JP2003531490A - 窒化ケイ素フィルムを形成するための超薄オキシニトリドのｕｖ前処理法 - Google Patents

窒化ケイ素フィルムを形成するための超薄オキシニトリドのｕｖ前処理法

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JP2003531490A
JP2003531490A JP2001577596A JP2001577596A JP2003531490A JP 2003531490 A JP2003531490 A JP 2003531490A JP 2001577596 A JP2001577596 A JP 2001577596A JP 2001577596 A JP2001577596 A JP 2001577596A JP 2003531490 A JP2003531490 A JP 2003531490A
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silicon nitride
nitride film
oxynitride layer
semiconductor substrate
oxynitride
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テイ シング−ピン
レヴィ サギ
ツィ フー ヤオ
ジェルピー ジェフリー
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Mattson Technology Inc
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Abstract

(57)【要約】 半導体基板上に形成されたオキシニトリドまたは酸化物層をＵＶ−励起ガス（例えば塩素または窒素）で前処理し、次の窒化ケイ素の付着のために、層表面の状態を改善し、核成長密度を増加させる。この前処理は、化学蒸着（ＣＶＤ）によりオキシニトリド層上に付着させた薄い窒化ケイ素フィルム（物理的厚さ３６Å以下、または２０Å以下）の表面のざらつきを示す二乗平均平方根を減少させる。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】
【０００１】 発明の属する技術分野 本発明は、全体として、ＵＬＳＩに使用する超薄絶縁フィルムの表面のざらつ
きを最小化する方法に関する。本発明は、特に、化学的蒸着（ＣＶＤ）技術でケ
イ素半導体基板上に窒化ケイ素フィルムを形成するために利用するのが有利であ
る。
【０００２】 発明の背景 酸化金属−半導体−電界効果トランジスター（ＭＯＳＦＥＴ）のチャネル長さ
が短いので、短いチャネルで得られる効果を維持しかつドレインの電流を最大化
するために、ゲートの絶縁厚さを減じなければならない。薄い二酸化ケイ素（Ｓ
ｉＯ２）のスケーリングの基本的な限界は、直接トンネル効果による、大きな漏
れ電流である。ゲート酸化物層はケイ素半導体基板を大体において純粋な酸素雰
囲気下に熱酸化することにより形成されるのが典型的である。しかし、超大規模
集積（ＵＬＳＩ）回路では、ＭＯＳＦＥＴ中のこのようなゲート酸化物層が、不
所望な特性、例えば比較的高い欠陥密度および電荷トラップおよび比較的低い信
頼性およびホットキャリアー効果に対する低い耐性を示すことがある。
【０００３】 ｉｎ ｓｉｔｕでの種々の多層ゲートスタック法は、ゲートの絶縁性を改良す
るために使用されてきた。１つの例は、半導体基板のｉｎ ｓｉｔｕドライ洗浄
とその後の短時間熱処理（ＲＴＰ）を含む。ｉｎ ｓｉｔｕドライ洗浄法は典型
的に以下の３つの工程から成る：（１）ＵＶオゾンの適用（１００Ｔｏｒｒ圧力
）：（２）ＨＦ−メタノール蒸気の適用（１００Ｔｏｒｒ）；および（３）ＵＶ
−塩素の適用（１０Ｔｏｒｒ）。ＵＶ−オゾンおよびＵＶ−Ｃｌ２ドライ洗浄は
、それぞれ、基板表面から、有機物の残留および金属汚染を取り除き、その後の
所望のゲート絶縁層の付着に適した表面を製造する。ＨＦ−メタノール蒸気はＵ
Ｖ−オゾン処理中に形成される任意の表面酸化物を除く。基板表面が清浄になっ
たら、連続したＲＴＰ法を実施し、これは以下の工程から成る：（１）酸化窒素
（ＮＯ）を用いたオキシニトリド層の成長；（２）短時間熱化学蒸着（ＲＴＣＶ
