JP2005183697A - 絶縁膜およびその形成方法、ならびに膜形成用組成物。 - Google Patents
絶縁膜およびその形成方法、ならびに膜形成用組成物。 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2005183697A JP2005183697A JP2003423047A JP2003423047A JP2005183697A JP 2005183697 A JP2005183697 A JP 2005183697A JP 2003423047 A JP2003423047 A JP 2003423047A JP 2003423047 A JP2003423047 A JP 2003423047A JP 2005183697 A JP2005183697 A JP 2005183697A
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- Prior art keywords
- group
- insulating film
- bis
- acid
- polycarbosilane
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 65
- -1 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 185
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229920003257 polycarbosilane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 34
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 20
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Busulfan Chemical group CS(=O)(=O)OCCCCOS(C)(=O)=O COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000002827 triflate group Chemical group FC(S(=O)(=O)O*)(F)F 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000765 poly(2-oxazolines) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000004380 ashing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 36
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 31
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 22
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 20
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 16
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 15
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxohexane Chemical compound CCCCC(C)=O QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)=O CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 11
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- LDMRLRNXHLPZJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-propoxypropan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCOCCCO LDMRLRNXHLPZJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 9
- PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(C)=O PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 8
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 8
- KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 8
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RYMMNSVHOKXTNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1 RYMMNSVHOKXTNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 7
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 7
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl acetate Chemical compound CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- DUTKQZIXCWCJHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylsulfonyloxyphenyl) methanesulfonate Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OS(C)(=O)=O DUTKQZIXCWCJHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WYUIWKFIFOJVKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-4-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 WYUIWKFIFOJVKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OJVAMHKKJGICOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-hexanedione Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC(C)=O OJVAMHKKJGICOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caprylic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 6
- FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl phthalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229960003975 potassium Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 6
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- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8beta-(2,3-epoxy-2-methylbutyryloxy)-14-acetoxytithifolin Natural products COC(=O)C(C)O LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MRABAEUHTLLEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl lactate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)O MRABAEUHTLLEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- UOKRNKMVOLSFGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(3-methyl-4-methylsulfonyloxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]-2-methylphenyl] methanesulfonate Chemical compound C1=C(OS(C)(=O)=O)C(C)=CC(C(C=2C=C(C)C(OS(C)(=O)=O)=CC=2)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=C1 UOKRNKMVOLSFGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIXRKJOWRRKHOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(4-methylsulfonyloxy-3-prop-1-enylphenyl)propan-2-yl]-2-prop-1-enylphenyl] methanesulfonate Chemical compound C1=C(OS(C)(=O)=O)C(C=CC)=CC(C(C=2C=C(C=CC)C(OS(C)(=O)=O)=CC=2)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=C1 GIXRKJOWRRKHOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCLFNEOODLYWBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(4-methylsulfonyloxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenyl] methanesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC(OS(=O)(=O)C)=CC=C1C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=C(OS(C)(=O)=O)C=C1 WCLFNEOODLYWBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBFKZEAQABANEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-[3-methyl-4-(2-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxyphenyl]propan-2-yl]-2-methylphenyl] 2-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C=2C=C(C)C(OS(=O)(=O)C=3C(=CC=CC=3)C)=CC=2)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=CC=C1OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C CBFKZEAQABANEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSMXKEMIUZOIOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-[3-methyl-4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)phenyl]propan-2-yl]-2-methylphenyl] trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound C1=C(OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)C(C)=CC(C(C=2C=C(C)C(OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)=CC=2)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=C1 YSMXKEMIUZOIOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAYJZLQAFBCUET-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-[3-prop-1-enyl-4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)phenyl]propan-2-yl]-2-prop-1-enylphenyl] trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound C1=C(OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)C(C=CC)=CC(C(C=2C=C(C=CC)C(OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)=CC=2)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=C1 AAYJZLQAFBCUET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAQONSRTZUYBTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-[4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)phenyl]propan-2-yl]phenyl] trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound C=1C=C(OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)C=CC=1C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=C(OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)C=C1 XAQONSRTZUYBTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCLSJKWFIMFMBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[1-[4-(benzenesulfonyloxy)phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-phenylethyl]phenyl] benzenesulfonate Chemical compound C=1C=C(OS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1C(C=1C=CC(OS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=1)(C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=CC=C1 GCLSJKWFIMFMBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZNMFVJCKYRPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(4-methylsulfonyloxyphenyl)-1-phenylethyl]phenyl] methanesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC(OS(=O)(=O)C)=CC=C1C(C(F)(F)F)(C=1C=CC(OS(C)(=O)=O)=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 PZNMFVJCKYRPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCWMHNVHZPJPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-[4-(2-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxyphenyl]-1-phenylethyl]phenyl] 2-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)OC1=CC=C(C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC(OS(=O)(=O)C=3C(=CC=CC=3)C)=CC=2)C(F)(F)F)C=C1 WCWMHNVHZPJPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLZFISXQSASZGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1-[4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)phenyl]ethyl]phenyl] trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound C=1C=C(OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)C=CC=1C(C=1C=CC(OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)=CC=1)(C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=CC=C1 XLZFISXQSASZGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOMLLQCELKTJCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-(3,5-difluoro-4-methylsulfonyloxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]-2,6-difluorophenyl] methanesulfonate Chemical compound C=1C(F)=C(OS(C)(=O)=O)C(F)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC(F)=C(OS(C)(=O)=O)C(F)=C1 VOMLLQCELKTJCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZADXUZZPYJPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-4-methylsulfonyloxyphenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenyl] methanesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=C(OS(C)(=O)=O)C(C)=CC(C(C=2C=C(C)C(OS(C)(=O)=O)=C(C)C=2)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=C1 SMZADXUZZPYJPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGLBFOOJINWKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-4-methylsulfonyloxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenyl] methanesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=C(OS(C)(=O)=O)C(C)=CC(C(C)(C)C=2C=C(C)C(OS(C)(=O)=O)=C(C)C=2)=C1 VGLBFOOJINWKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCFDWXOOMGOWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-(3-bromobenzoyl)benzoyl]phenyl]-(3-bromophenyl)methanone Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC(C(=O)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(=O)C=2C=C(Br)C=CC=2)=C1 GCFDWXOOMGOWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLLJLGBKPVCXGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-(3-iodobenzoyl)benzoyl]phenyl]-(3-iodophenyl)methanone Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC(C(=O)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(=O)C=2C=C(I)C=CC=2)=C1 DLLJLGBKPVCXGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKQNBLMGBOGQBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-(4-bromobenzoyl)benzoyl]phenyl]-(4-bromophenyl)methanone Chemical compound C1=CC(Br)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(=O)C=2C=CC(Br)=CC=2)C=C1 NKQNBLMGBOGQBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUUHVATVCSWJFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-(4-iodobenzoyl)benzoyl]phenyl]-(4-iodophenyl)methanone Chemical compound C1=CC(I)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(=O)C=2C=CC(I)=CC=2)C=C1 YUUHVATVCSWJFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKTHUQUSMNQOQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-(4-methylsulfonyloxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenyl] methanesulfonate Chemical compound C=1C=C(OS(C)(=O)=O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(OS(C)(=O)=O)C=C1 HKTHUQUSMNQOQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTZLUZJCWBJGQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-[3,5-difluoro-4-(2-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxyphenyl]propan-2-yl]-2,6-difluorophenyl] 2-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound C1(=C(C=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)OC1=C(C=C(C=C1F)C(C)(C)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)F)OS(=O)(=O)C1=C(C=CC=C1)C)F)F)C OTZLUZJCWBJGQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKPRQNYAJORHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-[3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxyphenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenyl] 2-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C=2C=C(C)C(OS(=O)(=O)C=3C(=CC=CC=3)C)=C(C)C=2)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=CC(C)=C1OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C KKPRQNYAJORHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLRRQSWHMYELLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-[3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxyphenyl]propan-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenyl] 2-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C=2C=C(C)C(OS(=O)(=O)C=3C(=CC=CC=3)C)=C(C)C=2)=CC(C)=C1OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C BLRRQSWHMYELLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGMYJQKELGHDCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-[3,5-dimethyl-4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenyl] trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=C(OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)C(C)=CC(C(C=2C=C(C)C(OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)=C(C)C=2)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=C1 GGMYJQKELGHDCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEUWBKDUFJXWCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-[4-(benzenesulfonyloxy)-3,5-dimethylphenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenyl] benzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C=2C=C(C)C(OS(=O)(=O)C=3C=CC=CC=3)=C(C)C=2)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=CC(C)=C1OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BEUWBKDUFJXWCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUCXVGJPYSPBNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-[4-(benzenesulfonyloxy)-3,5-dimethylphenyl]propan-2-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenyl] benzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C=2C=C(C)C(OS(=O)(=O)C=3C=CC=CC=3)=C(C)C=2)=CC(C)=C1OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GUCXVGJPYSPBNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLKXWOWJUBZKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-[4-(benzenesulfonyloxy)-3-methylphenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl]-2-methylphenyl] benzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C=2C=C(C)C(OS(=O)(=O)C=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=CC=C1OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MLKXWOWJUBZKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPFSITOPMFIWLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-[4-(benzenesulfonyloxy)-3-methylphenyl]propan-2-yl]-2-methylphenyl] benzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C=2C=C(C)C(OS(=O)(=O)C=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)=CC=C1OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 VPFSITOPMFIWLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFLLNKSKBGAZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-[4-(benzenesulfonyloxy)-3-prop-1-enylphenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl]-2-prop-1-enylphenyl] benzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC=CC1=CC(C(C=2C=C(C=CC)C(OS(=O)(=O)C=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=CC=C1OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CFLLNKSKBGAZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJPNDEXXHLVCKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-[4-(benzenesulfonyloxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl]phenyl] benzenesulfonate Chemical compound