JP2007525601A - ポリヒドロキシアルカノエート医療用織物および医療用繊維 - Google Patents
ポリヒドロキシアルカノエート医療用織物および医療用繊維 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、一般的にポリ−4−ヒドロキシブチレートおよびそのコポリマー由来の織物ベースおよび繊維ベースの医療デバイスに関する。
強度保持が長期化された(長期間強度を保持する)、吸収性ポリエステル繊維、組紐(braid)、および外科用メッシュが開発された。これらのデバイスは、好ましくは、生体適合性の4−ヒドロキシブチレートのコポリマーまたはホモポリマーに由来する。これらのデバイスは、現在利用可能なものよりも広い範囲のインビボでの強度保持特性を提供し、抗癒着特性、デバイスの吸収および実際の除去の結果として生じる感染もしくは他の手術後の問題の危険性の減少、ならびに競争力のある費用のようなさらなる利点を提供する。これらのデバイスはまた、小児の集団における使用に特に適しており、それらの吸収が成長を阻害せず、全ての患者集団において、長期の機械的安定性を有する創傷治癒を提供する。それらのデバイスは、さらに自己組織、同種異系組織および/または異種組織と組み合わせられて、改善された機械的特性、生物学的特性、および取り扱い特性を有するインプラントを提供し得る。
強度保持が長期化した、吸収性繊維およびメッシュが、開発された。
強度保持とは、ヒトまたは動物に移植された後に、材料が特定の機械的特性を維持する時間量をいう。例えば、吸収性繊維の引っ張り強度(tensile strength)が、動物に移植してから3ヶ月過ぎて半分に減少した場合、その繊維の3ヶ月での強度保持は、50%である。
Cambridge,MAのTepha,Inc.は、トランスジェニック醗酵法を用いて、ポリ−4−ヒドロキシブチレートおよびそのコポリマーを製造している。
1984頃、Johnson and Johnson(Ethicon)のある部門が、PDSTMとして公知の、ポリジオキサノンから製造されるモノフィラメント合成吸収性縫合糸を最初に導入した。この縫合糸は、移植後6週間まで、その強度の約50%を保持しており、6ヶ月以内に身体に完全に吸収される。Davis and Geckは、その後、MaxonTMの商標名で販売されている、グリコリドとトリメチレンカーボネートとのコポリマーに基づくモノフィラメント縫合糸を導入した。この縫合糸は、PDSTMと類似の強度保持を有する。2つの他のモノフィラメント縫合糸が、より最近になって導入された。グリコリドとカプロラクトンのセグメント化コポリマーに基づいたMonocrylTM、およびグリコリド、p−ジオキサノン、およびトリメチレンカーボネートのターポリマーに基づくBiosynTM。MonocrylTMは、2〜3週間後に20〜30%の引っ張り強さ(breaking strength)を有し、3〜4ヶ月後には、完全に吸収されると報告されている。BiosynTMは、MonocrylTMと類似の吸収性プロフィールを有する。吸収性合成モノフィラメント縫合糸の開発において革新が続けられてきたにも拘わらず、長期の創傷支持を要する患者のための、強度保持が長期化した合成吸収性縫合糸(例えば、(移植後)3〜6ヶ月で50%の強度保持を有するモノフィラメント縫合糸)が未だに必要である。強度保持が長期化した合成吸収性メッシュの選択肢はまた、制限されている。
PHA4400(Tepha,Inc.,Cambridge,MA)(Mw 575K)を、Fritsch切断ミル(Pulversette 15,10mm底部ふるい)を使用して小片にすりつぶし、溶融処理する前に一晩減圧下で乾燥させた。PHA4400のモノフィラメント繊維を、Zenith型計量ポンプ(0.16cc/rev)および単一穴のスピナレット(0.026”、2:1 L:D)を有する金型を備えたAJA(Alex James Associates,Greer,SC)3/4”シングルスクリュー押し出し機(24:1 L:D、3:1圧縮)を用いて溶融押し出しした。その押し出し機の4つの加熱ゾーンを、140℃、190℃、200℃および205℃に設定した。その押し出し機を、15フィートの降下ゾーン、48”の空気クエンチゾーン(10℃)、ガイドロール、3つの巻き取り機およびピックアップ(pickup)に設定した。その繊維を、マルチステージプロセスにおいてその繊維を引っ張ることによって、押し出し機と一直線に配向して、高い引っ張り強度および破れるまでの減少した伸張を繊維に提供した。その繊維を6〜11×の伸張率(stretch ratio)になるまで一直線に引っ張った。