HRP20020349A2 - Tyrosine kinase inhibitors - Google Patents
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors Download PDFInfo
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- HRP20020349A2 HRP20020349A2 HR20020349A HRP20020349A HRP20020349A2 HR P20020349 A2 HRP20020349 A2 HR P20020349A2 HR 20020349 A HR20020349 A HR 20020349A HR P20020349 A HRP20020349 A HR P20020349A HR P20020349 A2 HRP20020349 A2 HR P20020349A2
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- Croatia
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- indol
- compound
- cycloalkyl
- alkynyl
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Description
Srodne prijave
Ova patentna prijava zahtjeva prioritet po 35 U.S.C. § 119 (e) od US privremene Prijave 60/160,356 podnesene 19. listopada 1999
Pozadina izuma
Predmetni izum odnosi se na spojeve koji inhibiraju, reguliraju i/ili moduliraju transdukciju signala tirozin kinaze, sastave koji sadrže ove spojeve, te metode njihovog korištenja u liječenju bolesti i stanja ovisnih o tirozin kinazi, kao što su angiogeneza, rak, rast tumora, arteroskleroza, makularna degeneracija, dijabetička retinopatija, upalne bolesti i slično u sisavaca.
Tirozin kinaze su klasa enzima koji kataliziraju transfer terminalnog fosfata iz adenozin trifosfata u ostatke tirozina u proteinskim supstratima. Vjeruje se da tirozin kinaze, preko fosforilacije supstrata, igraju kritičnu ulogu u transdukciji nekih staničnih funkcija. Iako točan mehanizam transdukcije signala još nije jasan, tirozin kinaze su se pokazale važnim faktorom stanične proliferacije, karcinogeneze i diferencijacije stanica.
Tirozin kinaze mogu se kategorizirati kao receptorski ili ne-receptorski tip. Tirozin kinaze receptorskog tipa imaju vanstanični, transmembranski i intracelularni dio, dok su tirozin kinaze ne-receptorskog tipa potpuno intracelularni.
Tirozin kinaze receptorskog tipa sastoje se od velikog broja transmembranskih receptora s raznolikom biološkom aktivnošću. Identificirano je oko dvadeset različitih podfamilija tirozin kinaza receptorskog tipa. Jedna podfamililija tirozin kinaze, označena kao HER podfamilija, sastoji se od EGFR, HER2, HER3 i HER4. Ligandi ove podfamilije receptora sadrže epitelni faktor rasta, TGF-α, amfiregulin, HB-EGF, betacelulin i heregulin. Druga podfamilija ovih tirozin kinaza receptorskog tipa jest podfamilija inzulina, koja obuhvaća INS-R, IGF-R, i IR-R. PDGF podfamilija uključije PDGF-α i β receptore, CSFIR, c-kit i FLK-II. Tu je i FLK familija, koju čine receptor insert domene kinaze (KDR), fetalna jetrena kinaza-1 (FLK-1), fetalna jetrena kinaza -4 (FLK -4) i fms-slične tirozin kinaze -1 (flt -1).
PDGF i FLK familije obično se razmatraju zajedno, zbog sličnosti dviju grupa. Za detaljnu diskusiju tirozin kinaza receptorskog tipa vidjeti Plowman i dr., DN&P 7 (6): 334 - 339, 1994, koje je ovim inkorporirano referencom.
Tirozin kinaze ne-receptorskog tipa također čine brojne podfamilije, uključujući Src, Frk, Btk, Csk, Abl, Zap70, Fes/Fps, Fak, Jak, Ack i LIMK. Svaka od ovih podfamilija se nadalje dijeli na različite receptore. Na primjer, Src podfamilija je jedna od najvećih i uključuje Src, Yes, Fyn, Lyn, Lck, Blk, Hck, Fgr i Yrk. Src podfamilija enzima povezana je s onkogenezom. Za detaljniju diskusiju tirozin kinaza ne-receptorskog tipa vidjeti Bolen Oncogene, 8:2025 - 2031 (1993), koje je ovim inkorporirano referencom.
Kako receptorski tako i ne-receptorski tip tirozin kinaza su uključene u puteve stanične signalizacije, što dovodi do mnogih patogenih stanja, uključujući rak, psorijazu i hiperimune reakcije.
Nekoliko tirozin kinaza receptorskog tipa, kao i faktori rasta koji se na njih vežu, kao da imaju ulogu u angiogenezi, iako neki možda potiču angiogenezu indirektno (Mustonen i Alitalo, J. Stanica Biol. 129:895 - 898, 1995). Jedna takva tirozin kinaza receptorskog tipa jest fetalna jetrena kinaza 1 ili FLK - 1. Ljudski analog FLK - 1 jest insert domenska kinaza s receptorom KDR, koja je poznata kao receptor 2 faktora rasta vaskularnih endotelialnih stanica ili VEGFR - 2, zato što s visokim afinitetom vezuje VEGF. Konačno, murinska verzija ovog receptora poznata je kao NYK (Oelrichs i dr., Oncogene 8(1):11 - 15, 1993). VEGF i KDR su ligand-receptorski par koji igra važnu ulogu u proliferaciji vaskularnih endotelialnih stanica, te formiranju i širenju krvnih sudova, do vaskulogeneze i angiogeneze, respektivno.
Angiogeneza je karakterizirana pojačanom aktivnošću vaskularnog endotelialnog faktora rasta (VEGF). VEGF se zapravo sastoji od familije liganda (Klasburn i D’Amore, Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews 7:259 - 270, 1996). VEGF vezuje KDR receptor tirozin kinaze s jakim afinitetom za hvatanje na membranu, kao i srodne fms-slične tirozin kinaze - 1, poznate i kao Flt - 1 ili receptor 1 faktora rasta vaskularnih endotelialnih stanica (VEGFR - 1). Stanične kulture i testovi genskog izbacivanja ukazuju na to, da svaki receptor doprinosi različitim aspektima angiogeneze. KDR posreduje mitogenoj funkciji VEGF-, pri čemu je Flt - 1 čini se modulator ne-mitogenih funkcija, kao što su one vezane za staničnu adheziju. Inhibiranje KDR- stoga modulira nivo mitogenske VEGF aktivnosti. U stvari, rast tumora je dokazano osjetljiv na antiangiogeno djelovanje antagonista VEGF receptora. (Kim i dr., Nature 362, str. 841 - 844, 1993).
Čvrsti tumori mogu se dakle liječiti inhibitorima tirozin kinaze, jer ovi tumori ovise o angiogenezi za formiranje krvnih sudova potrebnih njihovom rastu. Ovi čvrsti tumori uključuju histiocitski limfom, karcinome mozga, genitourinarnog trakta, limfnog sustava, želuca, larinksa i pluća, uključujući plućni adenokarcinom i rak malih stanica pluća. Dodatni primjeri uključuju karcinome kod kojih je pretjerana ekspresija ili aktiviranje Raf-aktivirajućih onkogena (npr. K - ras , erb - B) uočeno. Takvi karcinomi uključuju karcinom pankreasa i karcinom dojke. Sukladno tome, inhibitori ovih tirozin kinaza su korisni u spriječavanju i liječenju širenja bolesti ovisnih o ovim enzimima.
Angiogena aktivnost VEGF- nije ograničena na tumore. VEGF je odgovoran za najveći dio angiogene aktivnosti proizvedene u ili u blizini retine kod dijabetičke retinopatije. Vaskularni rast u retini vodi do vizualne degeneracije i sljepila. Okularni VEGF mRNA i protein su povišeni kod stanja kao što je retinalna venska okluzija kod primata, i smanjenih nivoa pO2 kod miševa, što dovodi do neovaskularizacije. Intraokularne injekcije anti-VEGF monoklonalnih antitijela ili imunofuzije VEGF receptora inhibiraju okularnu neovaskularizaciju, kako kod primata tako i kod modela štakora. Bez obzira na uzrok indukcije VEGF kod ljudske dijabetičke retinopatije, inhibicija okularnog VEGF- je korisna u liječenju bolesti.
Ekspresija VEGF je također značajno povećana u hipoksičnim regijama životinjskih i ljudskih tumora, pored predjela nekroze. VEGF je također doreguliran ekspresijom onkogena ras, raf, src i mutanta p53 (koji su svi relevantni kod izoliranja raka). Monoklonalna anti - VEGF antitijela inhibiraju rast ljudskih tumora kod golih miševa. Iako ove iste tumorne stanice nastavljaju ekspresiju VEGF u kulturi, antitijela ne smanjuju njihovu stopu mitoze. Stoga tumor-derivirani VEGF ne funkcionira kao autokrini mitogeni faktor. VEGF doprinosi rastu tumora in vivo posredujući angiogenezu kroz hemotaktičke i mitogene aktivnosti parakrine vaskularne endotelialne stanice. Ova monoklonalna antitijela također inhibiraju rast obično lošije vaskulariziranih ljudskih crijevnih karcinoma kod atimičkih miševa, te smanjuju broj tumora nastalih iz inokuliranih stanica.
Viralna ekspresija VEGF - vezujućeg konstrukta Flk - 1, Flt - 1, receptorskog homologa mišjeg KDR, odsječen radi eliminiranja domena citoplazmatske tirozin kinaze, ali s membranskim sidrištem, praktički prekida rast transplantiranog glioblastoma kod miševa, pretpostavlja se dominantnim negativnim mehanizmom heterodimerne formacije s VEGF receptorima koji se hvataju na membranu endotelialnih stanica. Embrionske stanice zametka, koje normalno rastu kao čvrsti tumor kod golih miševa, ne proizvode primjetne tumore ako su oba VEGF alela izbačena. Uzeti zajedno, ovi podaci pokazuju ulogu VEGFu rastu čvrstih tumora. Inhibiranje KDR ili Flt - 1 implicirano je patološkom angiogenezom, te su ovi receptori korisni u liječenju bolesti kod kojih je angiogeneza dio opće patologije, npr. upala, dijabetičke retinalne vaskularizacije, kao i raznih oblika raka, jer je poznato da je rast tumora ovisan o angiogenezi. (Weidner i dr., N. Engl. J. Med., 324, str. 1 - 8, 1991).
Shodno tome, identificiranje malih spojeva koji specifično inhibiraju, reguliraju i/ili moduliraju transdukciju signala tirozin kinaze je poželjno, te je predmetom ovog izuma.
Kratak opis izuma
Predmetni izum odnosi se na spojeve koji su sposobni inhibirati, modulirati i/ili regulirati transdukciju signala tirozin kinaza, kako receptorskog tipa, tako i ne-receptorskog tipa. Jedna implementacija predmetnog izuma je ilustrirana spojem Formule I, te njegovim farmaceutski prihvatljivim solima i stereoizomerima:
[image]
I
Detaljan opis izuma
Spojevi ovog izuma korisni su u inhibiranju kinaza, te su ilustrirani spojem Formule I:
[image]
I
ili njegovim farmaceutski prihvatljivim solima i stereoizomerima, gdje
Z je
[image]
W1 je S, O, ili N - R;
V1 je N ili C;
W2 je N ili C;
V2 je S, O, ili N - R;
a je 0 ili 1;
b je 0 ili 1;
m je 0, 1 ili 2;
s je 1 ili 2;
t je 1, 2 ili 3;
KS = Y je C = N, N = C, ili C = C;
R je H ili C1 - C6 alkil;
R1 i R5 su neovisno izabrani od:
1) H,
2) (C=O)aObC1 - C10 alkil,
3) (C=O)aObaril,
4) (C=O)aObC2 - C10 alkenil,
5) (C=O)aObC2 - C10 alkinil,
6) CO2H,
7) halo,
8) OH,
9) ObC1 - C6 perfluoroalkil,
10) (C=O)aNR7R8,
11) CN,
12) (C=O)aObC3 - C8 cikloalkil, i
13) (C=O)aObheterociklil,
navedeni alkil, aril, alkenil, alkinil, cikloalkil i heterociklil je opcionalno supstituiran s jednim ili više supstituenata izabranih od R6.
R2 i R3 su neovisno izabrani od:
1) H,
2) (C=O)OaC1 - C6 alkil,
3) (C=O)Oaaril,
4) C1 - C6 alkil,
5) SO2Ra, i
6) aril;
R4 je izabran od:
1) (C=O)aObC1 - C10 alkil,
2) (C=O)aObaril,
3) (C=O)aObC2 - C10 alkenil
4) (C=O)aObC2 - C10 alkinil,
5) CO2H,
6) halo,
7) OH,
8) ObC1 - C6 perfluoroalkil,
9) (C=O)aNR7R8,
10) CN,
11) (C=O)aObC3 - C8 cikloalkil, i
12) (C=O)aOb heterociklil,
navedeni alkil, aril, alkenil, alkinil, cikloalkil i heterociklil je opcionalno supstituiran s jednim ili više supstituenata izabranih od R6
R6 je:
1) (C=O)aObC1 - C10 alkil,
2) (C=O)aObaril,
3) C2 - C10 alkenil
4) C2 - C10 alkinil,
5) (C=O)aOb heterociklil,
6) CO2H,
7) halo,
8) CN,
9) OH,
10) ObC1 - C6 perfluoroalkil,
11) (C=O)aNR7R8,
12) okso,
13) CHO,
14) (N=O)R7R8, ili
15) (C=O)aObC3 - C8 cikloalkil,
navedeni alkil, aril, alkenil, alkinil, cikloalkil i heterociklil je opcionalno supstituiran s jednim ili više supstituenata izabranih od R6a;
R6a je izabran od:
1) (C=O)rOs(C1 - C10)alkil, gdje r i s su neovisno 0 ili 1,
2) Or (C1 - C3)perfluoroalkil, gdje je r 0 ili 1,
3) (C0 - C6)alkilen - S(O)m Ra, gdje je m 0, 1 ili 2,
4) okso,
5) OH,
6) halo,
7) CN,
8) (C2 - C10)alkenil
9) (C2 - C10)alkinil,
10) (C3 - C6)cikloalkil,
11) (C0 - C6)alkilen-aril,
12) (C0 - C6)alkilen-heterociklil,
13) (C0 - C6)alkilen-N(Rb)2,
14) C(O)Ra,
15) (C0 - C6)alkilen-CO2Ra
16) C(O)H, i
17) (C0 - C6)alkilen-CO2H,
navedeni alkil, aril, alkenil, alkinil, cikloalkil i heterociklil je opcionalno supstituiran sa do tri supstituenta, izabrana od Rb, OH, (C1 - C6)alkoksi, halogen, CO2H, CN, O(C=O)C1 - C6alkil, okso, i N(Rb)2;
R7 i R8 su neovisno izabrani od:
1) H,
2) (C=O)ObC1 - C10 alkil,
3) (C = O)ObC3 - C8 cikloalkil,
4) (C = O)Ob aril,
5) (C = O)Ob heterociklil,
6) C1 - C10 alkil,
7) aril,
8) C2 - C10 alkenil,
9) C2 - C10 alkinil,
10) heterociklil,
11) C3 - C8 cikloalkil,
12) SO2Ra , i (C = O)NRb2,
navedeni alkil, aril, alkenil, alkinil, cikloalkil i heterociklil je opcionalno supstituiran s jednim ili više supstituenata, izabrana od R6a, ili
se R7 i R8 mogu uzeti zajedno s dušikom na koji su vezani da se dobije monociklički ili biciklički heterocikl s 5 - 7 članova u svakom prstenu, koji opcionalno sadržava, uz dušik, jedan do dva heteroatoma izabrana od N, O ili S, te je monociklički ili biciklički heterocikl opcionalno supstituiran s jednim ili više supstituenata izabrana od R6a;
Ra jest (C1 - C6)alkil, (C3 - C6)cikloalkil, aril ili heterociklil; i
Rb jest H, (C1 - C6)alkil, aril, heterociklil, (C3 - C6)cikloalkil, (C=O)OC1 - C6)alkil, (C=O)C1 - C6 alkil, ili S(O)2 Ra.
Druga implementacija izuma jest spoj Formule I, gdje
Z je [image] [image] .
Daljnja implementacija predmetnog izuma ilustrirana je spojem Formule I, gdje je Z gore definiran, gdje
s je 1, i
t je 1 ili 2;
R1 i R5 su neovisno izabrani od:
1) H,
2) (C=O)aObC1 - C6 alkil,
3) (C = O)aObaril,
4) (C = O)aObC2 - C6 alkenil,
5) (C = O)aObC2 - C6 alkinil,
6) CO2H,
7) halo,
8) OH,
9) ObC1 - C3 perfluoroalkil,
10) (C = O)aNR7R8,
11) CN,
12) (C = O)aObC3 - C6 cikloalkil, i
13) (C = O)aObheterociklil,
navedeni alkil, aril, alkenil, alkinil, cikloalkil i heterociklil je opcionalno supstituiran s jednim ili više supstituenata, izabrana od R6;
R4 je izabran od:
1) (C = O)aObC1 - C6 alkil,
2) (C=O)aObaril,
3) (C = O)aObC2 - C6 alkenil,
4) (C = O)aObC2 - C6 alkinil,
5) CO2H,
6) halo,
7) OH,
8) ObC1 - C3 perfluoroalkil,
9) (C = O)aNR7R8,
10) CN,
11) (C = O)aObC3 - C6 cikloalkil, i
12) (C = O)aObheterociklil,
navedeni alkil, aril, alkenil, alkinil, cikloalkil i heterociklil je opcionalno supstituiran s jednim ili više supstituenata, izabrana od R6;
R6 je izabran od:
1) (C = O)aObC1 - C6 alkil,
2) (C=O)aObaril,
3) C2 - C6 alkenil,
4) C2 - C6 alkinil,
5) (C = O)aObheterociklil,
6) CO2H,
7) halo,
8) CN,
9) OH,
10) ObC1 - C3 perfluoroalkil,
11) Oa(C = O)bNR7R8,
12) okso,
13) CHO,
14) (N = O)R7R8, ili
15) (C = O)aObC3 – C6 cikloalkil,
navedeni alkil, aril, alkenil, alkinil, cikloalkil i heterociklil je opcionalno supstituiran s jednim ili više supstituenata, izabrana od R6a;
R6a je izabran od:
1) (C=O)rOs(C1 - C10)alkil, gdje r i s su neovisno 0 ili 1,
2) Or (C1 - C3)perfluoroalkil, gdje je r 0 ili 1,
3) (C0 - C6)alkilen - S(O)m Ra, gdje je m 0, 1 ili 2,
4) okso,
5) OH,
6) halo,
7) CN,
8) (C2 - C10)alkenil
9) (C2 - C10)alkinil,
10) (C3 - C6)cikloalkil,
11) (C0 - C6)alkilen-aril,
12) (C0 - C6)alkilen-heterociklil,
13) (C0 - C6)alkilen-N(Rb)2,
14) C(O)Ra,
15) (C0 - C6)alkilen-CO2Ra
16) C(O)H, i
17) (C0 - C6)alkilen-CO2H,
navedeni alkil, aril, alkenil, alkinil, cikloalkil i heterociklil je opcionalno supstituiran sa do tri supstituenta, izabrana od Rb, OH, (C1 - C6)alkoksi, halogen, CO2H, CN, O(C=O)C1 - C6alkil, okso, i N(Rb)2;
R7 i R8 su neovisno izabrani od:
1) H,
2) (C = O)ObC1 - C6 alkil,
3) (C = O)ObC3 - C6 cikloalkil,
4) (C = O)Ob aril,
5) (C = O)Ob heterociklil,
6) C1-C6 alkil,
7) aril,
8) C2 - C6 alkenil,
9) C2 - C6 alkinil,
10) heterociklil,
11) C3 - C6 cikloalkil,
12) SO2Ra,
13) (C=O)NR62,
navedeni alkil, cikloalkil, aril, heterociklil, alkenil i alkinil, je opcionalno supstituiran s jednim ili više supstituenata, izabrana od R6a, ili
R7 i R8 mogu biti uzeti zajedno s dušikom na koji su vezani da se dobije monociklički ili biciklički heterocikl s 5 - 7 članova u svakom prstenu, koji opcionalno sadržava, uz dušik, jedan do dva dodatna heteroatoma izabrana od N, O ili S, te je monociklički ili biciklički heterocikl opcionalno supstituiran s jednim ili više supstituenata izabrana od R6a;
Još jedna implementacija jest spoj opisan gore, gdje su R2, R3 i R5 nadalje definirani kao H.
Još jedna implementacija jest gdje je t nadalje definiran kao 1, s je 1,
i R1 je H.
Također obuhvaćen predmetnim izumom jest spoj Formule I, kako je gore definirana, te gdje je R4 izabran od:
1) OC1 - C6 alkilene NR7R8,
2) (C=O) C0 - C6 alkilen - Q, gdje je: Q je H, OH, CO2H ili OC1 - C6 alkil,
3) OC0 - C6 alkilen-heterociklil, opcionalno supstituiran s jedan do tri supstituenta izabrana od R6a,
4) C0 - C6 alkilen NR7R8,
5) (C = O)NR7R8, i
6) OC1 - C3 alkilen-(C=O) NR7R8.
Poželjna implementacija jest spoj izabran od 3-{5-[3-(4-metil-piperazin-1-il)-propoksi]-1H-indol-2-il}-1H-kvinolin-2-on;
3-(5-{2-[2-metoksietil)-amino]etoksi}-1H-indol-2-il)-2(1H)-kvinolinon;
3-[5-{2-{(2-metoksietil)[(2-metoksi-5-pirimidinil)metil]amino}etoksi)-1H-indol-2-il]-2(1H)-kvinolinon;
3-(5-{[2S, 4R)-4-metoksipirolidinil]metoksi}-1H-indol-2-il)-2(1H)-kvinolinon;
3-(5-({(2S, 4R)-4-metoksi-1-[(2-metil-5-pirimidinil)metil]pirolidinil}metoksi}-1H-indol-2-il)-2(1H)-kvinolinon;
1-(2-{[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]oksi}etil)-4-piperidin-karboksilna kiselina etil ester;
1-(2-{[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]oksi}etil)-4-piperidin-karboksilna kiselina;
3-[(2S,4R)-4-metoksi-2-({[2-(2-okso-1,2–dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]oksi}metil)pirolidinil]propanska kiselina;
3-[5-(4-metansulfonil-piperazin-1-ilmetil)-1H-indol-2-il)-1H-kvinolin-2-on;
3-[5-(4-metansulfonil-1-oksi-piperazin-1-ilmetil)-1H-indol-2-il)-1H-kvinolin-2-on;
3-[5-(4-acetil-piperazin-1-ilmetil)-1H-indol-2-il)-1H-kvinolin-2-on;
N-ciklopropil-N-[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-kvinolin-3-il)-1H-indol-5-ilmetil]-metansulfonamid;
3-[5-(1-piperazinkarbonil)-1H-indol-2-il)-2(1H)-kvinolinon;
3-{5-[4-metil-1-piperazinil)karbonil]-1H-indol-2-il)-2(1H)-kvinolinon;
1-{[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]karbonil}-4-piperidinamin trifluoroacetat;
1-{[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]oksi}acetil)piperazin-4-ij trifluoroacetat;
3-{5-[2-(1,1-dioksido-4-tianomorfolinil)-2-oksoetoksi]-1H-indol-2-il}-2(1H)-kvinolinon;
N-{[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]metil}-4-piperidin karboksamid;
3-{5-[1-(4-morfolinil)etil]-1H-indol-2-il}-2(1H)-kvinolinon;
3-{5-[1-(4-pirolidinil)etil]-1H-indol-2-il}-2(1H)-kvinolinon;
3-{5-[1-(4-acetil-1-piperazinil)etil]-1H-indol-2-il}-2(1H)-kvinolinon;
3-{5-[1-(4-metilsulfonil)-1-piperazinil]etil}-1H-indol-2-il}-2(1H)-kvinolinon;
4-amino-N-[2-(2-okso-1, 2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]-1-piperidinkarbaksamid; i
4-amino-N-[2-(2-okso-1, 2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]metil}-1-piperidinkarbaksamid, ili
njegova farmaceutski prihvatljiva sol ili stereoizomer.