Ｄ）法による窒化ケイ素（ＳｉＮｘ）層の付着；（３）アンモニア（ＮＨ３）環
境での基板とＳｉＮ層との短時間アニール；および（４）Ｎ２Ｏ環境での基板の
短時間アニール。
【０００４】 二酸化ケイ素層上に付着させたＣＶＤ窒化ケイ素フィルムの表面ざらつきは、
窒化物層の物理的厚さが２５Å以下である場合に、不所望に大きい（すなわち、
ざらつきの二乗平均平方根（ＲＭＳ）が約１０Åから更に２０Åまでである）。
公の調査書は、窒化ケイ素の物理的厚さが約２０Åを越えないと、窒化物が核成
長して島状に合体することはないと記載している。H. ResingerおよびA. Spitze
r, "Electrical Breakdown Induced by Silicon Nitride Roughness in Thin Ox
ide-Nitride-Oxide Films" J. Appl. Phys. V. 79, p. 3028(1996); M. Copel e
t. al., "Nucleation of Chemical Vapor Deposited Silicon Nitride on Silic
on Dioxide" Appl. Phys. Lett., V. 74, p. 1830(1999);およびY. Hu. et. al.
,"An In-Situ Real Time Measurement of the Incubation Time for Si Nucleat
ion on SiO２ in a Rapid Thermal Process, "Appl. Phys. Lett., V. 66, p. 7
00(1995)を参照のこと。従って、核成長部が十分だと酸化層上に窒化ケイ素フィ
ルムの成長が起こるということは、薄い窒化物フィルムでは表面に不所望なざら
つきを生じ、不適当なゲート絶縁性を導くということである。
【０００５】 この問題を解決するための１つの好ましい解決法では、低エネルギーイオンビ
ーム（Ｎ＋、Ｈ＋またはＨｅ＋）を用いてオキシニトリド表面を前処理し、核成
長部を増加させる。Y. Hu, et al., "In-situ Surface Pretreatment Effect on
Nucleation and Film Structure of Polysilicon in a RTCVD System," 4th In
t'l Conf. Advanced Thermal Processing of Semiconductors, RTP '96, p. 128
(1996)。より最近では、幾つかの実験において、遠隔プラズマ酸化が超薄酸化物
インターフェースを改良し得ることが示された。Lucovsky, et. al., Appl. Phy
s. Lett. V. 74, p. 2005 (1999)参照。残念なことに、遠隔プラズマ酸化は特別
なプロセス装置を必要とし、操作が複雑である。より多くの核成長部を作り出し
て、薄層窒化ケイ素フィルムの表面のざらつきを抑えるの別の手段が模索されて
いる。
【０００６】 発明の概要 本発明では、ＵＶ−励起ガス（有利には塩素（Ｃｌ２））、窒素（Ｎ２）およ
びＣｌ２とＮ２との混合物を使用して半導体基板表面に形成された酸化物または
オキシニトリドフィルムを前処理し、ＣＶＤによるフッ化物付着のために、より
多くの核成長部を作り出す。この方法において、オキシニトリド層を半導体基板
上に形成した後（有利にはケイ素半導体基板）、オキシニトリド層をＵＶ−励起
ガスで処理する。次いで、このような前処理の後、処理したオキシニトリド層上
に窒化ケイ素フィルムを付着させる。有利には、少なくとも約８００℃の温度で
短時間熱処理することによりオキシニトリド層を形成する。有利には、化学蒸着
（ＣＶＤ）法により、約７００℃〜約８５０℃、最も有利には７００℃〜８００
℃の範囲の温度でかつ約１.５Ｔｏｒｒ〜約３Ｔｏｒｒの範囲、および１：４０
：５０のＳｉＨ４：ＮＨ３：Ａｒ気体流率で、オキシニトリド層上に窒化ケイ素
フィルムを付着させる。
【０００７】 窒化ケイ素フィルムの表面のざらつきが以下のような前処理で実質的に減少す
ることが見出された。１つの例において、２２.６Å厚さの窒化ケイ素層（物理
的厚さ）が未処理の酸化物上に付着される場合、表面のざらつきのＲＭＳは９.