C=1C=C(OS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BJPNDEXXHLVCKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZFIHDLUPFIRGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-[4-(benzenesulfonyloxy)phenyl]propan-2-yl]phenyl] benzenesulfonate Chemical compound C=1C=C(OS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FZFIHDLUPFIRGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBZAWUXTXDAWOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-[4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)phenyl]propan-2-yl]phenyl] trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound C=1C=C(OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)C=C1 JBZAWUXTXDAWOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIGBFJPJWLFPBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[9-(3,5-difluoro-4-methylsulfonyloxyphenyl)fluoren-9-yl]-2,6-difluorophenyl] methanesulfonate Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(OS(=O)(=O)C)=C(F)C=C1C1(C=2C=C(F)C(OS(C)(=O)=O)=C(F)C=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 MIGBFJPJWLFPBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLSXGFCWNYDSHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[9-(3,5-dimethyl-4-methylsulfonyloxyphenyl)fluoren-9-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenyl] methanesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=C(OS(C)(=O)=O)C(C)=CC(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=C(C)C(OS(C)(=O)=O)=C(C)C=2)=C1 QLSXGFCWNYDSHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBXHDNQITWFNSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[9-(4-methylsulfonyloxy-3-phenylphenyl)fluoren-9-yl]-2-phenylphenyl] methanesulfonate Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OC1=CC=C(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=C(C(OS(C)(=O)=O)=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 GBXHDNQITWFNSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGYBEZYLNZXNAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[9-(4-methylsulfonyloxy-3-prop-1-enylphenyl)fluoren-9-yl]-2-prop-1-enylphenyl] methanesulfonate Chemical compound C1=C(OS(C)(=O)=O)C(C=CC)=CC(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=C(C=CC)C(OS(C)(=O)=O)=CC=2)=C1 SGYBEZYLNZXNAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHYBRRQPLPEHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[9-[3,5-difluoro-4-(2-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxyphenyl]fluoren-9-yl]-2,6-difluorophenyl] 2-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)OC1=C(F)C=C(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=C(F)C(OS(=O)(=O)C=3C(=CC=CC=3)C)=C(F)C=2)C=C1F WHYBRRQPLPEHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGULYZNITAUWER-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[9-[3,5-difluoro-4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)phenyl]fluoren-9-yl]-2,6-difluorophenyl] trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound FC1=C(OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)C(F)=CC(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=C(F)C(OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)=C(F)C=2)=C1 QGULYZNITAUWER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJFZICOMNMGUBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[9-[3,5-dimethyl-4-(2-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxyphenyl]fluoren-9-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenyl] 2-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)OC1=C(C)C=C(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=C(C)C(OS(=O)(=O)C=3C(=CC=CC=3)C)=C(C)C=2)C=C1C KJFZICOMNMGUBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUQCIQHCDMAFHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[9-[4-(2-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxy-3-phenylphenyl]fluoren-9-yl]-2-phenylphenyl] 2-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)OC1=CC=C(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=C(C(OS(=O)(=O)C=3C(=CC=CC=3)C)=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 DUQCIQHCDMAFHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNKRRKHPIISDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[9-[4-(2-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxyphenyl]fluoren-9-yl]phenyl] 2-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)OC1=CC=C(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=CC(OS(=O)(=O)C=3C(=CC=CC=3)C)=CC=2)C=C1 LSNKRRKHPIISDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYOVZYMPGOWTRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[9-[4-(benzenesulfonyloxy)-3,5-difluorophenyl]fluoren-9-yl]-2,6-difluorophenyl] benzenesulfonate Chemical compound FC1=CC(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=C(F)C(OS(=O)(=O)C=3C=CC=CC=3)=C(F)C=2)=CC(F)=C1OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OYOVZYMPGOWTRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTQZWEYLRPRSQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[9-[4-(benzenesulfonyloxy)-3,5-dimethylphenyl]fluoren-9-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenyl] benzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=C(C)C(OS(=O)(=O)C=3C=CC=CC=3)=C(C)C=2)=CC(C)=C1OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JTQZWEYLRPRSQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWLBKRUFCXQHBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[9-[4-(benzenesulfonyloxy)-3-fluorophenyl]fluoren-9-yl]-2-fluorophenyl] benzenesulfonate Chemical compound FC1=CC(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=C(F)C(OS(=O)(=O)C=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)=CC=C1OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JWLBKRUFCXQHBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAQBTMWFTAFPHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[9-[4-(benzenesulfonyloxy)-3-methylphenyl]fluoren-9-yl]-2-methylphenyl] benzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=C(C)C(OS(=O)(=O)C=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)=CC=C1OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GAQBTMWFTAFPHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKFCVTUVLCXEST-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[9-[4-(benzenesulfonyloxy)-3-phenylphenyl]fluoren-9-yl]-2-phenylphenyl] benzenesulfonate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)(=O)OC1=CC=C(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=C(C(OS(=O)(=O)C=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 AKFCVTUVLCXEST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADVBDHPWQMERNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[9-[4-(benzenesulfonyloxy)-3-prop-1-enylphenyl]fluoren-9-yl]-2-prop-1-enylphenyl] benzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC=CC1=CC(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=C(C=CC)C(OS(=O)(=O)C=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)=CC=C1OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ADVBDHPWQMERNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QEGMXBIXYPYUQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[[3,5-difluoro-4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)phenyl]-diphenylmethyl]-2,6-difluorophenyl] trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound FC1=C(OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)C(F)=CC(C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C(F)C(OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)=C(F)C=2)=C1 QEGMXBIXYPYUQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ULXGRUZMLVGCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl-tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O[Si](OC(C)(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C ULXGRUZMLVGCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QSUJAUYJBJRLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC QSUJAUYJBJRLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- TXBULBYASDPNNC-UHFFFAOYSA-L tetraethylazanium;sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC TXBULBYASDPNNC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