Također obuhvaćen opsegom predmetnog izuma jest farmaceutski pripravak, kojeg čine spoj Formule I, kako je gore opisan, i farmaceutski prihvatljivi nosač. Predmetni izum također obuhvaća metodu liječenja ili spriječavanja raka kod sisavaca, kojima je to potrebno, koja se sastoji od davanja tom sisavcu terapeutski efektivne količine spoja Formule I. Poželjni karcinom koji je pogodan za takvo liječenje izabran je od grupe koju čine karcinomi mozga, genourinarnog trakta, limfog sistema, želuca, larinksa i pluća. Druga skupina pogodnih oblika raka su histocitski limfom, plućni adenokarcinom, karcinomi malih stanica pluća, pankreasa, glioblastomi i rak dojke.
Također je obuhvaćena metoda liječenja ili prevencije bolesti kod koje je implicirana angiogeneza, koja se sastoji od davanja sisavcu, kojem je takvo liječenje potrebno, terapeutski efikasne količine spoja Formule I. Takve bolesti kod kojih je implicirana angiogeneza su očne bolesti kao što je vaskularizacija retine, dijabetička retinopatija, makularna degeneracija uzrokovana starenjem i slično.
Također obuhvaćena opsegom predmetnog izuma jest metoda liječenja ili prevencije upalnih bolesti, koji se sastoji od davanja sisavcu, kojem je takvo liječenje potrebno, terapeutski efikasne količine spoja Formule I. Primjeri takvih upalnih bolesti su reumatski artritis, psorijaza, kontaktini dermatitis, naknadne hipersenzitivne reakcije i slično.
Također obuhvaćena opsegom predmetnog izuma jest metoda liječenja ili prevencije bolesti ovisnih o tirozin kinazi, koji se sastoji od davanja sisavcu, kojem je takvo liječenje potrebno, terapeutski efikasne količine spoja Formule I. Terapeutska količina varira prema specifičnoj bolesti i očita je stručnim osobama bez nepotrebnih eksperimentiranja.
Metoda liječenja ili prevencije vaskularizacije retine, koje se sastoji od davanja sisavcu, kojem je takvo liječenje potrebno, terapeutski efikasne količine spoja Formule I, također je obuhvaćena predmetnim izumom. Metode liječenja ili prevencije očnih bolesti, kao što su dijabetička retinopatija i makularna degeneracija uzrokovana starenjem su također dio ovog izuma. Također obuhvaćena opsegom predmetnog izuma jest metoda liječenja ili prevencije upalnih bolesti, kao što su reumatski artritis, psorijaza, kontaktini dermatitis, naknadne hipersenzitivne reakcije, kao i liječenje ili prevencija koštanih patologija, izabranih od osteosarkoma, osteoartritisa i rahitisa.
Ovaj izum također predviđa korištenje zahtjevanih spojeva u kombinaciji sa drugim spojem, izabranim od:
1) modulator receptora estrogena,
2) modulator receptora androgena,
3) modulator retinoidnog receptora ,
4) citotoksični agens,
5) antiproliferativni agens,
6) inhibitor prenil-protein transferaze,
7) inhibitor HMG-CoA reduktaze,
8) inhibitor HIV-proteaze,
9) inhibitor reverzne transkriptaze, i
10) drugi inhibitor angiogeneze.
Poželjni inhibitori angiogeneze su izabrani od grupe koju čine inhibitor tirozin kinaze, inhibitor faktora rasta deriviranog iz epiderma, inhibitor faktora rasta deriviranog iz fibroblasta, inhibitor faktora rasta deriviranog iz trombocita, MMP (matrična metaloproteaza) inhibitor, blokatori integrina, interferon-α, interleukin-12, pentosan polisulfat, inhibitor ciklooksigenaze, karboksiamidotriazol, kombretastatin -4, skvalamin, 6-O-kloroacetil-karbonil)-fumagilol, talidomid, angiostatin, troponin-1, kao i antitijela na VEGF. Poželjnii modulatori receptora estrogena su tamoksifen i raloksifen.
Također obuhvaćena opsegom predmetnog izuma jest metoda liječenja raka, koja se sastoji od davanja terapeutski efikasne količine spoja Formule I u kombinaciji s radijacijskom terapijom i/ili u kombinaciji sa spojem izabranim od:
1) modulator receptora estrogena,
2) modulator receptora androgena,
3) modulator receptora retinoida,
4) citotoksični agens,
5) antoproliferativni agens,
6) inhibitor prenil-protein transferaze,
7) inhibitor HMG-CoA reduktaze,
8) inhibitor HIV-proteaze,
9) inhibitor reverzne transkriptaze, i
10) drugi inhibitor angiogeneze.
Još jedna implementacija predmetnog izuma jest metoda liječenja raka, koja se sastoji od davanja terapeutski efikasne količine spoja Formule I u kombinaciji s paclitaksel-om ili trastuzumab-om.
Također obuhvaćena opsegom predmetnog izuma jest metoda smanjenja ili spriječavanja oštećenja tkiva, nakon cerebralne ishemije, koja se sastoji od davanja terapeutski efikasne količine spoja Formule I.
Ovi i drugi aspekti izuma biti će objašnjeni sadržajem predmetne prijave.
“Stanja ili bolesti ovisne o tirozin kinazi” odnosi se na patološka stanja koja ovise o aktivnosti jedne ili više tirozin kinaza. Tirozin kinaze direktno ili indirektno sudjeluju u putevima transdukcije signala raznih staničnih aktivnosti, uključujući proliferaciju, adheziju, migraciju i diferencijaciju. Bolesti vezane za aktivnosti tirozin kinaze uključuju proliferaciju stanica tumora, patološku neovaskularizaciju koja podržava rast čvrstih tumora, očnu neovaskularizaciju (dijabetičku retinopatiju, makularnu degeneraciju uzrokovanu starenjem, i slično) i upalna stanja (psorijazu, reumatski artritis i slično).
Spojevi predmetnog izuma mogu imati asimetrične centre, kiralne osi, te kiralne ravnine (kako je opisano u E.L. Eliel i S.H. Wilen, Stereochemistry of Carbon Compaunds, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1994, stranice 1119 - 1190), i javljati se kao racemati, racematske smjese, te kao individualni diastereomeri, sa svim mogućim izomerima i smjesama, uključujući optičke izomere, te su svi uključeni u predmetni izum. Dodatno, spojevi ovdje opisani mogu postojati kao tautomeri i obje se tautomerne forme smatraju obuhvaćene opsegom izuma, čak i onda kada je opisan samo jedna tautomerna struktura. Na primjer, svaki zahtjev koji se odnosi na Spoj A (dolje) podrazumijeva i tautomernu strukturu B, i obratno, kao i njihove smjese.
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A B
Kada se neka varijabla (npr. R4, R6, R6a itd.) pojavljuje više od jednom u nekom sastojku, njena je definicija u svakom pojavljivanju neovisna od ostalih. Također su dozvoljene kombinacije supstituenata i varijabli, samo ako takve kombinacije rezultiraju stabilnim spojevima. Crte u sistemu prstena od supstituenata označavaju da prikazana veza može biti povezana na svaki od supstituiranih atoma prstena. Ako je sistem prstenova policiklički, namjera je da je veza na bilo kojem pogodnom ugljikovom atomu, samo na proksimalnom prstenu.
Podrazumijeva se da supstituenti i sheme supstitucije na spojevima predmetnog izuma mogu biti izabrani od stručnjaka, da se dobiju kemijski stabilni spojevi, koje je moguće sintetizirati poznatim tehnikama, kao i metodama navedenim dolje, od raspoloživih početnih materijala. Ukoliko je supstituent supstituiran u više od jedne grupe, podrazumijeva se da ove multiple grupe mogu biti na istom ugljiku ili na različitim ugljikovim atomima, sve dokle to rezultira stabilnom strukturom. Izraz “opcionalno supstituiran s jednim ili više supstituenata” treba smatrati ekvivalentnim frazi “opcionalno supstituiran s najmanje jednim supstituentom”, te će u takvom slučaju poželjna implementacija imati od nula do tri supstituenta.
Kako je ovdje korišten “alkil” označava kako razgranate tako i ravne lance zasićenih alifatskih ugljikovodika, s određenim brojem ugljikovih atoma. Na primjer, C1 - C10 kao u izrazu “C1 - C10 alkil” je definiran tako da sadržava grupe koje imaju 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, ili 10 ugljika u linearnom ili razgranatom rasporedu. Na primjer “C1 - C10 alkil” specifično uključuje metil, etil, n-propil, i-propil, n-butil, t-butil, i-butil, pentil, heksil, heptil, oktil, nonil, decil, itd. Izraz “cikloalkil” označava zasićenu alifatsku grupu ugljikovodika sa određenim brojem ugljikovih atoma. Na primjer, “cikloalkil” uključuje ciklopropil, metil-ciklopropil, 2,2-dimetil-ciklobutil, 2-etil-ciklopentil, cikloheksil, itd.
“Alkoksi” predstavlja cikličku ili ne-cikličku alkil grupu s određenim brojem ugljikovih atoma, povezanih preko mosta kisikovih atoma. “Alkoksi” stoga obuhvaća definicije alkila i cikloalkila navedene ranije.
Ako nije naveden broj ugljikovih atoma, izraz “alkenil” označava ne-aromatski radikal ugljikovodika, ravan, razgranat ili cikličan, sa od 2 do 10 atoma ugljika i najmanje jednom dvostrukom vezom ugljik na ugljik. Poželjno je nazočna jedna dvostruka veza ugljik na ugljik, ali može ih biti do četiri.
Stoga “ C2 - C6 alkenil” znači da alkenil radikal ima od 2 do 6 ugljikovih atoma. Alkenil grupe uključuju etenil, propenil, butenil, 2-metilbutenil i cikloheksenil. Ravni, razgranati ili ciklički dio alkenil grupe može sadržavati dvosruke veze, te može biti supstituiran ako je supstituirana alkenil grupa naznačena.
Izraz “alkinil” označava radikal, ravan, razgranat ili cikličan, sa od 2 do 10 atoma ugljika i najmanje jednom trostrukom vezom ugljik na ugljik. Može biti nazočno do tri ugljik na ugljik trostruke veze. Stoga “ C2 - C6 alkinil” znači da alkinil radikal ima od 2 do 6 ugljikovih atoma. Alkinil grupe uključuju etinil, propinil, butinil, 3-metilbutinil i tako dalje. Ravni, razgranati ili ciklički dio alkinil grupe može sadržavati trostruke veze, te može biti supstituiran ako je supstituirana alkinil grupa naznačena.
U pojedinim slučajevima supstituenti mogu biti definirani s opsegom ugljikovih atoma koji uključuje nula, kao što je C0 - C6 alkilen-aril. Ako se za aril uzme fenil, ova bi definicija uključivala kako sam fenil, tako i -CH2 Ph, -CH2CH2Ph, CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)Ph, itd.
Onako kako je ovdje korišten, izraz “aril” označava svaki stabilni monociklički ili biciklički ugljikov prsten do 7 atoma u prstenu, gdje je najmanje jedan prsten aromatski. Primjeri takvih elemenata uključuju fenil, naftil, tetrahidronaftil, indanil, bifenil, fenantril, antril ili acenaftil. U slučajevima gdje je aril supstituent biciklički i jedan prsten je ne-aromatski, podrazumijeva se da je vezan preko aromatskog prstena.
Izraz heteroaril, kako je ovdje korišten, označava stabilan monociklički ili biciklički prsten do 7 atoma u svakom prstenu, gdje je najmanje jedan prsten aromatski i sadrži od 1 do 4 heteroatoma izabrana iz grupe koju čine O, N, i S. Heteroaril grupe koju obuhvaća ova definicija su, ali ne ograničavajući se na navedene: akridinil, karbazolil, cinolinil, kinoksalinil, pirazolil, indolil, benzotriazolil, furanil, tienil, benzotienil, benzofuranil, kinolinil, izokinolinil, oksazolil, izoksazolil, indolil, pirazinil, piridzinil, piridinil, primidinil, priolil, tetrahidrokvinolin. Kao kod definicije heterocikla u nastavku, “heteroaril” se podrazumijeva da sadržava N-oksid derivate heteroarila koji sadrže dušik.
U slučajevima gdje je heteroaril supstituent biciklički, jedan je prsten ne-aromatski ili ne sadrži heteroatome, podrazumijeva se da je vezan putem aromatskog prstena ili putem prstena s heteroatomom, respektivno.
Kao što je poznato stručnim osobama, “halo” ili “halogen” kako se koristi ovdje obuhvaća kloro, fluoro, bromo i jodo. Izraz “heterocikl” ili “heterociklil” kako se ovdje koristi označava 5 do 10-člani aromatski ili ne-aromatski heterocikl koji sadrži od 1 do 4 heteroatoma, izabrana iz grupe koju čine O, N i S, te uključuje bicikličke grupe. “Heterociklil” stoga uključuje gore spomenute heteroarile, kao i njihove dihidro i tetrahidro analoge. Daljnji primjeri “heterociklila” uključuju, ali se ne ograničavaju, na sljedeće: benzoimidazolil, benzofuranil, benzofurazanil, benzopirazolil, benzotriazolil, benzotiofenil, benzooksazolil, karbazolil, karbolinil, cinolinil, furanil, imidazolil, indolinil, indolil, indolazinil, indazolil, izobenzofuranil, izoindolil, izokvinolil, izotiazolil, izoksazolil, naftpiridinil, oksadiazolil, oksazolil, oksazolin, izoksazolin, oksetanil, piranil, pirazinil, pirazolil, piridazinil, piridopiridinil, piridazinil, piridil, pirimidil, pirolil, kvinazolinil, kvinolil, kvinoksalinil, tetrahidropiranil, tetrazolil, tetrazolopiridil, tiadiazolil, tiazolil, tienil, triazolil, azetidinil, 1,4-dioksanil, heksahidroazepinil, piperazinil, piperidinil, pirolidinil, morfolinil, tiomorfolinil, dihidrobenzoimidazolil, dihidrobenzofuranil, dihidrobenzotiofenil, dihidrobenzoksazolil, dihidrofuranil, dihidroimidazolil, dihidroindolil, dihidroizooksazolil, dihidroizotiazolil, dihidrooksadiazolil, dihidrooksazolil, dihidropirazinil, dihidropirazolil, dihidropiridinil, dihidropirimidinil, dihidropirolil, dihidrokvinolinil, dihidrotetrazolil, dihidrotiadiazolil, dihidrotienil,
dihidrotiazolidil, dihidrotriazolil, dihidroazetidinil, metilendioksibenzoil, tetrahidrofuranil i tetrahidrotienil, kao i njihove N-okside. Vezivanje heterociklil supstituenta može biti preko ugljikovog atoma ili heteroatoma.
Alkil, alkenil, alkinil, cikloalkil, aril, heteroaril i heterociklil supstituenti mogu biti supstituirani ili nesupstituirani, ukoliko nije izričito naznačeno drugačije. Na primjer (C1 - C6) alkil može biti supstituiran s jednim, dva ili tri supstituenta izabrana od OH, okso, halogen, alkoksi, dialkilamino, ili heterociklil, kao što su morfolinil, piperidinil, i tako dalje. U ovom slučaju, ako je jedan supstituent okso drugi je OH, uključeni su u definiciju i: -C=O)CH2CH(OH)CH3, -(C=O)OH, CH2(OH)CH2CH(O), itd.
Farmaceutski prihvatljive soli spojeva ovog izuma uključuju konvencionalne ne-toksične soli spojeva iz ovog izuma formirane s organskim ili anorganskim kiselinama. Na primjer, konvencionalne ne-toksične soli uključuju one izvedene iz neorganskih kiselina, kao što su klorovodična, bromovodična, sumporna, sulfaminska, fosforna, dušična i tako dalje, kao i soli pripravljene iz organskih kiselina kao što su octena, propionska, sukcinatna, glikolna, stearinska, mliječna, jabučna, vinska, limunska, askorbinska, pamoička, maleinska, hidroksimaleinska, feniloctena, glutaminska, benzojeva, salicilna, sulfanilna, 2-acetoksi-benzojeva, mravlja, toluensulfonska, metansulfonska, etan disulfonska, oksalna, izetionska, trifluorooctena, itd.
U pojedinim slučajevima, R7 i R8 su definirani tako da mogu biti uzeti smo zajedno sa dušikom, na koji su vezani da formiraju monociklički ili biciklički heteroprsten s 5 - 7 članova u svakom prstenu i opcionalno, uz dušik, sadržavaju jedan do dva heteroatoma izabrana od R6a. Primjeri heteroprstenova tako formiranih uključuju, ali nisu ograničeni na sljedeće, imajući na umu da je heteroprsten opcionalno supstituiran s jednim ili više supstituenata izabranih od R6a.:
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Poželjno je da je R1 =H. Također je poželjno da je definicija R2 i R3 jest H. Poželjno je da je R5 =H. Poželjni heterociklil supstituenti su oni prikazane gore, plus pirididin, pirimidin, pirazin, piridazin, tetrametilensulfon, butirolakton, tetrahidrofuran, furan, indol, te tiofen. Poželjno je da je t = 1 i da je R4 izmješten na 5-poziciji indola, prema sljedećoj shemi:
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Poželjno je da je R4 definiran kao -OC1-C6alkilen N R7R8, (C=O)aC0-C6 alkilen-Q, gdje je Q H, OH, CO2H, ili OC1-C6 alkil, OC0-C6 alkilrn-heterociklil, opcionalno supstituiran s jedan do tri supstituenta izabrana od R6a, C0-C6alkilen N R7R8, ili OC1-C3alkilen-(C=O)N R7R8. Najpoželjnije je da je R4 C1-C3alkilen N R7R8. Poželjno je da su R7 i R8 definirani tako da se uzimaju zajedno s dušikom na koji su vezani za formiranje monocikličkog 5 - 7 članog hetero prstena, koji opcionalno sadržava, uz dušik, jedan ili dva heteroatoma izabrana od N, O i S, te da je spomenuti heteroprsten opcionalno supstituiran s jednim ili dva supstituenta izabrana od R6a.
Farmaceutski prihvatiljive soli spojeva ovog izuma mogu biti sintetizirane od spojeva ovog izuma koji imaju lužnat ili kiseli dio konvencionalnim kemijskim metodama. Općenito, soli baznih spojeva pripravljaju se ili kromatografijom s ionskom izmjenom ili reakcijom slobodne baze sa stehiometrijskim količinama ili sa suviškom željenih organskih ili anorganskih kiselina za formiranje soli, u odgovarajućem otapalu ili raznim kombinacijama otapala. Slično, soli kiselih komponenti formiraju se reakcijama s odgovarajućim anorganskim ili organskim lužinama.
Spojevi ovog izuma mogu se pripravljati korištenjem reakcija kako je prikazano u sljedećim shemama, uz druge standardne manipulacije poznate u literaturi, ili prikazane u eksperimentalnim postupcima. Ove sheme stoga nisu ograničene na navedene spojeve, ili na neki specifični supstituent prikazan u svrhu ilustracije. Numeriranje supstituenata prikazano na shemama nije nužno u vezi s onim prikazanim u zahtjevima.
SHEME
Kako je prikazano u Shemi A, kvinolin reagens A-2 može biti sintetiziran po općim postupcima prikazanim u Marsais, F; Godard, A.; Queguiner G. J. Heterocyclic Chem. 1989., 26, 1589 - 1594). Derivati s varijacijama supstitucije mogu se napraviti modificiranjem ovog postupka i korištenjem standardnih protokola sinteze, poznatim u struci. Također je u Shemi I prikazana priprava međuprodukta indola A-6.
Shema B prikazuje jedan mogući protokol za kupliranje indol i kvinolin međuprodukata, da se dobiju željeni spojevi. Shema C prikazuje jedan mogući put sinteze za sintezu reprezentativnog spoja predmetnog izuma, 3-(5-metoksi-1H-pirolo[2, 3 - c]piridin-2-il)-1H-kvinolin-2-ona, C-6.
Shema D prikazuje sintezu jodo-naftiridina s jodo-pirido-piridinima.
Rezultirajući iodo spojevi mogu se kuplirati s odgovarajućom indol boronskom kiselinom, kako je prikazano u drugim shemama, da se dobije željeni produkt.
Početni kloro-spojevi mogu se pripravljati po metodi koju opisuju D.J. Pokorny i W.W. Paudler u J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 3101.
SHEMA A
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SHEMA B
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SHEMA C
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SHEMA D
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SHEMA E
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KORISNOST
Predmetni spojevi su korisni kao farmaceutski agensi za sisavce, osobito ljude, u liječenju bolesti ovisnih o tirozin kinazi. Takve bolesti obuhvaćaju proliferaciju tumornih stanica, patološku neovaskularizaciju (ili angiogenezu) koja pomaže rast čvrstih tumora, okularnu neovaskularizaciju (dijabetičku retinopatiju, makularnu degeneraciju uzrokovanu starenjem, i slično) i upalne bolesti (psorijazu, reumatski artritis, i slično).
Spojevi predmetnog izuma mogu se davati pacijentima za uporabu u liječenju raka. Spojevi predmetnog izuma inhibiraju angiogenezu u tumoru, te tako utječu na rast tumora (J. Rak i drugi Cancer Research, 55:4575-4589, 1995). Anti-angiogenezna svojstva predmetnih spojeva su stoga korisna u liječenju nekih oblika sljepoće, vezanih za vaskularizaciju retine.
Opisani spojevi su također korisni u liječenju izvjesnih koštanih patologija, kao što su osteosarkom, osteoartritis, te rahitis, također poznat i kao onkogena osteomalacia. (Hasegawa i dr., Skeletal Radiol., 28, str. 41 - 45, 1999; Gerber i dr., Nature Medicine, Vol. 5, Br. 6, str. 623 - 628, lipanj 1999). Obzirom da VEGF direktno promiče osteoklastičku resorpciju kosti kroz KDR/Flk-1 ekspresiran kod zrelih osteoklasta (FEBS Let. 473: 161 - 164 (2000); Endocrinology, 141: 1667 (2000)), predmetni su spojevi također korisni u liječenju i prevenciji stanja vezanih na resorpciju kosti, kao što je osteoporoza i Pagetova bolest.
Zahtjevani spojevi mogu se također koristiti za smanjenje ili prevenciju oštećenja tkiva, koje slijedi nakon cerebralnih ishemija, kao što je udar, reduciranjem cerebralne ederme, oštećenja tkiva, te reperfuzijskih povreda nakon ishemije. (Drug News Perspect. 11: 265 - 279 (1998); J. Clin. Invest. 104: 1613 - 1620 (1999)).
Spojevi pedmetnog izuma mogu se davati sisavcima, poželjno ljudima, ili samostalno ili , poželjno u kombinaciji s farmaceutski prihvatljivim nosačima ili otapalima, opcionalno s poznatim adjuvantsima kao što je alum, u farmaceutskom pripravku, prema standardnoj farmaceutskoj praksi. Pripravci se mogu davati oralno ili parenteralno, uključujući i intravenozno, intramuskularno, intraperitonealno, supkutano, rektalno i lokalnim putem.