２Åであった。これに対して、２２.５Å厚さの窒化ケイ素層（物理的厚さ）を
、ＵＶ−励起塩素ガスで前処理した酸化物層上に付着すると、表面のざらつきは
ＲＭＳ２.１Åに減少した。この方法は従って付着される層の質を高めた。
【０００８】 ＵＶ−励起ガス前処理工程は、窒素酸化物処理を受けてオキシニトリド層を成
長するために、半導体表面の製造に使用してもよい。核成長部密度を強化し、窒
化ケイ素処理が可能なオキシニトリド表面層を製造するために、窒化ケイ素付着
工程に先立って、本発明の前処理工程を実施する。
【０００９】 本発明の有利な形態の詳細 図１は、半導体基板上の酸化物またはオキシニトリド層上に窒化ケイ素層を形
成するための公知の従来方法を図解した図である。ケイ素半導体基板１２は、そ
の上にオキシニトリド層１４が付着されており、これは半導体基板１２を酸化窒
素（ＮＯ）雰囲気に曝露し、ケイ素表面を酸化することで典型的に実施される。
オキシニトリド厚を測定すると、最終ゲートスタックの偏光および電気的データ
の分析により、たいてい約６Åであった。その後、窒化ケイ素フィルム１６を、
短時間熱化学蒸着（ＣＶＤ）法により、オキシニトリド層上に付着する。オキシ
ニトリド層１４を有する半導体基板１２を、密封チャンバー中で、シラン（Ｓｉ
Ｈ４）、アンモニア（ＮＨ３）およびアルゴン（Ａｒ）から成る混合物へ、約１
.５Ｔｏｒｒの圧力で曝露する。この圧力および気体環境で実施すると、基板は
約８００℃まで加熱される。ＣＶＤ法は、パルス（１秒）から数分まで継続して
よい。典型的な処理時間は５〜６０秒である。オキシニトリド層上に形成された
窒化ケイ素フィルム１６は約３６Åより薄く約２０Åまでの物理的厚さを有する
。ゲートスタックは、約２６Åより薄く約１６Åまでの同等の酸化ケイ素（Ｓｉ
Ｏ２）厚さ（ＥＯＴ）を有する。ゲート絶縁技術の先を見据えると、次世代ＵＬ
ＳＩデバイスには、物理的厚さが２０Å以下の非常に薄い窒化ケイ素フィルムが
必要とされる。
【００１０】 図２は、本発明の方法を図解した図である。ＵＶ−励起ガス前処理工程を、オ
キシニトリド層上に窒化ケイ素フィルムを付着する前に実施する。同じ参照番号
は図１および２で同じ成分を表す。図２に示されるように、ＵＶ−励起ガス２０
を半導体基板１２上のオキシニトリド層１４の表面へ適用する。この前処理工程
を介在させることにより、オキシニトリド層の表面条件が、窒化ケイ素フィルム
を付着する前に改善される。この方法により、窒化ケイ素フィルム１６’の表面
のざらつきが減少し、その後の処理が改善される。この利点が図に示されており
、図２の窒化ケイ素フィルム１６’の上表面の凹凸は、図１の窒化ケイ素フィル
ム１６の凹凸よりも目立たなくなっている。
【００１１】 本発明によれば、オキシニトリド層上に窒化ケイ素を付着する前に、オキシニ
トリド層表面をＵＶ−励起ガスで変性または調整する。好ましい形態において、
前処理はＵＶ−励起Ｃｌ２またはＮ２、またはそれらの気体混合物を用いて実施
される。ＵＶ−励起塩素ガスが特に有利である。ＵＶ−励起ガスを得るのに、広
い波長（２００〜１１００ｎｍ）出力を示す外部キセノンランプからＵＶ−線を
放射する。有利には、キセノンランプからのフォトンエネルギーが６.２〜１.１
ｅＶであり、これは半導体基板の最大結合エネルギーよりも大きい、例えば：Ｓ
ｉ−Ｓｉ＝３.１ｅＶ；Ｓｉ−Ｈ＝３.０ｅＶ；Ｓｉ−Ｃｌ＝３.９ｅＶ；Ｓｉ−
Ｎ＝４.０ｅＶ；Ｓｉ−Ｏ＝４.６ｅＶ。これらの結合はＵＶ照射下に切断できる
