JP2003007755A - 下部バンプ金属のためのバリアキャップ - Google Patents
下部バンプ金属のためのバリアキャップInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003007755A JP2003007755A JP2002165939A JP2002165939A JP2003007755A JP 2003007755 A JP2003007755 A JP 2003007755A JP 2002165939 A JP2002165939 A JP 2002165939A JP 2002165939 A JP2002165939 A JP 2002165939A JP 2003007755 A JP2003007755 A JP 2003007755A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- solder
- metal
- forming
- photoresist
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000756 V alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 30
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001174 tin-lead alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Pb] LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000597 tin-copper alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aspirin Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCEUXSAXTBNJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].[Sn] Chemical compound [Ag].[Sn] QCEUXSAXTBNJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXDVEXJTVGRLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Cu] Chemical compound [Cr].[Cu] GXDVEXJTVGRLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQIJHIWFHSVPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Ag].[Sn] Chemical compound [Cu].[Ag].[Sn] PQIJHIWFHSVPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- JWVAUCBYEDDGAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Bi] JWVAUCBYEDDGAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010405 reoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000969 tin-silver-copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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Abstract
リア層を改善する。 【解決手段】 金属接合パッド4が設けられた半導体ウ
エハ上での半田バンプの製造方法は、(a)金属の接着
/バリア/電気メッキのバス層8を少なくとも接合パッ
ドの上に形成する工程と、(b)レジスト層10を、接
合パッド4の上に開口を規定する所定パターンに形成す
る工程と、(c)半田濡れ性の層12を開口の中に形成
する工程と、(d)開口領域からレジストの一部を除去
して、半田濡れ性の金属層12のエッジとレジスト10
との間に隙間を形成する工程と、(e)工程(d)で形
成された隙間を含めて半田濡れ性の金属層12の上に、
半田濡れ性の金属層を封止するバリア金属層を形成する
工程と、(f)バリア金属層の上に半田バンプを組み上
げる工程と、(g)レジスト材料を除去する工程と、
(h)露出した接着/バリア層を除去する工程とを備え
る。
Description
合された集積回路で使用される半田バンプ(solder bum
p)組立ての際にバリア(barrier)として用いられ、下部
バンプ金属に金属製キャップを形成するための方法に関
する。
路上に形成され、続いて基板上にフェイスダウンで組み
立てられる複数の半田バンプ相互接続を介して、半導体
チップを基板に取り付けることは知られている。電気接
点を設けるのと同様に、半田バンプは、チップと基板と