Za oralno korištenje kemoterapijskog spoja po ovom izumu, spoj se može, na primjer, davati u formi tableta ili kapsula, ili kao vodena otopina ili suspenzija. Kod tableta za oralnu uporabu, nosači koji se obično koriste uključuju laktozu i kukuruzni škrob, te lubrikante kao što je magnezij stearat. Za oralnu uborabu u formi kapsula, korisna otapala uključuju laktozu i sušeni kukuruzni škrob. Kod vodenih suspenzija za oralno davanje, aktivni se sastojak kombinira s emulgatorima i suspenzivnim agensima. Mogu se po želji dodati i zaslađivači ili drugi agensi za korekciju okusa. Kod intramuskularnog, intraperitonealnog, supkutanog i intravenoznog davanja, pripravljaju se sterilne otopine aktivnog sastojka, uz naravnavanje i puferiranje pH otopina. Kod intravenozne uporabe, ukupna koncentracija otopljenih sastojaka treba biti kontrolirana, tako da je pripravak izotoničan.
Spojevi predmetnog izuma mogu se davati zajedno s drugim poznatim terapeutskim agensima, koji su izabrani zbog svoje korisnosti protiv stanja koja se liječe. Na primjer, kod poremećaja kostiju, kombinacije koje mogu biti korisne uključuju one s antiresorptivnim bisfosfonatima, kao što su alendronat i risendronat; blokatori integrina (definirani u nastavku), kao što su αvβ3 antagonisti; konjugirani estrogeni koji se koriste u terapiji zamjenskim hormonima, kao što su PREMPRO®, PREMARIN® i ENDOMETRION®; selektivni modulatori receptora estrogena (SERM), kao što su raloksifen, droloksifen, CP-336, 156 (Pfizer) i lasofoksifen; inhibitori katepsina K; te ATP inhibitori protonske pumpe.
Predmetni spojevi su također korisni u kombinaciji s poznatim anti-kancerogenim agensima. Ti agensi uključuju i sljedeće: modulatori receptora estrogena, modulatori receptora androgena, modulatori retionoidnih receptora, citotoksički agensi, antiprofilerativni agensi, inhibitori prenil-protein transferaze, inhibitiori HMG-CoA reduktaze, inhibitori HIV proteaze, inhibitori reverzne transkriptaze, te drugi inhibitiori angiogeneze.
“Modulatori receptora estrogena” odnose se na spojeve koji ometaju ili inhibiraju vezivanje estrogena na receptor, bez obzira na mehanizam. Primjeri modulatora receptora estrogena uključuju, ali nisu ograničeni na, tamoksifen, raloksifen, idoksifen, LY353381, LY117081, toremifen, fulvestrant, 4-[7-(2,2-dimetil-1-oksopropoksi-4-metil-2-[4-[2-(1-piperidinil)etoksi]fenil]-2H-1-benzopiran-3-il]-fenil-2,2-dimetilpropanoat,4,4’-dihidroksibenzofenon-2,4-dinitrofenilhidrazon i SH646.
“Modulatori receptora androgena” odnose se na spojeve koji ometaju ili inhibiraju vezivanje androgena na receptor, bez obzira na mehanizam. Primjeri modulatora receptora estrogena uključuju finasterid i druge inhibitore 5α-reduktaze, nilutamid, flutamid, bicalutamid, lirazol, i abirateron acetat.
“Modulatori retinoidnih receptora” odnose se na spojeve koji ometaju ili inhibiraju vezivanje retinoida na receptor, bez obzira na mehanizam. Primjeri modulatora receptora retinoida uključuju beksaroten, tretinoin, 13-cis-retinska kiselina, 9-cis-retinska kiselina, α-difluorometilornitin, ILX23-7553, trans-N-(4’-hidroksifenil)retinamid, N-4-karboksifenil retinamid.
“Citotoksički agensi” odnose se na spojeve koji izazivaju smrt stanica prvenstveno interferencijom direktno na funkcioniranje stanice ili inhibiraju ili ometaju staničnu mitozu, uključujući alkilirajuće agense, faktore nekroze tumora, interkalatore, inhibitiore mikrotubulina i inhibitore topizomeraze.
Primjer citotoksičkih agensa uključuju, ali se ne ograničavaju na tirapazimin, sertenef, cachectin, ifosfamid, tasonermin, lonidamin, karboplatin, altretamin, prednimustin, diboromodulcitol, ranimustin, fotemustin, nedaplatin, oksaliplatin, temozolomid, heptaplatin, estramustin, improsulfan tosilat, trofosfamid, nimustin, dibrospidium klorid, pumitepa, lobaplatin, satraplatin, profiromicin, cisplatin, irofulven, deksifosfamid, cis-amindikloro(2-metilpiridin) platina, benzilguanin, glufosfamid, GPX 100, (trans, trans, trans)-bis-mu-(heksan-1,6-diamin)-mu-[diamin-platina(II)]bis[diamin(kloro)platina(II)]tetraklorid, diarizidinilspermin, arsen trioksid, 1-(11-dodecilamino-10-hidroksiundecil)-3, 7-dimetilksantin, zorubicin, idarubicin, bisantren, mitoksantron, pirarubicin, pinafid, valrubicin, amrubicin, anineoplaston, 3’-deamino-3’-morfolino-13-deokso-10-hidroksikarbominomicin, anamicin, galarubicin, elinafid, MEN10755 i 4-demetoksi-3-deamino-3-aziridinil-4-metilsulfonil-daunorubicin.
Primjer mikrotubulin inhibitora uključuju paclitaksel, vindesin sulfat, 3’,4’-didehidro-4’-deoksi-8’-norvincaleukoblastin, docetaksol, rizoksin, dolastatin, mivobulin izetionat, auristatin, cemadotin, RPR109881, BMS184476, vinflunin, kriptoficin, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoro-N-(3-fluoro-4-metoksifenil benzen sulfonamid, anhidrovinblastin, N, N-dimetil-L-valil-N-metil-L-valil-L-prolil-L-prolin-t-butilamid, TDX258 i BMS188797.
Neki primjeri inhibitora topoizomeraze su topotecan, hikaptamin, irinotecan, rubitecan, 6-etoksipropionil-3’,4’-O-ekso-benziliden-kartreusin, 9-metoksi-N, N-dimetil-5-nitropirazolo[3,4,5-kl]akridin-2-(6H)propanamin, 1-amino-9-etil-5-fluoro-2, 3-dihidro-9-hidroksi-4-metil-1H, 2H-benzo[de]pirano[3’,4’:b,7]indolizino[1, 2b]kvinolin-10,13(9H, 15H)dion, lurototecan, 7-[2-(N-izopropilamino)etil]-(20S)camptotecin, BNP1350, BNPI 1100, BN80915, BN80942, etoposid fosfat, teniposid, sobuzoksan, 2'’dimetilamino-2'’deoksi-etoposid, GL331, N-[2-(dimetilamino)etil]-9-hidroksi-5,6-dimetil-6H-pirido[4,3-b]karbazol-1-karboksamid, asulacrin, (5a,5aB,8aa,9b)-9-[2-[N-[1-(dimetilamino)etil]-N-metilamino]etil]-5-[4-hidroksi-3, 5-dimetoksifenil]-5,5a,6,8,8a,9-heksohidrofuro(3’,4’: 6,7)nafto(2,3-d)-1,3-dioksol-6-on, 2,3-(metilendioksi)-5-metil-7-hidroksi-8-metoksibenzo[c]-fenantridinium, 6,9-bis[(2-aminoetil)amino]benzo[g]izogvinolin-5,10-dion, 5-(3-aminopropilamino)-7,10-dihidroksi-2-(2-hidroksietilaminometil)-6H-pirazolo[4,5,1–de]acridin-6-on, N-[1-[2(dietilamino)etilamino]-7-metoksi-9-okso-9H-tioksanten-4-ilmetil]formamid, N-(2-(dimetilamino)etil)akridin-4-karboksamid, 6-[[2-(dimetilamino)etil]amino]-3-hidroksi-7H-indeno[2,1-c]kvinolin-7-on i dimesna.
“Antiproliferativni agensi” uključuju nasuprotne RNA i DNA oligonukleotide kao što su G3139, ODN698, RVASKRAS, GEM231 i INX3001, kao i antimetabolite kao enocitabin, carmofur, tegafur, pentostatin, doksifluridin, trimetreksat, fludarabin, capecitabin, galocitabin, citarabin ocfosfat, fosteabin natrij hidrat, ralitreksed, paltitreksid, emitefur, tiazofurin, decitabin, nolatreksed, pemetreksed, nelzarabin, 2’-deoksi-2’-metilidencitidin, 2’-fluorometilen-2-deoksicitidin, N-[5-(2,3-dihidro-benzofuril)sulfonil]-N’-(3,4-diklorofenil) urea, N6-[4-deoksi-4-[N2-[2(E),4(E)-tetradekadienoil]glikamino]-L-glicero-B-L-mano-heptopiranosil]adenin, aplidin, ecteinascidin, troksacitabin, 4-[2-amino-4-okso-4, 6, 7, 8-tetrahidro-3H-pirimidino[5,4 - b][1,4]tiazin-6-il-(S)-etil]-2,5-tienoil-L-glutaminska kiselina, aminopterin, 5-fluoroacil, alanosin, 11-acetil-8-(karbamoiloksimetil)-4-formil-6-metoksi-14-oksa-1, 11-diazatetraciklo(7.4.1.0.0)-tetradeka-2,4,6-trien-9-il octeni kiseli ester, swainsonin, lometreksol, deksrazoksan, metinoninaza, 2’-ciano-2’-deoksi-N4-palmitoil-1-B-D-arabino furanosil citozin, i 3-aminopiridin-2-karboksaldehid tiosemikarbazon. “Antiproliferativni agensi” također uključuju monoklonalna antitijela na faktore rasta, pored onih navedenih pod “inhibitorima angiogeneze”, kao što su trastuzumab, te geni supresori tumora, kao p53, koji se može davati putem rekombinantnog, virus-posredovanog genetskog transfera (vidjeti U.S. Patent Br. 6,069,124 na primjer).
“Inhibitori HMG-CoA reduktaze” odnose se na inhibitore 3-hidroksi-3-metilglutaril-CoA reduktaze. Spojevi koji maju inhibitornu aktivnost prema HMG-CoA reduktazi mogu se lako odrediti koristeći testove koji su poznati stručnim osobama. Na primjer, vidjeti testove opisane ili navedene u U.S. Patentu 4,231,938 kol. 6 i WO 84/02131 na str. 30-33. Izrazi “Inhibitor HMG-CoA reduktaze” i “HMG-CoA reduktaze inhibitor ” imaju isto značenje u ovom tekstu.
Primjeri inhibitora HMG-CoA reduktaze koji se mogu koristiti uključuju, ali nisu ograničeni na, lovastatin (MEVACOR®, vidjeti U.S. Patent Br. 4,231,938; 4,294,926; 4,319,039), simvastatin (ZOCOR®, vidjeti U.S. Patent Br. 4,444,784; 4,820,850; 4,916,239), pravastatin (PRAVACHOL®, vidjeti U.S. Patent Br. 4,346,227; 4,537,859; 4,410,629; 5,030,447 i 5,180,589), fluvastatin (LESCOL®, vidjeti U.S. Patent Br. 5,354,772; 4,911,165; 4,929,437; 5,189,164; 5,118,853; 5,290,946, 5,356,896), atrovastatin (LIPITOR®, vidjeti U.S. Patent Br. 5,273,995; 4,681,893; 5,489,691; 5,342,952), i cerivastatin (također poznat i kao rivastatin i BAYCHOL®, vidjeti U.S. Patent Br. 5,177,080). Strukturne formule ovih i drugih inhibitora HMG-CoA reduktaze koji se mogu koristiti u predmetnom izumu opisani su na stranici 87 M. Yalpani “Cholesterol Lowering Drugs”, Chemistry & Industry, str. 85 - 89 (5. veljače 1996) i U.S. Patent Br. 4,782,084 i 4,885,314. Izraz inhibitor HMG-CoA reduktaze kako je ovdje korišten uključuje sve farmaceutski prihvatljive laktone i i otvorene-kiselinske oblike (t.j. tamo gdje je laktonski prsten otvoren da formira slobodnu kiselinu) kao i soli i estere spojeva koji imaju inhibitornu aktivnost prema HMG-CoA reduktazi, te je i korištenje takvih soli, etera, otvorenih-kiselina i laktona uključeno u obujam ovoga izuma. Ilustracija laktonskog dijela i odgovarajućeg oblika otvorene-kiseline prikazan je dolje kao strukture I i II.
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Kod inhibitora H;G-CoA reduktaze gdje postoji oblik s otvorenom kiselinom, soli i esteri se poželjno formiraju od otvorenih-kiselina, te su svi takvi oblici obuhvaćeni značenjem izraza “inhibitori HMG-CoA reduktaze” kako je ovdje korišten. Poželjno je da je inhibitor HMG-CoA reduktaze izabran od lovastatina i simvastatina, najpoželjnije simvastatin. U tekstu izraz “farmaceutski prihvatljive soli” u odnosu na inhibitore HMG-CoA reduktaze označava ne-toksične soli spojeva korištenih u ovom izumu, koje se općenito pripravljaju reakcijom slobodne kiseline s odgovarajućom organskom ili anorganskom lužinom, naročito onima formiranim od kationa, kao što su natrij, kalij, aluminij, kalcij, litij, magnezij, cink i tetrametilamonij, kao i soli formiranih od amina kao što su amonij, etilenediamin, N-metilglukamin, lizin, arginin, ornitin, kolin, N, N’-dibenziletilenediamin, kloroprokain, dietanolamin, prokain, N-benzilfenetilamin, 1-p-klorobenzil-2-pirolidin-1’-il-metilbenzimidazol, dietilamin, piperazin, i tris(hidroksimetil) aminometan. Daljnji primjeri soli inhibitora HMG-CoA reduktaze mogu uključivati, ali nisu ograničeni na, acetate, benzensulfonate, benzoate, bikarbonate, bisulfat, bitartarate, borate, bromide, kalcij edetate, kamsilate, karbonate, kloride, klavulanate, citrate, dihidrokloride, edetate, edisilate, estolate, esilate, fumarate, gluceptate, glukonate, glutamate, glikolilarsanilate, heksilresorcinate, hidrabamine, hidrobromide, hidrokloride, hidrokisnaftoate, jodide, izotionate, laktate, laktobionate, laurate, malate, maleate, mandelate, mesilate, metilsulfat, mucate, napsilate, nitrate, oleate, oksalate, pamoate, palmitate, pantotenate, fosfate/difosfate, poligalakturonate, salicilate, stearate, subacetate, sukcinate, tanate, tartarate, teoklate, tosilate, trietiodide i valerate.
Esterni derivati opisanih inhibitora HMG-CoA reduktaze mogu djelovati kao prolijekovi koji se nakon apsorpcije u krvi toplokrvnih životinja, mogu cijepati u takvom obliku da oslobode formu lijeka i omoguće lijeku povećanu terapijsku efikasnost.
“Inhibitor prenil-protein transferaze” odnosi se na spoj koji inhibira samo jednu ili bilo koju kombinaciju enzima prenil-protein transferaze, uključujući farnesiil-protein transferaze (FPTaze), geranilgeranil-protein transferaze tipa I (GGPTaze-I) i geranilgeranil-protein transferaze tipa-II (GGPT-aze-II, također poznate kao Rab GGPTaze). Primjeri inhibitora prenil-protein transferaze uključuju (+-)-6-[amino(4-klorofenil)(1-metil-1H-imidazol-5-il)metil]-4-(3-klorofenil)-1-metil-2(1H)-kvinolinon, (-)-6-[amino(4-klorofenil)(1-metil-1H-imidazol-5-il)metil]-4-(3-klorofenil)-1-metil-2(1H)-kvinolinon, (+)-6-[amino(4-klorofenil)(1-metil-1H-imidazol-5-il)metil]-4-(3-klorofenil)-1-metil-2(1H)-kvinolinon, 5(S)-n-butil-1-(2, 3-dimetilfenil)-4-[1-(4-cijanobenzil)-5-imidazolilmetil]-2-piperazinon, (S)-1-(3-klorofenil)-4-[1-(4-cijanobenzil)-5-imidazolilmetil]-5-[2-(etansulfonil)metil)-2-piperazinon, 5(S)-n-butil-1-(2-metilfenil)-4-[1-(4-cijanobenzil)-5-imidazolilmetil]-2-piperazinon, 1-(3-klorofenil)-4-[1-(4-cijanobenzil)-2-metil-5-imidazolilmetil]-2-piperazinon, 1-(2, 2-difeniletil)-3-[N-(1-(4-cijanobenzil)-1H-imidazol-5-iletil)karbamoil]piperidin, 4-{5-[4-hidroksimetil-4-(4-kloropiridin-2-ilmetil)-piperidin-1-ilmetil]-2-metilimidazol-1-ilmetil}benzonitril, 4-{5-[4-hidroksimetil-4-(3-klorobenzil)-piperidin-1-ilmetil]-2-metilimidazol-1-ilmetil}benzonitril, 4-{3-[4-(2-okso-2H-piridin-1-il)benzil]-3H-imidazol-4-ilmetil}benzonitril, 4-{3-[4-(5-kloro-2-okso-2H-[1, 2’]bipiridin-5’-ilmetil]-3H-imidazol-4-ilmetil}benzonitril, 4-{3-[4-(2-okso-2H-[1, 2’]bipiridin-5’-ilmetil]-3H-imidazol-4-ilmetil}benzonitril, 4-{3-(2-okso-1-fenil-1, 2-dihidropiridin-4-ilmetil)-3H-imidazol-4-ilmetil}benzonitril, 18, 19-dihidro-19-okso-5H, 17H-6, 10: 12, 16-dimeteno-1H-imidazo[4, 3-c][1, 11, 4]dioksazaciklo-nonadecin-9-karbonitril, (+-)-19, 20-dihidro-19-okso-5H, 18, 21-etano-12, 14-eteno-6, 10-meteno-22H-benzo[d]imidazo[4, 3-k][1, 6, 9,12]oksatriaza-ciklooktadecin-9-karbonitril, 19, 20-dihidro-19-okso-5H, 17H-18, 21-etano-6, 10: 12, 16-dimeteno-22H-imidazo[4, 3-h][1, 8, 11, 14]oksatriazacikloeikosin-9-karbonitril, i (+-)19, 20-dihidro-3-metil-19-okso-5H, 18, 21-etano-12, 14-eteno-6, 10-meteno-22H-benzo[d]imidazo[4, 3-k][1, 6, 9, 12]oksa-triazaciklooktadecin-9-karbonitril.
Drugi primjeri inhibitora prenil-protein transferaze mogu se naći u sljedećim publikacijama i patentima: WO 96/30343, WO 97/18813, WO 97/21701, WO 97/23478, WO 97/38665, WO 98/28980, WO 98/29119, WO 95/32987, U.S. Pat. Br. 5,420,245, U.S. Pat. Br. 5,523,430 U.S. Pat. Br. 5,532,359, U.S. Pat. Br. 5,510,510, U.S. Pat. Br. 5,589,485, U.S. Pat. Br. 5,602,098, Europski Pat. Publ. 0 618 221, Europski Pat. Publ. 0 675 112, Europski Pat. Publ. 0 604 181, Europski Pat. Publ. 0 696 593, WO 94/19357, WO 95/08542, WO 95/11917, WO 95/12612, WO 95/12572, WO 95/10514, U.S. Pat. Br. 5,661,152, WO 95/10515, WO 95/10516, WO 95/24612, WO 95/34535, WO 95/25086, WO 96/05529, WO 96/06138, WO 96/06193, WO 96/16443, WO 96/21701, WO 96/21456, WO 96/22278, WO 96/24611, WO 96/24612, WO 96/05168, WO 96/05169, WO 96/00736, U.S. Pat. Br. 5,571,792, WO 96/17861, WO 96/33159, WO 96/34850, WO 96/34851, WO 96/30017, WO 96/30018, WO 96/30362, WO 96/30363, WO 96/31111, WO 96/31477, WO 96/31478, WO 96/31501, WO 97/00252, WO 97/03047, WO 97/03050, WO 97/04785, WO 97/02920, WO 97/17070, WO 97/23478, WO 97/26246, WO 97/30053, WO 97/44350, WO 98/02436, i U.S. Pat. Br. 5,532,359. Za primjer uloge inhibitora prenil-protein transferaze kod angiogeneze vidjeti European J. Cancer, Vol. 35, Br. 9, str. 1394 – 1401 (1999).
Primjeri inhibitora HIV proteaze uključuju amprenavir, abacavir, CGP-73547, CGP-61755, DMP-450, indinavir, nelfinavir, tipranavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, ABT-378, AG 1776 i BMS-232,632. Primjeri inhibitora reverzne transkriptaze uključuju delaviridin, efavirenz, GS-840, HB Y097, lamivudin, nevirapin, AZT, 3TC, ddC, i ddI.
“Inhibitori angiogeneze” odnosi se na spojeve koji inhibiraju formiranje novih krvnih sudova, bez obzira na mehanizam. Primjeri inhibitora angiogeneze uključuju, ali nisu ograničeni na, inhibitori tirozin kinaze, kao što su inhibitori receptora tirozin kinaze Flt-1 (VEGFR1) i Flk-1/KDR (VEGFR20), inhibitori faktora rasta epidermalno derivirani, derivirani iz fibroblasta ili trombocita, inhibitori MMP (matrična metaloproteaza), integrin blokatori, interferon-α, interleukin-12, pentosan polisulfat, inhibitori ciklooksigenaze, uključujući ne-steroidne protuupalne (NSAIDi) kao što su aspirin, i ibuprofen, kao i izabrane inhibitore ciklooksigenaze-2 kao što su ceelcoksib i rofecoksib (PNAS, Vol. 89, str. 7384 (1992); JNCI, Vol. 69, str. 475 (1982); Arch. Opthalmol., Vol. 108, str. 573 (1990); Anat. Rec., Vol. 238, str. 68 (1994); FEBS Letters, Vol. 372, str. 83 (1995); Clin. Orthop. Vol. 313, str. 76 (1995); J. Mol.Endocrinol.,Vol.16, str.107 (1996); Jpn. J. Pharmacol., Vol.75, str. 105. (1997), Cancer Res., Vol. 57, str. 1625 (1997); Cell, Vol. 93, str. 705 (1998); Intl. J. Med., Vol. 2, str. 715 (1998); J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 274, str. 9‚116 (1999)), karboksiamidotriazol, kombrestatin -4, squalamin, 6-O-kloroacetil-karbonil)-fumagilol, talidomid, angiostatin, troponin-1, angiostetin II antagonisti (vidjeti Fernandez i dr., J. Lab. Clin. Med. 105:141 -145 (1985)), te antitijela na VEGF. (vidjeti Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 17, str. 963 - 968 (listopad 1999); Kim i dr., Nature, 362, 841 – 844 (1993)).
Drugi primjeri inhibitora angiogeneze uključuju, ali nisu ograničeni na, endostation, ukrain, ranpirnase, IM862, 5-metoksi-4-[2-metil-3-(3-metil-2-butenil)oksiranil]-1-oksaspiro[2,5]okt-6-il(kloroacetil)karbamat, acetildinanalin, 5-amino-1-[[3,5-dikloro-4-(4-klorobenzoil)fenil]metil]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-karboksamid, CM101, squalamin, combrestatin, RPI4610, NX31838, sulfatni manopentozni fosfat, 7,7-(karbonil-bis[imino-N-metil-4,2-pirolokarbonilimino[N-metil-4,2-pirol]karbonilimino]-bis-(1,3-naftalen disulfonat) i 3-[(2,4-dimetilpirol-5-il)metilen]-2-indolinon (SU5416).