が、そのイオン化ポテンシャルが１０ｅＶを大きく上回るのでイオン化されない
。
【００１２】 有利な方法は以下の工程を含む： （１）半導体基板、有利にはケイ素半導体基板の表面を、有機残留物を除くため
にＵＶ−励起オゾンで任意にドライ洗浄し、次いで増加した酸化物を除くために
ＨＦ−メタノール蒸気処理し、次いで金属汚染を除くためにＵＶ−励起塩素を使
用する； （２）半導体基板表面を酸化窒素雰囲気に約０.５〜１００Ｔｏｒｒ、最も有利
には０.５〜１００Ｔｏｒｒの圧力で、８００〜１０００℃の温度で曝露し、オ
キシニトリド層を熱により成長させる； （３）オキシニトリド層をＵＶ−励起ガスへ３０秒から２分まで８０〜１６０℃
の温度で約５Ｔｏｒｒ〜約２０Ｔｏｒｒの圧力で曝露することにより、オキシニ
トリド層をＵＶ−励起ガス、例えばＵＶ−励起塩素または窒素または混合物で前
処理する； （４）オキシニトリド層で被覆された半導体基板を１：２０〜５０：４０〜６０
、有利には１：４０：５０の比率の量のＳｉＨ４：ＮＨ３：Ａｒの雰囲気中、７
００〜８５０℃の範囲の温度および約１.５〜約３Ｔｏｒｒの範囲の圧力で、５
〜３５秒、有利には２０秒放置することから成る化学蒸着法を利用して、前処理
したオキシニトリド層上に窒化ケイ素フィルムを付着させる。
【００１３】 この窒化ケイ素付着法により、オキシニトリド層上に窒化ケイ素フィルムを付
着させる前に前処理工程を実施した場合に、二乗平均平方根（ＲＭＳ）を尺度と
する表面のざらつきが減少する。本発明の付加的な利点は、窒化ケイ素層の厚さ
が増加すれば表面のざらつきも増加するが、本発明の前処理工程なしに付着させ
た層が示すよりも少ない割合となることである。従って、厚い窒化ケイ素フィル
ムであっても（３０Åを越える物理的厚さ）、表面条件の改善が期待される。こ
れにより、本発明は超薄窒化物フィルムを形成する際にその使用を制限されない
。
【００１４】 図３Ａおよび３Ｂは、本発明のＵＶ−励起塩素ガス前処理を実施した場合とし
ない場合で、窒化ケイ素フィルムをオキシニトリド層上に付着して得られる実際
の表面形態を比較した図である。これらの図は、本発明の処理を実施して（図３
Ｂ）またはしないで（図３Ａ）、その上に窒化ケイ素を付着させた実際の半導体
基板の典型的な原子間力顕微鏡（ＡＦＭ）の図である。全ての処理工程は同一の
条件下に実施されるが、図３Ｂのサンプルは、オキシニトリド層上に窒化ケイ素
フィルムを成長させるための化学蒸着処理を行う前に、オキシニトリド層をＵＶ
−励起塩素ガスで６０秒前処理した。図３Ａにおいて、半導体サンプルには２３
.５Åの物理的厚さを有するニトリドフィルムが付着され、表面のざらつきはＲ
ＭＳ２０Åであった。図３Ａから分かるように、多くの高い凸部または不連続性
がニトリドフィルム表面上に現れ、表面がざらついていることを示している。こ
れに対して、図３Ｂでは、付着された窒化ケイ素フィルムは２８.７Åの物理的
厚さを有し、表面のざらつきはＲＭＳ１０Åであった。ＵＶ−励起塩素ガスによ
る前処理は、高い凸部および不連続性の少ない一様な窒化物層ならびにより滑ら
かなフィルム表面を提供する。
【００１５】 本発明の方法と公知の方法とを比較するために実験を行った。これらの実施例
の結果を以下の表１に示す。
【００１６】
【表１】
【００１７】 ＊＊分光偏光解析法 ＊＊＊原子間力顕微鏡法 実施例に示すように、核成長の島状の合体は、より薄い窒化物厚さで起こるべ
きである。ＲＭＳで表されるざらつきは、低圧（０.５Ｔｏｒｒ）でのＮＯオキ