の間の機械的および熱的な接続を形成する。半田の組成
は、通常、錫(tin)合金を基本としており、最も一般的
には錫−鉛合金(lead-tin)である。
上に形成される。より詳しくは、半導体ウエハは、典型
的にはアルミニウムからなる金属製パッドを含み、この
上に薄い中間のクロム(chromium)層および銅(copper)層
が形成され、その上に比較的厚い銅層が下部バンプ金属
(UBM)層として電気メッキによって形成される。半
田は、この銅UBM層の上に形成される。5〜8μmの
厚さを有する電気メッキされた銅UBM層は、通常、フ
リップチップ応用の錫−鉛半田バンプの組立ての際に使
用される。銅UBM層は、リフロー時に付着する半田の
ための土台を提供し、半田とICの接合パッドとの間の
バリア層の機能を果たし、半導体チップへの半田の内部
拡散を防止する。
半田の融点で、一般に、錫−銅(tin-copper)合金が形成
される。これは、信頼性のある機械的ジョイントには必
要であるが、脆くなって、特に層があまりにも厚い場合
はひびが入る傾向がある。それ故、合金層の厚さを制限
することが望ましく、このことは多重リフローサイクル
後、あるいはもしバンプが半田の融点近くに延長時間に
渡って維持された後で、だんだんと重要になる。合金層
の急速な形成は、錫−鉛共晶(eutectic)半田の場合、合
金の63重量%を構成する錫に対する銅の溶解レート特
性に主に起因している。この問題は、3%または5%の
錫組成を有する高濃度鉛バンプの場合については重要で
はないが、錫含量の増加とともにより厳しくなる。バリ
ア材料として使用するために種々の材料が検討されてい
る。
晶半田リフロー温度250℃にて)溶解することから、
厚い錫−銅(Sn6Cu5)合金層の形成に対するバリ
アとして使用するのに特に魅力的である。パラジウムも
また魅力的であるが、その高いコストのため少し見劣り
がする。
ショナルビジネスマシーン社に譲渡された米国特許59
37320号に開示されており、ニッケルを有するバリ
ア層が電気メッキによってUBM層に形成され、これは
ボール限定(ball-limiting)の冶金学と称される。この
方法は、薄いニッケル層の下にある銅UBM層をオーバ
ーエッチングして、半田と銅UBM層の露出面との間の
接触を防止することに関係するものであり、このこと
は、もし半田との接触が残る場合、銅を浸出させて、厚
い合金の錫−銅層を形成させることになろう。このバリ
ア層は、半田の中での銅の溶解を低減するのに有効であ
るが、開示された組立て技術およびその結果としての構
造は信頼性の問題を抱えることになり、特にバリアのエ
ッジ領域では銅は依然として合金を形成することが可能
である。
めの改善された技術に関係するものである。
ば、金属接合パッドが設けられた半導体ウエハ上での半
田バンプの製造方法であって、(a)金属メッキバス層
を、少なくとも前記接合パッドの上に形成する工程と、
(b)レジスト層を、前記接合パッドの上に開口を規定
する所定パターンに形成する工程と、(c)半田濡れ性
の金属層を、メッキバス層上の前記開口の中に形成する
工程と、(d)開口領域からレジストの一部を除去し
て、半田濡れ性の金属層のエッジとレジストとの間に隙
間を形成する工程と、(e)工程(d)で形成された前
記隙間を含めて半田濡れ性の金属層の上に、半田濡れ性
の金属層を封止するバリア金属層を形成する工程と、
(f)バリア金属層の上に半田バンプを組み上げる工程
と、(g)レジスト材料を除去する工程と、(h)露出
した金属メッキバス層を除去する工程と、を備える製造
方法が提供される。
易に形成され、追加の中間マスキング作成工程を必要と
しない。
るが、パラジウムでもよい。このバリアキャップは、
0.5〜10μmの厚さ、より好ましくは1〜3μmの
厚さに形成してもよい。
プラズマエッチングなどのプラズマエッチングによって
除去される。イオンビームエッチングまたは反応性イオ
ンエッチングなどの他のエッチング技術も利用可能であ
る。
化学的手段によって除去される。レジストが、一般に使
用されるようなフォトレジストである場合、化学的手段
は、所望の隙間を形成するために使用される既存レジス
トのオーバー現像(over-development)を伴う現像剤でも
よい。
くは銅である。金属メッキバス層は、好ましくはクロム
または銅−クロム合金から成り、これらは下部バンプ金
属の接着および信頼性を増強する。この下部バンプ金属
は、好ましくは1〜10μmの厚さ、より好ましくは5
〜6μmの厚さである。
が行われる金属接合パッドと、接合パッドの上に開口を
有するパッシベーション層とが設けられた半導体ウエハ
上での半田バンプ相互接続の製造方法であって、(a)
Cr,Cr:Cu合金,Ti,Ti:W合金,Ni:V
合金,Cu,NiおよびAuまたはこれらの合金からな
る群から選択される金属の1層または複数層を形成する
工程と、(b)フォトレジスト層を形成し、所望パター
ンで露光し、現像してフォトレジストを除去し、前記接
合パッド上に所望パターンの開口を残す工程と、(c)
前記開口の中に銅層を形成する工程と、(d)酸素プラ
ズマエッチングを用いて、少なくとも開口周辺から余分
なレジストを除去し、銅層のエッジと残留したフォトレ
ジストとの間に隙間を形成する工程と、(e)層の側部