紡糸仕上げ剤(Goulston,Lurol PT−6A)を、10vol/vol%でイソ−プロパノールに溶解し、潤滑剤として作用するように、一巻きめの前に繊維に適用し、下流の処理の間に繊維を保護した。異なるサイズの一連の繊維を、押し出し条件(計量ポンプ速度)および引っ張り条件(引っ張り率(draw ratio))を変動することによって製造した。溶融押し出しした繊維の機械的引っ張り特性を、汎用機械式試験器を用いて決定し、結果を表1に示す。明らかなように、その配向性PHA4400繊維の引っ張り強度は、市販の縫合糸繊維について報告された450〜560MPa(PDSTM、Chu,C.C.ら、Wound Closure Biomaterials and Devices,CRC Press(1997)に匹敵する。その繊維の重量平均分子量(Mw)は、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)により決定し、やはり表1に示す。
PHA4400繊維の強度保持直を決定するための移植研究をウサギモデルにおいて行なった。サンプル10(表1に示される)の繊維が、切断までの伸長が70%であり、市販のモノフィラメント吸収性縫合糸に相当する346MPa(60,000psi)の引っ張り強度を有するので、この繊維をこれらの研究のために選択した。移植の前に、この繊維を冷却エチレンオキシド気体(40℃、13.7 INHGAのエチレンオキシド圧、1.7 INHGAの湿度、保持時間4時間およびエアレーション時間10時間)を用いて滅菌した。滅菌プロセスの間に生じた少量の繊維の収縮(2%)は、注目すべきであった。市販のモノフィラメント吸収性縫合糸材質であるPDSTMを、コントロールとして使用した。
外移植された縫合糸サンプルを、ASTM D2256−97の手順に従った引っ張り試験に供した。この引っ張り試験の結果を図3に示す。読み取れるように、PHA4400縫合糸およびPDSTMコントロール縫合糸は、開始引っ張り強度(60,000psi)に匹敵する強度を有していた。予測されるように、PDSTMコントロール縫合糸は、約6週目までそれらの初期の引っ張り強度の50%を維持した。それとは対照的に、移植されたPHA4400縫合糸は、26週目までを通して初期の引っ張り強度の約30%を保持した。PHA4400および市販のモノフィラメント縫合糸の、引っ張りの力学的な特性の比較を図4に示す。
PH4400縫合糸繊維の強度保持に加えて、PHA4400サンプルの分子量をGPCにより分析した。図5に示されるように、移植したPHA4400縫合糸およびコントロールPHA4400縫合糸の分子量は、分解研究の過程の間、26週間で、その元々の分子量の約43%まで徐々に減少した。さらに、移植したPHA4400縫合糸とインビトロのコントロールのPHA4400縫合糸との間で、分子量に有意な差は、見出されない。この結果は、移植されたサンプルの加水分解性の安定性が、インビトロコントロールと非常に類似していることを示す。
移植されたPHA4400縫合糸およびPDSTMコントロール縫合糸を取り囲む組織を、26週の時点まで移植された物品に対する組織反応について分析した。各試験動物からのホルマリン固定した組織サンプル(PHA4400およびPDSTMコントロール)を切片化し、認可された獣医により、以下を評価した:炎症、繊維症、出血、壊死、変性、外因性の組織片および関係する領域の相対的大きさ。
PHA4400の歪んで編んだメッシュを、実施例1に記載されるようにして作製した直径100μmの配向モノフィラメントPHA4400繊維から作製した。歪んで編んだ型の構造は、外科医により切断され得、容易にほどけないので、移植物として望ましい。100μmのモノフィラメントPHA4400の繊維(引っ張り強度92,000psi、切断までの伸長77%)を用いて、メッシュを組み立てた。繊維の構成は、以下の通りであった:Mach #30 Raschel Knit 36ガーゼ布、インチあたり150縦糸、16横列(course)、40ステッチ、インチあたり18針を使用する。完成した繊維についての仕様は、以下の通りであった:重量:58g/m2(1.72oz/平方ヤード)、厚さ:0.29mm。