シニトリル化およびＵＶ−Ｃｌ２前処理後に付着させた窒化ケイ素（厚さ＝２２
.５Å）では２.１０Åであったが、標準圧力（１００Ｔｏｒｒ）でのＮＯオキシ
ニトリル化のみを実施した後に付着させた窒化物（フィルム厚さ２２.６Å）で
は９.２Åであった。例ＵＶ−１と例Ｓ−１との比較。
【００１８】 図４は、表１の結果を図解したものであり、ＣＶＤで付着されたＳｉＮｘフィ
ルムの総フィルム厚さに対するざらつきをプロットしたものである。オキシニト
リド層のＵＶ−処理は、ＣＶＤ−付着窒化物のざらつきを著しく低下させる。
【００１９】 本発明に関する上述の記載は、有利な形態を図解および記述したものである。
しかしながら、本発明は様々な別の組合せ、修飾および環境を用いて実施でき、
ここに記載した本発明の概要の範囲内であれば変化または修飾することが可能で
ある。記載はここに開示した発明に限定するものではない。当業者に明かな別の
態様は請求した請求項の範囲に含まれるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 図１は、前処理工程なしにオキシニトリド層上に直接窒化ケイ素フィルムを適
用する、従来法を示す図である。
【図２】 図２は、窒化ケイ素フィルムを適応する前にＵＶ−励起ガスでオキシニトリド
を処理して、より多くの核成長部をもたらし、表面のざらつきを減じさせる、本
発明の方法を示す図である。
【図３】 図３Ａおよび図３Ｂは、オキシニトリド層をＵＶ−励起塩素ガスで前処理した
（図３Ｂ）およびしない（図３Ａ）ＣＶＤ−付着窒化ケイ素フィルムの表面を形
態学的に示す図である。
【図４】 ＵＶ−前処理を実施するおよびしない方法でのフィルムのざらつきを示すグラ
フである。
【符号の説明】
１２ ケイ素半導体基板 １４ オキシニトリド層 １６ 窒化ケイ素フィルム １６’ 窒化ケイ素フィルム
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 ヤオ ツィ フー アメリカ合衆国 カリフォルニア サンノ ゼ レディ− パーム コート 2576 (72)発明者 ジェフリー ジェルピー アメリカ合衆国 マサチューセッツ ピー ボディー ピー オー ボックス 3482 Ｆターム(参考） 4K030 AA06 AA13 BA40 CA04 DA02 DA03 FA10 HA04 JA01 JA09 JA10 LA15 5F058 BA06 BD10 BD15 BE10 BF04 BF23 BF30 BF37 BJ01

Claims (21)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 【請求項１】 塩素および窒素ならびにその混合物から成る群より選択され
    るＵＶ励起ガスにより、半導体基板上に形成されたオキシニトリドの薄層を処理
    し、処理したオキシニトリド層の上に窒化ケイ素のフィルムを付着させることか
    ら成る、半導体基板の表面に窒化ケイ素フィルムを形成する方法。
  2. 【請求項２】 オキシニトリドの薄層が６Å〜１０Åの物理的厚さを有する
    ことを特徴とする、請求項１に記載の方法。
  3. 【請求項３】 ＵＶ励起ガスを５〜２０Ｔｏｒｒの圧力および８０℃を上回
    る温度で導入することを特徴とする、請求項１に記載の方法。
  4. 【請求項４】 オキシニトリド層を処理するために、ＵＶ励起ガスを、少な
    くとも３０秒適用することを特徴とする、請求項１に記載の方法。