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- ZYXLOEAJFSQDQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy-(2-tributoxysilylphenyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)OCCCC ZYXLOEAJFSQDQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYZUVKDKSJFNIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy-(3-tributoxysilylphenyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)C1=CC=CC([Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)OCCCC)=C1 UYZUVKDKSJFNIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBNXDKRALACDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy-(4-tributoxysilylphenyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)C1=CC=C([Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)OCCCC)C=C1 YBNXDKRALACDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NBXZNTLFQLUFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC NBXZNTLFQLUFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIOGKDWMNMIDEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-(2-triethoxysilylphenyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC JIOGKDWMNMIDEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLGNHOJUQFHYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCC(F)(F)F JLGNHOJUQFHYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGROXJWYRXANBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propan-2-yl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C(C)C LGROXJWYRXANBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNYWDHFOQZZIDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-(2-trimethoxysilylphenyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](OC)(OC)OC KNYWDHFOQZZIDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZJJKWKADRNWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilicon Chemical group CO[Si](OC)OC PZJJKWKADRNWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- IXJNGXCZSCHDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1O[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IXJNGXCZSCHDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNNJGIKXHZZGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenoxy(propan-2-yl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1O[Si](OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(C(C)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1 FNNJGIKXHZZGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMUIJRKZTXWCEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1O[Si](OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(CCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1 AMUIJRKZTXWCEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUCRQDBOUNQJFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenoxy(triphenoxysilyl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1O[Si]([Si](OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 MUCRQDBOUNQJFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDOHRQCMIFOPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropoxy(2-tripropoxysilylethyl)silane Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)CC[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC QDOHRQCMIFOPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUWVDNLZJXLQPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCCO[Si](CCC)(OCCC)OCCC VUWVDNLZJXLQPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZIXIRYKSIMLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropoxy(tripropoxysilylmethyl)silane Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)C[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC BZIXIRYKSIMLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBAPKCYEEBMZDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropoxy-(2-tripropoxysilylphenyl)silane Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC NBAPKCYEEBMZDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMAKWPVRMIUZBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropoxy-(3-tripropoxysilylphenyl)silane Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)C1=CC=CC([Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC)=C1 YMAKWPVRMIUZBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOUOZDXPXSKVEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropoxy-(4-tripropoxysilylphenyl)silane Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)C1=CC=C([Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC)C=C1 FOUOZDXPXSKVEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBGOZMPAPWGNGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-[2-[tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]silyl]ethyl]silane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O[Si](OC(C)(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)CC[Si](OC(C)(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)OC(C)(C)C GBGOZMPAPWGNGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PITXUFPLSLHXRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-[4-[tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]silyl]phenyl]silane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O[Si](OC(C)(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)C1=CC=C([Si](OC(C)(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)OC(C)(C)C)C=C1 PITXUFPLSLHXRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJJZQRNPNLTSNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-[tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]silylmethyl]silane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O[Si](OC(C)(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)C[Si](OC(C)(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)OC(C)(C)C QJJZQRNPNLTSNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGOOITCIBGXHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-phenylsilane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O[Si](OC(C)(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 KGOOITCIBGXHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJIHPVLPZKWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-propan-2-ylsilane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O[Si](C(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)OC(C)(C)C MJIHPVLPZKWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIZPPYBTFPZSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-propylsilane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC(C)(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)OC(C)(C)C DIZPPYBTFPZSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02112—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
- H01L21/02118—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer carbon based polymeric organic or inorganic material, e.g. polyimides, poly cyclobutene or PVC
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/14—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers in which at least two but not all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02112—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
- H01L21/02123—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon
- H01L21/02126—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon the material containing Si, O, and at least one of H, N, C, F, or other non-metal elements, e.g. SiOC, SiOC:H or SiONC
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/022—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being a laminate, i.e. composed of sublayers, e.g. stacks of alternating high-k metal oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02205—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition
