EP2328435B1 - Schuh mit belüftung im unteren schaftbereich - Google Patents
Schuh mit belüftung im unteren schaftbereich Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2328435B1 EP2328435B1 EP09761450.7A EP09761450A EP2328435B1 EP 2328435 B1 EP2328435 B1 EP 2328435B1 EP 09761450 A EP09761450 A EP 09761450A EP 2328435 B1 EP2328435 B1 EP 2328435B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air
- shoe
- permeable
- shaft
- functional layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
- A43B7/06—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B1/00—Footwear characterised by the material
- A43B1/02—Footwear characterised by the material made of fibres or fabrics made therefrom
- A43B1/05—Footwear characterised by the material made of fibres or fabrics made therefrom woven
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/38—Built-in insoles joined to uppers during the manufacturing process, e.g. structural insoles; Insoles glued to shoes during the manufacturing process
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
- A43B23/02—Uppers; Boot legs
- A43B23/0205—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the material
- A43B23/0235—Different layers of different material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
- A43B7/06—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated
- A43B7/08—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated with air-holes, with or without closures
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
- A43B7/06—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated
- A43B7/08—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated with air-holes, with or without closures
- A43B7/082—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated with air-holes, with or without closures the air being expelled to the outside
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
- A43B7/06—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated
- A43B7/08—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated with air-holes, with or without closures
- A43B7/084—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated with air-holes, with or without closures characterised by the location of the holes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
- A43B7/12—Special watertight footwear
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
- A43B7/12—Special watertight footwear
- A43B7/125—Special watertight footwear provided with a vapour permeable member, e.g. a membrane
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B1/22—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration
Definitions
- the invention relates to shoes with ventilation below the sole of the foot and with the removal of sweat moisture through layers below the foot to improve the climate comfort of such shoes.
- shoes in the sole area either had some water vapor permeability, also called breathability, due to the use of outsole material such as leather, with the disadvantage of water permeability in the sole area, or shoes in the sole area due to the use of outsoles of waterproof material such as rubber or rubber-like Plastic waterproof but also impermeable to water vapor, with the disadvantage of the accumulation of sweat moisture in the sole of the foot.
- outsole material such as leather
- waterproof material such as rubber or rubber-like Plastic waterproof but also impermeable to water vapor
- shoes have been made which are both waterproof and permeable to water vapor in the sole area by perforating their outsoles with through openings and covering the through openings by means of a waterproof, water vapor permeable membrane arranged on the inside of the outsole, so that no water from the outside can penetrate to the shoe interior, but in the sole of the foot resulting sweat moisture can escape from the shoe interior to the outside.
- a waterproof, water vapor permeable membrane arranged on the inside of the outsole, so that no water from the outside can penetrate to the shoe interior, but in the sole of the foot resulting sweat moisture can escape from the shoe interior to the outside.
- two different solutions gone. Either you have provided the outsole with their vertical thickness through openings through which sweat moisture from the shoe interior to the tread of the outsole can be passed, or you have provided the outsole with horizontal channels over which sweat moisture that has collected above the outsole over the lateral extent of the outsole can escape.
- a sole composite according to EP 0 382 904 A1 has a micro-perforated lower sole portion, also provided with perforations upper sole portion and therebetween a waterproof, water vapor permeable membrane.
- the outsole is provided with relatively large vertical through-openings for obtaining a stronger water vapor permeability, and a water vapor-permeable protective layer is arranged between the latter and the outsole for mechanical protection of the membrane.
- the outsole is provided with relatively large vertical through-openings, which are closed by a water-vapor-permeable protective layer.
- Such an outsole is attached to a watertight shaft assembly, thus providing a watertight shoe.
- the outsole is provided on its side facing away from the tread on its outer periphery with a raised outsole edge, which is interspersed with horizontal, that is, running parallel to the tread microperforations.
- a spacer is arranged with standing upright from the outsole transverse webs, which may be formed integrally with the outsole.
- an inner band associated with the spacer which is also penetrated by horizontally extending passage openings.
- a water vapor permeable mounting sole or insole Under the outer peripheral region of which a lasting impact of a shaft made of water vapor permeable material is struck, which is located on the inner side of the inner band of the spacer element.
- a waterproof, water vapor permeable membrane which extends approximately perpendicularly from the inside of the outsole.
- the outsole is on its side facing away from the tread on the one hand on the outer periphery with a raised edge web, in the top of the edge web passing through venting channels are inserted, and provided in a sole region within the edge web with hemispherical projections.
- On the upper surface of the outsole is disposed an upper sole member which rests on the edge land and on the protrusions of the outsole and has a water vapor permeable portion covered with a waterproof, water vapor permeable membrane having an extension approximately equal to that of the protruded portion of the outsole. Sweat moisture, which accumulates in the space between the outsole and sole element, in which the projections of the outsole are located, can theoretically escape via the ventilation channels in the edge web of the outsole.
- the EP 1 033 924 B1 shows a shoe with an outsole with an upstanding from an inner side of the outsole outer peripheral edge, which is penetrated by horizontal, ie parallel to the tread of the outsole extending venting channels.
- the outsole is attached to a shaft having a bottom side lower shaft portion having a lasting impact associated with the underside of a peripheral portion of a perforated mounting sole.
- a waterproof, water vapor permeable membrane is disposed on the underside of the mounting base.
- Sweat moisture which has passed through the perforated mounting base and the membrane into the air-permeable material, can diffuse through the horizontal ventilation channels of the outer peripheral edge of the outsole in the outside environment.
- water which has passed through the ventilation channels in the air-permeable material is prevented by the membrane from passing through the mounting sole into the shoe interior.
- On the inside of the outsole is a nail protection plate, so that this shoe is suitable as a safety shoe.