を含めて銅層の上にキャップを形成するようにニッケル
層を形成する工程と、(f)ニッケル層の上に半田バン
プを組み上げる工程と、(g)フォトレジストを除去す
る工程と、(h)工程(a)で形成された1層または複
数層を、半田バンプの下地となる部分以外についてウエ
ハから除去する工程と、(i)ウエハを加熱して、半田
バンプのリフローを生じさせる工程と、を備える製造方
法を提供する。
接続が行われる金属接合パッドと、接合パッドの上に開
口を有するパッシベーション層とが設けられた半導体ウ
エハ上での半田バンプ相互接続の製造方法であって、
(a)Cr,Cr:Cu合金,Ti,Ti:W合金,N
i:V合金,Cu,NiおよびAuまたはこれらの合金
からなる群から選択される金属の1層または複数層を形
成する工程と、(b)フォトレジスト層を形成し、所望
パターンで露光し、現像してフォトレジストを除去し、
前記接合パッド上に所望パターンの開口を残す工程と、
(c)前記開口の中に銅層を形成する工程と、(d)露
光されたフォトレジストを更に現像することによって、
少なくとも開口周辺から余分なレジストを除去し、銅層
のエッジと残留したフォトレジストとの間に隙間を形成
する工程と、(e)層の側部を含めて銅層の上にキャッ
プを形成するようにニッケル層を形成する工程と、
(f)ニッケル層の上に半田バンプを組み上げる工程
と、(g)フォトレジストを除去する工程と、(h)工
程(a)で形成された1層または複数層を、半田バンプ
の下地となる部分以外についてウエハから除去する工程
と、(i)ウエハを加熱して、半田バンプのリフローを
生じさせる工程と、を備える製造方法を提供する。
半田バンプを有するウエハであって、選択された位置に
金属接合パッドが設けられた半導体基板と、接合パッド
の上にある1層または複数層の金属電気メッキバス層
と、バス層の上にある半田濡れ性の金属層と、半田濡れ
性金属を覆って封止するバリア金属層と、前記バリア金
属の上に形成された半田バンプとを備えるウエハを提供
する。
図面を参照しながら説明する。
んだ半田バンプの製造について、図1(a)〜(e)と
図2(f)〜(j)を参照しながら説明する。図1
(a)は、典型的にはシリコンである半導体ウエハ2を
示すが、先行技術でよく知られたような他の従来の半導
体材料でも構わない。この上に、ウエハの能動領域と電
気接触を行うためのアルミニウム(Al)からなる金属
接合パッド4が形成される。Alは最も一般的な材料で
あるが、他の金属、例えばSiまたはCuがドープされ
たAl、純粋のCu、あるいは先行技術でよく知られた
ような他の各種材料などを接合パッドとして用いても構
わない。パッシベーション層6は、接合パッド4の上で
露出した領域を残すように、ウエハ2の上に形成され
る。
2は、真空下で実行されるバックスパッタ(back-sputte
r)によって清浄化され、接合パッド4の上に自然形成さ
れた酸化層を除去する。図1(b)に示すように、接着
/バリア/電気メッキのバス層(複数層も可)8がスパ
ッタ成長によって形成される。層8は、Cr,Cr/C
u合金,Ti,Ti/W合金,Ni/V合金,Cu,N
iおよびAuのうちの1つ又は複数で形成してもよい。
好ましい構造は、Crからなる第1層と、第1層を覆う
Cuからなる第2層とを有する。第1層は、後続層の接
合パッドに対する接着を増加させること、接合パッドの
再酸化を防止すること、半田に対するバリア拡散層を形
成することなどを含む多くの機能を果たす。第2のCu
層は、任意のものであるが、下部バンプ金属のための種
層を形成し、半田濡れ性の接点メッキ(電気バス)層を
も提供する。
なるように、スピンコーティングあるいは液体レジスト
の一回スピンまたは多重回スピンによってウエハ上にパ
ターン化されたフォトレジストの厚い層10を示す。そ
の代わりにドライフィルムをその上に直接積層して、1
00〜150μmの層厚としてもよい。このフォトレジ
スト層は、バンプ形成領域を規定するように適切な位置
に配置された開口を有するフォトマスクを通して紫外光
で選択的に露光することによってパターン化され、露光
されたフォトレジストを現像して所望パターンのフォト
レジストを形成する。
的なパラメータには、初期のウエハクリーニングと、こ
れに続く120℃、30分間の脱水ベーキングがある。
そしてウエハは室温まで冷却され、20分間放置され
る。クラリアント(Clariant)社AZ4903からなる第
1のフォトレジスト層は、800rpm、30秒間のス
ピンコーティングによって塗布され、これに続いて室温
で20分間放置される。第1のプリベーキングは、ホッ
トプレートの上で110℃、3.5分間行われ、そして
ウエハは室温まで冷却され、20分間放置される。クラ
リアントAZ4903からなる第2のコーティングは、
800rpm、30秒間のスピンコーティングによって
塗布され、これに続いて室温で20分間放置される。第
2のプリベーキングは、ホットプレートの上で110
℃、6.5分間行われる。熱いウエハは室温まで冷却さ
れ、30分間放置される。そしてコートされたウエハ
は、紫外(UV)光に15MW/cm2、120秒間露
光される。露光されたフォトレジストは、AZ400K
現像剤を用いて現像され、ウエハは、脱イオン化された
水による1:4希釈液の中に2.5分間、これに続いて