Izraz “blokatori integrina” kako je gore korišten odnosi se na spojeve koji selektivno antagoniziraju, inhibiraju ili ometaju vezivanje fiziološkog liganda na αvβ3 integrin, na spojeve koji selektivno antagoniziraju, inhibiraju ili ometaju vezivanje fiziološkog liganda na αvβ5 integrin, selektivno antagoniziraju, inhibiraju ili oponiraju vezivanje fiziološkog liganda kako na αvβ3 integrin tako i na αvβ5 integrin, te na spojeve koji antagoniziraju, inhibiraju ili ometaju aktivnost pojedinih integrina ekspresiranih na kapilarnim endotelialnim stanicama. Izraz se također odnosi na antagoniste αvβ6, αvβ8, α1β1, α2β1, α5β1, α6β1, i α6β4 integrina. Izraz se također odnosi na antagoniste bilo koje kombinacije od αvβ3, αvβ5, αvβ6, αvβ8, α1β1, α2β1, α5β1, i α6β1 i α6β4 integrina.
Neki specifični primjeri inhibitora tirozin kinaze uključuju N-(trifluorometilfenil)-5-metiloksazol-4-karboksamid, 3-[(2,4-dimetilpirol-5-il)metilidenil)indolin-2-on, 17-(alilamino)-17-demetoksigeldanamicin, 4-(3-kloro-4-fluorofenilamino)-7-metoksi-6-[3-(4-morfolinil)propoksil]kvinazolin, N-(3-etinilfenil)-6, 7-bis(2-metoksietoksi)-4-kvinazolinamin, BIBX1382, 2,3,9,10,11,12-heksahidro-10-(hidroksimetil)-10-hidroksi-9-metil-9, 12-epoksi-1H-diindolo-[1,2,3-fg:3’,2’,2’,1’–kl]pirolo[3,4-i][1,6]benzodiazocin-1-on, SH268, genistein, STI 571, CEP2563, 4-(3-klorofenilamino)-5, 6-dimetil-7H-pirolo[2,3-d]pirimidin metan sulfonat, 4-(3-bromo-4-hidroksifenil)amino-6,7-dimetoksikvinazolin, 4-(4’-hidroksifenil)amino-6,7-dimetoksikvinazolin, SU6668, STI571A, N-4-klorofenil-4-(4-piridilmetil)-1-ftalazinamin i EMD121974.
Predmetni spojevi su također korisni, sami ili u kombinaciji s antagonistima trombocitnih fibrinogen receptora (GP IIb/IIIa), kao što je tirofiban za inhibiranje metastaziranja kanceroznih stanica. Tumorske stanice mogu aktivirati trombocite uglavnom preko generriranja trombina. Ova aktivacija vezana je za oslobađanje VEGF. Oslobađanje VEGF potiče metastazu povećanjem ekstravazalnih točaka adhezije na vaskularni endotel (Amirkhosravi, Platelets 10, 285-292, 1999). Stoga, predmetni spojevi mogu služiti za inhibiranje metastaza, sami ili u kombinaciji s GP IIb/IIIa) antagonistima. Primjeri drugih antagonista fibrinogen receptora uključuju abciximab, eptifibatid, sibrafiban, lamifiban, lotrafiban, cromofiban, i CT50352.
Ako su formulirani kao fiksna doza, takvi kombinirani produkti koriste spojeve predmetnog izuma unutar opsega doza dolje opisanih i druge farmaceutski aktivne agense unutar odobrenog opsega doza. Spojevi predmetnog izuma mogu alternativno biti korišteni sekvencijalno sa znanim farmaceutski prihvatljivim agensima kada je kombinacijska formulacija neprikladna.
Izraz "davanje" i njegove varijante u odnosu na spoj ovog izuma znači uvođenje spoja ili prolijeka spoja u sistem životinje kojoj je liječenje potrebno. Kada se daje spoj predmetnog izuma ili njegov prolijek u kombinaciji s jednim ili više drugih aktivnih agensa (npr., citotoksički agens, itd.), "davanje" i njegove varijante razumije se da uključuju istovremeno i sekvencijalno uvođenje njegovog spoja ili prolijeka i drugih agensa.
Kako je ovdje korišten, izraz "pripravak" obuhvaća produkt koji sadrži specificirane sastojke u specificiranim količinama, kao i svaki produkt koji rezultira, direktno ili indirektno, od kombinacije specificiranih sastojaka u specificiranim količinama.
Izraz "terapijski efektivne količine" kako je ovdje korišten označava količinu aktivnog spoja ili farmaceutskog agensa koji izaziva biološki ili medicinski odgovor u tkivu, sistemu, životinji ili čovjeku kakav istraživač, veterinar, liječnik ili drugi kliničari očekuju.
Izraz “liječenje raka” odnosi se na davanje sisavcu koji pati od kancerogene bolesti, i odnosi se na efekt koji ublažava kancerogeno stanje ubijanjem kancerogenih stanica, ali također i na efekt koji rezultira inhibicijom rasta i/ili metastaza raka.
Predmetni izum također obuhvaća farmaceutski sastav koristan u liječenju raka, koji se sastoji od davanja terapeutski efektivne količine spojeva predmetnog izuma, sa ili bez farmaceutski prihvatljivog nosača ili otapala. Pogodni sastavi predmetnog izuma uključuju vodene otopine, koje sadrže spojeve predmetnog izuma i farmakološki prihvatljive nosače, npr., slane otopine, s pH npr., 7.4. Otopina može biti uvedena u krvotok pacijenta lokalnom bolus injekcijom.
Kada se spoj predmetnog izuma daje ljudskom subjektu, dnevne doze normalno određuje liječnik, pri čemu doza varira prema starosti, težini, i odgovoru pojedinog pacijenta, kao i ozbiljnosti simptoma.
U jednoj primjernoj aplikaciji, pogodna količina spoja daje se sisavcu koji se liječi od raka. Daju se količine između oko 0.1 mg/kg tjelesne težine do oko 60 mg/kg tjelesne težine po danu, poželjno između 0.5 mg/kg tjelesne težine do oko 40 mg/kg tjelesne težine po danu.
TESTOVI
Spojevi predmetnog izuma opisani u Primjerima testirani su kako je dolje opisano i nađeno je da imaju inhibitornu aktivnost na kinaze. Drugi testovi poznati su u literaturi i mogli bi biti lako izvedeni od strane stručnih osoba. (vidjeti, na primjer, Dhanabal i dr., Cancer Res. 59:189-197; Xin i dr., J. Biol. Chem. 274:9116-9121; Sheu i dr., Anticancer Res. 18:4435-4441; Ausprunk i dr., Dev. Biol. 38:237-248; Gimbrone i dr., J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 52:413-427; Nicosia i dr., In Vitro 18:538-549).
I. TEST VEGF receptorA kinaZe
Aktivnost VEGF receptora kinaze mjeri se inkorporiranjem radio-obilježenog fosfata u poliglutaminsku kiselinu, tirozin, 4:1 (pEY) supstrat. Fosforilirani pEY produkt je uhvaćen na filtersku membranu i inkorporacija radio-obilježenog fosfata kvantificirana scintilacijskim prebrojavanjem.
MateriJalI
VEGF receptor kinaze
Intracelularne domene tirozin kinaze ljudskog KDR (Terman, B.I. i dr. Oncogene (1991) vol. 6, pp. 1677-1683.) i Flt-1 (Shibuya, M. i dr. Oncogene (1990) vol. 5, pp. 519-524) klonirane su kao glutation S-transferaze (GST) genskih fuzijskih proteina. Ovo je postignuto kloniranjem citoplazmatske domene KDR- kinaze kao fuziju na okviru, na karboksi kraju GST gena. Topivi rekombinantni fuzijski proteini domene GST-kinaze su ekspresirani u Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf21) stanici insekta (Invitrogen) koristeći bakulovirus ekspresijski vektor (pAcG2T, Pharmingen).
Drugi materijali korišteni i njihovi sastavi bili su kako slijedi:
Pufer za liziranje: 50 mM Tris pH 7.4, 0.5 M NaCl, 5 mM DTT, 1 mM EDTA, 0.5% triton X-100, 10 % glicerol, po 10 mg/mL leupeptina, pepstatina, aprotinina i 1mM fenilmetilsulfonil fluorida (sve Sigma).
Pufer za ispiranje: 50 mM Tris pH 7.4, 0.5 M NaCl, 5 mM DTT, 1 mM EDTA, 0.05% triton X-100, 10 % glicerol, po 10 mg/mL leupeptina, pepstatina, aprotinina i 1mM fenilmetilsulfonil fluorida.
Pufer za dijalizu: 50 mM Tris pH 7.4, 0.5 M NaCl, 5 mM DTT, 1 mM EDTA, 0.05% triton X-100, 50 % glicerol, po 10 mg/mL leupeptina, pepstatina, aprotinina i 1mM fenilmetilsuflonil fluorida.
10 X reakcijski pufer: 200 mM Tris, pH 7.4, 1.0 M NaCl, 50 mM MnCl2, 10 mM DTT i 5 mg/mL telećeg serumskog albumina (Sigma).
Enzimski dilucijski pufer: 50 mM Tris, pH 7.4, 0.1 M NaCl, 1 mM DTT, 10 % glicerol, 100 mg/mL BSA.
10 X Supstrat: 750 µg/mL poli (glutaminska kiselina, tirozin; 4:1) (Sigma).
Otopina za zaustavljanje reakcije: 30% triklorooctena kiselina, 0.2 M natrij pirofosfata (oba Fisher).
Otopina za ispiranje: 15% triklorooctena kiselina, 0.2 M natrij pirofosfata.
Filter pločice: Millipore #MAFC NOB, GF/C staklena fiber posuda s 96 jažica.
MetodA
A. Pročišćavanje proteina
1. Sf21 stanice su zaražene rekombinantnim virus na mjestu infekcije s 5 virusnih čestica/ stanica i uzgojene na 27°C u trajanju 48 sati.
2. Svi koraci su izvođeni na 4ºC. Zaražene stanice su izdvojene centrifugiranjem na 1000 X g i lizirani na 4°C u trajanju 30 minuta sa 1/10 volumnena pufera za liziranje, praćeno centrifugiranjem na 100,000X g u trajanju 1 sat. Supernatant je zatim pušten preko glutation Sefaroza kolone (Pharmacia) ekvilibrirane u puferu za liziranje, te ispran sa 5 volumena istog pufera, praćeno s 5 volumena pufera za ispiranje. Rekombinantni GST-KDR protein je elutiran s puferom za ispiranje/10 mM reduciranog glutationa (Sigma) i dijaliziran uz pufer za dijalizu.
B. Test VEGF receptor kinaze
1. Dodati 5 µl inhibitora ili kontrole u test u 50% DMSO.
2. Dodati 35 µl reakcijske smjese s 5 µl 10 X reakcijskog pufera, 5 µl 25 mM ATP/10 µCi [33P]ATP (Amersham), i 5 µl 10 X supstrata.
3. Započeti reakciju dodavanjem 10 µl KDR (25 nM) u enzimskom dilucijskom puferu.
4. Mješati i inkubirati na sobnoj temperaturi u trajanju 15 minuta.
5. Zaustaviti dodavanjem 50 µl stop otopine.
6. Inkubirati u trajanju 15 minuta na 4ºC
7. Prebaciti alikvot 90µl u filter pločicu.
8. Aspirirati i oprati 3 puta otopinom za ispiranje.
9. Dodati 30 µl scintilacijskog koktela, zatvoriti pločicu i brojati u Wallac Microbeta scintilacijskom brojaču.
II. TEST MITOGENEZE LJUDSKIH STANICA ENDOTELIELA PUPČANE VENE
Stanice endoteliela ljudske pupčane vene (HUVEC) u kulturi se razmnožavaju kao odgovor na tretiranje s VEGF i mogu biti korištene kao sistem test za kvantificiranje djelovanja inhibitora KDR kinaze na VEGF stimulaciju. U opisanom testu, nepokretni HUVEC monoslojevi su tretirani s nosačem ili testnim spojem 2 sata prije dodavanja VEGF ili baznog faktora rasta fibroblasta (bFGF). Mitogeni odgovor na VEGF ili bFGF određen je mjerenjem inkorporacije [3H]timidina u stanični DNA.
MATERIJALI
HUVEC: HUVECsmrznut kao izolirana primarna kultura dobiven je od Clonetics Corp. Stanice se održavaju u Endothelial Growth Mediju (EGM; Clonetics) i koriste za mitogene testove opisane u pasusima 3-7 dolje.
Pločice s kulturom: NUNCLON polistirenska pločica s 96-jažica s kulturom tkiva (NUNC #167008).
Test medij: Dulbecco-va modifikacija Eagle medija s 1 g/mL glukoze (low-glucosae DMEM; Mediatech) plus 10% (v/v) fetalnog kravljeg seruma (Clonetics).
Test Spojevi: Radne zalihe testnih spojeva razređuju se serijski u 100% dimetilsulfoksidu (DMSO) u 400-puta više od željene konačne koncentracije. Konačno razrijeđenje u 1X koncentraciju radi se direktno u Test Medij odmah prije dodavanja u stanicu.
10X Faktori rasta: Otopine ljudskog VEGF165 (500 ng/mL; R&D Systems) i bFGF (10 ng/mL; R&D Systems) su pripravljene u Test Mediju.
10X [3H]Timidin: [Metil-3H]timidin (20 Ci/mmol; Dupont-NEN) je razrijeđen do 80 μCi/mL u low-glucosae DMEM.
Medij za ispiranje stanica: Hank balansirana slana otopina (Mediatech) s 1 mg/mL kravljeg serumskog albumina (Boehringer-Mannheim).
Otopina za liziranje stanica: 1 N NaOH, 2% (w/v) Na2CO3.
METODA
1. HUVEC monoslojevi održavani u EGM-u su prikupljeni tripsinizacijom i gusto naneseni 4000 stanica po 100 μL Test Medija po jažici u pločici s 96-jažica. Stanice su zaustavljene u rastu u trajanju 24 sata na 37ºC u ovlaženoj atmosferi s 5% CO2.
2. Medij za zaustavljanje rasta zamjenjen je s 100 μL Test Medija sa nosačem (0.25% [v/v] DMSO) ili željenom konačnom koncentracijom testnog spoja. Sva određivanja vrše se u triplikatu. Stanice su zatim inkubirane na 37ºC sa 5% CO2 u trajanju 2 sata, da se omogući test spojevima da uđu u stanicu.
3. Nakon 2-satnog perioda prethodnog tretmana, stanice se stimuliraju dodavanjem 10/μl jažici Test Medija i 10X VEGF otopine ili 10X bFGF otopine. Stanice se zatim inkubiraju na 37ºC i 5% CO2.
4. Nakon 24 sata u nazočnosti faktora rasta, 10X [3H]timidin (10 μL/jažici) je dodan.
5. Tri dana nakon dodavanja [3H]timidina, medij je uklonjen aspiriranjem, i stanice su isprane dvaput sa medijem za ispiranje stanica (400 μL/jažici praćeno s 200 μL/jažici). Isprane stanice su zatim solubilizirane dodavanjem otopine za liziranja stanica (100 μL/well) i zagrijavanjem na 37ºC u trajanju 30 minuta. Stanični lizati su prebačeni u 7-mL staklene scintilacijske epruvete s 150 μL vode. Scintilacijski koktel (5 mL/epruveta) je dodan, stanična radioaktivnost određena tekućom scintilacijskom spektroskopijom.
Na osnovu prethodnih testova spojevi Formule I su inhibitori VEGF i stoga korisni za inhibiciju angiogeneze, kao što je u liječenju očnih bolesti, npr., diajbetičke retinopatije i u liječenju raka, npr., čvrstih tumora. Predmetni spojevi inhibiraju VEGF-stimuliranu mitogenezu ljudskih vaskularnih endothelialnih stanica u kulturi sa IC50 vrijednostima između 0.001 - 5.0 µM. Ovi spojevi također pokazuju selektivnost u odnosu na srodne tirozin kinaze (npr., FGFR1 i Src familije; za odnose između Src kinaza i VEGFR kinaza, vidjeti Eliceiri i dr., Molecular Cell, Vol. 4, pp.915-924, prosinac 1999).
PRIMJERI
Navedeni primjeri trebaju pomoći u daljem razumijevanju predmetnog izuma. Specifični materijali koji su korišteni, vrste i uvjeti su ilustracija predmetnog izuma i ne ograničavaju njegov razuman opseg.
L-834,944
SHEMA 1
[image]
2-kloro-3-jodo-kvinolin (1-2)
Otopina 3-(2-kloro)-kvinolinboronske kiseline (1-1, 5.05 g, 24.3 mmol, 1 ekviv., pripravljene po metodi Marsais, F; Godard,.; Queguiner, G. J. Heterocyclic Chem. 1989, 26, 1589-1594) i N-jodosukcinimida (5.48 g, 24.4 mmol, 1.00 ekviv.) u acetonitrilu (300 mL) je mješana na 23°C u mraku u trajanju 20 h. Reakcijska smjesa je ukoncentrirana do suha, te je rezultirajuća žuta krutina odijeljena između zasićene vodene otopine natrij bikarbonata i diklorometana.organski sloj je ispran vodom, zatim osušen preko magnezij sulfata i ukoncentriran da se dobije 2-kloro-3-jodo-kvinolin kao blijedo žuta krutina. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.67 (s, 1H), 7.99 (br d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.75 (br t, 1H, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.72 (br d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.57 (br t, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz).
5-(terc-butil-dimetil-silaniloksi)-1H-indol (1-4)
Otopina 5-hidroksiindole 1-3 (5.50 g, 41.3 mmol, 1 ekviv.), terc-butildimetilsilil klorida (7.47 g, 49.6 mmol, 1.20 ekviv.), i imidazola (7.03 g, 103 mmol, 2.50 ekviv.) u N, N-dimetilformamidu (20 mL) je mješana na 23°C u trajanju 20 h. Reakcijska smjesa je ukoncentrirana, i ostatak je odjeljen između etil acetata i vode. Organski sloj je ispran vodom (3x), zatim osušen preko magnezij sulfata i ukoncentriran. Ostatak je pročišćen brzom kromatografijom na koloni (40% diklorometan u heksanu, zatim 60% diklorometana u heksanu) da se dobije 5-(terc-butil-dimetil-silaniloksi)-1H-indol kao bezbojno ulje koji je stajanjem postalo krutina. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.00 (br s, 1H), 7.22 (d, 1H, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.17 (t, 1H, J = 2.8 Hz), 7.06 (d, 1H, J = 2.3 Hz), 6.76 (dd, 1H, J = 8.6, 2.3 Hz), 6.44 (m, 1H), 1.00 (s, 9H), 0.19 (s, 6H).
5-(terc-butil-dimetil-silaniloksi)-indol-1-karboksilna kiselina terc-butil ester (1-5)
Otopina 5-(terc-butil-dimetil-silaniloksi)-1H-indola 1-4 (10.2 g, 41.3 mmol, 1 ekviv.), di-terc-butil dikarbonata (14.4 g, 66.0 ekviv., 1.60 ekviv.), i 4-dimetilaminopiridina (1.01 g, 8.25 mmol, 0.200 ekviv.) u diklorometanu (100 mL) je mješana na 23°C, u trajanju 20 h. Reakcijska smjesa je ukoncentrirana, ostatak je pročišćen brzom kromatografijom na koloni (40% diklorometana u heksanu) da se dobije 5-(terc-butil-dimetil-silaniloksi)-indol-1-karboksilna kiselina terc-butil ester (1-5) kao bezbojno ulje. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.96 (br d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.54 (br d, 1H, J = 3.1 Hz), 6.98 (d, 1H, J = 2.4 Hz), 6.83 (dd, 1H, J = 9.0, 2.4 Hz), 6.45 (d, 1H, J = 3.7 Hz), 1.66 (s, 9H), 1.00 (s, 9H), 0.20 (s, 6H).
1-(terc-butoksikarbonil)-5-{[terc-butil(dimetil)silil]oksi}-1H-indol-2-ilboronska kiselina (1-6)
Otopina terc-butillitija u pentanu (1.7 M, 20.7 mL, 35.2 mmol, 1.20 ekviv.) je dodana u otopinu 5-(terc-butil-dimetil-silaniloksi)-indol-1-karboksilne kiseline terc-butil estera (1-5, 10.2 g, 29.3 mmol, 1 ekviv.) u tetrahidrofuranu (100 mL) na – 78°C. Rezultirajuća svjetlo-smeđa otopina mješana je na –78°C u trajanju 30 min, zatim je dodan trimetilborat (6.67 mL, 58.7 mmol, 2.00 ekviv.). Rezultirajuća smjesa je zagrijana do 0°C, zatim osušena sa zasićenom vodenom otopinom amonij klorida (100 mL) i etil etera (200 mL). Vodeni sloj je dobiven zakiseljavanjem s vodenom 10% otopinom kalij hidrogensulfata. Organski sloj je odvojen, zatim ispran slanom otopinom, osušen preko magnezij sulfata, i ukoncentriran. Preostala žuta krutina je triturirana sa heksanima da se dobije 1-(terc-butoksikarbonil)-5-{[terc-butil(dimetil)silil]oksi}-1H-indol-2-ilboronska kiselina (1-6) kao bjeličasta krutina. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.84 (d, 1H, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.37 (s, 1H), 7.01 (d, 1H, J = 2.4 Hz), 6.97 (br s, 2H), 6.88 (dd, 1H, J = 9.0, 2.4 Hz), 1.73 (s, 9H), 1.00 (s, 9H), 0.20 (s, 6H).
terc-butil 5-{[terc-butil(dimetil)silil]oksi}-2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (1-7)
Deoksigenirana smjesa 1-(terc-butoksikarbonil)-5-{[terc-butil(dimetil)silil]oksi}-1H-indol-2-ilboronska kiselina 1-6 (4.10 g, 10.5 mmol, 1 ekviv.), 2-kloro-3-jodo-kvinolin (1-2, 3.64 g, 12.6 mmol, 1.20 ekviv.), kalij fosfat (6.67 g, 31.4 mmol, 3.00 ekviv.), i tetrakis(trifenilfosfin)paladij (0.605 g, 0.524 mmol, 0.050 ekviv.) u dioksanu (100 mL) je zagrijan na 90°C u trajanju 20 h. Reakcijska smjesa je ohlađena, zatim odjeljena između smjese vode i etil acetata. Organski sloj je odvojen, ispran slanom otopinom, osušen preko magnezij sulfata, i ukoncentriran. Ostatak je pročišćen brzom kromatografijom na koloni (20% diklorometan u heksanima, naravnan do 90% diklorometana u heksanima) da se dobije terc-butil 5-{[terc-butil(dimetil)silil]oksi}-2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (1-7) kao tamno-obojenu pjenu. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.16 (s, 1H), 8.15 (d, 1H, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.07 (d, 1H, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.86 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.77 (br t, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.60 (br t, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.03 (d, 1H, J = 2.4 Hz), 6.92 (dd, 1H, J = 9.0, 2.4 Hz), 6.55 (s, 1H), 1.26 (s, 9H), 1.02 (s, 9H), 0.23 (s, 6H).
terc-butil 2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-5-hidroksi-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (1-8)
Otopina terc-butil 5-{[terc-butil(dimetil)silil]oksi}-2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilata 1-7 (2.50 g, 4.91 mmol, 1 ekviv.) i trietilamin trihidrofluorida (3.60 mL, 22.1 mmol, 4.50 ekviv.) u acetonitrilu (100 mL) je mješana na 23°C, u trajanju 20 h. Reakcijska smjesa je ukoncentrirana, ostatak je odjeljen između zasićene vodene otopine natrij bikarbonata i etil acetata. Organski sloj je ispran slanom otopinom, osušen preko magnezij sulfata i ukoncentriran do terc-butil 2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-5-hidroksi-1H-indol-1-karboksilata (1-8) kao tamno obojen pjene. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.18 (d, 1H, J = 9.0 Hz), 8.17 (s, 1H), 8.07 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.86 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.77 (br t, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.61 (br t, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.03 (d, 1H, J = 2.6 Hz), 6.93 (dd, 1H, J = 8.8, 2.6 Hz), 6.55 (s, 1H), 1.26 (s, 9H).