- Out JP 16-75205 U is a shoe known in which the two approaches above are combined.
- the sole structure of this shoe has a perforated mounting sole, an outsole which is provided at its shoe inner space facing upper side with horizontally extending, opening to the outside of the outsole circumference horizontal grooves and extending from these grooves to the tread through holes, and has a on the Underneath the mounting sole arranged waterproof, water vapor permeable membrane and a disposed between the membrane and the outsole protective layer, for example made of felt.
- a sole-side lower end portion of a shaft is wrapped in the form of a lasting impact on the underside of a peripheral edge portion of the mounting sole.
- the protective layer is in the same plane as the lasting impact and the protective layer extends only between the inner edge of the lasting impact.
- the horizontally extending grooves are open at the periphery of the outsole to the outside environment.
- the perforated insole has air channels which open into arranged in the lower shaft part air passage openings and are continued from these in the manner that the connection of the shoe interior with the outside atmosphere in a higher level than that of the passage openings in lower shaft part takes place.
- the insole has on its lower side opening into the openings transverse grooves, with the bottom of the transverse grooves spaced apart, the insole penetrating vertical holes emanating through which the air can get into the shoe interior.
- the present invention provides a shoe according to claim 1.
- the core of the invention is defined by an air-permeable spacer fabric ventilation space below the sole of the foot, which allows efficient removal of condensation moisture (water vapor), which has passed through the layers below the foot.
- a shoe according to the invention has a shaft arrangement and a sole, wherein the shaft arrangement has a shaft upper material and an air-permeable layer arranged in a shaft bottom.
- the air-permeable layer is arranged in a sole-side lower region of the shaft arrangement above the sole.
- the air-permeable layer has a three-dimensional structure permitting air passage in at least the horizontal direction.
- the upper upper material has at least one air passage opening in a sole-side lower peripheral region, by means of which a connection can be established between the air-permeable layer and the outer environment of the shoe such that an exchange of air between the outer environment and the air-permeable layer can take place. In this way, heat and water vapor can be dissipated from the region of the shaft arrangement located above the air-permeable layer, for example by means of convective air exchange through the air-permeable layer.
- the at least one air passage opening which in conjunction with the air-permeable layer enables the efficient removal of perspiration moisture, is not formed in the outsole, where it is from the standpoint of outsole stability and especially in the case of a shoe with a rather thin outsole for aesthetic reasons can not be particularly large, but in a sole side lower peripheral region of the upper shaft material, where the air passage opening compares easily can make large, achieved thereby already a better exchange of air and thus higher Wasserdampfabloomloom Wennkeit than in a shoe whose at least one air passage opening is formed in the outsole.
- the shaft arrangement with the air-permeable layer has the further advantage that the air-permeable layer, which is positioned between the at least one air passage opening and the shoe interior, can extend directly to the inside of the upper material and not, as in the known solutions according to EP 1 033 924 B1 and JP 16-75205 U is limited to the interior between the Zwickintschsrand of the upper shaft material.
- the air-permeable layer is located above the glued-on lasting sting and can therefore provide a larger exchange surface for water vapor and heat of the sole of the foot. Therefore, in the solution according to the invention, the air-permeable layer may have a significantly larger surface area than in the known solutions, with a correspondingly larger exchange area and thus Wasserdampfabrioskapaztician.
- an at least water-vapor-permeable functional layer is provided at least in a lower region of the shaft arrangement pointing towards the sole, wherein the air-permeable layer is arranged below the functional layer.
- the air-permeable layer is located directly below the waterproof and water-vapor-permeable functional layer.
- both a shank functional layer and a shank bottom functional layer are provided so that water vapor permeability and waterproofness are achieved for both the shank and the shank bottom region of the shoe.
- a water-tight and water-vapor-permeable functional layer for example in the form of a functional layer laminate, is located in the shaft bottom region, the air-permeable layer being located immediately below the functional layer or the functional layer laminate.
- an advantage of the invention lies in the fact that an air exchange and thus a removal of sweat moisture and heat is made possible by the at least one air passage opening in cooperation with the air-permeable layer.
- the diffusion-limiting diffusion path which the water vapor initially has to cover from the underside of the foot to the air-permeable layer, is minimized by the choice of the thinnest possible layer structure of the functional layer and maximizes heat transfer.
- the steam is additionally carried away convectively via the air flow, whereby the water vapor partial pressure difference between the two sides of the functional layer is permanently maintained at a high level.
- the water vapor partial pressure difference between the two sides of the functional layer is a driving force for efficient removal of perspiration moisture.
- heat is also dissipated by the convection. The fact that in the case of a gezucksten shaft, the air-permeable layer is located above the lasting end of the upper shaft material, is approximately the entire sole surface for the steam exchange available.
- a shaft functional layer and a shaft bottom functional layer are part of a sock-like functional layer bootie in which a shaft region is formed by the shaft functional layer and a sole region by the shaft bottom functional layer.
- the shank functional layer and the shank bottom functional layer in the lower shank region are connected to each other and sealed watertight at their common boundary.
- the functional layer of the shaft functional layer and / or the shaft bottom functional layer is part of a multilayer laminate which has at least one textile layer in addition to the functional layer.
- Frequently used laminates are two-, three- or four-ply with a textile layer on one side or one textile layer on each side of the functional layer.
- a shaft bottom functional layer laminate and / or a shaft functional layer laminate are constructed with the laminate.
- the functional layer has a water vapor-permeable membrane.
- the membrane is waterproof and permeable to water vapor.
- the functional layer has a membrane constructed with expanded microporous polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE).
- the air permeable layer is below the shaft bottom functional layer.
- the air-permeable layer is located immediately below the shaft bottom functional layer, which in the case that the shaft bottom functional layer is part of a functional layer laminate, is to include the air-permeable layer immediately below the functional layer laminate.
