに光センサーおよびその製造方法ならびに光電変換素子およびその製造方法ならびに電子機器 |
US20120037230A1 (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2012-02-16 | The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. | Electrolyte for photoelectric conversion elements, and photoelectric conversion element and dye-sensitized solar cell using the electrolyte |
TW201106518A (en) * | 2009-08-04 | 2011-02-16 | Univ Nat Taiwan | Uses of nanosheets of exfoliated clay and method of rapidly adsorbing cation |
TWI388548B (zh) * | 2009-09-23 | 2013-03-11 | Benq Materials Corp | 離子性化合物、包含其之抗靜電壓感黏合劑以及偏光片 |
WO2011100361A2 (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-08-18 | C3 International. Llc | Low temperature electrolytes for solid oxide cells having high ionic conductivity |
JP4816807B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-11-16 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 光電変換素子用電解質ならびにその電解質を用いた光電変換素子および色素増感太陽電池 |
CN101901692B (zh) * | 2010-04-21 | 2012-05-30 | 苏州大学 | 一种太阳能电池凝胶电解质及其制备方法和应用 |
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WO2012050140A1 (ja) * | 2010-10-12 | 2012-04-19 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 光電変換素子用電解質ならびにその電解質を用いた光電変換素子および色素増感太陽電池 |
WO2012057325A1 (ja) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-03 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 光電変換素子用電解質ならびにその電解質を用いた光電変換素子および色素増感太陽電池 |
JP5820592B2 (ja) * | 2011-02-14 | 2015-11-24 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | 層状化合物−金属粒子複合体及びその製造方法、並びにこれを用いたサスペンション、薄膜及びフレキシブル太陽電池 |
US9065156B2 (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2015-06-23 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Photovoltaic capacitor for direct solar energy conversion and storage |
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CN103665369B (zh) * | 2012-09-14 | 2016-04-13 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | 一种聚乙二醇功能化多金属氧酸盐离子液体及其制备方法 |
WO2015009618A1 (en) | 2013-07-15 | 2015-01-22 | Fcet, Llc | Low temperature solid oxide cells |
JP6572601B2 (ja) * | 2015-04-10 | 2019-09-11 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | イオン伝導性を有する組成物 |
TWI628827B (zh) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-01 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | 膠態電解質及其應用 |
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