3-[5-(2-piperidin-1-il-etoksi)-1H-indol-2-il]-1H-kvinolin-2-on (1-9)
Smjesa terc-butil 2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-5-hidroksi-1H-indol-1-karboksilata 1-8 (395 mg, 1.00 mmol, 1 ekviv.), 1-(2-kloroetil)-piperidin hidroklorida (276 mg, 1.50 mmol, 1.50 ekviv.), i cezij karbonata (978 mg, 3.00 mmol, 3.00 ekviv.) u N, N-dimetilformamidu (5 mL) je zagrijana do 50°C u trajanju 2 h. Reakcijska smjesa je ukoncentrirana, ostatak je odjeljen između vode i etil acetata. Organski sloj je ispran vodom, zatim slanom otopinom, osušen preko magnezij sulfat, i ukoncentriran da se dobije blijedo-žuta pjena. Pjena je otopljena u 1:1 smjesu vode i octene kiseline (60 mL), a rezultirajuća otopina je zagrijavana do 110°C u trajanju 12 h. Reakcijska smjesa je ukoncentrirana, a ostatak je mješan u vodenoj otopini zasićenog natrij bikarbonata koji je dao tamnu krutinu. Tamna krutina je filtrirana, zatim suspendirana u toplom etanolu (2 x20 mL) i filtrirana da se dobije 3-[5-(2-piperidin-1-il-etoksi)-1H-indol-2-il]-1H-kvinolin-2-on (1-9) kao žuta krutina. Etanolni filtrat je ukoncentriran a ostatak pročišćen brzom kromatografijom na koloni (5% etanola zasićenog amonijem u etil acetatu, da se dobije dodatni 1-9. 1H NMR (400 MHz, (CD3)2SO) δ 12.14 (s, 1H), 11.41 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 7.73 (br d, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.51 (br t, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 1H, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.21 (br s, 1H), 7.06 (br s, 1H), 6.76 (dd, 1H, J = 8.6, 2.2 Hz), 4.06 (t, 2H, J = 5.9 Hz), 2.67 (t, 3H, J = 5.5 Hz), 2.45 (br m, 4H), 1.51 (br m, 4H), 1.39 (br m, 2H).
Spojevi 1-10 do 1-19 dolje i Spojevi 1-20 do 1-55 u Tabeli 1 dolje su pripravljeni jednostavnim modifikacijama protokola opisanih gore. Alkil halidi korišteni u sljedećim primjerima su ili komercijalno raspoloživi ili pripravljeni alkilacijom odgovarajućih amina sa 1-bromo-2-kloroetanom u nazočnosti kalij karbonata u acetonu, po metodi Miyahara, M.; Sueyoshi, S.; Kamiya, S. Chem. Pahrm. Bull. 1985, 33, 5557-5561, ili 1-bromo-3-kloropropana u benzenu po metodi Adams i Whitmore J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 735. U nekim slučajevima, mesilati komercijalno raspoloživih ili pripravljenih alkohola su pripravljeni (MsCl, Et3N) i korišteni umjesto odgovarajućih alkil klorida.
3-[5-(2-pirolidin-1-il-etoksi)-1H-indol-2-il]-1H-kvinolin-2-on (1-10)
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1H NMR (400 MHz, (CD3)2SO) δ 12.14 (s, 1H), 11.41 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 7.73 (br d, 1H, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.51 (br t, 1H, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 1H, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.21 (d, 1H, J = 1.3 Hz), 7.06 (d, 1H, J = 2.2 Hz), 6.76 (dd, 1H, J = 8.6, 2.2 Hz), 4.07 (t, 2H, J = 5.9 Hz), 2.81 (t, 3H, J = 5.9 Hz), 2.55 (br m, 4H), 1.70 (br m, 4H).
3-[5-(2-morfolin-4-il-etoksi)-1H-indol-2-il]-1H-kvinolin-2-on (1-11)
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1H NMR (400 MHz, (CD3)2SO) δ12.15 (s, 1H), 11.42 (s, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 7.73 (br d, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.51 (br t, 1H, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 1H, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.21 (br s, 1H), 7.07 (d, 1H, J = 1.7 Hz), 6.76 (dd, 1H, J = 8.7, 1.8 Hz), 4.09 (t, 2H, J = 5.8 Hz), 3.59 (br t, 4H, J = 4.5 Hz), 2.71 (t, 3H, J = 5.7 Hz), 2.50 (br m, 4H).
3-[5-(3-dimetilamino-2-metil-propoksi)-1H-indol-2-il]-1H-kvinolin-2-on (1-12)
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1H NMR (400 MHz, (CD3)2SO) δ 12.15 (s, 1H), 11.41 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 7.73 (br d, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.51 (br t, 1H, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 1H, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.20 (d, 1H, J = 1.1 Hz), 7.03 (d, 1H, J = 2.0 Hz), 6.76 (dd, 1H, J = 8.8, 2.4 Hz), 3.95 (dd, 1H, J = 9.3, 4.4 Hz), 3.77 (dd, 1H J = 9.2, 6.2 Hz), 2.31 (m, 1H), 2.15 (s, 6H), 2.10 (m, 2H), 1.01 (d, 3H, J = 6.0 Hz).
3-[5-(3-piperidin-1-il-propoksi)-1H-indol-2-il]-1H-kvinolin-2-on (1-13)
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1H NMR (400 MHz, (CD3)2SO) δ12.15 (s, 1H), 11.41 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 7.73 (br d, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.51 (br t, 1H, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 1H, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.21 (br s, 1H), 7.04 (d, 1H, J = 2.1 Hz), 6.76 (dd, 1H, J = 8.7, 2.3 Hz), 3.99 (t, 2H, J = 6.4 Hz), 2.41 (t, 2H, J = 7.1 Hz), 2.34 (br m, 4H), 1.87 (pentet, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.50 (br m, 4H), 1.39 m, 2H).
3-(5-{2-[benzil-(2-metoksi-etil)-amino]-etoksi}-1H-indol-2-il)-1H-kvinolin-2-on (1-14)
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1H NMR (400 MHz, (CD3)2SO) δ 12.15 (s, 1H), 11.41 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 7.73 (br d, 1H, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.51 (br t, 1H, J = 7.1 Hz), 7.40 (d, 1H, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 1H, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 2H, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.32 (br t, 2H, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.20 (d, 1H, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.02 (d, 1H, J = 2.2 Hz), 6.73 (dd, 1H, J = 8.6, 2.2 Hz), 4.05 (t, 2H, J = 6.0 Hz), 3.75 (s, 2H), 3.46 (t, 2H, J = 6.0 Hz), 3.23 (s, 3H), 2.89 (t, 2H, J = 6.2 Hz), 2.74 (t, 2H, J = 6.2 Hz).
3-[5-(2-dietilamino-etoksi)-1H-indol-2-il]-1H-kvinolin-2-on (1-15)
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1H NMR (400 MHz, (CD3)2SO) δ 12.15 (s, 1H), 11.41 (s, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 7.73 (br d, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.51 (br t, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.21 (br s, 1H), 7.05 (d, 1H, J = 2.2 Hz), 6.75 (dd, 1H, J = 8.8, 2.4 Hz), 4.02 (t, 2H, J = 6.4 Hz), 2.79 (t, 2H, J = 6.2 Hz), 2.57 (q, 4H, J = 7.1 Hz), 0.99 (t, 6H, J = 7.1 Hz).
3-{5-[3-(benzil-metil-amino)-propoksi]-1H-indol-2-il}-1H-kvinolin-2-on (1-16)
[image]
1H NMR (400 MHz, (CD3)2SO) δ 12.14 (s, 1H), 11.42 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 7.73 (br d, 1H, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.51 (br t, 1H, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 1H, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.32 (br m, 5H), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.22 (br s, 1H), 7.04 (d, 1H, J = 1.7 Hz), 6.73 (dd, 1H, J = 8.6, 2.2 Hz), 4.03 (br m, 2H), 3.50 (br s, 2H), 2.70 (br m, 2H), 2.16 (br s, 3H), 1.94 (br m, 2H).
1-{2-[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-kvinolin-3-il)-1H-indol-5-iloksi]-etil}-piperidin-4-karbonitril (1-17)
[image]
1H NMR (400 MHz, (CD3)2SO) δ 12.14 (s, 1H), 11.41 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 7.73 (br d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.51 (br t, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J = 7.1 Hz), 7.21 (d, 1H, J = 1.3 Hz), 7.06 (d, 1H, J = 2.2 Hz), 6.76 (dd, 1H, J = 8.6, 2.4 Hz), 4.07 (t, 2H, J = 5.7 Hz), 2.86 (m, 1H), 2.72 (t, 2H, J = 5.7 Hz), 2.67 (m, 2H), 2.41 (m, 2H), 1.87 (m, 2H), 1.72 (m, 2H).
3-{5-[3-(4-metil-piperazin-1-il)-propoksi]-1H-indol-2-il}-1H-kvinolin-2-on (1-18)
[image]
1H NMR (400 MHz, (CD3)2SO) δ 12.15 (s, 1H), 11.41 (s, 1H), 8.49 (s, 1H), 7.72 (br d, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.51 (br t, 1H, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.40 (d, 1H, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 1H, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.20 (br s, 1H), 7.03 (br s, 1H), 6.75 (dd, 1H, J = 8.8, 1.8 Hz), 3.99 (t, 2H, J = 6.4 Hz), 2.44 (t, 3H, J = 7.1 Hz), 2.36 (br m, 8H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 1.87 (m, 2H).
3-[5-(3-morfolin-4-il-propoksi)-1H-indol-2-il]-1H-kvinolin-2-on (1-19)
[image]
1H NMR (400 MHz, (CD3)2SO) δ 12.14 (s, 1H), 11.41 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 7.73 (br d, 1H, J = 7.1 Hz), 7.51 (br t, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.37 (br d, 1H, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.24 (br t, 1H, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.21 (d, 1H, J = 1.5 Hz), 7.04 (d, 1H, J = 2.2 Hz), 6.76 (dd, 1H, J = 8.6, 2.2 Hz), 4.01 (t, 2H, J = 6.4 Hz), 3.58 (t, 4H, J = 4.6 Hz), 2.45 (t, 2H, J = 7.1 Hz), 2.38 (br m, 4H), 1.89 (pentet, 2H, J = 7.0 Hz).
TABELA 1
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[image] [image] [image] [image]
SHEMA 2
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3-(5-{2-[(2-metoksietil)amino]etoksi}-1H-indol-2-il)-2(1H)-kvinolinon (2-1)
10 % Pd/C (840 mg) je dodan u otopinu (150 mL) 3-(5-{2-[Benzil-(2-metoksietil)-amino]-etoksi}-1H-indol-2-il)-2(1H)-kvinolinona, Spoj 1-27, (840 mg, 1.8 mmol) u EtOAc (150 mL), i rezultirajuća smjesa je mješana pod balonom vodika u trajanju 18 h. Katalizator je uklonjen filtracijom i filtrat ukoncentriran u žutu krutinu, koja je pročišćena kromatografijom na koloni silikagela. Eluiranjem s EtOAc do 25 % NH3-EtOH/EtOAc dalo je 3-(5-{2-[(2-metoksietil)amino]etoksi}-1H-indol-2-il)-2(1H)-kvinolinon (2-1) kao žutu krutinu. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.05 (s, 1H), 9.65 (br s, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.67 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.51 (t, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.34 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.29 (t, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.24 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.09 (s, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 6.90 (dd, 1H, J = 8, 2 Hz), 4.15 (t, 2H, J = 5 Hz), 3.55 (t, 2H, J = 5 Hz), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.07 (t, 2H, J = 5 Hz), 2.91 (t, 2H, J = 5 Hz).
3-[5-(2-{(2-metoksietil)[(2-metoksi-5-pirimidinil)metil]amino}etoksi)-1H-indol-2-il]-2(1H)-kvinolinon (2-2)
Otopina 3-(5-{2-[(2-metoksietil)amino]etoksi}-1H-indol-2-il)-2(1H)-kvinolinon 2-1 (150 mg, 0.4 mmol), 2-metoksipirimidin-5-karboksaldehida (110 mg, 0.8 mmol) i natrij triacetoksiborohidrida (168 mg, 0.8 mmol) u DCE (25 mL) je mješana na sobnim uvjetima u trajanju 18 h. Reakcijska smjesa je ukoncentrirana, a ostatak je odjeljen između EtOAc i zasićene NaHCO3 otopine. Organski sloj je ispran slanom otopinom, osušen preko MgSO4 i ukoncentriran. Ostatak je suspendiran u etil eteru uz pomoć sonikacije, zatim filtriran i osušen na zraku da se dobije 3-[5-(2-{(2-metoksietil)[(2-metoksi-5-pirimidinil)metil]amino}etoksi)-1H-indol-2-il]-2(1H)-kvinolinon (2-2) kao žuta krutina. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.05 (s, 1H), 9.60 (s, 1H), 8.53 (s, 2H), 8.33 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.52 (t, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.34 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.27 (t, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.22 (d, 1H, J =8 Hz), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 6.86 (dd, 1H, J = 8, 2 Hz), 4.13 (t, 2H, J = 6 Hz), 4.01 (s, 3H), 3.80 (s, 2H), 3.53 (t, 2H, J = 6 Hz), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.01 (t, 2H, J = 6 Hz), 2.84 (t, 2H, J = 6Hz).
Spojevi 2-3 do 2-12 u Tabeli 2 su pripravljeni jednostavnim modifikacijama protokola koji su opisani gore. Izabrani NMR spektri za 2-3 i 2-4 su kako slijedi: 2-3, 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.05 (s, 1H), 9.65 (s, 1H), 8.54 (dd, 1H, J = 4, 1 Hz), 8.33 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, 1H, J =7 Hz), 7.52 (t, 1H, J =8 Hz), 7.33 (m, 3 H), 7.28 (t, 1H, J =7 Hz), 7.24 (d, 1H, J =8 Hz), 7.03 (d, 1H, J= 2 Hz), 6.96 (d, 1H, J =2 Hz), 6.85 (dd, 1H, J = 8, 2 Hz), 4.13 (t, 2H, J =6 Hz), 3.85 (s, 2H), 3.53 (t, 2H, J = 6 Hz), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.03 (t, 2H, J =6 Hz), 2.86 (t, 2H, J = 6 Hz). 2-4, 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.05 (s,1H), 9.40 (br s, 1H), 8.53 (d, 1H, J = 5 Hz), 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.64 (t, 1H, J = 7 Hz), 7.56 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.51 (t, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.34-7.21 (m, 3H), 7.14 (t, 1H, J = 7 Hz), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.95 (s,1H), 6.85 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 4.14 (t, 2H, J = 6 Hz), 3.99 (s, 2H), 3.55 (t, 2H, J = 6 Hz), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.09 (t, 2H, J = 6 Hz), 2.93 (t, 2H, J = 6 Hz).
TABELA 2
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SHEMA 3
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(2S,4R)-1-[(benziloksi)karbonil]-4-metoksi-2-pirolidinkarboksilna kiselina (3-2)
Natrij hidrid (543 mg, 22.6 mmol, 2.00 ekviv.) je pažljivo dodan u otopinu (2S,4R)-1-[(benziloksi)karbonil]-4-hidroksi-2-pirolidinkarboksilne kiselina (3-1, 3.00 g, 11.3 mmol, 1 ekviv.) u THFu (100 mL) na 0°C, i rezultirajuća smjesa je mješana 20 minuta. Dodan je jodometan (2.11 mL, 33.9 mmol, 3.00 ekviv.), i smjesa je zagrijana do 23°C i mješana 20 h. Reakcijska smjesa je zatim razrijeđena zasićenom otopinim natrij bikarbonata, isprana s etil acetatom (2 x 100 mL). Vodeni sloj je zatim ukiseljen s 1 N HCl otopinom do pH 3 i ekstrahiran etil acetatom (100 mL).Organski sloj je zatim osušen preko natrij sulfata i ukoncentriran da se dobije (2S,4R)-1-[(benziloksi)karbonil]-4-metoksi-2-pirolidinkarboksilna kiselina (3-2) kao blijedo žuto ulje. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) glavni rotamer: δ 7.40-7.25 (br m, 5H), 5.20 (s, 2H), 4.52 (t, 1H, J = 7.4 Hz), 4.00 (m, 1H), 3.67 (dd, 1H, J = 11.4, 2.8 Hz), 3.57 (dd, 1H, J = 11.4, 4.6 Hz), 3.32 (s, 3H), 2.34 (m, 2H).
benzil (2S,4R)-2-(hidroksimetil)-4-metoksi-1-pirolidinkarboksilat (3-3)
Otopina boran-tetrahidrofuran kompleksa u THFu (1M, 53.0 mL, 53.0 mmol, 3.50 ekviv.) je dodana u otopinu (2S,4R)-1-[(benziloksi)karbonil]-4-metoksi-2-pirolidinkarboksilne kiseline (3-2, 4.23 g, 15.1 mmol, 1 ekviv.) u THFu (200 mL) na 0°C. Rezultirajuća smjesa je zagrijana do 23°C i mješana 1 h. Višak borana je pažljivo gašen vodom. Smjesa je zatim odjeljena između 1:1 smjese zasićene otopine natrij karbonata i slane otopine (300 mL) i etil acetata (300 mL). Organski sloj je osušen preko natrij sulfata i ukoncentriran. ostatak je pročišćen brzom kromatografijom na koloni (100% heksan početno, sve do 100% EtOAc) da se dobije benzil (2S,4R)-2-(hidroksimetil)-4-metoksi-1-pirolidinkarboksilat (3-3) kao bezbojno ulje. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) glavni rotamer: δ 7.37-7.25 (br m, 5H), 5.18 (d, 1H, J = 12.4 Hz), 5.13 (d, 1H, J = 12.2 Hz), 4.51 (dd, 1H, J = 8.3, 2.2 Hz), 3.86 (m, 1H), 3.78 (dd, 1H, J = 11.7, 2.2 Hz), 3.72 (br d, 1H, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.61 (ddd, 1H, J = 9.8, 7.4, 2.2 Hz), 3.44 (dd, 1H, J = 12.2, 4.4 Hz), 3.30 (s, 3H), 2.18 (m, 1H), 1.64 (m, 1H).
benzil (2S,4R)-4-metoksi-2-{[(metilsulfonil)oksi]metil}-1-pirolidinkarboksilat (3-4)
Metansulfonil klorid (0.175 mL, 2.26 mmol, 1.2 ekviv.) je dodan u otopinu (2S,4R)-2-(hidroksimetil)-4-metoksi-1-pirolidinkarboksilata (3-3, 0.500 g, 1.88 mmol, 1 ekviv.) i trietilamina (0.394 mL, 2.83 mmol, 1.50 ekviv.) u diklorometanu (30 mL) na 0°C. Rezultirajuća smjesa je zagrijana do 23°C i mješana 1 h. Reakcijska smjesa je odjeljena između zasićene otopine natrij bikarbonata i diklorometana (2 x 40 mL). Kombinirani organski slojevi su osušeni preko natrij sulfata i ukoncentrirani. Ostatak je pročišćen brzom kromatografijom na koloni (100% heksan u početku, sve do 100% EtOAc) da se dobije benzil (2S,4R)-4-metoksi-2-{[(metilsulfonil)oksi]metil}-1-pirolidinkarboksilat (3-4) kao blijedo žuto ulje. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) glavni rotamer: δ 7.37-7.25 (br m, 5H), 5.17 (d, 1H, J = 11.8 Hz), 5.10 (d, 1H, J = 11.8 Hz), 4.65 (dd, 1H, J = 8.3, 3.8 Hz), 4.24 (br m, 2H), 3.95 (m, 1H), 3.68 (br d, 1H, J = 12.0 Hz), 3.45 (dd, 1H, J = 12.0, 4.4 Hz), 3.30 (s, 3H), 2.88 (s, 3H), 2.39 (m, 1H), 2.12 (m, 1H).
terc-butil 5-({(2S,4R)-1-[(benziloksi)karbonil]-4-metoksipirolidinil}metoksi)-2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (3-5)
Smjesa benzil (2S,4R)-4-metoksi-2-{[(metilsulfonil)oksi]metil}-1-pirolidinkarboksilata (3-4, 380 mg, 1.11 mmol, 1 ekviv.), 2-B (437 mg, 1.11 mmol, 1.00 ekviv.), i cezij karbonata (433 mg, 1.33 mmol, 1.20 ekviv.) u DMFu (5.0 mL) je zagrijavana na 70°C 3 h. Reakcijska smjesa je odjeljena između vode i etil acetata (2 x 50 mL). Kombinirani organski slojevi su osušeni preko natrij sulfata i ukoncentrirani. Ostatak je pročišćen brzom kromatografijom na koloni (100% heksan, sve do 40% EtOAc u heksanu) da se dobije terc-butil 5-({(2S,4R)-1-[(benziloksi)karbonil]-4-metoksipirolidinil}metoksi)-2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (3-5). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) glavni rotamer: δ 8.17 (m, 2H), 8.08 (d, 1H, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.87 (br d, 1H, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.78 (t, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.61 (t, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.38-7.22 (br m, 5H), 7.10 (br s, 1H), 6.94 (br m, 1H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 5.17 (br s, 2H), 4.35 (br m, 2H), 4.16 (br m, 2H), 3.60 (br m, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 2.88 (s, 3H), 2.32 (m, 1H), 2.23 (m, 1H).
terc-butil 2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-5-{[(2S,4R)-4-metoksipirolidinil]metoksi}-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (3-6)
Smjesa terc-butil 5-({(2S,4R)-1-[(benziloksi)karbonil]-4-metoksipirolidinil} metoksi)-2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilata (3-5, 295 mg, 0.459 mmol, 1 ekviv.) i 10% paladij na ugljiku (200 mg, 0.188 mmol, 0.410 ekviv.) u etanolu (10 mL) je mješana pod balonom vodika u trajanju 1.5 h. Katalizator je filtriran na filtru celita i ispran etanolom (20 mL). Filtrat je ukoncentriran, ostatak je pročišćen tekućinskom kromatografijom s povratnom fazom (H2O/CH3CN gradient w/ 0.1% TFA nazočan) da se dobije terc-butil 2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-5-{[(2S,4R)-4-metoksipirolidinil]metoksi}-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (3-6). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.41 (s, 1H), 8.23 (d, 1H, J = 9.3 Hz), 8.02 (br t, 2H, J = 7.1 Hz), 7.86 (br t, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.70 (br t, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.25 (d, 1H, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.09 (dd, 1H, J = 9.0, 2.7), 6.73 (s, 1H), 4.45 (m, 1H), 4.23 (br m, 3H), 3.51 (br d, 1H, J = 12.7 Hz), 3.41 (dd, 1H, J = 12.7, 3.4 Hz), 3.40 (s, 3H), 2.47 (m, 1H), 2.06 (m, 1H).