- At least one air passage opening in the upper shaft material is arranged so that it is at least partially at the same height as the air-permeable layer.
- At least two in the foot transverse direction or in the foot longitudinal direction at least approximately opposite air passage openings are arranged in the lower region of the upper upper material.
- the air exchange is strongly promoted by the relative movement of the shoe wearer to the outside air. Wind and / or walking or running increases the air exchange.
- the lower peripheral portion of the upper shaft material has a plurality of air passage openings arranged along the circumference of the shaft assembly.
- the lower end of the upper sheath material has a separate air-permeable shaft material, which is attached to the upper shaft material and thus is part of the upper shaft material.
- This air-permeable shaft material which extends around most of the shaft circumference or even around the entire shaft circumference, has a plurality of air passage openings due to the air-permeable structure.
- the air-permeable shaft material is attached in the form of a mesh to the lower end of the upper upper material.
- the air-permeable shaft material may be constructed of a perforated or latticed material. This air-permeable shaft material can be made stable in such a way that it gives the shaft the required shape stability despite these air passage openings extending almost or completely around the entire shaft circumference.
- the at least one air passage opening has a total area of at least 50 mm 2 , preferably of at least 100 mm 2 .
- the at least one air passage opening is covered with an air-permeable protective material, for example a protective net or protective grid made of metal or plastic, to hinder the penetration of foreign bodies such as dirt or pebbles through the air passage opening.
- the air-permeable protective material can are located in the region of the lower peripheral region of the upper material of the shaft along the air-permeable layer, either on the outside of the air passage opening or on the inside of the air passage opening between the shaft upper material and the air-permeable layer.
- the at least one air passage opening can be closed by means of a device.
- the device serves for temporary protection against external elements, at least against splash water, so that water can not penetrate directly through the air passage opening.
- the device can be designed in the form of a movable device, for example as a slide, by means of which the at least one air passage opening can be partially or completely closed in order to throttle or prevent the exchange of air between the outside world of the shoe and the air-permeable layer. This may be advantageous, especially at low temperatures (such as in winter), because too strong a cooling effect can occur through the removal of sweat moisture and the associated cooling effect in connection with the exchange of air through the air-permeable layer.
- By closing the air passage openings by means of the movable device, an excessive ingress of water when walking in a very wet environment can be counteracted.
- a fan or blower installed, for example, in the air-permeable layer ensures a constant exchange of air with the environment.
- the performance of the fan can regulate itself independently to maintain a desired setpoint temperature on the foot.
- the fan may be required for a noticeable cooling effect, especially in the case of small or low relative movements between the shoe and ambient air as well as at high ambient temperatures.
- the stiffener and mounting insole are located with which the Zwickeinschlag is glued, below the air-permeable layer.
- the invention is not limited to shoes with a fluted shank but is applicable regardless of how the lower portion of the upper of the upper has been processed to obtain a shank-side shaped shaft arrangement.
- the invention is not limited to shoes with a fluted shank but is applicable regardless of how the lower portion of the upper of the upper has been processed to obtain a shank-side shaped shaft arrangement.
- the Zwick-style also known per se other types are applicable.
- Examples include the Strobel-style, in which the lower portion of the upper shaft material is sewn to the circumference of a mounting sole by means of a so-called Strobelnaht; the Einsch beneficial-Machart (also known as “string-Lasting"), in which at the sole side end portion of the upper shaft material a Schnettunnel, for example in the form of a spiral loop seam, is attached, through which a movable Einindeschnur leads, by means of which the sole side end portion of the upper shaft material can be contracted; and the moccasin-style, in which the shaft, with the exception of the blade, and the shaft bottom are made in one piece from a piece of shaft upper, usually leather.
- all components of the shoe contributing to the breathability are located above a boundary plane between the upper and the sole.
- all components of the shoe with the exception of the ground contacting outsole, are part of the shaft assembly.
- This shank arrangement can be completely completed before the outsole is attached to the shaft arrangement in a temporally and possibly spatially separate second production step for the completion of the shoe.
- the attachment of the outsole can pass immediately after completion of the shaft assembly in a single pass of the shoe manufacture, or with completion of the shaft assembly is first completed a self-contained manufacturing step, after which the shaft assembly thus obtained is brought to another manufacturing location at which the shaft assembly with the Outsole is provided.
- This manufacturing site may be located in the same factory where the stem assembly is made.
- the manufacturing site where the shaft assembly is provided with the outsole may also be located in a very different location than the manufacturing location for the shaft assembly, so that between the step of manufacturing the shaft assembly and the step of mounting the Outsole on the shaft assembly may take place interrupting the manufacturing process, during which the finished shaft assembly is brought to the manufacturing site for attaching the outsole to the shaft assembly.
- the sole is additionally provided with at least one sole passage opening extending through its thickness.
- This embodiment leads to a shoe in whose sole region a removal of sweat moisture and heat both in the vertical direction over the at least one sole passage opening and in the horizontal direction over the at least one air passage opening of the upper upper material is made possible.
- the at least one sole passage opening serves as an aid to improved drainage of water, which has reached an area above the outsole.
- a penetration protection element for example in the form of a nail protection plate, is arranged in or above the outsole for producing a safety shoe. This prevents lying on the floor objects such as nails in particular, which can be entered into the outsole, through these and overlying other elements of the sole structure and the shaft bottom through into the shoe interior penetrate and injure the foot of the user of the shoe.
- the penetration protection element which is for example a steel plate or a plastic plate with corresponding penetration resistance. Since in such a safety shoe, the outsole passing through openings make no sense, because these are covered by the nail protection plate anyway, remains in such a shoe for ventilation in the plantar area and thus improve the climate comfort exclusively the horizontal lateral removal of sweat moisture.