- H01L21/02208—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition the precursor containing a compound comprising Si
- H01L21/02211—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition the precursor containing a compound comprising Si the compound being a silane, e.g. disilane, methylsilane or chlorosilane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02205—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition
- H01L21/02208—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition the precursor containing a compound comprising Si
- H01L21/02214—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition the precursor containing a compound comprising Si the compound comprising silicon and oxygen
- H01L21/02216—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition the precursor containing a compound comprising Si the compound comprising silicon and oxygen the compound being a molecule comprising at least one silicon-oxygen bond and the compound having hydrogen or an organic group attached to the silicon or oxygen, e.g. a siloxane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02225—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer
- H01L21/0226—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process
- H01L21/02282—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process liquid deposition, e.g. spin-coating, sol-gel techniques, spray coating
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Abstract
【解決手段】 本発明の絶縁膜の形成方法は、基材の上にポリシロキサン系絶縁膜を形成する工程と、前記ポリシロキサン系絶縁膜の上に、ポリカルボシラン系絶縁膜を形成する工程と、
前記ポリカルボシラン系絶縁膜の上に、有機系絶縁膜を形成する工程と、を含む絶縁膜の形成方法であって、
前記ポリシロキサン系絶縁膜は、
下記一般式(1)〜(3)で表される化合物の群から選ばれた少なくとも1種のシラン化合物を加水分解縮合して形成され、
RaSi(OR1)4-a ・・・・・(1)
(式中、Rは水素原子、フッ素原子または1価の有機基、R1は1価の有機基、aは1〜2の整数を示す。)
Si(OR2)4 ・・・・・(2)・・・
(式中、R2は1価の有機基を示す。)
R3 b(R4O)3-bSi−(R7)d−Si(OR5)3-cR6 c ・・・(3)
〔式中、R3〜R6は同一または異なり、それぞれ1価の有機基、bおよびcは同一または異なり、0〜2の数を示し、R7は酸素原子、フェニレン基または−(CH2)m−で表される基(ここで、mは1〜6の整数である)、dは0または1を示す。〕
前記ポリカルボシラン系絶縁膜は、
下記一般式(4)で表されるポリカルボシラン化合物を溶媒に溶解して得られた溶液を塗布した後、塗膜を加熱して形成される、絶縁膜の形成方法。
【化42】
・・・・・・(4)
(式中、R8〜R11は同一または異なり、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシル基、アルコキシル基、スルホン基、メタンスルホン基、トリフルオロメタンスルホン基、1価の有機基を示し、R12〜R14は同一または異なり、置換または非置換のアルキレン基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリーレン基を示す。x,y,zは、0〜10,000の整数で10<x+y+z<20,000の条件を満たす。)
【選択図】 なし
Description
基材の上にポリシロキサン系絶縁膜を形成する工程と、
前記ポリシロキサン系絶縁膜の上に、ポリカルボシラン系絶縁膜を形成する工程と、
前記ポリカルボシラン系絶縁膜の上に、有機系絶縁膜を形成する工程と、を含む絶縁膜の形成方法であって、
前記ポリシロキサン系絶縁膜は、
下記一般式(1)〜(3)で表される化合物の群から選ばれた少なくとも1種のシラン化合物を加水分解縮合して形成され、
RaSi(OR1)4-a ・・・・・(1)
(式中、Rは水素原子、フッ素原子または1価の有機基、R1は1価の有機基、aは1〜2の整数を示す。)
Si(OR2)4 ・・・・・(2)
(式中、R2は1価の有機基を示す。)
R3 b(R4O)3-bSi−(R7)d−Si(OR5)3-cR6 c ・・・(3)
〔式中、R3〜R6は同一または異なり、それぞれ1価の有機基、bおよびcは同一または異なり、0〜2の数を示し、R7は酸素原子、フェニレン基または−(CH2)m−で表される基(ここで、mは1〜6の整数である)、dは0または1を示す。〕
前記ポリカルボシラン系絶縁膜は、
下記一般式(4)で表されるポリカルボシラン化合物を溶媒に溶解して得られた溶液を塗布した後、塗膜を加熱して形成される。
(式中、R8〜R11は同一または異なり、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシル基、アルコキシル基、スルホン基、メタンスルホン基、トリフルオロメタンスルホン基、1価の有機基を示し、R12〜R14は同一または異なり、置換または非置換のアルキレン基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリーレン基を示す。x,y,zは、0〜10,000の整数で10<x+y+z<20,000の条件を満たす。)
基材の上に形成されたポリシロキサン系絶縁膜と、
前記ポリシロキサン系絶縁膜の上に形成されたポリカルボシラン系絶縁膜と、
前記ポリカルボシラン系絶縁膜の上に有機系絶縁膜と、を含む絶縁膜であって、
前記ポリシロキサン系絶縁膜は、
下記一般式(1)〜(3)で表される化合物の群から選ばれた少なくとも1種のシラン化合物を加水分解縮合して形成されたものであり、
RaSi(OR1)4-a ・・・・・(1)
(式中、Rは水素原子、フッ素原子または1価の有機基、R1は1価の有機基、aは1〜2の整数を示す。)
Si(OR2)4 ・・・・・(2)
(式中、R2は1価の有機基を示す。)
R3 b(R4O)3-bSi−(R7)d−Si(OR5)3-cR6 c ・・・(3)
〔式中、R3〜R6は同一または異なり、それぞれ1価の有機基、bおよびcは同一または異なり、0〜2の数を示し、R7は酸素原子、フェニレン基または−(CH2)m−で表される基(ここで、mは1〜6の整数である)、dは0または1を示す。〕
下記一般式(4)で表されるポリカルボシラン化合物を溶媒に溶解して得られた溶液を塗布した後、塗膜を加熱して形成されたものである。
(式中、R8〜R11は同一または異なり、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシル基、アルコキシル基、スルホン基、メタンスルホン基、トリフルオロメタンスルホン基、1価の有機基を示し、R12〜R14は同一または異なり、置換または非置換のアルキレン基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリーレン基を示す。x,y,zは、0〜10,000の整数で10<x+y+z<20,000の条件を満たす。)
下記一般式(4)で表されるポリカルボシラン化合物を溶媒に溶解した溶液からなる。
(式中、R8〜R11は同一または異なり、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシル基、アルコキシル基、スルホン基、メタンスルホン基、トリフルオロメタンスルホン基、1価の有機基を示し、R12〜R14は同一または異なり、置換または非置換のアルキレン基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリーレン基を示す。x,y,zは、0〜10,000の整数で10<x+y+z<20,000の条件を満たす。)
1.1.ポリシロキサン系絶縁膜を形成するための成分((A)成分)
本発明の絶縁膜の形成方法において(A)成分とは、下記一般式(1)で表される化合物(以下、「化合物1」という)、下記一般式(2)で表される化合物(以下、「化合物2」という)および下記一般式(3)で表される化合物(以下、「化合物3」という)の群から選ばれた少なくとも1種のシラン化合物を加水分解縮合して得られるポリシロキサン化合物である。なお、以下の説明において、(A)成分というとき、前記ポリシロキサン化合物が有機溶媒に溶解もしくは分散している場合も含まれるものとする。
(式中、Rは水素原子、フッ素原子または1価の有機基、R1は1価の有機基、aは1〜2の整数を示す。)
Si(OR2)4 ・・・・・(2)
(式中、R2は1価の有機基を示す。)
R3 b(R4O)3-bSi−(R7)d−Si(OR5)3-cR6 c ・・・(3)
〔式中、R3〜R6は同一または異なり、それぞれ1価の有機基、bおよびcは同一または異なり、0〜2の数を示し、R7は酸素原子、フェニレン基または−(CH2)m−で表される基(ここで、mは1〜6の整数である)、dは0または1を示す。〕
前記一般式(1)において、R,R1で表される1価の有機基としては、アルキル基、アリール基、アリル基、グリシジル基などを挙げることができる。なかでも、一般式(1)において、R1の1価の有機基は、特にアルキル基またはフェニル基であることが好ましい。ここで、アルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基などが挙げられ、好ましくは炭素数1〜5であり、これらのアルキル基は鎖状でも、分岐していてもよく、さらに水素原子がフッ素原子などに置換されていてもよい。前記一般式(1)において、アリール基としては、フェニル基、ナフチル基、メチルフェニル基、エチルフェニル基、クロロフェニル基、ブロモフェニル基、フルオロフェニル基などを挙げることができる。
一般式(2)において、R2の1価の有機基としては、前記一般式(1)において例示したものと同様の基を挙げることができる。
一般式(3)において、d=0の化合物としては、ヘキサメトキシジシラン、ヘキサエトキシジシラン、ヘキサフェノキシジシラン、1,1,1,2,2−ペンタメトキシ−2−メチルジシラン、1,1,1,2,2−ペンタエトキシ−2−メチルジシラン、1,1,1,2,2−ペンタフェノキシ−2−メチルジシラン、1,1,1,2,2−ペンタメトキシ−2−エチルジシラン、1,1,1,2,2−ペンタエトキシ−2−エチルジシラン、1,1,1,2,2−ペンタフェノキシ−2−エチルジシラン、1,1,1,2,2−ペンタメトキシ−2−フェニルジシラン、1,1,1,2,2−ペンタエトキシ−2−フェニルジシラン、1,1,1,2,2−ペンタフェノキシ−2−フェニルジシラン、1,1,2,2−テトラメトキシ−1,2−ジメチルジシラン、1,1,2,2−テトラエトキシ−1,2−ジメチルジシラン、1,1,2,2−テトラフェノキシ−1,2−ジメチルジシラン、1,1,2,2−テトラメトキシ−1,2−ジエチルジシラン、1,1,2,2−テトラエトキシ−1,2−ジエチルジシラン、1,1,2,2−テトラフェノキシ−1,2−ジエチルジシラン、1,1,2,2−テトラメトキシ−1,2−ジフェニルジシラン、1,1,2,2−テトラエトキシ−1,2−ジフェニルジシラン、1,1,2,2−テトラフェノキシ−1,2−ジフェニルジシラン、1,1,2−トリメトキシ−1,2,2−トリメチルジシラン、1,1,2−トリエトキシ−1,2,2−トリメチルジシラン、1,1,2−トリフェノキシ−1,2,2−トリメチルジシラン、1,1,2−トリメトキシ−1,2,2−トリエチルジシラン、1,1,2−トリエトキシ−1,2,2−トリエチルジシラン、1,1,2−トリフェノキシ−1,2,2−トリエチルジシラン、1,1,2−トリメトキシ−1,2,2−トリフェニルジシラン、1,1,2−トリエトキシ−1,2,2−トリフェニルジシラン、1,1,2−トリフェノキシ−1,2,2−トリフェニルジシラン、1,2−ジメトキシ−1,1,2,2−テトラメチルジシラン、1,2−ジエトキシ−1,1,2,2−テトラメチルジシラン、1,2−ジフェノキシ−1,1,2,2−テトラメチルジシラン、1,2−ジメトキシ−1,1,2,2−テトラエチルジシラン、1,2−ジエトキシ−1,1,2,2−テトラエチルジシラン、1,2−ジフェノキシ−1,1,2,2−テトラエチルジシラン、1,2−ジメトキシ−1,1,2,2−テトラフェニルジシラン、1,2−ジエトキシ−1,1,2,2−テトラフェニルジシラン、1,2−ジフェノキシ−1,1,2,2−テトラフェニルジシランなどを挙げることができる。
本発明の絶縁膜の形成方法において、(A)成分には、必要に応じて触媒が含有されていてもよい。この触媒としては、有機酸、無機酸、有機塩基、無機塩基、金属キレートなどを挙げることができる。
トリエトキシ・モノ(アセチルアセトナート)ジルコニウム、トリ−n−プロポキシ・モノ(アセチルアセトナート)ジルコニウム、トリ−i−プロポキシ・モノ(アセチルアセトナート)ジルコニウム、トリ−n−ブトキシ・モノ(アセチルアセトナート)ジルコニウム、トリ−sec−ブトキシ・モノ(アセチルアセトナート)ジルコニウム、トリ−t−ブトキシ・モノ(アセチルアセトナート)ジルコニウム、ジエトキシ・ビス(アセチルアセトナート)ジルコニウム、ジ−n−プロポキシ・ビス(アセチルアセトナート)ジルコニウム、ジ−i−プロポキシ・ビス(アセチルアセトナート)ジルコニウム、ジ−n−ブトキシ・ビス(アセチルアセトナート)ジルコニウム、ジ−sec−ブトキシ・ビス(アセチルアセトナート)ジルコニウム、ジ−t−ブトキシ・ビス(アセチルアセトナート)ジルコニウム、モノエトキシ・トリス(アセチルアセトナート)ジルコニウム、モノ−n−プロポキシ・トリス(アセチルアセトナート)ジルコニウム、モノ−i−プロポキシ・トリス(アセチルアセトナート)ジルコニウム、モノ−n−ブトキシ・トリス(アセチルアセトナート)ジルコニウム、モノ−sec−ブトキシ・トリス(アセチルアセトナート)ジルコニウム、モノ−t−ブトキシ・トリス(アセチルアセトナート)ジルコニウム、テトラキス(アセチルアセトナート)ジルコニウム、トリエトキシ・モノ(エチルアセトアセテート)ジルコニウム、トリ−n−プロポキシ・モノ(エチルアセトアセテート)ジルコニウム、トリ−i−プロポキシ・モノ(エチルアセトアセテート)ジルコニウム、トリ−n−ブトキシ・モノ(エチルアセトアセテート)ジルコニウム、トリ−sec−ブトキシ・モノ(エチルアセトアセテート)ジルコニウム、トリ−t−ブトキシ・モノ(エチルアセトアセテート)ジルコニウム、ジエトキシ・ビス(エチルアセトアセテート)ジルコニウム、ジ−n−プロポキシ・ビス(エチルアセトアセテート)ジルコニウム、ジ−i−プロポキシ・ビス(エチルアセトアセテート)ジルコニウム、ジ−n−ブトキシ・ビス(エチルアセトアセテート)ジルコニウム、ジ−sec−ブトキシ・ビス(エチルアセトアセテート)ジルコニウム、ジ−t−ブトキシ・ビス(エチルアセトアセテート)ジルコニウム、モノエトキシ・トリス(エチルアセトアセテート)ジルコニウム、モノ−n−プロポキシ・トリス(エチルアセトアセテート)ジルコニウム、モノ−i−プロポキシ・トリス(エチルアセトアセテート)ジルコニウム、モノ−n−ブトキシ・トリス(エチルアセトアセテート)ジルコニウム、モノ−sec−ブトキシ・トリス(エチルアセトアセテート)ジルコニウム、モノ−t−ブトキシ・トリス(エチルアセトアセテート)ジルコニウム、テトラキス(エチルアセトアセテート)ジルコニウム、モノ(アセチルアセトナート)トリス(エチルアセトアセテート)ジルコニウム、ビス(アセチルアセトナート)ビス(エチルアセトアセテート)ジルコニウム、トリス(アセチルアセトナート)モノ(エチルアセトアセテート)ジルコニウム、等のジルコニウムキレート化合物;
トリス(アセチルアセトナート)アルミニウム、トリス(エチルアセトアセテート)アルミニウム等のアルミニウムキレート化合物;などを挙げることができる。
001〜1モル、好ましくは0.001〜0.1モルである。