3-(5-{[(2S,4R)-4-metoksipirolidinil]metoksi}-1H-indol-2-il)-2(1H)-kvinolinon (3-7)
Otopina terc-butil 2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-5-{[(2S,4R)-4-metoksipirolidinil]metoksi}-1H-indol-1-karboksilata (6-6, 29 mg, 0.057 mmol) je zagrijavana u 8:1 smjesi octene kiseline i vode (5 mL) na 90°C u trajanju 1.5 h. Reakcijska smjesa je ohlađena i ukoncentrirana, ostatak je pročišćen tekućinskom kromatografijom s povratnom fazom (H2O/CH3CN gradient w/ 0.1% TFA nazočan) da se dobije 3-(5-{[(2S,4R)-4-metoksipirolidinil]metoksi}-1H-indol-2-il)-2(1H)-kvinolinon (3-7) kao žuta krutina. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.45 (s, 1H), 7.75 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.53 (br t, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.38 (d, 1H, J = 8.9 Hz), 7.38 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.29 (br t, 1H, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.19 (s, 1H), 7.17 (d, 1H, J = 2.4 Hz), 6.89 (dd, 1H, J = 8.8, 2.4 Hz), 4.39 (dd, 1H, J = 10.2, 2.8 Hz), 4.25 (m, 1H), 4.20 (m, 1H), 4.14 (m, 1H), 3.49 (dd, 1H, J = 13.9, 6.9 Hz), 3.41 (dd, 1H, J = 12.6, 3.6 Hz), 3.39 (s, 3H), 2.45 (br dd, 1H, J = 13.9, 6.5 Hz), 2.05 (m, 1H).
Spojevi 3-8 do 3-21 u Tabeli 3 su pripravljeni jednostavnim modifikacijama protokola opisanih gore. Za primjere 3-13 do 3-15, (2R,4R)-1-[(benziloksi)karbonil]-4-hidroksi-2-pirolidinkarboksilna kiselina je korištena kao početni materijal. Za primjere 3-17 do 3-19, TBSCl je korišten na mjesto iodometan u prvom koraku sekvenci opisanih u SHEMI 3. Za primjere 3-20 i 3-21, 1-(terc-butoksikarbonil)-4-piperidinkarboksilna kiselina i 1-(terc-butoksikarbonil)-3-piperidinkarboksilna kiselina su korišteni kao početni materijal, respektivno.
Odabrani NMR spektra za 3-8 i 3-9 su kako slijedi: 3-8, 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ11.1 (s, 1H), 9.27 (br s, 1H), 8.62 (s, 2H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.51 (t, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.34 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.29 (t, 1H, J = 7 Hz), 7.19 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.07 (d, 1H, J = 2 Hz), 6.96 (br s, 1H), 6.87 (dd, 1H, J = 8, 2 Hz), 4.25 (d, 1H, J = 14 Hz), 4.05 (m, 2H), 3.94 (m, 1H), 3.58 (d, 1H, J = 14 Hz), 3.36-3.22 (m, 2H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.38 (m, 1H), 2.12 (m, 1H), 1.96 (m, 1H). 3-9, 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.2 (s, 1H), 11.4 (s, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 8.13 (d, 2H, J = 7 Hz), 7.72 (d, 1H, J = 7 Hz), 7.51 (t, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.42-7.32 (m, 4 H), 7.24 (t, 1H, J = 8Hz), 7.20 (s, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.74 (dd, 1H, J = 8, 2 Hz), 4.13 (d, 1H, J =14 Hz), 4.04 (m, 1H), 3.91 (m, 2H), 3.54 (d, 1H, J = 14 Hz), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.13 (m, 2H), 2.31 (m, 1H), 2.01 (m, 1H), 1.86 (m, 1H).
TABELA 3
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SHEMA 4
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1-(2-{[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]oksi}etil)-4-piperidin- karboksilna kiselina etil ester (4-1)
Spoj 4-1 je sintetiziran po protokolu opisanom u SHEMI 1 gore.
1-(2-{[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]oksi}etil)-4-piperidinkarboksilna kiselina (4-2)
1-(2-{[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]oksi}etil)-4-piperidin- karboksilna kiselina etil ester (4-1, 138 mg, 0.30 mmol, 1 ekviv.) je otopljena u MeOH (20 mL). 1 N NaOH (6 mL, 20 ekviv.) je dodan i otopina zagrijvaana na 50°C u trajanju 5 h. Reakcijska smjesa je ukoncentrirana, ostatak je suspendiran u 4 mL vode. Ova suspenzija je neutralizirana s 1 N HCl da se dobije 1-(2-{[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]oksi}etil)-4-piperidinkarboksilna kiselina (4-2) kao žuta krutina. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.45 (s, 1H), 7.74 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.53 (t, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.28 (t, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.19 (s, 1H), 7.16 (s, 1H), 6.88 (dd, 1H, J =9, 2 Hz), 4.34 (t, 2H, J = 5 Hz), 3.53 (m, 2H), 3.47 (m, 2H), 3.07 (m, 2 H), 2.42 (m, 1H), 2.11 (m, 2H), 1.95 (m, 2H).
Spojevi 4-3 do 4-16 u Tabeli 4 su pripravljeni jednostavnim modifikacijama uvjeta hidrolize koji su gore opisani. Odgovarajući ester prekursori su pripravljeni alkilacijskom kemijom analognom onoj opisanoj u SHEMAMA 1 i 3. Odabrani NMR spektri za 4-3 i 4-4 su kako slijedi: 4-3, 1H NMR(400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.44 (s, 1H), 7.74 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.52 (t, 1H, J = 7 Hz), 7.34 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.28 (t, 1H, J = 7 Hz), 7.18 (br s, 1H), 6.92 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 4.36 (t, 2H, J = 5Hz), 3.74 (t, 2H, J = 5 Hz), 3.62 (t, 2H, J = 5 Hz), 3.45 (m, 4H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 2.61 (t, 2H, J = 5 Hz). 4-4, 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.1 (s, 1H), 11.5 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.51 (t, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.42 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.37 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.25 (t, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.21 (s, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.76 (dd, 1H, J = 8, 2 Hz), 4.02 (m, 2H), 3.15- 2.75 (m, 4H), 2.4-1.5 (m, 9H).
TABELA 4
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SHEMA 5
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SHEMA 5 (nastavak)
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(1H-indol-5-il)-metanol (5-2)
U mehanički mješanu otopinu 1H-indol-5-karboksilne kiseline (5-1, 20.01 g, 124 mmol) u THF-u (500 mL) dodana je na sobnoj temperaturi polagano otopina 1M-LAH u toluenu (186 mL, 186 mmol, 1.5 ekviv.). Reakcijska smjesa je zagrijavana na refluksu u trajanju 1 h, gašena ledom, odjeljena između etil acetata i zasićene vodene NaHCO3. Organski sloj je ispran slanom otopinom, odvojen, osušen (MgSO4) i ukoncentriran in vacuo. Sirovi produkt se ukrutio stajanjem pod smanjenim tlakom. Sirova krutina je suspendirana u heksanima (200 mL) i etil acetatu (10 mL), mješana preko noći, sakupljena filtracijom i osušena na zraku da se dobije željeni produkt kao blijedo smeđa krutina. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.24 (br s, 1H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.36 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.23 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.20 (s, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 4.75 (s, 2H), 1.68 (s, 1H).
5-(terc-butil-dimetil-silaniloksimetil)-indol-1-karboksilna kiselina terc-butil ester (5-3)
Mješana otopina (1H-indol-5-il)-metanola (5-2, 16.5 g, 112.1 mmol) u diklorometanu (300 mL) je postupno tretirana na sobnoj temperaturi diizopropiletilaminom (39 mL, 224.2 mmol, 2 ekviv.), terc-butildimetilsilil kloridom (18.6 g, 123.3 mmol, 1.1 ekviv.), i 4-(N,N-dimetilamino)piridinom (1.37g, 11.2 mmol, 0.1 ekviv.). Reakcijska smjesa je mješana na sobnoj temperaturi u trajanju 30 min, ukoncentriran in vacuo, odjeljena između etil acetata i 0.5N-HCl. Organski sloj je ispran slanom otopinom, odvojen, osušen (MgSO4), ukoncentriran in vacuo da se dobije sirovi silileter kao blijedo smeđa krutina. Sirovi produkt i di-terc-butil dikarbonat (26.9, 123.3 mmol) su otopljeni u dikrolometanu (300 mL) i mješani na sobnoj temperaturi u nazočnosti 4-(N,N-dimetilamino)piridina (1.37g, 11.2 mmol) u trajanju 2 h. Rakcijska smjesa je ukoncentriranain vacuo, odjeljena između etil acetati 0.5N-HCl. Oganski sloj je ispran slanom otopinom, odvojen, osušen (MgSO4) i ukoncentriran in vacuo da se dobije sirovo ulje. Komatografija SiO2, 10% etil acetat u heksanima) je dala 5-(terc-butil-dimetil-silaniloksimetil)-indol-1-karboksilna kiselina terc-butil ester (5-3) kao bjelu krutinu; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.97 (d, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.47 (d, 1H, J = 3.2 Hz), 7.41 (s, 1H), 7.15 (d, 1H, J = 7.7 Hz), 6.44 (d, 1H, J = 3.6 Hz), 4.72 (s, 2H), 1.56 (s, 9H), 0.84 (s, 9H), 0.00 (s, 6H).
5-(terc-butil-dimetil-silaniloksimetil)-indol-1-terc-butiloksikarbonilindol-2-boronska kiselina (5-4)
U mješanu otopinu 5-(terc-butil-dimetil-silaniloksimetil)-indol-1-karboksilna kiselina terc-butil estera (5-3, 38.6g, 106.7 mmol) u tetrahidrofuranu (400 mL) je polagano dodavana na -78°C otopina litij diizopropilamid u tetrahidrofuranu (2M, 80.1 mL, 160.1 mmol, 1.5 ekviv.). Reakcijska smjesa je mješana na istoj temperaturi u trajanju 1 h, tretirana s trimetilboratom, zagrijana do sobne temperature, te odjeljena između etil acetata i 0.5N-HCl. Organski sloj je ispran slanom otopinom, odvojen, osušen (MgSO4) i ukoncentriran in vacuo da se dobije sirova krutina. Trituriranje sirovog produkta heksanima praćeno filtriranjem i sušenjem na zraku dalo je željenu boronsku kiselinu (5-4) kao bijeli prah; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.96 (d, 1H, J = 6.8 Hz), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.32 (d, 1H, J = 6.8 Hz), 7.10 (s, 1H), 4.82 (s, 2H), 1.74 (s, 9H), 0.95 (s, 9H), 0.11 (s, 6H).
3-jodo-1H-kvinolin-2-on (5-5)
2-kloro-3-iodokvinolin (1-2, 30.0 g) je izmjeren u 250 mL tikvicu i suspendiran u 50% vodenoj octenoj kiselini (125 mL). Smjesa je zagrijavana do 100°C i stavljena na refluks u trajanju 16 h do kompletiranja, TLC analizom sirove reakcijske smjese. Smjesa je ostavljena da se hladi na sobnoj temperaturi praćeno razrijeđivanjem s 200 mL vode. Rezultirajuća suspenzija željenog produkta je izolirana vakuumskom filtracijom, praćeno ispiranjem vodom (50 mL). Voda i tragovi octene kiseline uklonjeni su pod vakuumom u trajanju 5 h da se dobije željeni kvinolinon kao tamni prah (5-5); 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ������ (br s, 1H), 8.71 (s, 1H), 7.65 (d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.54 (m, 1H), 7.31 (d, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.20 (m, 1H).
5-hidroksimetil-2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-kvinolin-3-il)-indol-1-karboksilna kiselina terc-butil ester (5-7)
Mješana smjesa jodokvinolinona (5-5, 10 g, 36.9 mmol, 1 ekviv.), boronske kiseline (5-4, 7.5g, 18.45 mmol, 0.5 ekviv.), tetrakis(trifenilfosfin)paladija (1.71 g, 1.48 mmol, 0.04 ekviv.), i litij klorida (4.69 g, 110.7 mmol, 3 ekviv.) u dioksanu/2M-vodenoj Na2CO3 je degasirana i zagrijavana do 80°C, dok nije detektirana boronska kiselina kromatografijom na tankom sloju. Dodatna boronska kiselina (0.2 ekviv. u tom trenutku) je dodana u reakcijsku smjesa dok sav iodokvinolinon (5-5) nije potpuno konzumiran (1.5 ekvivalent boronske kiseline, 5-4, ukupno, je potrebno). Reakcijska smjesa je odjeljena između etil acetata i zasićene vodene NaHCO3. Organski sloj je ispran slanom otopinom, odvojen, osušen (MgSO4) i ukoncentriran in vacuo. Sirovo ulje (5-6) je otopljeno u tetrahidrofuranu (100 mL), prebačeno u PEG bocu, tretirano na 0°C s HF-piridinom (15mL) i mješano u trajanju 1 h na sobnoj temperaturi. Reakcijska smjesa je odjeljena između etil acetata i zasićene vodene NaHCO3. Organski sloj je ispran slanom otopinom, odvojen, osušen (MgSO4) i ukoncentriran in vacuo. Sirova krutina je triturirana etil acetatom i heksanima, sakupljena filtirianjem i osušena na zraku, da se dobije željeni produkt (5-7) kao blijedo žuta krutina; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ����� (s, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 8.03 (d, 1H, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.74 (d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.52 (t, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.35 (d, 1H, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.30 (d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.22 (t, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 6.77 (s, 1H), 5.21 (t, 1H, J = 5.5 Hz), 4.60 (d, 2H, J = 5.5 Hz), 1.35 (s, 9H).
5-formil-2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-kvinolin-3-il)-indol-1-karboksilna kiselina terc-butil ester (5-8)
Pre-aktivirani MnO2 (34.5 g, 15 ekviv.) i alkohol (5-7, 10.32 g, 1.0 ekviv.) su odmjereni u 1- litarsku tikvicu i suspendirani u suhom diklorometanu (500 mL). Reakcijska smjesa je zagrijavana do 45°C i kompletirana kromatografijom na tankom sloju nakon 1h. Smjesa je ostavljena da se hladi na sobnoj temperaturi manganovi oksid(i) su uklonjeni vakuumskom filtracijom. Rezultirajući oksidi na filteru su triturirani vrućim THF i otapalo filtrirano pod vakuumom da se uklone svi produkti iz oksida. Rezultirajući filtrat je ukoncentriran in vacuo da se dobije sirovi aldehid kao žuta krutina. Krutina je triturirana s metanolom (10 mL) i etil acetatom (15 mL) praćeno vakuumskom filtracijom da se izolira čisti produkt. Blijedo-žuti aldehid je osušen pod vakuumom (5-8); 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ������ (s, 1H), 10.08 (s, 1H), 8.26 (d, 1H, J = 1.5 Hz), 8.24 (d, 1H, J = 8.5 Hz), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.90 (dd, 1H, J = 8.5, 1.5 Hz), 7.77 (d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.55 (m, 1H), 7.37 (d, 1H, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.24 (m, 1H), 7.01 (s, 1H).
5-(4-metansulfonil-piperazin-1-ilmetil)-2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-kvinolin-3-il)-indol-1-karboksilna kiselina terc-butil ester (5-9)
U mješanu otopinu aldehida (5-8, 2.01 g, 5.15 mmol, 1 ekviv.) i soli N-metansulfonilpiperazin octene kiseline (4.62 g, 20.60 mmol, 4 ekviv.) u dikloroetanu dodana je (400 mL) na sobnoj temperaturi, octena kiselina (1.2 mL). Reakcijska smjesa je tretirana s natrij triacetoksiborohidridom i mješana u trajanju 3h. Reakcija je prestala na 76% konverzije i tretirana je s MgSO4 te joj je dodano 1 g hidrida. Nakon daljnjeg mješanja u trajanju 1h reakcija je kompletirana. Reakcijska smjesa je odjeljena između etil acetata i zasićenog vodenog NaHCO3. Organski sloj je ponovno ispran zasićenim vodenim NaHCO3, zatim slanom otopinom, odvojen, osušen (s Na2SO4) i ukoncentriran in vacuo. Sirova krutina je otopljena u dimetil formamidu, te tretirana s aktivnim ugljenom. Filtrat otopine (celit) je ukoncentriran do sirupa, koji je brzo trituriran metanolom (100 mL). Rezultirajuća krutina je sakupljena filtirianjem, ponovno otopljena u dimetil formamidu, ukoncentrirana u sirup, triturirana metanolom (100 mL), sakupljena filtirianjem i vakuumom-osušena, da se dobije 5-(4-metansulfonil-piperazin-1-ilmetil)-2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-kvinolin-3-il)-indol-1-karboksilna kiselina terc-butil ester (5-9) kao bijeli prah; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ������ (s, 1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 8.04 (d, 1H, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.74 (d, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.53 (dt, 1H, J = 8.0, 1.5 Hz), 7.35 (d, 1H, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.30 (dd, 1H, J = 8.5, 1.5 Hz), 7.22 (t, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 6.76 (s, 1H), 3.62 (s, 2H), 3.16 (m, 4H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 2.48 (m, 4H), 1.35 (s, 9H).
3-[5-(4-metansulfonil-piperazin-1-ilmetil)-1H-indol-2-il]-1H-kvinolin-2-on (5-10)
Smjesa 5-(4-metansulfonil-piperazin-1-ilmetil)-2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-kvinolin-3-il)-indol-1-karboksilne kiseline terc-butil estera (5-9, 1.02 g, 1.863 mmol), dimetilsulfida (1.2 mL), vode (0.6 mL) i TFA (40 mL) u diklorometanu (40 mL) mješana je 1.5 h. Reakcijska smjesa je ukoncentriran in vacuo, odjeljena između etil acetata i zasićene vodene NaHCO3. Organski sloj je ispran slanom otopinom, odvojen, osušena (Na2SO4), i ukoncentrirana in vacuo. Rezultirajuća sirova krutina je pročišćena tekućinskom kromatografijom s povratnom fazom (H2O/CH3CN gradijent s 0.1% TFA nazočan) da se dobije sol trifluorooctene kiseline 5-10. Sve frakcije koje sadrže željeni produkt su odjeljene između etil acetata i zasićene vodene NaHCO3. Organski sloj je ispran slanom otopinom, odvojen, osušen (Na2SO4), i ukoncentriran in vacuo da se dobije 3-[5-(4-metansulfonil-piperazin-1-ilmetil)-1H-indol-2-il]-1H-kvinolin-2-on (5-10) kao svijetlo žuta krutina; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ������ (s, 1H), 11.54 (s, 1H), 8.53 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.52 (t, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.47 - 7.46 (m, 2H), 7.38 (d, 1H, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.29 (br s, 1H), 7.25 (t, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.08 (d, 1H, J = 9.0 Hz), 3.57 (s, 2H), 3.11 (m, 4H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 2.48 (m, 4H).
3-[5-(4-metansulfonil-1-oksi-piperazin-1-ilmetil)-1H-indol-2-il]-1H-kvinolin-2-on (5-11)
Otopina 5-10 (50g, 0.11 mmol, 1 ekviv.) u CH2Cl2 (125 mL) je tretirana na sobnoj temperaturi s mCPBA (70 %, 35 mg, 0.143 mmol). Reakcijska smjesa je mješana u trajanju 1 h, ukoncentrirana in vacuo. Rezultirajuća sirova krutina je pročišćena tekućinskom kromatografijom s povratnom fazom (H2O/CH3CN gradijent s 0.1% TFA nazočan) da se dobije sol trifluorooctene kiseline 5-11; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 12.57 (s, 1H); 12.22 (s, 1H); 11.86 (s,1H); 8.60 (s, 1H); 7.79 (bs,1H); 7.74 (d, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz); 7.64 (d,1H, J = 8.3 Hz); 7.54 (m,1H); 7.40 (m,2H); 7.28 (m,2H); 4.97 (s,2H); 3.85 (t, 2H, J = 11.7 Hz); 3.73 (d, 2H, J = 13.2 Hz); 3.61 (d, 2H, J = 12.5 Hz); 3.34 (t, 2H, J = 11.9 Hz); 3.04 (s,3H).
Spojevi 5-12 do 5-65 u Tabeli 5 dolje (osim za 5-15, 16, 18, 29, 30 i 31) su pripravljeni jednostavnim modifikacijama protokola opisanih gore. Odabrani spektri su kako slijedi: 5-14, 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.18 (s, 1H), 11.52 (s, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.52 (dt, 1H, J = 8.5, 1.0 Hz), 7.46 (d, 1H, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.45 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.29 (s, 1H), 7.25 (t, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.08 (dd, 1H, J = 8.0, 1.0 Hz), 3.55 (s, 2H), 3.42 (m, 4H), 2.38 (m, 2H), 2.32 (m, 2H), 1.97 (s, 3H); 5-20, 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.16 (s, 1H), 11.53 (s, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.52 (dt, 1H, J = 8.5, 1.0 Hz), 7.46 (d, 1H, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.45 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.29 (s, 1H), 7.25 (t, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.08 (dd, 1H, J = 8.0, 1.0 Hz), 3.61 (s, 2H), 3.42 (m, 2H), 2.83 (s, 3H), 2.54-2.50 (m, 6H); 5-23, 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.15 (br s, 1H), 11.51 (s, 1H), 8.53 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.52 (dt, 1H, J = 8.5, 1.0 Hz), 7.45 (d, 1H, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.44 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.29 (s, 1H), 7.25 (t, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.08 (dd, 1H, J = 8.0, 1.0 Hz), 3.48 (s, 2H), 2.68 (m, 4H), 2.52 (s, 1H), 2.30 (m, 4H); 5-37, 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.16 (br s, 1H), 11.53 (s, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.52 (dt, 1H, J = 8.5, 1.0 Hz), 7.47 (d, 1H, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.29 (d, 1H, J = 1.0 Hz), 7.25 (t, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.08 (dd, 1H, J = 8.0, 1.0 Hz), 4.51 (t, 1H, J = 5.5 Hz), 4.06 (d, 1H, J = 5.5 Hz) 3.55 (s, 2H), 3.46 (m, 2H), 3.32 (m, 2H), 2.36 (m, 4H).
Sulfonamidi (5-15 i 16) su pripravljeni od odgovarajućih sekundarnih amina (tretiranjem 5-12 i 13, respektivno, s metansulfonil kloridom i diizopropiletilaminom u diklorometanu na sobnoj temperaturi).
Karboksilne kiseline (5-18, 29,30 i 31) su bile sintetizirane od roditeljskih estera (5-17, 26, 27 i 28, respektivno) hidrolizom (NaOH/EtOH na 90°C); početni ester (5-28, 57 mg,.124 mmol) je otopljen u EtOH (1 mL) i 1N-NaOH (1 mL). Smjesa je zagrijavana do 90°C. Reakcija je praćena s LC/MS. Početni materijal je sav konvertirao u produkt nakon mješanja u trajanju 7 sati. Reakcijska smjesa je kondenzirana, ostatak je otopljen u trifluorooctenoj kiselini. Suvišak trifluorooctene kiseline je uklonjen na rotovap. Ostatak je uzet s vodom i materijal je centrifugiran. Voda je dekantirana, a krutina je analizirana HPLC-om za čistoću. Produkt (5-31) je izoliran kao žuta krutina; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 12.06 (s, 1H); 11.77 (s,1H); 8.58 (s, 1H); 7.74 (d, 1H,); 7.60-7.52 (m,3H); 4.3 (bs,1H); 2.24 (m, 4H); 2.15 (m, 4H); 1.12 (bs,3H).