- the air-permeable layer is formed as an air-permeable spacer structure, which is designed so that the air-permeable layer even under load by the foot of the user of the shoe maintains such a distance between the under and over their layers that the air permeability of the air-permeable layer is maintained ,
- the air-permeable spacer structure is at least partially elastically yielding. As a result, the walking comfort of the shoe is increased because with this type of air-permeable spacer structure a shock absorption and a lighter rolling when walking is achieved.
- the air-permeable spacer structure is designed such that at maximum load with the shoe size of the shoe according to the maximum expected weight of the shoe user elastically maximum extent yields so far that even with such a maximum load nor a significant portion of the air conductivity of the the permeable layer forming spacer structure is maintained.
- this proviso for the air-permeable spacer fabric ensures that the air-permeable spacer structure is not completely compressed under load by the user of the shoe with loss of its air permeability, but that it is the distance function and thus the air permeability of the spacer structure even under load by the user of the shoe to a sufficient for the ventilation function dimensions.
- the air-permeable spacer structure has a first support surface forming sheet and a plurality of perpendicularly and / or at an angle between 0 ° and 90 ° away from the sheet extending spacers.
- the spacer structure has two mutually parallel sheets. Each of the fabrics forms one of the two bearing surfaces of the spacer structure.
- spacer elements must have the same length in order to make the two support surfaces equidistant over the entire areal extent of the spacer structure.
- the spacer elements may be formed separately, that is, they are not connected to each other between the two bearing surfaces. But it is also possible to let the spacer elements touch between the two bearing surfaces or to fix at least a portion of the contact points formed thereby to each other, for example by adhesive or in that the spacer elements of one another weldable material, such as a klebemap by heating expectant material.
- the spacer elements may be rod-shaped or thread-like individual elements or sections of a more complex structure, for example a truss or latticework.
- the spacer elements can also be connected to one another in a zigzag shape or in the form of a cross lattice.
- the spacer structure is constructed with a consolidated knit, wherein the solidification for example by gluing, for which a synthetic resin adhesive can be used, or by thermal action, by constructing the spacer with thermoplastic material and this for solidification to a softening temperature which this material glued together, is heated.
- the spacer structure is constructed with a material selected from the group of materials polyolefins, polyamides or polyesters.
- the spacer structure is constructed with fibers, of which at least a part is arranged as a spacer perpendicularly between the fabrics.
- the fibers are constructed with a flexible, deformable material.
- the fibers are made of polyolefins, polyester or polyamide.
- the fabrics are constructed with open-pored woven, knitted or knitted textile materials.
- the air-permeable spacer structure is formed by two mutually parallel air-permeable sheets, which are interconnected by means of mono- or multifilaments permeable to air and at the same time spaced.
- the sheets are constructed with a material selected from the group of materials of polyolefins, polyamides or polyesters.
- At least a portion of the monofilaments or multifilaments of the spacer structure are arranged as spacers approximately perpendicularly between the fabrics.
- the mono- or multifilaments consist of polyolefins and / or polyesters and / or polyamides.
- An air-permeable spacer structure of the type mentioned designed for use as an air-permeable layer in a shaft bottom of a shaft arrangement of a shoe, represents a self-inventive subject matter.
- the air-permeable layer or the air-permeable spacer structure forming it has the function of a ventilation sizing whose ventilation effect is based on a very low flow resistance for air.
- the air exchange causes an efficient removal of moisture in the form of water vapor from the shoe interior to the shoe outside.
- Another advantage of the present invention is that due to the arrangement of the air-permeable layer according to the invention in the shaft bottom region of the shaft assembly conventional soles can be used without additional modifications. Especially in mountain shoes and trekking shoes, the border area between sole and shaft assembly is sealed from the outside along the shoe circumference with an additional rubber sole band. This band must also be perforated in the area of the air passage openings.
- Shell soles can be used for embodiments of the invention, for example, if the air passage openings in the shaft material are arranged above the shell edge or if the additional sole band at the locations where it lies above the at least one air passage opening of the upper shaft material, in turn with one or more corresponding air passage openings is provided.
- the at least one air passage opening may have any shape.
- the at least one air passage opening has a round shape, for example, is circular or elliptical.
- the shape of the at least one air passage opening may also be square, for example, may have the shape of a square or an elongated rectangle.
- Suitable materials for the waterproof, water-vapor-permeable functional layer are in particular polyurethane, polyolefins and polyesters, including polyether esters and their laminates, as described in the printed publications US-A-4,725,418 and US-A-4,493,870 are described.
- the functional layer is constructed with microporous, stretched polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) as described, for example, in references US-A-3,953,566 such as US-A-4,187,390 and stretched polytetrafluoroethylene provided with hydrophilic impregnating agents and / or hydrophilic layers; see for example the publication US-A-4,194,041 ,
- ePTFE microporous, stretched polytetrafluoroethylene
- a microporous functional layer is understood as meaning a functional layer whose average effective pore size is between 0.1 and 2 ⁇ m, preferably between 0.2 ⁇ m and 0.3 ⁇ m.
- Whether a shoe is waterproof can e.g. are tested with a centrifuge arrangement of the type described in US-A-5,329,807.
- an air-permeable layer for example, is a distance structure, as it is in itself DE 102 40 802 A2 is known, but there in connection with an infrared-reflective material for clothing.
- the air-permeable layer can be, for example, a shaped structure made of polymers, a 3D spacer or a textile polymerized with polymer resins Be structure.
- the air pervious layer may also be made by an injection molding process, in one embodiment it may have a channel or tubular configuration, or be formed of polymer or metal foams.
- Shaped structures of polymers are based on polymer monofilaments, fabrics, nonwovens or scrims which are formed by means of deformation and fixation of the materials to a ribbed, knobbed or zigzag structure.
- the structure may also be a 3-dimensional structure, for example made of polypropylene, in the form of a filament fabric placed, for example, in a wavy or other shape into a 3D structure.