5%グリコール酸コモノマーを含むPHA4422(GPCによる分子量305,000)を、繊維へと溶融押し出しし、以下のように縫合糸に変換した。減圧乾燥器中で乾燥させたP−15実験室切断ミル(Fritsch、Germany)を使用してバルクポリマーを約1mmの大きさの粒子に製粉することによりポリマーを調製した。このポリマーを、単一穴のスピナレット(0.040”、2:1 L/D)を備えるAJA 5/8”単一スクリュー押し出し成形機(Alex James and Associates)を用いて、押し出した。押し出し成形機は、インレットから、ギアポンプを備えるアウトレットまでを120℃、154℃、155℃、160℃および160℃に設定した5つの別個の温度ゾーンを有した。押し出し成形機中での総滞留時間は、9分間と推定された。押し出し成形の後、空気を通した10フィートの降下ゾーンが存在し、その後、水浴中(5℃)でクエンチした。浴でクエンチした後、3つの巻き取り機を用いて繊維を回収した。第一の巻き取り機を、1分間あたり約2.5メートルの速度に設定した。浴の長さは、約3〜4フィートであり、繊維の浴中での滞留時間は、約30秒間と推定された。繊維の結晶化は、第一巻き取り機の前に生じた。さらなる二つの巻き取り機(17.5メートル/分および19.5メートル/分)は、繊維を約8倍に延ばした(8倍に引く)。わずかな伸長のみを有する巻き取りユニットを使用した。下向きに維持する間、ポリマーの押し出し速度を変動させ、異なる直径の製造された繊維を同じ速度で巻き取った。最初に、押し出し成形機をギアポンプ比7に設定し、次いで連続的に遅くし、直径約375μm、約275μmおよび約200μmの繊維を生じた(表2を参照のこと)。
ポリ−4−ヒドロキシブチレート「PHA4400」ポリマーの溶融紡糸は、溶融流動の不安定性および得られた繊維の粘着性に起因して、達成するのが非常に難しかった。紡糸型を離れる溶融物は、周期的な直径の変動およびらせん構造を示した。これらの流動の不規則性は、メルトフラクチャーまたは「弾性乱流」として公知であり、この溶融物がスピナレットホールに入り、そして通過する間に発生する。このような流動不規則性の理由は、粘弾性溶融物の非常に高い粘度、およびスピナレットキャピラリーの出口点での非常に高い弾性機能である。
実施例5で調製したPHA4400モノフィラメントを、冷エチレンオキシドガスを使用して滅菌した(40℃、13.7 INHGAのエチレンオキシド圧、1.7 INHGAの湿度、滞留時間4時間、およびエアレーション時間10時間)。
繊維紡糸を、型が複数穴の紡糸口金(20ホール×0.0065インチ)を有する点以外は実施例5と同じ様式で行った。押出し糸を、時間を置いて結晶化させ、そして繊維軸に垂直の気体媒体/液体ミストの過冷却蒸気を導入した。氷点下浴もまた使用して、そして気体媒体に対する適切な代替を証明した。この得られたフィラメントを、冷たいゴデットおよび加熱したゴデットによってさらに加工し、そして上記フィラメントは配向し得、加熱セットし得た。30%の伸びを有して、3.5gpd(グラム/デニール)より大きい糸テナシティが得られた。マルチフィラメント糸についての代表的なデータを表4に示す。
マルチフィラメント糸を、単一フィードの、円形横糸織機(circular weft knitting machine)(Lamb Knitting Co.、モデルST3A/ZA)を使用してチューブ状に織った。フラットチューブの幅は、約9mmであった。この糸は、繊維の崩壊の証拠を示すことなく、さらに滑沢剤として紡糸仕上げを追加することなく、非常に良好に織られた。洗浄および滅菌後、この織られたチューブは、吸収性医療用織物としての使用に非常に適しているようである。
半剛体の支持体チューブに織られたか、編まれたかもしくは編み込まれたPHA4400繊維、または支持体チューブに直接押出されたPHA4400ポリマーは、生物学的基質移植物(例えば、自己組織、同種異型組織および/または異種組織)にほぼ適合する内部直径を有して調製され得る。この生物学的移植物は、移植の前に、上記支持体チューブに挿入され得、そして必要に応じて、例えば、縫合することにより定位置に固定され得る。上記支持体チューブの追加は、向上した強度、モジュールを与え、そして移植をより簡単なものにし得る。同様に、押出しフィルム、織物、非織物または編まれた布地のシートは、生物学的組織移植物に巻かれ、そして上記布地の端が固定されるか、縫合されるかまたは接着剤で付けられ、半剛体の構築物を生物学的移植物の上に維持し得る。
Claims (30)
- ポリ−4−ヒドロキシブチレートポリマーを含む繊維であって、該繊維は、126MPaより大きい引張り強度を有する、繊維。
- 前記繊維の重量平均分子量が、移植後6ヶ月間で、80%未満減少する、請求項1に記載の繊維。
- 前記繊維の重量平均分子量が、移植後2週間で、75%未満減少する、請求項1に記載の繊維。
- 前記繊維の引張り強度が、移植後6ヶ月間で、80%未満減少する、請求項1に記載の繊維。
- 前記繊維の引張り強度が、移植後2週間で、75%未満減少する、請求項1に記載の繊維。
- 破れるまでの伸張が、20%を超える、請求項1に記載の繊維。
- 前記ポリマーは、4−ヒドロキシブチレートおよび1種以上のコモノマーを含むコポリマーである、請求項1に記載の繊維。
- 前記コモノマーが、グリコール酸である、請求項7に記載の繊維。