脱イオン化された水による1:2希釈液の中に1分間、
浸漬され、優しく撹拌される。現像されたウエハは、ホ
ットプレートの上で80℃、10分間のハードベーキン
グが行われる。最後のかす取り(descum)は酸素プラズマ
中で50℃、0.7分間行われる。
て、好ましくは電気メッキによって、半田バンプに対し
て濡れ性の土台を形成し、下部バンプ金属(UBM)と
称されるCuからなる層12が形成される。
〜6μmの厚さのものになる。典型的なメッキパラメー
タには、例えばシプレー・ローナル(Shipley Ronal)社
のカプロナル(Cupronal)BPなどのメッキ溶液を用いた
噴流メッキ技術があり、銅:リン陽極、メッキ浴温度2
5℃、電流密度7ASD(A/dm2)、メッキ時間1
0分の条件を伴う。当業者が理解するように、他の各種
メッキ技術、パラメータ、溶液が採用可能であると理解
されよう。
純粋のニッケルUBMは厳しいストレス蓄積を生じさ
せ、極めて硬いため、あまり好ましくない。
プ形成技術の代わりに、コートされたウエハは、UBM
12に接するフォトレジスト10のエッジ領域を除去し
て、後工程でのUBMを封止するバリアキャップ14の
成長を行うための手順に入る。フォトレジスト10を適
切に除去する場合、多くの技術が特に有効であり、特に
プラズマエッチングやオーバー現像のプロセスがある。
は酸素からなるガス状プラズマを用いて、フォトレジス
トを露出表面に沿って剥がすものであり、これによって
開口中の厚さおよび横方向の両方を除去して、UBM1
2のエッジとフォトレジストの側壁との間の隙間を形成
する。エッチングの前に、軽いプリベーキングが110
℃、約1分間行われる。プラズマエッチングは、50℃
で3.5分間、酸素フローレート500CCM(cm3
/分)、RFパワー13.56kHzで400Wという
条件が、約1μmの適切なエッジ開口を形成するのに充
分である。プラズマエッチングは、フォトレジストの側
壁を均等に侵食しないで、軽い凹面形状になることが判
っている。
ウエハは、意図的なフォトレジストのオーバー現像に入
る。上述のUBM層メッキより先行した、露光されたフ
ォトレジストの最初の現像において、プロセスパラメー
タは、はっきりと確定しパターン化された所望寸法のレ
ジストの形成を許容するように選択される。しかしなが
ら、開口を規定する領域では、フォトレジストのUV露
光は、露光領域と非露光領域との間で精密に確定した境
界を有さず、そして更なる現像に対して敏感となるある
量のUV露光に曝される遷移領域が存在する。オーバー
現像のパラメータは、フォトレジストが開口部で意図的
に更に侵食されて、UBM12と開口を規定するフォト
レジストのエッジとの間での所望の空隙を形成するよう
に選択される。しかしながら、開口から離れた部分での
バルク状フォトレジストの化学的侵食も存在するため、
非露光領域でのフォトレジストの厚さは減少する。適切
な現像剤タイプは、クラリアント社AZ400Kまたは
AZ421Kで、室温、オーバー現像時間5分とする。
これによってUBM12とフォトレジストのエッジとの
間に典型的には約3μmの空隙を生じさせる。
して、例えばイオンビームエッチングおよび反応性イオ
ンエッチングを用いることができ、これらは開口部と同
様にレジスト表面に沿ってフォトレジストの除去を行
う。反応性ガスとしてCCl4を用いた反応性エッチン
グは、フォトレジスト除去の際に有効であることが判っ
ている。サンプルの適切な傾斜および傾斜方向での回転
によって、フォトレジスト側壁のエッチングを促進し
て、UBM12とフォトレジスト側壁との間に所望の空
隙の形成を容易にする。
例として下記参考文献でより完全に記述されている。
P. R. Hanley, "Introduction to Reactive Ion Beam E
tching", Solid State Technology, February 1981, p
p.121-127. 2.L. D. Bollinger, "Ion Beam Etching with Reacti
ve Gases", Solid State Technolgy, January 1983, p
p.65-72. 3.J. D. Chinn, I. Adeisa, and E. D. Wolf, "Profi
le Formation in CAIBE", Solid State Technology, Ma
y 1984, pp.123-130. 4.L. D. Bollinger, S. Lida, and O. Matsumoto, "R
eactive Ion Etching:Its Basis and Future", Solid S
tate Technolgy, May 1984, pp.111-117. 5.J. P. Ducommun, M. Cantagrel, and M. Moulin, "
Evolution of Well-Defined Surface Contour Submitte
d to Ion Bombardment: Computer Simulationand Exper
imental Investigation", Journal of Material Scienc
e, Volume 10,1975, pp.52-62.