- the deformation and fixation can be carried out, for example, via a heated structural roller or as a thermoforming process.
- the shaped structures may additionally be laminated with a woven or non-woven fabric to improve dimensional stability.
- One possible method for producing such shaped structures is, for example, in the patent application WO 2006/056398 A1 described.
- the air-permeable layer can also be formed from a 3D spacer structure.
- spacers are usually made of polyester multi- or monofilaments.
- Spacers may be spacer, spacer, spacer, or spacer.
- the active technology makes it possible to vary both the top and bottom of the fabric surfaces as well as the spacer thread (pile thread) independently of each other. Thus, the surfaces and the hardness including the spring characteristic can be adjusted depending on the type of individual application. Spacers are characterized by a very high air circulation in all directions, even under load.
- a spacer structure for example in the form of a spacer knitted fabric, can also be produced by impregnating fabrics which are soaked with synthetic resin before or after deformation into a 3-dimensional structure to obtain the desired rigidity.
- inorganic fibers such as glass fibers or carbon fibers can be selected.
- Table 1 Selection of possible usable materials for the air-permeable layer template Manufacturer characteristics product name Thickness in mm Basis weight in g / m 2 Air volume in% polymer 1 Colbond bv 3D mat structure made of monofilaments, thermoformed to a zig-zag structure ENKA Spacer: 8006H 5006C 7004H 3-12 100-2000 >70> 90 Polyester Polyamides Polyolefins 2 Colbond bv 3D mat structure made of monofilaments, which are welded together at their crossing points ENKA Spacer: 7008 3-12 100-2000 >70> 90 Polyester Polyamides Polyolefins 3 Müller textile 3D spacers 3-mesh 3-12 100-1500 Polyester monofilament or multifilament 4 Tylex Letovice as 3D spacers Tylspace 3-12 100-1500 Polyester monofilament or multifilament
- the air-permeable layer is to maintain a distance between the foot and the outsole and form a plurality of passages which oppose as little resistance as possible to an air flow and thus contribute to the transport of water vapor and heat without adsorbing the water vapor.
- the air permeable layer has no or at least substantially no capillary action.
- the breathable layer will be at her Bottom side of the mounting base and / or a filling layer and / or the outsole closed and is open at least on its periphery in an air permeability permitting manner.
- the air permeable sheet is additionally open on its upper surface also in an air permeability permitting manner.
- the upper surface of the air-permeable layer facing the shaft interior is in one embodiment directed towards a watertight and possibly also water-vapor-permeable functional layer.
- the determination of the air permeability of spacers is based on DIN EN ISO 9237 "Determination of air permeability of textile fabrics".
- the flow velocity and the differential pressure are measured not perpendicular to the surface but along the surface.
- a definite distance channel defined by closed cover surfaces is constructed, into which an air flow is fed from one side.
- the differential pressure between inlet and outlet from the duct and the flow velocity at the air outlet are measured.
- flow velocities between 0 and 1 m / s were measured at the end of the channel between 300 mm and 1300 mm long. This means that a spacer structure which produces no measurable flow at the outlet at a back pressure of up to 100 Pa and a flow channel length of 300 mm at the outlet should not be suitable for the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a shoe 10, which has a shaft assembly 12 and attached to the lower end portion of the shaft assembly 12 sole 14, which in the case of this embodiment is an outsole.
- the shaft assembly 12 has in the usual way at its upper end a soliciteinschlüpfö réelle 12 a, from which extends a lacing portion 12 b in the direction of the forefoot portion of the shaft assembly 12.
- a plurality of air passage openings 20 arranged around a part of the circumference of the shaft arrangement 12 can be seen.
- no air vents provided In the front part of the forefoot area, which corresponds approximately to the toe area of the shoe, in this embodiment no air vents provided.
- the air passage openings 20 are uniformly distributed around the remaining peripheral region of the shaft assembly 12 at approximately the same distance from one another and are of circular design. Furthermore, the air passage openings 20 are provided with an air-permeable protective cover 22 to prevent the penetration of coarse particles such as stones.
- the protective cover 22 may cover the air passage opening from outside and / or from inside.
- a protective cover 22 may be associated with each individual air passage opening 20 or an entire protective cover 22 extends over all air passage openings.
- the protective cover 22 may be formed, for example, grid or net shape.
- FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of a shoe 10, which largely with the in FIG. 1 However, it differs from the first embodiment in terms of the arrangement and shape of the air passage openings 20 shown.
- the air passage openings 20 of the in FIG. 2 Shoe shown have an elongated rectangular shape in the circumferential direction of the shaft assembly 12 and are located in the forefoot or heel region of the shaft circumference in the lower end of the shaft assembly.
- the air passage openings 20 also have a grid-shaped protective cover 22.
- FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of a shoe 10, which largely with the in FIG. 2 shown second embodiment, but differs from the second embodiment in the arrangement of the air passage openings 20.
- the air passage openings 20 have an elongated rectangular shape in the circumferential direction of the shaft assembly 12. However, only in the forefoot area of the shaft circumference are air passage openings 20 which are at least approximately opposite in the transverse direction of the foot.
- the air passage openings 20 are covered with a grid-shaped protective cover 22.
- FIG. 3 also shows on behalf of all embodiments of the FIGS. 1 to 4 a device 45, by means of which the air passage openings 20 can be closed if necessary.
- the illustrated movable device 45 comprises means with which an at least water-repellent material temporarily the air passage opening 20 closes.
- an at least water-repellent material can be pushed along the circumference of the shaft over the air passage opening 20 until it is closed.
- the pusher may be provided for each one air passage opening or for a plurality of air passage openings.
- the movable device 45 allows the air passage opening and thus the air-permeable layer (not shown) of the shaft assembly 12 to be temporarily protected against the ingress of liquids such as water.