- 前記コモノマーが、3−ヒドロキシブチレートである、請求項7に記載の繊維。
- 前記繊維が、モノフィラメント、マルチフィラメントまたは網状構造体である、請求項1に記載の繊維。
- 前記ポリマーの前記繊維が、配向性である、請求項1に記載の繊維。
- 請求項1〜11に記載の繊維の1種以上を含むデバイスであって、該デバイスは、医療用織物、管、全身外科用メッシュ、ヘルニアメッシュ、心膜パッチ、抗癒着パッチ、心脈管パッチ、誘導組織再生パッチ、スリング、モノフィラメント縫合糸、マルチフィラメント縫合糸、組紐、靱帯、腱、半月板修復デバイス、軟骨修復デバイス、神経ガイド、ステント、脈管移植片、および硬膜である、デバイス。
- 前記デバイスが、編みメッシュ、織りメッシュまたは不織メッシュである、請求項12に記載のデバイス。
- 前記デバイスにおける前記繊維の重量平均分子量が、移植後6ヶ月間で、80%未満減少する、請求項12に記載のデバイス。
- 前記デバイスにおける前記繊維の重量平均分子量が、移植後2週間で75%未満減少する、請求項12に記載のデバイス。
- 前記デバイスにおける前記繊維の引張り強度が、移植後6ヶ月間で80%未満減少する、請求項12に記載のデバイス。
- 前記デバイスにおける前記繊維の引張り強度が、移植後2週間で50%未満減少する、請求項12に記載のデバイス。
- 前記デバイスの引っ張り強さが、少なくとも10psiである、請求項12に記載のデバイス。
- 請求項12に記載のデバイスの使用方法であって、該方法は、骨盤床再建、腹圧性尿失禁を防止するための尿道懸垂、ヘルニア修復、心膜修復、心脈管パッチング、心臓支持、心筋再生、器官サルベージ、結腸直腸癌患者における結腸照射の間の小腸の上昇、骨、軟骨および半月板の移植手順、誘導組織再生、脈管移植、硬膜置換、神経修復、癒着の防止、靱帯および腱の修復、乳房固定/胸部再建、脈管移植片/フィステル、GI切除術(TEF修復を含む)、気管再建、心臓内欠損閉鎖、椎間板ヘルニアの軽減における支援、膀胱修復、ならびに脳ヘルニア/髄膜脊髄瘤の修復において、挿入を必要とする患者に挿入する工程を包含する、方法。
- 請求項12に記載のデバイス、および/または請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の繊維を、採取した自家組織、同種組織および/または異種組織と組み合せることによって形成される、デバイス。
- 請求項20に記載のデバイスであって、請求項11に記載のデバイスおよび/または請求項1〜10に記載の繊維が、前記自家組織、同種組織および/または異種組織を、強化、支持、補強および/または硬化する、デバイス。
- 請求項20に記載のデバイスであって、請求項11に記載のデバイスおよび/または請求項1〜11に記載の繊維が、移植を容易にするために、前記組織を硬化する、デバイス。
- 請求項20に記載のデバイスであって、前記採取された自家組織、同種組織、および/または異種組織が、脈管移植片、心臓弁、心膜、皮膚、腸(小腸粘膜下組織を含む)、筋肉、靱帯および腱、軟骨および半月板、神経、硬膜、筋膜および器官を含む、デバイス。
- ヘルニア修復、乳房固定/胸部再建、回旋筋腱板修復、脈管移植/フィステル、組織弁、心臓内修復における心膜パッチング、組織心臓弁移植、腸中間物挿入、ならびに硬膜パッチングにおける、請求項20に記載のデバイスの使用。
- 請求項1〜11に記載の繊維を生成するための方法であって、該繊維は、紡糸され、一線に引かれ、126MPaより大きい引張り強度を有する繊維を生じる、方法。
- 請求項1〜11に記載のマルチフィラメントヤーンを生成するための方法であって、該ヤーンは、紡糸され、引かれ、0.5g/デニールより大きいテナシティを有するヤーンを生じる、方法。
- 前記ヤーンは、1g/デニールよりも大きいテナシティを有する、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記ヤーンは、3g/デニールよりも大きいテナシティを有する、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記ヤーンは、126MPaよりも大きい引張り強度を有する、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記ヤーンから、医療用織物を作製する工程をさらに包含する、請求項26に記載の方法。
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- 2004-04-30 JP JP2006501302A patent/JP2007525601A/ja active Pending