ポリシロキサン系絶縁膜を形成するための膜形成用組成物(以下、これを「組成物1」ともいう)の製造方法では、上述の化合物1ないし化合物3から選ばれる少なくとも1種のシラン化合物を、上述の触媒、水、および後述する有機溶媒の存在下で加水分解縮合を行なう。
(II)常圧または減圧下で、組成物中より水酸化テトラアルキルアンモニウムを留去する方法
(III)窒素、アルゴンなどのガスをバブリングすることにより、組成物中から水酸化テトラアルキルアンモニウムを除去する方法
(IV)イオン交換樹脂により、組成物中から水酸化テトラアルキルアンモニウムを除く方法
(V)抽出や洗浄によって水酸化テトラアルキルアンモニウムを系外に除去する方法、
などが挙げられる。これらの方法は、それぞれ、組み合わせて用いてもよい。
また、上述の加水分解縮合は、有機溶媒存在下で行うことができる。
エチレングリコール、1,2−プロピレングリコール、1,3−ブチレングリコール、ペンタンジオール−2,4、2−メチルペンタンジオール−2,4、ヘキサンジオール−2,5、ヘプタンジオール−2,4、2−エチルヘキサンジオール−1,3、ジエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、トリプロピレングリコールなどの多価アルコール系溶媒;
エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノヘキシルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノフェニルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノ−2−エチルブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノヘキシルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテルなどの多価アルコール部分エーテル系溶媒;
などを挙げることができる。
非プロトン系溶媒としては、アセトニトリル、ジメチルスルホキシド、N,N,N´,N´−テトラエチルスルファミド、ヘキサメチルリン酸トリアミド、N−メチルモルホロン、N−メチルピロール、N−エチルピロール、N−メチル−Δ3−ピロリン、N−メチルピペリジン、N−エチルピペリジン、N,N−ジメチルピペラジン、N−メチルイミダゾール、N−メチル−4−ピペリドン、N−メチル−2−ピペリドン、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン、1,3−ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジノン、1,3−ジメチルテトラヒドロ−2(1H)−ピリミジノンなどを挙げることができる。
ポリシロキサン系絶縁膜は、前記の組成物1を基材に塗布し、溶媒を除去した後、塗膜を加熱によって硬化することにより形成できる。まず、組成物1の基材への塗布方法としては、スピンコート、ディッピング、ローラーブレード、スプレー法などが挙げられる。この際の膜厚は、乾燥膜厚として、1回塗りで厚さ0.01〜1.5μm程度、2回塗りでは厚さ0.02〜3μm程度の塗膜を形成することができる。
2.1.ポリカルボシラン系絶縁膜を形成するための成分((B)成分)
(B)成分は、下記一般式(4)で表されるポリカルボシラン化合物(以下、「化合物4」ということもある)である。なお、以下の説明において、(B)成分というとき、前記ポリカルボシラン化合物が有機溶媒に溶解もしくは分散している場合も含まれるものとする。
前記一般式(4)において、R8〜R11は、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシル基、アルコキシル基、スルホン基、メタンスルホン基、トリフルオロメタンスルホン基、1価の有機基を示す。1価の有機基としては、化合物(1)において例示した基と同様のものを挙げることができる。また、R8〜R11は、同一の基でも異なる基であってもよい。
ポリカルボシラン系絶縁膜を形成するための膜形成用組成物(以下、これを「組成物2」ともいう)の製造方法では、上述の化合物4を溶媒に溶解して得られる。
組成物2を調整するための有機溶媒としては、ケトン系溶媒、エステル系溶媒、アルコール系溶媒、芳香族系溶媒などを挙げることができる。
界面活性剤としては、たとえば、ノニオン系界面活性剤、アニオン系界面活性剤、カチオン系界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤などが挙げられ、さらには、フッ素系界面活性剤、シリコーン系界面活性剤、ポリアルキレンオキシド系界面活性剤、ポリ(メタ)アクリレート系界面活性剤などを挙げることができ、好ましくはフッ素系界面活性剤、シリコーン系界面活性剤を挙げることができる。
ポリカルボシラン系絶縁膜は、前記の組成物2を1.3.で述べたポリシロキサン系絶縁膜の上に塗布し、溶媒を除去した後、塗膜を加熱して硬化することにより形成できる。組成物2の塗布方法としては、スピンコート、ディッピング、ローラーブレード、スプレー法、スキャンコート、スリットダイコートなどが挙げられる。
3.1 有機系絶縁膜を形成するための成分
本発明の有機系絶縁膜は、ポリアリーレン、ポリアリーレンエーテル、ポリオキサゾリン、ポリベンゾシクロブテン骨格を有する重合体から選択される少なくとも一種を主成分とする膜である。
(式(5)〜(7)中、R8〜R12はそれぞれ独立して炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、炭素数1〜20のアルコキシル基、アリール基、またはハロゲン原子を示し、Xは−CQQ’−(ここで、Q、Q’は同一であっても異なっていてもよく、ハロゲン化アルキル基、アルキル基、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、またはアリール基を示す)で示される基およびフルオレニレン基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を示し、Yは−O−、−CO−、−COO−、−CONH−、−S−、−SO2−、およびフェニレン基の群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を示し、eは0または1を表し、o〜sは0〜4の整数を表し、fは5〜100モル%、gは0〜95モル%、hは0〜95モル%(ただし、f+g+h=100モル%)、iは0〜100モル%、jは0〜100モル%(ただし、i+j=100モル%)であり、AおよびBはそれぞれ独立に、下記一般式(8)〜(10)で表される2価の芳香族基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の基を示す。)
〔式(8)〜(10)中、R14、R15、R20およびR21は独立に、単結合、−O−、−CO−、−CH2−、−COO−、−CONH−、−S−、−SO2−、フェニレン基、イソプロピリデン基、ヘキサフルオロイソプロピリデン基、ジフェニルメチリデン基、フルオレニレン基、または式
(式(11)中において、R13,R13’は水素原子または下記一般式(12)および(13)で表される芳香族基の群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の基を示し、W1,W2は下記一般式(14)および(15)で表される2価の芳香族基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の基を示す。)
〔式(12)および(13)中、R25はハロゲン原子、炭素原子数1〜20の炭化水素基、ハロゲン化アルキル基、炭素原子数1〜20のアルコキシル基、フェノキシ基またはアリール基を示し、m’は0〜5の整数を表し、n’は0〜7の整数を表す。〕
〔式(14)および(15)中、R25はハロゲン原子、炭素原子数1〜20の炭化水素基、ハロゲン化アルキル基、炭素原子数1〜20のアルコキシル基、フェノキシ基またはアリール基を示し、R26は単結合、−O−、−CO−、−CH2−、−COO−、−CONH−、−S−、−SO2−、フェニレン基、イソプロピリデン基、ヘキサフルオロイソプロピリデン基、ジフェニルメチリデン基、メチルフェニルメチリデン基、トリフルオロメチルメチルメチリデン基、トリフルオロメチルフェニルメチリデン基、フルオレニレン基、または式
(式(17)において、X1は下記の式より選ばれる構造を示し、これらの構造中のベンゼン環上の水素原子のうち少なくとも1個は、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、t−ブチル基、およびフェニル基からなる群から選ばれる、一価の有機基で置換されていてもよい。)
有機系絶縁膜のための膜形成用組成物(以下、「組成物3」という)は、前記一般式(5)〜(7)、(11)および(16)で表される重合体から選択される少なくとも1種が溶媒に溶解もしくは分散して得られるものである。まず、一般式(5)〜(7)、(11)および(16)で表される重合体の製造方法について説明する。
一般式(5)で表される重合体(化合物5)は、例えば、下記一般式(20)に示す化合物20をモノマーとして、遷移金属化合物を含む触媒系の存在下に重合することによって製造することができる。
〔式(20)中、R8,R9はそれぞれ独立して炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、炭素数1〜20のアルコキシル基、アリール基、またはハロゲン原子、Xは−CQQ’−(ここで、Q、Q’は同一であっても異なっていてもよく、ハロゲン化アルキル基、アルキル基、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、またはアリール基を示す)で示される基およびフルオレニレン基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を示し、o,pは0〜4の整数を表し、Zはアルキル基、ハロゲン化アルキル基またはアリール基を示す。〕
−C(CF3)2− ・・・・・(22)
−C(CF3)(C6H5)− ・・・・・(23)
−CH(CH3)− ・・・・・(24)
−C(C6H5)2− ・・・・・(25)
上記一般式(20)に示す化合物20(モノマー)の具体例としては、例えば、2,2−ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、 ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシフェニル)メタン、 ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、 2,2−ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシ−3−メチルフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、 2,2−ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシ−3−プロペニルフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、 2,2−ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、 2,2−ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシフェニル)プロパン、 2,2−ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシ−3−メチルフェニル)プロパン、 2,2−ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシ−3−プロペニルフェニル)ロパン、 2,2−ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)プロパン、 2,2−ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシ−3−フルオロフェニル)プロパン、 2,2−ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジフルオロフェニル)プロパン、 2,2−ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシフェニル)プロパン、 2,2−ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシ−3−プロペニルフェニル)プロパン、2,2−ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシフェニル)プロパン、 2,2−ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシ−3−メチルフェニル)プロパン、 2,2−ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシ−3−プロペニルフェニル)プロパン、 2,2−ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)プロパン、 2,2−ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシ−3−フルオロフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、 2,2−ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシフェニル)プロパン、 2,2−ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3−メチルフェニル)プロパン、 2,2−ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3−プロペニルフェニル)プロパン、 2,2−ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)プロパン、 2,2−ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3−メチルフェニル)プロパン、 2,2−ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)プロパン、 2,2−ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3−プロペニルフェニル)プロパン、 ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3−フルオロフェニル)プロパン、ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジフルオロフェニル)プロパン 9,9−ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシフェニル)フルオレン、 9,9−ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシ−3−メチルフェニル)フルオレン、 9,9−ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)フルオレン、 9,9−ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシ−3−プロペニルフェニル)フルオレン、 9,9−ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシ−3−フェニルフェニル)フルオレン、 ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシ−3−メチルフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、 ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシ−3−プロペニルフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、 ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシ−3−フルオロフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、 ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジフルオロフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、 9,9−ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシ−3−フルオロフェニル)フルオレン、 9,9−ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジフルオロフェニル)フルオレン、 ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシフェニル)メタン、 ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシ−3−メチルフェニル)メタン、 ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)メタン、 ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシ−3−プロペニルフェニル)メタン、 ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシフェニル)トリフルオロメチルフェニルメタン、 ビス(4−メチルスルフォニロキシフェニル)フェニルメタン、2,2−ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、 ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシフェニル)メタン、 ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、 2,2−ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシ−3−メチルフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、 2,2−ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシ−3−プロペニルフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、 2,2−ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、 9,9−ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシフェニル)フルオレン、 9,9−ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシ−3−メチルフェニル)フルオレン、 9,9−ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)フルオレン、9,9−ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシ−3−プロペニルフェニル)フルオレン、9,9−ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシ−3−フェニルフェニル)フルオレン、 ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシ−3−メチルフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、 ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシ−3−プロペニルフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、 ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシ−3−フルオロフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、 ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジフルオロフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、 9,9−ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシ−3−フルオロフェニル)フルオレン、 9,9−ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジフルオロフェニル)フルオレン、 ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシフェニル)メタン、 ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシ−3−メチルフェニル)メタン、 ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)メタン、 ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシ−3−プロペニルフェニル)メタン、 ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシフェニル)トリフルオロメチルフェニルメタン、 ビス(4−トリフルオロメチルスルフォニロキシフェニル)、 2,2−ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、 ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシフェニル)メタン、 ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、 2,2−ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシ−3−メチルフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、 2,2−ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシ−3−プロペニルフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、 2,2−ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、 9,9−ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシフェニル)フルオレン、 9,9−ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシ−3−メチルフェニル)フルオレン、 9,9−ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)フルオレン、 9,9−ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシ−3−プロペニルフェニル)フルオレン、 9,9−ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシ−3−フェニルフェニル)フルオレン、 ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシ−3−メチルフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、 ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、 ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシ−3−プロペニルフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、 ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシ−3−フルオロフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、 ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジフルオロフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、 9,9−ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシ−3−フルオロフェニル)フルオレン、 9,9−ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジフルオロフェニル)フルオレン、 ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシフェニル)メタン、 ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシ−3−メチルフェニル)メタン、 ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)メタン、 ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシ−3−プロペニルフェニル)メタン、 ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシフェニル)トリフルオロメチルフェニルメタン、 ビス(4−フェニルスルフォニロキシフェニル)フェニルメタン、 2,2−ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、 ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシフェニル)メタン、 ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、 2,2−ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3−メチルフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2−ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3−プロペニルフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、 2,2−ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、 9,9−ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシフェニル)フルオレン、 9,9−ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3−メチルフェニル)フルオレン、 9,9−ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)フルオレン、 9,9−ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3−プロペニルフェニル)フルオレン、 9,9−ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3−フェニルフェニル)フルオレン、 ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3−メチルフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、 ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3−プロペニルフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、 ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3−フルオロフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、 ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジフルオロフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、 9,9−ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3−フルオロフェニル)フルオレン、 9,9−ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジフルオロフェニル)フルオレン、 ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシフェニル)メタン、 ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3−メチルフェニル)メタン、 ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3,5−ジメチルフェニル)メタン、 ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシ−3−プロペニルフェニル)メタン、 ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシフェニル)トリフルオロメチルフェニルメタン、 ビス(p−トリルスルフォニロキシフェニル)フェニルメタンなどを挙げることができる。本発明においては、上記一般式(20)に示す化合物20を2種以上共重合することもできる。
〔式(27)中、R10,R11はそれぞれ独立して炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、炭素数1〜20のアルコキシル基、アリール基、またはハロゲン原子、R33,R34は、−OSO2Z(ここで、Zはアルキル基、ハロゲン化アルキル基またはアリール基を示す。)、塩素原子、臭素原子、またはヨウ素原子を示し、Yは−O−、−CO−、−COO−、−CONH−、−S−、−SO2−、およびフェニレン基の群から選ばれた少なくとも1種を示し、eは0または1を表し、q,rは0〜4の整数を表す。〕
〔式(28)中、R12は、炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、炭素数1〜20のアルコキシル基、アリール基、またはハロゲン原子、R35,R36は、−OSO2Z(ここで、Zはアルキル基、ハロゲン化アルキル基、またはアリール基を示す。)、塩素原子、臭素原子、またはヨウ素原子を示し、sは0〜4の整数を表す。〕
一般式(6)で表される重合体(以下「化合物6」という)は、例えば、下記一般式(29)〜(31)に示す化合物を含むモノマーを触媒系の存在下に重合することによって製造することができる。
〔式(29)中、R10,R11はそれぞれ独立して炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、炭素数1〜20のアルコキシル基、アリール基またはハロゲン原子、Xは−CQQ’−(ここでQ,Q’は同一であっても異なっていてもよく、ハロゲン化アルキル基、アルキル基、水素原子、ハロゲン原子またはアリール基を示す)で示される基およびフルオレニレン基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を示し、o、pは0〜4の整数を表し、R37,R38は水酸基、ハロゲン原子、−OM’基(M’はアルカリ金属である)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を示す〕
〔式(30)中、R10,R11はそれぞれ独立して炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、炭素数1〜20のアルコキシル基、アリール基、またはハロゲン原子、R39,R40は水酸基、ハロゲン原子、−OM’基(M’はアルカリ金属である)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を示し、Yは−O−、−CO−、−COO−、−CONH−、−S−、−SO2−およびフェニレン基の群から選ばれた少なくとも1種を示し、eは0または1を表し、q,rは0〜4の整数を表す。〕
〔式(31)中、R12は炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、炭素数1〜20のアルコキシル基、アリール基,またはハロゲン原子を示し、R35,R36は−OSO2Z(ここで、Zはアルキル基、ハロゲン化アルキル基、またはアリール基を示す。)、塩素原子、臭素原子、またはヨウ素原子を示し、sは0〜4の整数を表す。〕
一般式(7)で表される重合体(以下、「化合物7」という)は、例えば、下記一般式(32)および一般式(33)で表わされる化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物と、下記一般式(34)および一般式(35)で表される化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物とを触媒の存在下で重合することにより得ることができる。