- the closing of the air passage openings may also be advantageous in winter or in very cold temperatures, as this can prevent over-cooling of the foot.
- a device for closing the air passage openings plug, slide, flaps, a circulating belt and all other closure mechanisms can be used.
- Possible materials for closing the air passage opening may be plastics, foams, coated textiles, TPU, TPE, silicone, polyolefins, polyamides vulcanizates.
- FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of a shoe 10, which largely with the in FIG. 1 but differs from the first embodiment in that the air passage openings 20 are formed by an air-permeable material which extends around the entire circumference of the lower shaft portion.
- the air-permeable material is part of the upper upper material.
- it may be a separate perforated, latticed or reticulated material attached to the sole side lower peripheral portion of the upper of the upper, or the upper of the upper itself is mechanically processed in this lower peripheral portion such as by punching or perforating.
- air-permeable material nets, meshes, mesh-like fabrics, open-cell foams, air-permeable fabrics, and combinations of these materials may be used. These materials can be, for example consist of polyesters, polyamides, polyolefins, TPE, TPU, vulcanizates.
- All embodiments in the FIGS. 1 to 4 is common that at least two air passage openings in the foot transverse direction or in the foot longitudinal direction are at least approximately opposite.
- an air flow through the air-permeable layer can form, which is conducive to the removal of water vapor and heat from the inside of the shoe by means of convection.
- the airflow can also be actively generated with a built-in fan.
- FIGS. 1 to 4 can also be combined with each other.
- FIGS. 5 to 9 each show a cross-section through part of the forefoot portion of a shoe 10, along the section line AA in FIG FIG. 1 , If such a cutting line only in FIG. 1 is shown, the cross-sectional views of FIGS. 5 to 9 equally for those in the FIGS. 2 to 4 shown embodiments.
- the FIGS. 5 to 9 each show a shaft assembly 12 with an attached sole 14, which represents an outsole in the illustrated embodiment.
- the in the FIGS. 5 to 9 shown embodiments differ with respect to the respective shaft assembly 12th
- All shaft assemblies 12 of the embodiments in the FIGS. 5 to 9 have a shaft upper 16, on the inside of which there is a lining, which either has a bootie functional layer 34 (FIG. Figures 5 or 9 ), a shank functional layer 37 ( FIGS. 6 or 7 ) or only one feed layer 18 without functional layer ( FIG. 8 ) having.
- a shaft bottom functional layer is located in the region of the shaft bottom 15.
- the shank functional layer and the shank bottom functional layer may be common parts of a functional layer boat 39 (FIG. Figures 5 or 9 ) or they may be separate functional layer parts which are sealed against each other ( FIGS. 6 and 7 ). In FIG. 8 only the shoe bottom has a functional layer.
- all of these functional layers are part of a multi-layer functional layer laminate, in the illustrated embodiments of a three-layer functional layer laminate 24, 27 or 28 with a functional layer 34, 37 and 38 embedded between two sheets 25 and 26, respectively.
- the fabrics in FIGS. 25 and 26 may typically be one textile layer at a time.
- the shaft functional layer 37 or the shaft functional layer laminate 27 (FIG. FIGS. 6 and 7 ) or the feed layer 18 (FIG. FIG. 8 ) may be secured by means of a Strobelnaht 32 to a mounting base 30.
- an air-permeable layer 40 (FIG. FIGS. 5 to 9 At least approximately at the level of the at least one air passage opening 20.
- a sole-side lower end region of the upper upper material 16 is either as a lasting impact 16a by means of Zwickklebstoffbstoff (not shown) on the underside of the mounting base 30 ( Figures 5 and 9 ) or the air-permeable layer 40 (FIG. FIGS. 6 and 7 ). Or the sole-side lower end region of the upper upper material 16 is connected by means of a further Strobelnaht 33 with another mounting sole 30a ( FIG. 8 ).
- the upper 16 is constructed with a moisture vapor permeable material. Also with water vapor permeable material are arranged above the shaft bottom functional layer laminate 28 mounting base 30 ( FIGS. 6 to 8 ) and the feed layer 18 (FIG. FIG. 8 ) built up. All located below the air-permeable layer 40 layers of the shaft bottom, such as the mounting base 30 in Figure 5, the filling layers 31 in the FIGS. 6 and 7 and the other mounting brine 30a in FIG. 8 do not need to have water vapor permeability.
- FIGS. 5 to 9 are the air passage openings 20 of the upper shaft material 16 close to the Abwinklungs Society the embraced lower end portion of the Schaftobermaterials 16, namely at such a height that the air passage openings 20 at least approximately at the same level as the peripheral side surfaces 42 of the air-permeable layer 40.
- the air passage openings 20 preferably have a vertical extent approximately equal to the vertical thickness of the air-permeable layer 40 and the air passage openings 20 and the air-permeable layer 40 in vertical Direction relative to each other aligned so that a horizontal center plane of the air-permeable layer 40 and a central axis of the respective air passage opening 20 are at least approximately the same vertical height.
- the sole 14 is connected to the lower portion of the shaft assembly 12 so as to be flush with the underside of the impact forming lower end portion 16a of the upper 16 of the upper and the portion of the lower surface of the upper which is not covered by this impact. communicates.
- a unevenness on the underside of the shaft bottom, in particular caused by a lasting impact 16a of the shaft upper 16, can be compensated by a filling layer 31.
- the sole 14 may be constructed with waterproof material which is rubber or a rubber-like elastic plastic, for example an elastomer. However, the sole 14 may also be made of material permeable to water vapor such as leather.
- the sole 14 may be a prefabricated sole which is glued to the shaft assembly 12, or a sole molded onto the shaft assembly 12.