TABELA 5
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SHEMA 6
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2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-karboksilna kiselina (6-1)
Otopina 2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-karbaldehida (5-8, 500 mg, 1.29 mmol, 1 ekviv.) u 4:1 smjesi THF- i t-BuOH je tretirana s 2-metil butenom (8 mL), vodenom otopinom natrij fosfat monobaze (0.14 M 355.2 mg, 2.57 mmol, 2.00 ekviv.), i natrij klorita (232.8 mg, 2.57 mmol, 2.00 ekviv.). Dodatna krutina natrij fosfat monobaze (380 mg, 2.76 mmol, 2.14 ekviv.) i natrij klorita (300 mg, 3.32 mmol, 2.57 ekviv.) je dodana u 2 ekvival. obroka u trajanju 2.5 h. Reakcijska smjesa je ukoncentrirana, ostatak otopljen u EtOAc (60 mL), zatim ispran dvaput s 25:1 smjesom vodene 10% natrij bisulfitne otopine i 10% otopinom kalij hidrogen sulfata (2 x 50 mL). Organski sloj je osušen preko natrij sulfata, ukoncentriran, i kombiniran s precipitatom u vodenom sloju koji je filtriran i osušen do 2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-karboksilne kiseline (6-1) kao bijeličaste krutine. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 12.13 (s, 1H), 8.27 (s, 1H), 8.14 (m, 3H), 7.95 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.76 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.54 (t, 1H, J = 7.8), 7.36 (d, 1H, J = 7.8), 7.24 (t, 1H, J = 7.8) 1.36 (s, 9H).
terc-butil 5-{[4-(terc-butoksikarbonil)-1-piperazinil]karbonil}-2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (6-2)
Otopina 2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-karboksilne kiseline (6-1, 130 mg, 0.321 mmol, 1 ekviv.), terc-butil 1-piperazin karboksilata (71.8 mg, 0.39 mmol, 1.20 ekviv.), 1-(3-dimetilaminopropil)-3-etilkarbodiimid hidroklorida (73.5 mg, 0.39 mmol, 1.20 ekviv.), 1-hidroksi-7-azabenzotriazola (52.5 mg, 0.39 mmol, 1.20 ekviv.), i trietilamina (112 μL, 0.80 mmol, 2.50 ekviv.) u DMF-u (5 mL) mješana je 20 h. Otopina je odjeljena između EtOAc (3 x 100 mL) i vode (120 mL). Kombinirani organski slojevi su isprani slanom otopinom (200 mL), osušeni preko natrij sulfata, zatim ukoncentrirani da se dobije terc-butil 5-{[4-(terc-butoksikarbonil)-1-piperazinil]karbonil}-2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (6-2). 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.30 (d, 1H, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.51 (t, 1H, J = 7.1 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J = 6.6 Hz), 7.40 (d, 1H, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.25 (t, 1H, J = 7.2 Hz), 6.73 (s, 1H), 3.55-3.35 (br m, 8H), 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.39 (s, 9H).
3-[5-(1-piperazinilkarbonil)-1H-indol-2-il]-2(1H)-kvinolinon (6-3)
Otopina terc-butil 5-{[4-(terc-butoksikarbonil)-1-piperazinil]karbonil}-2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilata (6-2, 213 mg, 0.373 mmol, 1 ekviv.) u 1:1 smjesi CH2Cl2 i trifluorooctene kiseline (40 mL) je tretirana s 3 kapi DMSO i H2O, i rezultirajuća smjesa je zagrijavana na refluksu u trajanju 45 minuta. Otopinaje ukoncentrirana, ostatak je osušen azeotropskim uklanjanjem vode koristeći 90:10 smjesu toluena i metanola (100 mL). Zatim je pročišćen kromatografijom povratne faze (H2O/CH3CN gradijent 0.1% TFA nazočan) da se dobije 3-[5-(1-piperazinilkarbonil)-1H-indol-2-il]-2(1H)-kvinolinon (6-3) kao TFA sol (smeđa krutina). 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 12.21 (s, 1H), 11.83 (s, 1H), 8.59 (s, 1H), 7.75 (d, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.74 (s, 1H), 7.59 (d, 1H, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.54 (t, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.39 (d, 1H, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.25 (m, 2H), 3.86 – 3.15 (br m, 8H).
Spojevi 6-4 do 6-22 u Tabeli 6 dolje su pripravljeni jednostavnim modifikacijama protokola opisanih gore. Odabrani spektri su kako slijedi: 6-4, 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.21 (s, 1H), 11.77 (s, 1H), 8.58 (s, 1H), 7.75 (d, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.55 (m, 2H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.60 (t, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.15 (d, 1H, J = 8.3 Hz), 3.53 (br m, 4H), 2.33 (br m, 4H), 2.21 (s, 3H).
6-5, 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.79 (s, 1H), 8.58 (s, 1H), 8.36 (br t, 1H, J = 6 Hz), 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.75 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.65 (d, 1H, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.55 (d, 1H, 8.8 Hz), 7.53 (t, 1H, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.40 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H, J = 8.3 Hz), 3.17 (br t, 2H, J = 5.7 Hz), 3.07 (br d, 2H, J = 12.9 Hz), 2.59 (m, 2H), 1.71 (br m, 3H), 1.17 (m, 2H).
TABELA 6
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SHEMA 7
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terc-butil 5-({[terc-butil(dimetil)silil]oksi}metil)-2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (7-1)
1-(terc-butoksikarbonil)-5-({[terc-butil(dimetil)silil]oksi}metil)-1H-indol-2-ilboronska kiselina (5-4, 5.60 g, 13.8 mmol, 2.00 ekviv.) je dodavana u 4 ekvival. obroka tijekom 8 sati u deoksigeniranu otopinu 2-kloro-3-jodokvinolina (1-2, 2.00 g, 6.91 mmol, 1 ekviv.), litij klorida (0.878 g, 20.7 mmol, 3.00 ekviv.), tetrakis(trifenilfosfin)paladija (0.400 g, 0.346 mmol, 0.0500 ekviv.), i vodene otopine natrij karbonata (2M, 10.4 mL, 20.7 mmol, 3.00 ekviv.) u dioksanu (50 mL) na 80°C, i rezultirajuća smjesa je zagrijavana dodatnih 12 h. Reakcijska smjesa je ohlađena, zatim odjeljena između slane otopine i etil acetata (2 x 200 mL). Kombinirani organski slojevi su osušeni preko natrij sulfata i ukoncentrirani. Ostatak je pročišćen brzom kromatografijom na koloni (100% heksan u početku, sve do 50% EtOAc u heksanu) da se dobije terc-butil 5-({[terc-butil(dimetil)silil]oksi}metil)-2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (7-1) kao bezbojno ulje. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.25 (d, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.07 (d, 1H, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.87 (d, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.77 (br t, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.61 (br t, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.45 (d, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 6.65 (s, 1H ), 4.87 (s, 2H), 1.27 (s, 9H), 0.97 (s, 9H), 0.13 (s, 6H).
terc-butil 2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-5-(hidroksimetil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (7-2)
Otopina terc-butil 5-({[terc-butil(dimetil)silil]oksi}metil)-2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilata (7-1, 2.50 g, 4.78 mmol, 1 ekviv.) i trietilamin trihidrofluorida (3.89 mL, 23.9 mmol, 5.00 ekviv.) u acetonitrilu (100 mL) je zagrijavan na 50°C tijekom 3 h. Reakcijska smjesa je pažljivo odjeljena između zasićene otopine natrij bikarbonata i etil acetata (2 x 100 mL). Kombinirani organski slojevi su osušeni preko natrij sulfata i ukoncentrirani da se dobije terc-butil 2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-5-(hidroksimetil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (7-2) kao tamna pjena. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.31 (d, 1H, J = 8.5 Hz), 8.19 (s, 1H), 8.08 (d, 1H, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.87 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.78 (br t, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.62 (br t, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1H, J = 8.5 Hz), 6.66 (s, 1H ), 4.82 (d, 2H, J = 4.9 Hz), 1.81 (br s, 1H), 1.27 (s, 9H).
terc-butil 5-(azidometil)-2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (7-3)
1,8-diazabiciklo[5.4.0]undek-7-en (0.400 mL, 2.69 mmol, 1.10 ekviv.) je dodan u kapima tijekom 2 min u otopinu terc-butil 2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-5-(hidroksimetil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilata (7-2, 1.00 g, 2.45 mmol, 1 ekviv.) i difenilfosforil azida (0.580 mL, 2.69 mmol, 1.10 ekviv.) u THF (20 mL) na 0°C. Rezultirajuća smjesa je zagrijana do 23°C i mješana u trajanju 20 h. Reakcijska smjesa je odjeljena između zasićene otopine natrij bikarbonata i etil acetata (2 x 75 mL). Kombinirani organski slojevi su osušeni preko natrij sulfata i ukoncentrirani. Ostatak je pročišćen brzom kromatografijom na koloni (100% heksan, sve do 50% EtOAc u heksan) da se dobije terc-butil 5-(azidometil)-2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (7-3) kao bezbojno ulje. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.34 (d, 1H, J = 8.5 Hz), 8.19 (s, 1H), 8.08 (d, 1H, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.88 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.79 (br t, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.62 (br t, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.36 (dd, 1H, J = 8.6, 1.5 Hz), 6.68 (s, 1H ), 4.46 (s, 2H), 1.27 (s, 9H).
terc-butil 5-(aminometil)-2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (7-4)
Smjesa terc-butil 5-(azidometil)-2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilata (7-3, 730 mg, 1.68 mmol) u EtOAc (50 mL) i 10 % Pd/C (146 mg) je mješana pod balonom vodika na 23°C u trajanju 2 h. Katalizator je filtriran i ispran s EtOAc (50 mL). Kombinirani filtrat je ukoncentriran da se dobije terc-butil 5-(aminometil)-2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (7-4) kao bijela pjena. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.27 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.07 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.86 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.78 (t, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.61 (t, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.35 (dd, 1H, J = 8, 2 Hz), 6.64 (s, 1H), 4.00 (s, 2H), 1.27 (s, 9H).
terc-butil 5-[({[1-(terc-butoksikarbonil)-4-piperidinil]karbonil}amino)metil]-2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (7-5)
Otopina terc-butil 5-(aminometil)-2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilata (7-4, 204 mg, 0.5 mmol, 1 ekviv.), HOAT (68 mg, 0.5 mmol, 1 ekviv.), trietilamina (101 mg, 1.0 mmol, 2 ekviv.), EDC (144 mg, .75 mmol, 1.5 ekviv.) i 1-BOC-piperidin-4-karboksilne kiseline (126 mg, .55 mmol, 1.1 ekviv.) u DMF (5 mL) je mješana u sobnim uvjetima tijekom 18 h. Reakcijska smjesa je ukoncentrirana, ostatak je odjeljen između etil acetata i zasićene vodene otopine NaHCO3. Organski sloj je ispran slanom otopinom, osušen preko magnezij sulfata i ukoncentriran da se dobije terc-butil 5-[({[1-(terc-butoksikarbonil)-4-piperidinil]karbonil}amino)metil]-2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (7-5) kao bijela pjena. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.25 (d, 1H, J = 8Hz), 8.16 (s, 1H), 8.05 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.85 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.76 (t, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.59 (t, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.28 (dd, 1H, J = 8, 2 Hz), 6.61 (s, 1H), 4.48 (d, 2H, J = 5 Hz), 4.12 (m, 2H), 2.72 (m, 2H), 2.26 (m, 1H), 1.84 (m, 2H), 1.65 (m, 2H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.25 (s, 9H).
N-{[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]metil}-4-piperidin karboksamid (7-6)
Otopina terc-butil 5-[({[1-(terc-butoksikarbonil)-4-piperidinil]karbonil} amino)metil]-2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (7-5, 310 mg, 0.5 mmol) u 50 % vodenoj octenoj kiselini (20 mL) je zagrijavana na 100° C tijekom 18 h. Reakcijska smjesa je ukoncentrirana, ostatak otopljen u 1:1 smjesi metanola i vodene otopine1 N NaOH. Ova otopinaje mješana u sobnim uvjetima tijekom 2 h. Reakcijska smjesa je ukoncentrirana, ostatak je pročišćen tekućinskom kromatografijom s povratnnom fazom (H2O/CH3CN gradijent w/ 0.1% TFA nazočan) da se dobije sol trifluorooctene kiseline N-{[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]metil}-4-piperidinkarboksamid (7-6) kao žuta krutina. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO- d6) δ 12.20 (s, 1H), 11.58 (s, 1H), 8.53 (b s, 2H), 8.41 (t, 1H, J = 5 Hz), 7.72 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.52 (t, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.46 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.29 (s, 1H), 7.25 (t, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.01 (dd, 1H, J = 8, 2 Hz), 4.33 (d, 2H, J = 5 Hz), 3.32 (m, 2H), 2.90 (m, 2H), 2.48 (m, 1H), 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, 2H).
Spojevi 7-7 i 7-8 u Tabeli 7 dolje su pripravljeni jednostavnim modifikacijama protokola opisanih gore.
TABELA 7
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SHEMA 8
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terc-butil 2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-5-formil-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (8-1)
Smjesa terc-butil 2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-5-(hidroksimetil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilata (7-2, 800 mg, 1.96 mmol, 1 ekviv.) i MnO2 (850 mg, 9.8 mmol, 5.00 ekviv.) u diklorometanu (100 mL) je zagrijavana na refluksu u trajanju 1.5 h. Dodano je još MnO2(700 mg, 8.05 mmol, 4.10 ekviv.) je dodan i zagrijavanje je nastavljeno u trajanju 1 h. Katalizator je filtriran i ispran diklorometanom (100 mL). Kombinirani filtrat je ukoncentriran da se dobije terc-butil 2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-5-formil-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (8-1) kao bijela pjena. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 10.11 �s� 1��� 8.47 (d, 1H, J = 8.8 Hz), 8.22 (s, 1H), 8.16 (d, 1H, J = 1.0 Hz), 8.09 (d, 1H, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.95 (dd, 1H, J = 8.8, 1.7 Hz), 7.89 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.81 (br t, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.64 (br t, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 6.80 (s, 1H ), 1.27 (s, 9H).
terc-butil 2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-5-(1-hidroksietil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (8-2)
Otopina metilmagnezij bromida u THF (3 M, 0.85 mL, 2.56 mmol, 1.3 ekviv.) je dodana u otopinu 2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-5-formil-1H-indol-1-karboksilata (8-1, 800 mg, 2.0 mmol, 1 ekviv.) u THF-u (25 mL) na 0°C, i rezultirajuća smjesa je mješana u trajanju 30 minuta. Reakcijska smjesa je odjeljena između otopine fosfatnog pufera pH 7 i etil acetata (2 x 100 mL). Kombinirani organski slojevi su osušen preko natrij sulfata i ukoncentrirani. Ostatak je pročišćen brzom kromatografijom na koloni (100% heksan, sve do 70% EtOAc u heksanu) da se dobije terc-butil 2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-5-(1-hidroksietil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (8-2) kao bijela pjena. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.29 (d, 1H, J = 8.8 Hz), 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.08 (d, 1H, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.87 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.78 (br t, 1H, J = 7.1 Hz), 7.64 (s, 1H), 7.61 (br t, 1H, J = 7.1 Hz), 7.42 (dd, 1H, J = 8.6, 1.5 Hz), 6.66 (s, 1H ), 5.05 (m, 1H), 1.58 (d, 3H, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.27 (s, 9H).
terc-butil 5-acetil-2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (8-3)
Smjesa 2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-5-(1-hidroksietil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilata (8-2, 840 mg, 1.99 mmol, 1 ekviv.) i MnO2 (863 mg, 9.93 mmol, 5.00 ekviv.) u diklorometanu (30 mL) je zagrijavana na refluksu u trajanju 1 h. Dodano je još MnO2(500 mg, 5.75 mmol, 2.89 ekviv.) i zagrjavanje je nastavljeno u trajanju 1 h. Katalizator je filtriran i ispran diklorometanom (100 mL). Kombinirani filtrat je ukoncentriran da se dobije terc-butil 5-acetil-2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (8-3) kao bijela pjena. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.38 (d, 1H, J = 8.8 Hz), 8.27 (d, 1H, J = 0.7 Hz), 8.21 (s, 1H), 8.09 (d, 1H, J = 8.3 Hz), 8.04 (dd, 1H, J = 8.8, 1.2 Hz), 7.89 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.80 (br t, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.63 (br t, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 6.76 (s, 1H ), 2.70 (s, 3H), 1.27 (s, 9H).
3-(5-acetil-1H-indol-2-il)-2(1H)-kvinolinon (8-4)
Otopina terc-butil 5-acetil-2-(2-kloro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilata (8-3, 400 mg, 0.95 mmol) je zagrijavana u 3:1 smjesi octene kiseline i vode na refluksu u trajanju 20 h. Reakcijska smjesa je ohlađena, zatim ukoncentriran do suha. Ostatak je suspendiran u etil eteru (50 mL) uz pomoć sonikacije, zatim filtriran i osušen na zraku, da se dobije 3-(5-acetil-1H-indol-2-il)-2(1H)-kvinolinon (8-4) kao žuta krutina. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 12.22 (s, 1H), 11.94 (s, 1H), 8.59 (s, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, 2H, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.60 (d, 1H, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.55 (t, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.39 (d, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.26 (t, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 2.62 (s, 3H).
3-{5-[1-(4-morfolinil)etil]-1H-indol-2-il}-2(1H)-kvinolinon (8-5)
Smjesa 3-(5-acetil-1H-indol-2-il)-2(1H)-kvinolinona (8-4, 50.0 mg, 0.165 mmol, 1 ekviv.), morfolina (0.070 mL, 0.83 mmol, 5.0 ekviv.), octene kiseline (0.050 mL, 0.83 mmol, 5.0 ekviv.), natrij cijanoborohidrida (52 mg, 0.83 mmol, 5.0 ekviv.), i aktiviranih
3 angstrom-skih molekularnih sita u bezvodnom 20% dioksanu u metanolu (15 mL) je zagrijavana na 50° C tijekom 8 h. Dodatni morfolin (0.070 mL, 0.83 mmol, 5.0 ekviv.), octena kiselina (0.050 mL, 0.83 mmol, 5.0 ekviv.), i natrij cijanoborohidrid (52 mg, 0.83 mmol, 5.0 ekviv.) su dodani, i ovo se ponavlja (3 x) svakih 8-12 sati tijekom dva dana. Reakcijska smjesa je odjeljena između 1:1 smjese zasićene otopine natrij karbonata i slane otopine i etil acetata (100 mL). Organski sloj je osušen preko natrij sulfata i ukoncentriran. Ostatak je pročišćen tekućinskom kromatografijom s povratnom fazom (H2O/CH3CN gradijent w/ 0.1% TFA nazočan) da se dobije 3-{5-[1-(4-morfolinil)etil]-1H-indol-2-il}-2(1H)-kvinolinon (8-5) kao žuta krutina. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.15 (s, 1H), 9.28 (br s, 1H), 8.37 (s, 1H), 7.72 (d, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.54 (br t, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.43 (d, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.32 (t, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.27 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.22 (d, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.04 (s, 1H), 3.72 (m, 4H), 3.41 (q, 1H, J = 6.6 Hz), 2.56 (m, 2H), 2.43 (m, 2H), 1.46 (d, 3H, J = 6.6 Hz).
Spojevi 8-6 do 8-9 u Tabeli 8 dolje su pripravljeni manjim modifikacijama protokola prikazanih u SHEMI 8. Odabrani spektri su kako slijedi: 8-6, 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.13 (s, 1H), 9.76 (br s, 1H), 8.37 (s, 1H), 7.69 (d, 1H, J = 7.1 Hz), 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.52 (t, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.42 (d, 1H, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.30 (t, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.25 (d, 1H, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.24 (d, 1H, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.02 (d, 1H, J = 1.2 Hz), 3.34 ( br m, 1H), 2.64 (br m, 2H), 2.45 (br m, 2H), 1.79 (br m, 3H), 1.50 (d, 3H, J = 6.6 Hz). 8-8, 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.17 (s, 1H), 9.74 (br s, 1H), 8.36 (s, 1H), 7.69 (d, 1H, J = 7.1 Hz), 7.53 (s, 1H), 7.52 (t, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.43 (d, 1H, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.30 (t, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.25 (d, 1H, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.19 (dd, 1H, J = 8.5, 1.5 Hz), 7.02 (d, 1H, J = 1.2 Hz), 3.66 (m, 1H), 3.56 (m, 1H), 3.49 (q, 1H, J = 6.6 Hz), 3.43 (m, 2H), 2.55 (m, 1H), 2.46 (m, 2H), 2.40 (m, 1H), 2.05 (s, 3H), 1.46 (d, 3H, J = 6.6 Hz).
TABELA 8
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SHEMA 9
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terc-butil 5-{[(terc-butoksikarbonil)amino]karbonil}-2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidrokvinolin-3-il)-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (9-1)
Otopina 1-(terc-butoksikarbonil)-2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-karboksilna kiselina (6-1, 0.200 mg, 0.49 mmol, 1 ekviv.), difenilfosforil azida (128 μL, 0.59 mmol, 1.2 ekviv.), i trietilamina (89 μL, 0.64 mmol, 1.3 ekviv.) u t-BuOH (30 mL) je zagrijavana na 100° C tijekom 2 h. Bakarni klorid (4.9 mg, 0.05 mmol, 0.1 ekviv.) je dodan i rezultirajuća smjesa je zagrijavana na 100° C tijekom 24 h. Otopina je ukoncentrirana, ostatak je odjeljen između zasićene vodene NaHCO3 otopine (75 mL) i EtOAc (3 x 60 mL). Kombinirani organski slojevi su isprani jedanput vodom (150 mL) zatim slanom otopinom (150 mL) i osušen preko natrij sulfata i ukoncentrirani. Ostatak je pročišćen tekućinskom kromatografijom s povratnom fazom (H2O/CH3CN gradijent s 0.1% TFA nazočano) da se dobije terc-butil 5-[(terc-butoksikarbonil)amino]-2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-1-karboksilat (9-1). 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.06 (s, 1H), 9.37 (bs, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H) , 7.92 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.52 (m, 2H), 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.21 (m, 2H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 1.50 (s, 9H), 1.34 (s, 9H).
3-(5-amino-1H-indol-2-il)-2(1H)-kvinolinon (9-2)
Otopina terc-butil 5-{[(terc-butoksikarbonil)amino]karbonil}-2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidrokvinolin-3-il)-1H-indol-1-karboksilata (9-1, 340 mg) u smjesi 1:1 CH2Cl2 i TFA (30 mL) je tretirana s po 3 kapi DMSO i H2O, rezultirajuća smjesa je zagrijavana na refluksu 45 min. Otopina je ukoncentrirana, ostatak pročišćen tekućinskom kromatografijom s povratnom fazom (H2O/CH3CN gradijent s 0.1% TFA nazočan) da se dobije 3-(5-amino-1H-indol-2-il)-2(1H)-kvinolinon (9-2) kao žuta krutina. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 7.74 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.51 (t, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.36 (d, 1H, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.28 (d, 1H, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.25 (d, 1H, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.98 (d, 1H, J = 1.5 Hz), 6.74 (d, 1H, J = 2.0 Hz), 6.72 (d, 1H, J = 2.0 Hz).