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- 2004-04-30 EP EP14185659.1A patent/EP2860292B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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JP2015055021A (ja) * | 2013-09-12 | 2015-03-23 | 旭化成せんい株式会社 | 人工繊維布 |
JP2021500105A (ja) * | 2017-10-24 | 2021-01-07 | デボル,インコーポレイテッド | ヒドロキシブチレートを含む軟組織修復インプラント |
JP7239571B2 (ja) | 2017-10-24 | 2023-03-14 | デボル,インコーポレイテッド | ヒドロキシブチレートを含む軟組織修復インプラント |
WO2022092014A1 (ja) | 2020-10-26 | 2022-05-05 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | 生体吸収性繊維状医療材料 |
KR20230097008A (ko) | 2020-10-26 | 2023-06-30 | 미쯔비시 가스 케미칼 컴파니, 인코포레이티드 | 생체흡수성 섬유상 의료재료 |
WO2024085302A1 (ko) * | 2022-10-20 | 2024-04-25 | 씨제이제일제당(주) | 생분해성 멜트블로운 부직포용 조성물, 및 이를 이용하여 제조된 생분해성 멜트블로운 부직포 |
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US20140246802A1 (en) | 2014-09-04 |
EP2860292A2 (en) | 2015-04-15 |
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US10136982B2 (en) | 2018-11-27 |
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CA2525132C (en) | 2011-06-28 |
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US20130300018A1 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
US10314683B2 (en) | 2019-06-11 |
WO2004101002A3 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
AU2004238229A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
US9333066B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 |
WO2004101002A2 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
DK1638615T3 (en) | 2015-01-12 |
ES2527857T3 (es) | 2015-01-30 |
US20040234576A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
AU2004238229B2 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
US10111738B2 (en) | 2018-10-30 |
US8034270B2 (en) | 2011-10-11 |
ES2819189T3 (es) | 2021-04-15 |
US9125719B2 (en) | 2015-09-08 |
CA2525132A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
PT1638615E (pt) | 2015-02-04 |
EP1638615B1 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
US20160324619A1 (en) | 2016-11-10 |
US8758657B2 (en) | 2014-06-24 |
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