- a running surface of this sole located on the underside of the sole 14 is provided with a groove pattern in the usual way in order to form profile projections which improve the slip resistance of the shoe 10 provided with such a sole 14.
- an upper edge 14 a of the sole 14 terminates below the lower end of the respective air passage opening 20.
- a mainly serving as scree rubber edge be attached For example, by adhering to the upper upper material 16 and the upper edge 14 a of the sole, for example, the same color as the sole 14 has.
- the rubber rim at the passage openings 20 corresponding points in turn provided with air passage openings.
- the air passage openings 20 are provided with an air-permeable protective cover 22, which is formed for example by a net or mesh of metal or plastic or by a textile material with high air permeability and thus high water vapor permeability.
- the protective cover 22 may be on the outside ( Figures 5 . 6 . 8th and 9 ) or the inside ( FIG. 7 ) of the respective air passage opening 20 are located.
- each air passage opening 20 is associated with its own protective cover 22 or each part of the air passage openings 20 or all air passage openings 20 is associated with a common protective cover strip which extends over the corresponding number of the air passage openings 20.
- FIGS. 5 to 9 will now be considered in more detail.
- the functional layer on the inside of the upper upper 16 and the functional layer on the upper side of the air permeable layer 40 are both part of a sock-like bootie 39 which lines the entire upper 12 with the exception of the foot insertion 12a.
- a bootie is usually sewn together from several functional layer parts, wherein the seams are pasted over with waterproof seam sealing tape and made waterproof in this way.
- the bootie could also be made of one piece of material, which would no longer require the need to sew and seal it.
- the bootie is constructed with the already mentioned functional layer laminate 24.
- the shaft assembly 12 is thus waterproof and after addition of a sole 14 there is a waterproof shoe.
- the air-permeable layer 40 is arranged in the shaft bottom region immediately below the functional layer laminate 24 of the bootie 39. In this case, the air-permeable layer 40 extends over the entire shaft bottom region and is thus available to the entire sole of the foot for the steam and heat exchange.
- the mounting sole 40 On the underside of which the twill flap 16a of the sole-side lower end region is fastened by means of a Zwickklebstoff (not shown).
- a separate mounting sole it is also possible in certain designs, to make the bottom or lower bearing surface of the air-permeable layer 40 correspondingly stable, so that the lasting impact can be fastened to this underside.
- the air-permeable layer additionally assumes the function of a mounting sole.
- the shaft bottom functional layer laminate 28 is located below the mounting sole 30 and extends below the wrapped end portion 27a of the shaft functional layer laminate 27 and is watertightly connected to the end portion 27a via a sealing material (not shown), for example in the form of a sealing adhesive, so that the shoe inner space passes through the shoe interior Cooperation of the mutually sealed functional layers 37 and 38 with the exception of practitionereinschlüpfö réelle 12 a and the Schnur Schemes 12 b of the shoe 10 is completely waterproof, as when using a functional layer bootie. It is also possible to waterproof the shaft bottom functional layer above the mounting sole to the shaft functional layer laminate.
- the shaft bottom functional layer 38 extends below the embossed end region 27a and thus beyond the strobe seam 32, the strobe seam 32 is also sealed by the shaft bottom functional layer 38.
- the air permeable layer 40 is disposed.
- the lasting weft 16a of the upper 16 is secured by means of a Zwickklebstoffs (not shown).
- the air-permeable layer also assumes the function of a mounting sole. In principle, it would also be possible to provide a separate mounting base below the air-permeable layer.
- the unevenness on the underside of the shaft bottom 15 caused by the lasting impact 16a of the upper material 16 is compensated by the filling layer 31 in the manner already mentioned.
- FIG. 7 The embodiment shown differs from that in FIG. 6 shown embodiment only in that the protective cover 22 is not disposed on the outside but on the inside of the shaft upper material 16 directly along the peripheral side surfaces 42 of the air-permeable layer 40 and the inside in front of the air passage opening 20.
- FIG. 8 The embodiment shown differs from the embodiments according to FIGS. 5 to 7 on the one hand by the fact that the upper 16 is provided with only one feed layer 18 but not with a shank functional layer except for a lower region near the shank bottom 15, and on the other hand by having two mounting soles and two strobe seams.
- the feed layer 18 has at a bottom side bottom side a Futterlageneinschlag 18 a, which is connected by means of a Strobelnaht 32 with a mounting base 30.
- the sole-side lower end region 16a of the upper upper material 16 is connected by means of a further Strobelnaht 33 with another mounting sole 30a.
- the shaft bottom functional layer 38 which again may be part of a shaft bottom functional layer laminate, has on its outer periphery an upwardly upstanding collar 38a which projects into a gap between the upper 16 and the liner 18. Between the shaft bottom functional layer 38 and the shaft bottom functional layer laminate and the further mounting sole 30a, the air-permeable layer 40 is arranged.
- the shaft bottom functional layer laminate may also be disposed above the mounting sole.
- the upper shaft area is not waterproof.
- the shoe is according to FIG. 8 especially suitable for use where less wetness from above than wetness from below and from the side has to be reckoned with, ie when walking or hiking in humid environments when it is not raining, or when you are only in the snow for a short time Stops rain.
- FIG. 9 embodiment shown substantially corresponds to the embodiment shown in Figure 5.
- the mounting base 30 is designed so that the air-permeable layer 40 directed towards the surface of the mounting base 30 rises at an angle in the middle and projects into the air-permeable layer.
- the lower bearing surface of the air-permeable Layer 40 raised or compressed according to the angled elevation of the mounting sole 30.
- formed within the air-permeable layer two inclined planes, starting from the center in the direction of the peripheral side surfaces 42 downwardly and thus facilitate the drainage of any existing water in the air-permeable layer 40.
- Such an embodiment of the mounting sole 30 can also for the embodiments in the FIGS. 5 to 8 be provided.