  5. 【請求項５】 窒化ケイ素フィルムが３０Å以下の物理的厚さを有すること
    を特徴とする、請求項１に記載の方法。
  6. 【請求項６】 窒化ケイ素フィルムが２０Å〜３６Åの範囲の物理的厚さを
    有することを特徴とする、請求項１に記載の方法。
  7. 【請求項７】 少なくとも８００℃の温度での短時間熱処理により、ケイ素
    半導体基板上にオキシニトリド層を形成することを特徴とする、請求項２に記載
    の方法。
  8. 【請求項８】 ７００〜８５０℃の温度範囲で化学蒸着することにより窒化
    ケイ素フィルムを付着することを特徴とする、請求項５に記載の方法。
  9. 【請求項９】 化学蒸着を、１.５〜３.０Ｔｏｒｒの圧力で、１：４０：５
    ０のＳｉＨ４：ＮＨ３：Ａｒ気体流率により実施することを特徴とする、請求項
    ８に記載の方法。
  10. 【請求項１０】 ＵＶ−励起ガスが塩素であることを特徴とする、請求項１
    に記載の方法。
  11. 【請求項１１】 処理したオキシニトリド層の上に窒化ケイ素のフィルムを
    付着する前に、塩素、窒素およびそれらの混合物から成る群より選択されるＵＶ
    −励起ガスを用いて半導体基板上に形成されたオキシニトリド層を処理すること
    から成る、半導体基板上に形成された窒化ケイ素フィルムの、二乗平均平方根（
    ＲＭＳ）で表される表面のざらつきを減じる方法。
  12. 【請求項１２】 オキシニトリド層が６Å〜１０Åの物理的厚さを有するこ
    とを特徴とする、請求項１１に記載の方法。
  13. 【請求項１３】 ＵＶ励起ガスを５〜２０Ｔｏｒｒの圧力および８０℃を上
    回る温度で導入することを特徴とする、請求項１１に記載の方法。
  14. 【請求項１４】 オキシニトリド層を処理するためにＵＶ励起ガスを少なく
    とも３０秒適用することを特徴とする、請求項１１に記載の方法。
  15. 【請求項１５】 窒化ケイ素フィルムが３０Å以下の物理的厚さを有するこ
    とを特徴とする、請求項１１に記載の方法。
  16. 【請求項１６】 窒化ケイ素フィルムが２０〜３６Åの物理的厚さを有する
    ことを特徴とする、請求項１５に記載の方法。
  17. 【請求項１７】 二乗平均平方根で表される窒化ケイ素フィルムの表面のざ
    らつきが５Åを下回ることを特徴とする、請求項１１に記載の方法。
  18. 【請求項１８】 少なくとも８００℃の温度で、短時間熱処理により、ケイ
    素の半導体基板上にオキシニトリド層を形成することを特徴とする、請求項１１
    に記載の方法。
  19. 【請求項１９】 ７００〜８５０℃の範囲の温度で化学蒸着により、窒化ケ
    イ素フィルムを付着させることを特徴とする、請求項１１に記載の方法。
  20. 【請求項２０】 化学蒸着を、１.５〜３.０Ｔｏｒｒの圧力で、１：４０：
    ５０のＳｉＨ４：ＮＨ３：Ａｒ気体流率により実施することを特徴とする、請求
    項１８に記載の方法。
  21. 【請求項２１】 ＵＶ励起ガスが塩素であることを特徴とする、請求項１１
    に記載の方法。
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US6451713B1 (en) 2002-09-17
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