ッジとフォトレジストとの間に隙間を有し、結果として
得られたコートされたウエハに対して、図2(f)に示
すように、バリア金属層14が形成される。
0.5μmと10μmの間、より好ましくは1〜3μm
の厚さに成膜される。これは最も好都合には電気メッキ
によって形成される。典型的なプロセスパラメータに
は、シプレー・ローナル社のNikalPC−3などの
メッキ溶液があり、急速撹拌器を備えた噴流メッキ技術
を用いており、さらにニッケル陽極、メッキ浴温度50
℃、メッキ電流密度2ASD(A/dm2)、メッキ時
間7分である。しかし、こうしたパラメータは、所望の
厚さのニッケル層を形成するのに必要なように変化させ
てもよいと理解されるであろう。その代わりに、他のメ
ッキ技術を用いてもよい。図2(f)で示すように、ニ
ッケルキャップ14はUBM12のエッジ領域を含むよ
うにUBM12を封止する。
てパラジウムを代わりに使用できる。パラジウムのメッ
キは、多くの可能な独自開発のパラジウムメッキ溶液の
うちの1つの使用を必要とする。
たUBMを備えたコートされたウエハには、図2(g)
で示すように、半田バンプ16が設けられる。半田バン
プ16は各種の組成で構成できる。錫−鉛合金は最も広
く採用され、特に共晶錫−鉛合金はますます使用される
が、他の半田組成も使用される。出願人による係属中の
米国特許出願09/552,560で説明した鉛フリー
半田などの組成を用いてもよく、これは、純粋の錫、錫
−銅合金、錫−銀合金、錫−ビスマス合金、錫−銀−銅
合金などがあり、これらは実質的な割合の錫を含有す
る。半田バンプ16は、スクリーン印刷や半田ボール配
置などの各種技術によって形成してもよいが、電気メッ
キが最も一般的な技術である。共晶錫−鉛合金の電気メ
ッキについてはよく文書化されている。出願人の米国特
許出願09/552,560で言及した鉛フリー半田の
電気メッキについてはその中に説明されており、その内
容は参照番号によって組み込まれる。半田バンプ16
は、UBM12と半田バンプ16との間にバリアを形成
するためのニッケル又はパラジウムのキャップ14だけ
に対して付着する。
すように、フォトレジスト10が除去される。これは先
行技術で周知の剥離液を用いた化学的技術で達成され
る。これに続いて、露出したスパッタ形成の接着/バリ
ア/電気のバス層(複数層も可)8が、周知の化学的ま
たは電気化学的なバックエッチング技術によってウエハ
表面から除去される。
バンプ16へフラックスを塗布し、そしてオーブン中で
半田融点を超える温度まで加熱して半田バンプのリフロ
ーを行い、続いて図2(j)で示すように、リフローさ
れた半田バンプ16’において凝固した球状に整形す
る。図から判るように、リフローはニッケルキャップ1
4の側面を覆うように生ずるが、半田バンプはキャップ
14によってUBM12から分離した状態になる。
ンプ16をSEM,オージェ,EDXスキャンによって
解析した結果は、ニッケルキャップ14が錫−銅合金の
急速かつ不均一な形成を著しく制限していることを示
し、そして銅はニッケルキャップ14下で有効に拘束さ
れ、錫はニッケルキャップ14上で半田バンプに閉じ込
めるという鋭い組成区分を示している。
部バンプ金属を覆って、下部バンプ金属と半田との合金
形成を防止するバリア金属キャップを容易に形成でき
る。
シベーション層が形成された半導体ウエハの部分断面図
であり、図1(b)は成膜したCrおよびCuの層を有
する図1(a)のウエハを示し、図1(c)はパターン
形成されたフォトレジストを示し、図1(d)は電気メ
ッキで形成された下部バンプ金属を示し、図1(e)は
フォトレジスト内でのエッジ開口の形成を示す。
2(g)は半田の形成を示し、図2(h)はフォトレジ
ストの除去を示し、図2(i)はCrおよびCuの層の
除去を示し、図2(j)はリフローされた半田バンプを
示す。
Claims (25)
- 【請求項1】 金属接合パッドが設けられた半導体ウエ
ハ上での半田バンプの製造方法であって、 (a)金属メッキバス層を、少なくとも前記接合パッド
の上に形成する工程と、 (b)レジスト層を、前記接合パッドの上に開口を規定
する所定パターンに形成する工程と、 (c)半田濡れ性の金属層を、メッキバス層上の前記開
口の中に形成する工程と、 (d)開口領域からレジストの一部を除去して、半田濡
れ性の金属層のエッジとレジストとの間に隙間を形成す
る工程と、 (e)工程(d)で形成された前記隙間を含めて半田濡
れ性の金属層の上に、半田濡れ性の金属層を封止するバ
リア金属層を形成する工程と、 (f)バリア金属層の上に半田バンプを組み上げる工程
と、 (g)レジスト材料を除去する工程と、 (h)露出した金属メッキバス層を除去する工程と、を