4-amino-N-[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]-1-piperidinkarboksamid (9-3)
4-nitrofenil kloroformat (70 mg, 0.35 mmol, 1.5 ekviv.) i piridin (0.030 mL, 0.35 mmol, 1.5 ekviv.) su sekvencijalno dodani u otopinu 3-(5-amino-1H-indol-2-il)-2(1H)-kvinolinona (9-2, 64 mg, 0.23 mmol, 1 ekviv.) u dioksanu (20 mL), i rezultirajuća smjesa je zagrijavana na 60° C u trajanju 1 h. Terc-butil 4-piperidinilkarbamat (100 mg, 0.50 mmol, 2.2 ekviv.) je dodan, i rezultirajuća smjesa je zagrijavana na 60° C tijekom 1 h. Reakcijska smjesa je odjeljena između otopine zasićenog vodenog natrij bikarbonata i etil acetata (100 mL). Organski sloj je osušen preko natrij sulfata i ukoncentriran. Otopina ostatka u 1:1 smjesi CH2Cl2 i TFA (15 mL) je tretirana s 2 kapi DMSO i 2 kapi H2O. Rezultirajuća smjesa je zagrijavana na refluksu u trajanju 45 min, zatim ukoncentrirana. Ostatak je pročišćen kromatografijom s povratnom fazom (H2O/CH3CN gradijent s 0.1% TFA nazočan) da se dobije 4-amino-N-[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]-1-piperidinkarboksamid (9-3) kao TFA sol. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.45 (s, 1H), 7.75 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.54 (t, 1H, J = 7.1 Hz), 7.53 (m, 1H), 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.28 (t, 1H, J = 7.1 Hz), 7.20 (s, 1H), 7.08 (dd, 1H, J = 2.0, 1.9 Hz), 4.29 (d, 2H, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.37 (m, 1H), 2.99 (t, 2H, J = 5.98 Hz), 2.05 (d, 2H, J = 6.1 Hz), 1.60 (qd, 2H, J = 4.4, 1.5 Hz).
4-amino-N-{[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]metil}-1-piperidinkarboksamid (9-4) je pripravljen počevši od spoja 7-4 koristeći protokol opisan gore.
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9-4, 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.1 (s, 1H), 11.5 (s, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 7.79 (br s, 2H), 7.72 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.52 (t, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.43 (m, 2H), 7.37 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.29 (s, 1H), 7.25 (t, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.06 (m, 2H), 4.31 (d, 2H, J = 5 Hz), 4.04 (d, 2H, J = 13 Hz), 3.20 (br s, 1H), 2.76 (t, 2H, J = 12 Hz), 1.83 (d, 2H, J = 13 Hz), 1.36 (m, 2H).
Spojevi 9-5 i 9-6 u Tabeli 9 dolje su pripravljeni jednostavnim modifikacijama protokola opisanih gore za spoj 9-3.
TABELA 9
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Claims (32)
1. Spoj Formule I
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I
ili njegova farmaceutski prihvatljiva sol ili stereoizomer, naznačen time, da
Z je
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W1 je S, O, ili N-R;
V1 je N ili C;
W2 je N ili C;
V2 je S, O, ili N-R;
a je 0 ili 1;
b je 0 ili 1;
m je 0, 1, ili 2;
s je 1 ili 2;
t je 1, 2, ili 3;
X=Y je C=N, N=C, ili C=C;
R je H ili C1-C6 alkil;
R1 i R5 su neovisno odabrani od:
1) H,
2) (C=O)aObC1-C10 alkil,
3) (C=O)aObaril,
4) (C=O)aObC2-C10 alkenil,
5) (C=O)aObC2-C10 alkinil,
6) CO2H,
7) halo,
8) OH,
9) ObC1-C6 perfluoroalkil,
10) (C=O)aNR7R8,
11) CN,
12) (C=O)aObC3-C8 cikloalkil, i
13) (C=O)aObheterociklil,
navedeni alkil, aril, alkenil, alkinil, cikloalkil, i heterociklil je opcionalno supstituiran s jednim ili više supstituenata odabranih od R6;
R2 i R3 su neovisno odabrani od:
1) H,
2) (C=O)OaC1-C6 alkil,
3) (C=O)Oaaril,
4) C1-C6 alkil,
5) SO2Ra, i
6) aril;
R4 je odabran od:
1) (C=O)aObC1-C10 alkil,
2) (C=O)aObaril,
3) (C=O)aObC2-C10 alkenil,
4) (C=O)aObC2-C10 alkinil,
5) CO2H,
6) halo,
7) OH,
8) ObC1-C6 perfluoroalkil,
9) (C=O)aNR7R8,
10) CN,
11) (C=O)aObC3-C8 cikloalkil, i
12) (C=O)aObheterociklil,
navedeni alkil, aril, alkenil, alkinil, cikloalkil, i heterociklil je opcionalno supstituiran s jednim ili više supstituenata odabranih od R6;
R6 je:
1) (C=O)aObC1-C10 alkil,
2) (C=O)aObaril,
3) C2-C10 alkenil,
4) C2-C10 alkinil,
5) (C=O)aOb heterociklil,
6) CO2H,
7) halo,
8) CN,
9) OH,
10) ObC1-C6 perfluoroalkil, ili
11) Oa(C=O)bNR7R8,
12) okso,
13) CHO,
14) (N=O)R7R8, i
15) (C=O)aObC3-C8 cikloalkil,
navedeni alkil, aril, alkenil, alkinil, heterociklil, i cikloalkil opcionalno supstituiran s jednim ili više supstituenata odabranih od R6a;
R6a je odabran od:
1) (C=O)rOs(C1-C10)alkil, gdje su r i s neovisno 0 ili 1,
2) Or(C1-C3)perfluoroalkil, gdje r je 0 ili 1,
3) (C0-C6)alkilen-S(O)mRa, gdje m je 0, 1, ili 2,
4) okso,
5) OH,
6) halo,
7) CN,
8) (C2-C10)alkenil,
9) (C2-C10)alkinil,
10) (C3-C6)cikloalkil,
11) (C0-C6)alkilen-aril,
12) (C0-C6)alkilen-heterociklil,
13) (C0-C6)alkilen-N(Rb)2,
14) C(O)Ra,
15) (C0-C6)alkilen-CO2Ra,
16) C(O)H, i
17) (C0-C6)alkilen-CO2H,
navedeni alkil, alkenil, alkinil, cikloalkil, aril, i heterociklil je opcionalno supstituiran s do tri supstituenata odabrana od Rb, OH, (C1-C6)alkoksi, halogen, CO2H, CN, O(C=O)C1-C6 alkil, okso, i N(Rb)2;
R7 i R8 su neovisno odabrani od:
1) H,
2) (C=O)ObC1-C10 alkil,
3) (C=O)ObC3-C8 cikloalkil,
4) (C=O)Obaril,
5) (C=O)Obheterociklil,
6) C1-C10 alkil,
7) aril,
8) C2-C10 alkenil,
9) C2-C10 alkinil,
10) heterociklil,
11) C3-C8 cikloalkil,
12) SO2Ra,
13) (C=O)NRb2,
navedeni alkil, cikloalkil, aril, heterocylyl, alkenil, i alkinil je opcionalno supstituiran s jednim ili više supstituenata odabranih od R6a, ili
R7 i R8 mogu biti uzeti zajedno s dušikom na koji su vezani da bi formirali monociklički ili biciklički heterocikl s 5-7 članova u svakom prstenu i opcionalno sadrže, uz dušik, jedan ili dva dodatna heteroatoma odabrana od N, O i S, navedeni monociklički ili biciklički heterocikl je opcionalno supstituiran s jednim ili više supstituenata odabranih od R6a;
Ra je (C1-C6)alkil, (C3-C6)cikloalkil, aril, ili heterociklil; i
Rb je H, (C1-C6)alkil, aril, heterociklil, (C3-C6)cikloalkil, (C=O)OC1-C6 alkil, (C=O)C1-C6 alkil ili S(O)2Ra.
2. Spoj iz Zahtjeva 1, naznačen time, da je
Z je
[image]
[image]
.
3. Spoj iz Zahtjeva 2, naznačen time, da
s je 1;
t je 1 ili 2;
R1 i R5 su neovisno odabrani od:
1) H,
2) (C=O)aObC1-C6 alkil,
3) (C=O)aObaril,
4) (C=O)aObC2-C6 alkenil,
5) (C=O)aObC2-C6 alkinil,
6) CO2H,
7) halo,
8) OH,
9) ObC1-C3 perfluoroalkil,
10) (C=O)aNR7R8,
11) CN,
12) (C=O)aObC3-C6 cikloalkil, i
13) (C=O)aObheterociklil,
navedeni alkil, aril, alkenil, alkinil, cikloalkil, i heterociklil je opcionalno supstituirani s jednim ili više supstituenata odabranih od R6;
R4 je odabran od:
1) (C=O)aObC1-C6 alkil,
2) (C=O)aObaril,
3) (C=O)aObC2-C6 alkenil,
4) (C=O)aObC2-C6 alkinil,
5) CO2H,
6) halo,
7) OH,
8) ObC1-C3 perfluoroalkil,
9) (C=O)aNR7R8,
10) CN,
11) (C=O)aObC3-C6 cikloalkil, i
12) (C=O)aObheterociklil,
navedeni alkil, aril, alkenil, alkinil, cikloalkil, i heterociklil je opcionalno supstituiran s jednim ili više supstituenata odabranih od R6;
R6 je:
1) (C=O)aObC1-C6 alkil,
2) (C=O)aObaril,
3) C2-C6 alkenil,
4) C2-C6 alkinil,
5) (C=O)aOb heterociklil,
6) CO2H,
7) halo,
8) CN,
9) OH,
10) ObC1-C3 perfluoroalkil, ili
11) Oa(C=O)bNR7R8,
12) okso,
13) CHO,
14) (N=O)R7R8, i
15) (C=O)aObC3-C6 cikloalkil,
navedeni alkil, aril, alkenil, alkinil, heterociklil, i cikloalkil je opcionalno supstituiran s jednim ili više supstituenata odabrana od R6a;
R6a je odabran od:
1) (C=O)rOs(C1-C6)alkil, gdje r i s su neovisno 0 ili 1,
2) Or (C1-C3)perfluoroalkil, gdje je r 0 ili 1,
3) (C0-C6)alkilen-S(O)mRa, gdje je m 0, 1, ili 2,
4) okso,
5) OH,
6) halo,
7) CN,
8) (C2-C6)alkenil,
9) (C2-C6)alkinil,
10) (C3-C6)cikloalkil,
11) (C0-C6)alkilen-aril,
12) (C0-C6)alkilen-heterociklil,
13) (C0-C6)alkilen-N(Rb)2,
14) C(O)Ra,
15) (C0-C6)alkilen-CO2Ra,
16) C(O)H, i
17) (C0-C6)alkilen-CO2H,
navedeni alkil, alkenil, alkinil, cikloalkil, aril, i heterociklil je opcionalno supstituiran sa do tri supstituenata odabranih od Rb, OH, (C1-C6)alkoksi, halogen, CO2H, CN, O(C=O)C1-C6 alkil, okso, i N(Rb)2; i
R7 i R8 su neovisno odabrani od:
1) H,
2) (C=O)ObC1-C6 alkil,
3) (C=O)ObC3-C6 cikloalkil,
4) (C=O)Obaril,
5) (C=O)Obheterociklil,
6) C1-C6 alkil,
7) aril,
8) C2-C6 alkenil,
9) C2-C6 alkinil,
10) heterociklil,
11) C3-C6 cikloalkil,
12) SO2Ra,
13) (C=O)NRb2,
navedeni alkil, cikloalkil, aril, heterocylyl, alkenil, i alkinil je opcionalno supstituiran s jednim ili više supstituenata odabranih od R6a, ili
R7 i R8 mogu biti uzeti zajedno s dušikom na koji su vezani da bi formirali monociklički ili biciklički heterocikl s 5-7 članova u svakom prstenu i opcionalno sadrže, uz dušik, jedan ili dva dodatna heteroatoma odabrana od N, O i S, navedeni monociklički ili biciklički heterocikl opcionalno supstituiran s jednim ili više supstituenata odabranih od R6a.
4. Spoj iz Zahtjeva 3, naznačen time, da R2, R3, iR5 jesu H.
5. Spoj iz Zahtjeva 4, naznačen time, da je t =1, s =1, i R1= H.
6. Spoj iz Zahtjeva 5 , naznačen time, da je R4 odabran od:
1) OC1-C6 alkilenNR7R8,
2) (C=O)aC0-C6 alkilen-Q, gdje Q je H, OH, CO2H, ili OC1-C6 alkil,
3) OC0-C6 alkilen-heterociklil, opcionalno supstituiran s jednim do tri supstituenata odabranih od R6a,
4) C0-C6 alkilenNR7R8,
5) (C=O)NR7R8, i
6) OC1-C3 alkilen-(C=O)NR7R8.
7. Spoj prema Zahtjevu 1, naznačen time, da je odabran od:
3-{5-[3-(4-metil-piperazin-1-il)-propoksi]-1H-indol-2-il}-1H-kvinolin-2-on;
3-(5-{2-[(2-metoksietil)amino]etoksi}-1H-indol-2-il)-2(1H)-kvinolinon;
3-[5-(2-{(2-metoksietil)[(2-metoksi-5-pirimidinil)metil]amino}etoksi)-1H-indol-2-il]-2(1H)-kvinolinon;
3-(5-{[(2S,4R)-4-metoksipirolidinil]metoksi}-1H-indol-2-il)-2(1H)-kvinolinon;
3-[5-({(2S,4R)-4-metoksi-1-[(2-metil-5-pirimidinil)metil]pirolidinil} metoksi)-1H-indol-2-il]-2(1H)-kvinolinon;
1-(2-{[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]oksi}etil)-4-piperidin- karboksilna kiselina etil ester;
1-(2-{[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]oksi}etil)-4-piperidinkarboksilna kiselina;
3-[(2S,4R)-4-metoksi-2-({[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]oksi}metil)pirolidinil]propanska kiselina;
3-[5-(4-metansulfonil-piperazin-1-ilmetil)-1H-indol-2-il]-1H-kvinolin-2-on;
3-[5-(4-metansulfonil-1-oksi-piperazin-1-ilmetil)-1H-indol-2-il]-1H- kvinolin-2-on;
3-[5-(4-acetil-piperazin-1-ilmetil)-1H-indol-2-il]-1H-kvinolin-2-on;
N-ciklopropil-N-[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-kvinolin-3-il)-1H-indol-5-ilmetil]-metansulfonamid;
3-[5-(1-piperazinilkarbonil)-1H-indol-2-il]-2(1H)-kvinolinon;
3-{5-[(4-metil-1-piperazinil)karbonil]-1H-indol-2-il}-2(1H)-kvinolinon;
1-{[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]karbonil}-4-piperidinaminium trifluoroacetat;
1-({[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]oksi}acetil)piperazin-4-ium trifluoroacetat;
3-{5-[2-(1,1-dioksido-4-tiomorfolinil)-2-oksoetoksi]-1H-indol-2-il}-2(1H)-kvinolinon;
N-{[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]metil}-4-piperidin karboksamid;
3-{5-[1-(4-morfolinil)etil]-1H-indol-2-il}-2(1H)-kvinolinon;
3-{5-[1-(1-pirolidinil)etil]-1H-indol-2-il}-2(1H)-kvinolinon;
3-{5-[1-(4-acetil-1-piperazinil)etil]-1H-indol-2-il}-2(1H)-kvinolinon;
3-(5-{1-[4-(metilsulfonil)-1-piperazinil]etil}-1H-indol-2-il)-2(1H)-kvinolinon;
4-amino-N-[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]-1-piperidinkarboksamid; i
4-amino-N-{[2-(2-okso-1,2-dihidro-3-kvinolinil)-1H-indol-5-il]metil}-1-piperidinkarboksamid, ili
njegova farmaceutski prihvatljiva sol ili stereoizomer.
8. Farmaceutski pripravak, naznačen time, da se sastoji od spoja prema Zahtjevu 1 i farmaceutski prihvatljivog nosača.
9. Metoda liječenja ili prevencije raka u sisavaca kojima je takvo liječenje potrebno, naznačena time, da se sastoji od davanja navedenom sisavcu terapeutski efikasne količine spoja iz Zahtjeva 1.
10. Metoda liječenja raka ili prevencije raka u skladu sa Zahtjevom 9, naznačena time, da je karcinom odabrani od karcinoma mozga, genitalno-urinarnog trakta, limfnog sustava, želuca, larinksa i pluća.
11. Metoda liječenja ili prevencije raka prema Zahtjevu 9, naznačena time, da je karcinom odabran od limfoma histiocita, plućnog adenokarcinoma, raka malih stanica pluća, raka pankreasa, gioblastoma i karcinoma dojke.
12. Metoda liječenja ili prevencije bolesti gdje je angiogeneza implicirana, naznačena time, da se sastoji od davanja sisavcu kojem je takvo liječenje potrebno terapijski efikasne količine spoja iz Zahtjeva 1.
13. Metoda prema Zahtjevu 12, naznačena time, da se radi o okularnoj bolesti.
14. Metoda liječenja ili prevencije vaskularizacije retine, naznačena time, da se sastoji od davanja sisavcu, kojem je takvo liječenje potrebno terapijski efikasne količine spoja iz Zahtjeva 1.
15. Metoda liječenja ili prevencije dijabetičke retinopatije, naznačena time, da se sastoji od davanja sisavcu kojem je takvo liječenje potrebno terapijski efikasne količine spoja iz Zahtjeva 1.
16. Metoda liječenja ili prevencije makularne degeneracije, naznačena time, da se sastoji od davanja sisavcu kojem je takvo liječenje potrebno terapeutski efikasne količine spoja iz Zahtjeva 1.
17. Metoda liječenja ili prevencije upalnih bolesti, naznačena time, da se daje sisavcu kojem je takvo liječenje potrebno terapeutski efikasna količina spoja iz Zahtjeva 1.
18. Metoda prema Zahtjevu 17, naznačena time, da je upalna bolest odabrana od reumatskog artritisa, psorijaze, kontaktnog dermatitisa i reakcija odgođene hipersenzitivnosti.
19. Metoda liječenja ili prevencije tirozin kinaze-ovisnih bolesti ili stanja, naznačena time, da se daju terapeutski efikasne količine spoja iz Zahtjeva 1.
20. Farmaceutski pripravak, naznačen time, da se pripravlja kombiniranjem spoja iz Zahtjeva 1 i farmaceutski prihvatljivog nosača.
21. Postupak za pripravu farmaceutskog pripravka, naznačen time, da se kombinira spoj iz Zahtjeva 1 s farmaceutski prihvatljivim nosačem.
22. Metoda liječenja ili prevencije koštanih patologija odabrana od osteosarkoma, osteoartritisa, i rahitisa, naznačena time, da se daju terapijski efikasne količine spoja iz Zahtjeva 1.
23. Sastav iz Zahtjeva 8, naznačen time, da daljnje sadrži drugi spoj odabrani od:
1) modulator receptora estrogena,
2) modulator receptora androgena,
3) modulator retinoidnog receptora ,
4) citotoksički agens,
5) antiproliferativni agens,
6) inhibitor prenil-protein transferaze,
7) inhibitor HMG-CoA reduktaze,
8) inhibitor HIV proteaze,
9) inhibitor reverzne transkriptaze, i
10) drugi inhibitor angiogeneze
24. Sastav iz Zahtjeva 23, naznačen time, da je drugi spoj drugi inhibitor angiogeneze odabran od grupe koju čine inhibitior tirozin kinaze, inhibitor epidermalno-deriviranog faktora rasta, inhibitor fibroblast-deriviranog faktora rasta, inhibitor trombocit-deriviranog faktora rasta, MMP inhibitor, blokator integrina, interferon-α, interleukin-12, pentosan polisulfat, inhibitior ciklooksigenaze, karboksiamidotriazol, kombretastatin -4, skvalamin, 6-O-kloroacetil-karbonil)-fumagilol, talidomid, angiostatin, troponin-1, i antitijela na VEGF.
25. Sastav iz Zahtjeva 23, naznačen time, da je drugi spoj modulator receptora estrogena odabran od tamoksifena i raloksifena.
26. Metoda liječenja raka, naznačena time, da se daje terapijski efikasna količina spoja iz Zahtjeva 1 u kombinaciji s radijacijskom terapijom.
27. Metoda liječenja ili prevencije raka, naznačena time, da se sastoji od davanja teraijski efikasne količine spoja iz Zahtjeva 1 u kombinaciji sa spojem odabranim od:
1) modulatora receptora estrogena,
2) modulatora receptora androgena,
3) modulatora retinoidnog receptora,
4) citotoksičkog agensa,
5) antiproliferativnog agensa,
6) inhibitiora prenyl-protein transferaze,
7) inhibitiora HMG-CoA reduktaze,
8) inhibitora HIV proteaze,
9) inhibitora reverzne transkriptaze, i
10) drugih inhibitiora angiogeneze.
28. Metoda liječenja raka, naznačena time, da se daje terapijski efikasna količina spoja iz Zahtjeva 1 u kombinaciji s radijacijskom terapijom i spojem odabranim od:
1) modulatora receptora estrogena,
2) modulatora receptora androgena,
3) modulatora retinoidnog receptora,
4) ctotoksičkog agensa,
5) antiproliferativnog agensa,
6) inhibitiora prenil-protein transferaze,
7) inhibitiora HMG-CoA reduktaze,
8) inhibitora HIV proteaze,
9) inhibitora reverzne transkriptaze, i
10) drugih inhibitiora angiogeneze.
29. Metoda liječenja ili prevencije raka, naznačena time, da se sastoji od davanja terapijski efikasne količine spoja iz Zahtjeva 1 i paclitaxela ili trastuzumaba.
30. Metoda liječenja ili prevencije raka, naznačena time, da se daje terapeutski efikasna količina spoja iz Zahtjeva 1 i GPIIb/IIIa antagonista.
31. Metoda iz Zahtjeva 30, naznačena time, da je GPIIb/IIIa antagonist tirofibana.
32. Metoda smanjenja ili prevencije oštećenja tkiva, nakon cerebralnih ishemičkih događaja, naznačena time, da se daje terapijski efikasna količina spoja iz Zahtjeva 1.
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DE69222637T2 (de) | 1991-05-10 | 1998-02-26 | Rhone Poulenc Rorer Int | Bis mono- und bicyclische aryl- und heteroarylderivate mit inhibierender wirkung auf die egf und/oder pdgf-rezeptor tyrosinkinase |
US5578609A (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1996-11-26 | The Dupont Merck Pharmaceutical Company | 2-carbocyclic and 2-heterocyclic quinoline-4-carboxylic acids and salts thereof useful as immunosuppressive agents |
GB9524104D0 (en) | 1995-11-24 | 1996-01-24 | Smithkline Beecham Spa | Novel compounds |
CA2254756A1 (en) | 1996-05-20 | 1997-11-27 | Mark Goulet | Antagonists of gonadotropin releasing hormone |
BR9713552A (pt) | 1996-11-27 | 2000-01-25 | Pfizer | Derivados de pirimidina bicìclicos condensados |
JP4516690B2 (ja) | 1998-08-11 | 2010-08-04 | ノバルティス アーゲー | 血管形成阻害活性を有するイソキノリン誘導体 |
UA74560C2 (en) * | 1999-10-19 | 2006-01-16 | Merck & Co Inc | Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and a pharmaceutical composition based thereon |
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