(2−ブロモフェノキシ)ジフェニルエーテル、3,4’−ビス (2−ヨードフェノキシ)ジフェニルエーテル、3,4’−ビス (3−ブロモフェノキシ)ジフェニルエーテル、3,4’−ビス (3−ヨードフェノキシ)ジフェニルエーテル、3,4’−ビス (4−ブロモフェノキシ)ジフェニルエーテル、3,4’−ビス (4−ヨードフェノキシ)ジフェニルエーテル、4,4’−ビス (2−ブロモフェノキシ)ジフェニルエーテル、4,4’−ビス(2−ヨードフェノキシ)ジフェニルエーテル、4,4’−ビス (3−ブロモフェノキシ)ジフェニルエーテル、4,4’−ビス (3−ヨードフェノキシ)ジフェニルエーテル、4,4’−ビス (4−ブロモフェノキシ)ジフェニルエーテル、4,4’−ビス (4−ヨードフェノキシ)ジフェニルエーテル、3,4’−ビス (2−ブロモベンゾイル)ジフェニルエーテル、3,4’−ビス (2−ヨードベンゾイル)ジフェニルエーテル、3,4’−ビス (3−ブロモベンゾイル)ジフェニルエーテル、3,4’−ビス (3−ヨードベンゾイル)ジフェニルエーテル、3,4’−ビス (4−ブロモベンゾイル)ジフェニルエーテル、3,4’−ビス (4−ヨードベンゾイル)ジフェニルエーテル、4,4’−ビス (2−ブロモベンゾイル)ジフェニルエーテル、4,4’−ビス(2−ヨードベンゾイル)ジフェニルエーテル、4,4’−ビス (3−ブロモベンゾイル)ジフェニルエーテル、4,4’−ビス (3−ヨードベンゾイル)ジフェニルエーテル、4,4’−ビス (4−ブロモベンゾイル)ジフェニルエーテル、4,4’−ビス (4−ヨードベンゾイル)ジフェニルエーテル、2,2’−ビス(4−クロロフェニル)ジフェニルメチリデン、2,2’−ビス(4−ヨードフェニル)ジフェニルメチリデン、2,2’−ビス(4−ブロモフェニル)ジフェニルメチリデン、2,2’−ビス(3−クロロフェニル)ジフェニルメチリデン、2,2’−ビス(3−ヨードフェニル)ジフェニルメチリデン、2,2’−ビス(3−ブロモフェニル)ジフェニルメチリデン、9,9−ビス(4−クロロフェニル)フルオレン、9,9−ビス(4−ヨードフェニル)フルオレン、9,9−ビス(4−ブロモフェニル)フルオレン、9,9−ビス(3−クロロフェニル)フルオレン、9,9−ビス(3−ヨードフェニル)フルオレン、9,9−ビス(3−ブロモフェニル)フルオレン、4,4”−ジクロロ−m−ターフェニル、4,4”−ジヨード−m−ターフェニル、4,4”−ジブロモ−m−ターフェニル、4,4”−ジクロロ−p−ターフェニル、4,4”−ジヨード−p−ターフェニル、4,4”−ジブロモ−p−ターフェニルなどを挙げることができる。これらの化合物は1種単独で使用しても2種以上を同時に使用してもよい。
(b)1価の銅化合物
(c)塩基性化合物
(a)成分のうちパラジウム塩としては、例えば、塩化パラジウム、臭化パラジウム、ヨウ化パラジウム等を挙げることができる。これらの化合物は1種単独で使用しても2種以上を同時に使用してもよい。ここで、パラジウム塩の使用割合は、上記一般式(32)〜(35)で表される化合物の総量1モルに対し、好ましくは、0.0001〜10モル、さらに好ましくは、0.001〜1モルである。0.0001モル未満であると重合が十分に進行しないことがあり、一方、10モルを超えると精製が困難となることがある。
一般式(11)で表される重合体(以下、「化合物8」という)は、例えば、下記一般式(36)と、下記一般式(37)および(38)に示す化合物を反応させることによって製造することができる。
(式(36)〜(38)中、R13,R13’は水素原子または上記一般式(12)および(13)で表される芳香族基の群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の基を示し、W1,W2は上記一般式(14)および(15)で表される2価の芳香族基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の基を示す。)
一般式(16)により示される重合体(以下、「化合物9」という)は、以下の一般式(39)〜(41)の化合物を反応させることにより得られる。
(式(39)において、Xは、上述の式(17)より選ばれた1つである構造を示す。)
HOOC−Y−COOH・・・・・(40)
(式(40)において、Yは、上述の式(18)または(19)より選ばれた1つである構造を示す。)
一般式(39)で表される化合物としては、例えば、2,4−ジアミノレゾルシノール、4,6−ジアミノレゾルシノール、2,2−ビス(3−アミノ−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2−ビス(4−アミノ−3−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、3,3'−ジアミノ−4,4'−ジヒドロキシビフェニルスルフォン、4,4'−ジアミノ−3,3'−ジヒドロキシビフェニルスルフォン、3,3'−ジアミノ−4,4'−ジヒドロキシビフェニル、4,4'−ジアミノ−3,3'−ジヒドロキシビフェニル、9,9−ビス−{4−((4−アミノ−3−ヒドロキシ)フェノキシ)フェニル}フルオレン、9,9−ビス−{4−((3−アミノ−4−ヒドロキシ)フェノキシ)フェニル}フルオレン、9,9−ビス−{4−((4−アミノ−3−ヒドロキシ)フェノキシ−3−フェニル)フェニル}フルオレン、9,9−ビス−{4−((3−アミノ−4−ヒドロキシ)フェノキシ−3−フェニル)フェニル}フルオレン、3,3'−ジアミノ−4,4'−ジヒドロキシジフェニルエーテル、4,4'−ジアミノ−3,3'−ジヒドロキシジフェニルエーテルなどを挙げることができるが、必ずしもこれらに限られるものではない。また、これら2種以上のジアミノフェノール化合物を組み合わせて使用することも可能である。
ルジカルボン酸、4,4'−ビス(3−トリメチルシリル)フェニルジカルボン酸、4,4'−ビス(2−アダマンチル)フェニルジカルボン酸、4,4'−ビス(3−アダマンチル)フェニルジカルボン酸、6−メチルナフタレン−1,4−ジカルボン酸、6−t−ブチルナフタレン−1,4−ジカルボン酸、6−トリメチルシリルナフタレン−1,4−ジカルボン酸、6−アダマンチルナフタレン−1,4−ジカルボン酸、4−メチルナフタレン
−2,6−ジカルボン酸、4−t−ブチルナフタレン−2,6−ジカルボン酸、4−トリメチルシリルナフタレン−2,6−ジカルボン酸、4−アダマンチルナフタレン−2,6−ジカルボン酸などが挙げられるが、必ずしもこれらに限られるものではない。また、これらの化合物のうち2種以上のを組み合わせて使用することも可能である。
有機系絶縁膜の形成では、前記の組成物3を基材に塗布し、溶媒を除去した後、塗膜を加熱によって硬化することにより形成できる。まず、組成物1の基材への塗布方法としては、スピンコート、ディッピング、ローラーブレード、スプレー法などが挙げられる。この際の膜厚は、乾燥膜厚として、1回塗りで厚さ1〜1000nm程度、2回塗りでは厚さ2〜2000nm程度の塗膜を形成することができる。
本発明の絶縁膜は、上述の絶縁膜の形成方法により得られる絶縁膜である。すなわち、少なくともポリカルボシラン系絶縁膜、ポリカルボシラン系絶縁膜および有機系絶縁膜が積層された多層の絶縁膜である。この絶縁膜は、いわゆるLow-k膜であるポリシロキサン系絶縁膜と有機系絶縁膜との間に、ポリカルボシラン系絶縁膜が存在する。ポリカルボシラン系絶縁膜は、RIEなどによるエッチング処理雰囲気に曝された場合でも、エッチングダメージを受けることが少ない。そのため、有機系絶縁膜の下層にあるポリシロキサン系絶縁膜にエッチングダメージを与えることがない。したがって、本発明の絶縁膜は、ポリシロキサン系絶縁膜の低比誘電率を保持しながら、エッチング,アッシングあるいはウエット洗浄などのプロセスに対する耐性などにも優れる。
また、本発明の絶縁膜は、デュアルダマシン構造を有する配線層を有する半導体装置であって、ビア部を形成する層にはポリシロキサン系絶縁膜を用い、トレンチ部を形成する層には有機系絶縁膜を用いる場合、特に利点を有する。この態様では、まず、トレンチ部を形成するために有機系絶縁膜のエッチングが行なわれるが、このエッチングにおいて、下層にあるポリシロキサン系絶縁膜中にエッチングダメージが生じてしまうことがある。しかし、本発明によれば、ポリカルボシラン系絶縁膜を有機系絶縁膜と、ポリシロキサン系絶縁膜との間に介していることで、ポリシロキサン系絶縁膜を保護することができる。そのため、本発明の絶縁膜によれば、より信頼性の高い配線層を有する半導体装置を提供することができる。
次に、本発明を、実施例を挙げてさらに具体的に説明する。なお、実施例および比較例中の「部」および「%」は、特記しない限りそれぞれ重量部および重量%であることを示している。ただし、以下の記載は本発明の態様を概括的に示すものであり、かかる記載により本発明は限定されるものではない。
5.1.1.調整例1
市販ポリカルボシラン(「NIPUSI Type‐s」、日本カーボン株式会社から入手可能のポリジメチルシランのカルボシラン化ポリマー)を、プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテルとシクロヘキサノンの混合溶液(重量比;プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル:シクロヘキサノン=50:50)に固形分含有量2%になるように溶解し、膜形成用組成物(A)を得た。
ポリアリルジヒドロカルボシラン(「SP‐10」、スターファイアー社から入手可能のポリジメチルシランのカルボシラン化ポリマー)を、プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテルと2−ヘプタノンの混合溶液(重量比;プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル:シクロヘキサノン=50:50)に固形分含有量2%になるように溶解し、膜形成用組成物(B)を得た。
試料:テトラヒドロフランを溶媒として使用し、重合体1gを、100ccのテトラヒドロフランに溶解して調製した。
標準ポリスチレン:米国プレッシャーケミカル社製の標準ポリスチレンを使用した。
装置:米国ウオーターズ社製の高温高速ゲル浸透クロマトグラム(モデル150−C ALC/GPC)
カラム:昭和電工(株)製のSHODEX A−80M(長さ50cm)
測定温度:40℃流速:
この膜形成用組成物(D)を、ポリカルボシラン系絶縁膜の上に、スピンコート法により塗布した。その後、400℃で1時間の焼成を行い、有機系絶縁膜を形成した。
[比較例1]
実施例1で得られた膜形成用組成物(C)を8インチのシリコンウエハー上にスピンコートによって塗布し、400℃にて焼成し、ポリシロキサン系絶縁膜(膜厚400nm,誘電率2.3)を得た。
5.2.1.比誘電率の測定
得られた絶縁膜に対して蒸着法によりアルミニウム電極パターンを形成させ、比誘電率測定用サンプルを作成した。各サンプルについて、周波数100kHzの周波数で、横河・ヒューレットパッカード(株)製、HP16451B電極およびHP4284AプレシジョンLCRメータを用いてCV法により比誘電率を測定した。測定結果を表1に示す。
N&Kテクノロジーズ社製、n&kアナライザー1500の多層解析モードを用いて、積層体からなる絶縁膜の各層の膜厚を算出した。このようにして算出した各層の膜厚は、5.2.3.の比誘電率を求める際に用いた。
別途,Siウェハー上に成膜した有機絶縁膜の比誘電率を測定し、積層後にも有機膜はこの比誘電率を有するものとした。この比誘電率の値を用いて、多層解析によって得られた各層の膜厚、および積層体の比誘電率の測定結果から、直列キャパシターモデルを用いてポリシロキサン系絶縁膜の比誘電率を算出した。測定結果を表1に示す。
各実施例1〜3,および比較例1で得られたウエハー積層体を2mm×10mmのサイズで破断してサンプルを形成した。このサンプルを室温で0.2%の希フッ酸水溶液中に1分間浸漬した。サンプルの破断面をSEMにて観察し、ポリシロキサン系絶縁膜が希フッ酸によりエッチングされているかどうかを観察した。測定結果を表1に示す。
各実施例1〜3および比較例1により得られた絶縁膜に対して400℃、1時間、窒素雰囲気下で焼成を行った後、各積層膜を東京エレクトロン社製プラズマエッチング装置を用いて、アンモニアまたは酸素を用いる有機Low-k膜エッチング条件に暴露し、暴露前後のシロキサンLow-k膜の誘電率変化よりRIE耐性を評価した。なお、暴露前後のポリシロキサン系絶縁膜の比誘電率は、測定結果を表1に示す。
4点曲げ法を用いて、実施例1〜3および比較例により得られた絶縁膜のポリシロキサン系絶縁膜および有機絶縁膜界面の接着強度を測定を行った。測定結果を表2に示す。
Claims (5)
- 基材の上にポリシロキサン系絶縁膜を形成する工程と、
前記ポリシロキサン系絶縁膜の上に、ポリカルボシラン系絶縁膜を形成する工程と、
前記ポリカルボシラン系絶縁膜の上に、有機系絶縁膜を形成する工程と、を含む絶縁膜の形成方法であって、
前記ポリシロキサン系絶縁膜は、
下記一般式(1)〜(3)で表される化合物の群から選ばれた少なくとも1種のシラン化合物を加水分解縮合して形成され、
RaSi(OR1)4−a ・・・・・(1)
(式中、Rは水素原子、フッ素原子または1価の有機基、R1は1価の有機基、aは1〜2の整数を示す。)
Si(OR2)4 ・・・・・(2)
(式中、R2は1価の有機基を示す。)
R3 b(R4O)3−bSi−(R7)d−Si(OR5)3−cR6 c
・・・・・(3)
〔式中、R3〜R6は同一または異なり、それぞれ1価の有機基、bおよびcは同一または異なり、0〜2の数を示し、R7は酸素原子、フェニレン基または−(CH2)m−で表される基(ここで、mは1〜6の整数である)、dは0または1を示す。〕
前記ポリカルボシラン系絶縁膜は、
下記一般式(4)で表されるポリカルボシラン化合物を溶媒に溶解して得られた溶液を塗布した後、塗膜を加熱して形成される、絶縁膜の形成方法。
(式中、R8〜R11は同一または異なり、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシル基、アルコキシル基、スルホン基、メタンスルホン基、トリフルオロメタンスルホン基、1価の有機基を示し、R12〜R14は同一または異なり、置換または非置換のアルキレン基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリーレン基を示す。x,y,zは、0〜10,000の整数で10<x+y+z<20,000の条件を満たす。) - 請求項1において、
前記有機系絶縁膜は、ポリアリーレン、ポリアリーレンエーテル、ポリオキサゾリンおよびポリベンゾシクロブテン骨格を有する重合体の少なくとも一種を溶剤に溶解または分散して得られた溶液を塗布した後、塗膜を加熱して形成される、絶縁膜の形成方法。 - 基材の上に形成されたポリシロキサン系絶縁膜と、
前記ポリシロキサン系絶縁膜の上に形成されたポリカルボシラン系絶縁膜と、
前記ポリカルボシラン系絶縁膜の上に形成された有機系絶縁膜と、を含む絶縁膜であって、
前記ポリシロキサン系絶縁膜は、
下記一般式(1)〜(3)で表される化合物の群から選ばれた少なくとも1種のシラン化合物を加水分解縮合して形成されたものであり、
RaSi(OR1)4-a ・・・・・(1)
(式中、Rは水素原子、フッ素原子または1価の有機基、R1は1価の有機基、aは1〜2の整数を示す。)
Si(OR2)4 ・・・・・(2)
(式中、R2は1価の有機基を示す。)
R3 b(R4O)3-bSi−(R7)d−Si(OR5)3-cR6 c ・・・(3)
〔式中、R3〜R6は同一または異なり、それぞれ1価の有機基、bおよびcは同一または異なり、0〜2の数を示し、R7は酸素原子、フェニレン基または−(CH2)m−で表される基(ここで、mは1〜6の整数である)、dは0または1を示す。〕
前記ポリカルボシラン系絶縁膜は、
下記一般式(4)で表されるポリカルボシラン化合物を溶媒に溶解して得られた溶液を塗布した後、塗膜を加熱して形成されたものである、絶縁膜。
(式中、R8〜R11は同一または異なり、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシル基、アルコキシル基、スルホン基、メタンスルホン基、トリフルオロメタンスルホン基、1価の有機基を示し、R12〜R14は同一または異なり、置換または非置換のアルキレン基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリーレン基を示す。x,y,zは、0〜10,000の整数で10<x+y+z<20,000の条件を満たす。) - 請求項3において、
前記有機系絶縁膜は、ポリアリーレン、ポリアリーレンエーテル、ポリオキサゾリンおよびポリベンゾシクロブテンの少なくとも1種を溶剤に溶解または分散して得られた溶液を塗布した後、塗膜を加熱して形成されたものである、絶縁膜。
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KR101810892B1 (ko) * | 2016-09-13 | 2017-12-20 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | 터치 센서 및 이를 포함하는 터치 스크린 패널 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1696478A1 (en) | 2006-08-30 |
TWI380323B (ja) | 2012-12-21 |
WO2005059987A1 (ja) | 2005-06-30 |
EP1696478A4 (en) | 2014-08-27 |
US20060210812A1 (en) | 2006-09-21 |
KR101095746B1 (ko) | 2011-12-21 |
TW200531084A (en) | 2005-09-16 |
JP4737361B2 (ja) | 2011-07-27 |
KR20060127058A (ko) | 2006-12-11 |
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