備える製造方法。 - 【請求項2】 工程(d)において、レジストはプラズ
マエッチングプロセスによって除去するようにした請求
項1記載の方法。 - 【請求項3】 プラズマエッチングプロセスは、酸素プ
ラズマエッチングプロセスである請求項2記載の方法。 - 【請求項4】 工程(d)において、レジストはイオン
ビームエッチングプロセスによって除去するようにした
請求項1記載の方法。 - 【請求項5】 工程(d)において、レジストは反応性
イオンエッチングプロセスによって除去するようにした
請求項1記載の方法。 - 【請求項6】 工程(d)において、レジストは化学的
手段によって除去するようにした請求項1記載の方法。 - 【請求項7】 レジストはフォトレジストであり、化学
的手段は現像剤を含むようにした請求項6記載の方法。 - 【請求項8】 半田濡れ性の金属層は、銅からなる請求
項1〜7のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 【請求項9】 バリア金属層は、ニッケルからなる請求
項1〜8のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 【請求項10】 バリア金属層は、パラジウムからなる
請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 【請求項11】 バリア層は、0.5〜10μmの範囲
の厚さを有する請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の方
法。 - 【請求項12】 バリア層は、1〜3μmの範囲の厚さ
を有する請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 【請求項13】 半田は、純粋の錫、または錫を含有す
る合金で形成される請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の
方法。 - 【請求項14】 工程(a)で形成されるメッキバス層
は、Cr,Cr:Cu合金,Ti,Ti:W合金,N
i:V合金,Cu,NiおよびAuからなる群から選択
される金属の1層または複数層である請求項1〜13の
いずれかに記載の方法。 - 【請求項15】 メッキバス層は、Crからなる第1層
と、Cuからなる第2層とを有する請求項14記載の方
法。 - 【請求項16】 銅層は、1〜10μmの範囲の厚さで
ある請求項8記載の方法。 - 【請求項17】 銅層は、5〜6μmの範囲の厚さであ
る請求項8記載の方法。 - 【請求項18】 工程(f)の後、組み上げた半田バン
プを有するウエハは、実質的に球状を形成する半田バン
プのリフローを行うように加熱するようにした請求項1
記載の方法。 - 【請求項19】 電気接続が行われる金属接合パッド
と、接合パッドの上に開口を有するパッシベーション層
とが設けられた半導体ウエハ上での半田バンプ相互接続
の製造方法であって、 (a)Cr,Cr:Cu合金,Ti,Ti:W合金,N
i:V合金,Cu,NiおよびAuまたはこれらの合金
からなる群から選択される金属の1層または複数層を形
成する工程と、 (b)フォトレジスト層を形成し、所望パターンで露光
し、現像してフォトレジストを除去し、前記接合パッド
上に所望パターンの開口を残す工程と、 (c)前記開口の中に銅層を形成する工程と、 (d)酸素プラズマエッチングを用いて、少なくとも開
口周辺から余分なレジストを除去し、銅層のエッジと残
留したフォトレジストとの間に隙間を形成する工程と、 (e)層の側部を含めて銅層の上にキャップを形成する
ようにニッケル層を形成する工程と、 (f)ニッケル層の上に半田バンプを組み上げる工程
と、 (g)フォトレジストを除去する工程と、 (h)工程(a)で形成された1層または複数層を、半
田バンプの下地となる部分以外についてウエハから除去
する工程と、 (i)ウエハを加熱して、半田バンプのリフローを生じ
させる工程と、を備える製造方法。 - 【請求項20】 電気接続が行われる金属接合パッド
と、接合パッドの上に開口を有するパッシベーション層
とが設けられた半導体ウエハ上での半田バンプ相互接続
の製造方法であって、 (a)Cr,Cr:Cu合金,Ti,Ti:W合金,N
i:V合金,Cu,NiおよびAuまたはこれらの合金
からなる群から選択される金属の1層または複数層を形
成する工程と、 (b)フォトレジスト層を形成し、所望パターンで露光
し、現像してフォトレジストを除去し、前記接合パッド
上に所望パターンの開口を残す工程と、 (c)前記開口の中に銅層を形成する工程と、 (d)露光されたフォトレジストを更に現像することに