- spacer structures 60 are shown, which are suitable for the air-permeable layer 40 according to the invention. All of these distance formations is to own, that they form two spaced support surfaces, wherein the distance structure rests with the lower support surface on the respective support and whose upper support surface serves as a support surface for the located above the spacer structure layer, which is in particular the bottom area the functional layer booties ( FIG. 5 or 9 ) or the shaft bottom functional layer laminate ( FIGS. 6 to 8 ).
- the two bearing surfaces are either either each formed by a sheet, which are held by means of intermediate spacer elements at a distance from each other and of which at least the upper is air-permeable ( FIG. 11 ).
- the lower bearing surface is formed by a fabric, stand up from the spacer elements whose free ends form support points, which together have the function of the upper support surface ( Figures 10 . 12 and 14 ).
- This distance structure 60 consists in one embodiment of an initially flat knit or a solid material which, after being brought into the shape shown, for example, by a deep drawing process, is so stiff or stiffened that it retains this shape under the load, which it is exposed to when walking with the shoe, which is equipped with this distance structure.
- a deep-drawing process it is also possible to use other measures already mentioned, namely deformation and stiffening by a thermoforming process or impregnation with a synthetic resin curing to the desired shape and rigidity.
- FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of a suitable as an air-permeable layer 40 spacer structure 60
- the upper and lower support surface are formed by two mutually parallel air-permeable sheets 62 and 64, which are selected for example from the group of polyolefins, polyamides or polyesters, wherein the sheets 62 and 64 are interconnected by supporting fibers 66 air-permeable and spaced at the same time. At least a portion of the fibers 66 are disposed as spacers at least approximately perpendicularly between the sheets 62 and 64.
- the fibers 66 are made of a flexible, deformable material such as polyester or polypropylene.
- the air may flow through the sheets 62 and 64 and between the fibers 66.
- the fabrics 62 and 64 are open-pored woven, knitted or knitted textile materials.
- Such a spacer fabric 60 may be the aforementioned spacer fabric available from Tylex or Müller Textil.
- FIG. 12 shown spacer structure 60 has a similar structure as that in FIG. 10 However, shown spacers, but consists of a knitted fabric or Gewirkkefilêtn which are brought into this form and solidified, for example, by a thermal process or impregnation with synthetic resin in this form.
- FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of a spacer structure 60 with zigzag or sawtooth profile, to which a first flat material has been formed, such that the upper and lower vertices 60a and 60b, the upper and lower define lower bearing surface of this spacer 60.
- the spacer 60 of this shape can be formed by the already mentioned methods and solidified to the desired stiffness.
- FIG. 14 shows a further embodiment of a spacer structure 60, which is suitable as the inventive air-permeable layer 40.
- spacers are formed by the single bottom sheet 68 not by protrusions or protrusions but by tufts 70 which are upstanding from the sheet 68 and whose top free ends together define the top support surface.
- the tufts 70 can be applied by flocking the lower fabric 68.
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP16180543.7A EP3117727B1 (de) | 2008-06-11 | 2009-06-08 | Schuh mit belüftung im unteren schaftbereich und dafür verwendbares luftdurchlässiges abstandsgebilde |
DK16180543.7T DK3117727T3 (da) | 2008-06-11 | 2009-06-08 | Sko med ventilation i det nedre overlæderområde og hertil anvendelig luftgennemtrængelig afstandsenhed |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102008027856A DE102008027856A1 (de) | 2008-06-11 | 2008-06-11 | Schuh mit Belüftung im unteren Schaftbereich und dafür verwendbares luftdurchlässiges Abstandsgebilde |
PCT/EP2009/004109 WO2009149887A1 (de) | 2008-06-11 | 2009-06-08 | Schuh mit belüftung im unteren schaftbereich und dafür verwendbares luftdurchlässiges abstandsgebilde |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP16180543.7A Division EP3117727B1 (de) | 2008-06-11 | 2009-06-08 | Schuh mit belüftung im unteren schaftbereich und dafür verwendbares luftdurchlässiges abstandsgebilde |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2328435A1 EP2328435A1 (de) | 2011-06-08 |
EP2328435B1 true EP2328435B1 (de) | 2016-08-03 |
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Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP09761450.7A Active EP2328435B1 (de) | 2008-06-11 | 2009-06-08 | Schuh mit belüftung im unteren schaftbereich |
EP09761449.9A Active EP2317885B1 (de) | 2008-06-11 | 2009-06-08 | Schuh mit belüftung im unteren schaftbereich |
EP16180543.7A Active EP3117727B1 (de) | 2008-06-11 | 2009-06-08 | Schuh mit belüftung im unteren schaftbereich und dafür verwendbares luftdurchlässiges abstandsgebilde |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP09761449.9A Active EP2317885B1 (de) | 2008-06-11 | 2009-06-08 | Schuh mit belüftung im unteren schaftbereich |
EP16180543.7A Active EP3117727B1 (de) | 2008-06-11 | 2009-06-08 | Schuh mit belüftung im unteren schaftbereich und dafür verwendbares luftdurchlässiges abstandsgebilde |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
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US (5) | US9192208B2 (xx) |
EP (3) | EP2328435B1 (xx) |
JP (2) | JP5291191B2 (xx) |
KR (3) | KR101302938B1 (xx) |
CN (5) | CN104757729B (xx) |
CA (2) | CA2727142C (xx) |
DE (1) | DE102008027856A1 (xx) |
DK (3) | DK3117727T3 (xx) |
HK (4) | HK1201702A1 (xx) |
PL (2) | PL2328435T3 (xx) |
RU (2) | RU2442512C1 (xx) |
WO (2) | WO2009149886A1 (xx) |
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2008
- 2008-06-11 DE DE102008027856A patent/DE102008027856A1/de not_active Ceased
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