よって、少なくとも開口周辺から余分なレジストを除去
し、銅層のエッジと残留したフォトレジストとの間に隙
間を形成する工程と、 (e)層の側部を含めて銅層の上にキャップを形成する
ようにニッケル層を形成する工程と、 (f)ニッケル層の上に半田バンプを組み上げる工程
と、 (g)フォトレジストを除去する工程と、 (h)工程(a)で形成された1層または複数層を、半
田バンプの下地となる部分以外についてウエハから除去
する工程と、 (i)ウエハを加熱して、半田バンプのリフローを生じ
させる工程と、を備える製造方法。 - 【請求項21】 請求項1の方法に従って形成された半
田バンプを有するウエハ。 - 【請求項22】 請求項19の方法に従って形成された
半田バンプを有するウエハ。 - 【請求項23】 請求項20の方法に従って形成された
半田バンプを有するウエハ。 - 【請求項24】 選択された位置に金属接合パッドが設
けられた半導体基板と、 接合パッドの上にある1層または複数層の金属電気メッ
キバス層と、 バス層の上にある半田濡れ性の金属層と、 半田濡れ性金属を覆って封止するバリア金属層と、 前記バリア金属の上に形成された半田バンプとを備え
る、半田バンプを有するウエハ。 - 【請求項25】 バリア金属は、ニッケルからなる請求
項24のウエハ。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/878,271 US6413851B1 (en) | 2001-06-12 | 2001-06-12 | Method of fabrication of barrier cap for under bump metal |
US09/878271 | 2001-06-12 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2003007755A true JP2003007755A (ja) | 2003-01-10 |
JP2003007755A5 JP2003007755A5 (ja) | 2005-10-06 |
Family
ID=25371700
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002165939A Pending JP2003007755A (ja) | 2001-06-12 | 2002-06-06 | 下部バンプ金属のためのバリアキャップ |
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Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6413851B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1267398A3 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2003007755A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1261979C (ja) |
TW (1) | TW531873B (ja) |
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2002
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- 2002-05-28 US US10/154,931 patent/US6501185B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-06 JP JP2002165939A patent/JP2003007755A/ja active Pending
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US6501185B1 (en) | 2002-12-31 |
EP1267398A2 (en) | 2002-12-18 |
CN1391261A (zh) | 2003-01-15 |
EP1267398A3 (en) | 2003-07-02 |
US20020185733A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
TW531873B (en) | 2003-05-11 |
US6413851B1 (en) | 2002-07-02 |
CN1261979C (zh) | 2006-06-28 |
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