Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
  • C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
  • C12N9/78—Hydrolases (3) acting on carbon to nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds (3.5)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
  • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
  • C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
  • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
  • C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
  • C12N15/64—General methods for preparing the vector, for introducing it into the cell or for selecting the vector-containing host
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
  • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
  • C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
  • C12N15/70—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for E. coli
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
  • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
  • C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
  • C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
  • C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
  • C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
  • C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
  • C12N15/8271—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
  • C12N15/8274—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for herbicide resistance
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
  • E01B7/00—Switches; Crossings
  • E01B7/02—Tongues; Associated constructions
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
  • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
  • E01B9/38—Indirect fastening of rails by using tie-plates or chairs; Fastening of rails on the tie-plates or in the chairs
  • E01B9/40—Tie-plates for flat-bottom rails

Definitions

• Base plate for fastening the rails of railroad tracks and switches to wooden sleepers
• the invention relates to a backing plate, in particular a ribbed plate, for attachment of the rails of railway tracks and turnouts on wooden sleepers, or other non-homogeneous material, each of which is connected near its ends by means engaging in through holes screws' or the like with the threshold, while in Plate area between the sleeper-side fastening points, the rail foot is supported in each case.
• the base plates that are usually used in the construction of railroad tracks and switches are each fastened to the wooden sleepers by four screws or the like. In this case, fastening with constant screwing forces is sought. These screw-in forces should be up to 35 kN for a single screw, but can also reach up to 50 kN. Therefore, the base plate can be subjected to a surface load of approximately 200 kN due to these high screw-in forces.
• a standard ribbed plate URp 206 such as is currently used for fastening rails UIC 60 on wooden sleepers, achieves a longitudinal stiffness that can enable a practically deformation-free introduction of the maximum surface load of 200 kN, it should Instead of the normal thickness of 20 mm, a thickness dimension of about 35 mm is obtained if a perfectly "evenly distributed surface pressure is to be achieved on the wooden sleeper ceiling.
• DE-OS 29 19 461 discloses an elastically preloaded base plate produced by rolling or pressing, the initial shape of which is convexly arched in such a way that it does not lift off from it after being fastened to the wooden sleeper ceiling and therefore does not rise when driving through the wagon wheels pumps. This form of training and function also eliminates the spring rings otherwise required.
• the contact surface always has a prestressed contact with the wooden threshold ceiling. However, it can only be made from a material whose yield strength is at least 520 N / mm 2 .
• the complicated base plates such as sliding chair plates and support block plates, can be produced most economically today by casting, mostly using nodular cast iron GGG 40.3. Cast steel is out of the question; on the one hand because it is too expensive, but on the other hand also because it cannot be cast with sufficient dimensional accuracy and therefore requires expensive post-processing.
• the invention aims to eliminate the inadequacies which are peculiar to the known base plates of the generic type. It is therefore based on the object of specifying a base plate of the type specified in more detail at the outset, which, after simple fastening, is fastened to the wood using screws or the like. - S -
• the so-called platen - ensures a constantly more secure and larger surface than previously on the sleeper ceiling, and eliminates the so-called pumping when driving through the wagon wheels.
• the base plate When the fastening screws passing through the through holes are tightened, the base plate is initially only braced with the platforms against the wooden sleeper ceiling, in the course of which the screwing forces increase continuously, a load is created on the base plate which causes a convex curvature of its rail support area sets through which this is pressed onto the wooden sleeper ceiling and is thus stabilized against the so-called pumping.
• the invention provides according to claim 2 that the Po ⁇ deste are integrally formed on the underside of the plate.
• the platforms are formed by insert parts made of sheet metal or plastic and are clamped or locked to the plate.
• the platforms according to the proposal of claim 4 have a thickness of approximately 1 to 1.5 mm.
• the free space for sinking the platforms that is initially created in this way in relation to the wooden sleeper ceiling is completely sufficient to ensure the convex curvature of the base plates after tightening the fastening screws.
• the proposed solution according to the invention has the particular advantage that the base plates, regardless of whether they have a simple 'or have a complicated design, of any suitable material' can be made and in the usual manner ge.
• each through hole is assigned its own platform area and in which the adjacent platform areas are separated from one another by a longitudinal groove.
• the distance of the boundary edge of the platforms from the boundary edge of the associated through-hole can preferably be chosen larger than the diameter of the through-hole.
• a design according to claim 7 has proven particularly useful, according to which the distance ratio of the outer and the inner platform cross edges relative to the through-hole boundary edge is approximately 1.2: 1, so that the distance of the outer platform cross edges from the The axis of the through hole turns out to be approximately 20% larger than the distance between the inner transverse transverse edge and the axis of the through hole.
• the platforms have a polygonal, e.g. about rectangular or square outline shape, because this also has a favorable influence on the deformation behavior of the base plates.
• the invention further proposes, according to claim 9, that grooves are provided in the underside of the panel in each case adjacent to the inner longitudinal and longitudinal edges of the platform. It also seems advantageous to provide corresponding ring grooves in the area of the two bores, into which the bulges of the platform plates engage.
• claim 10 proposes that the side parts forming the pedestals have hooked-out or hook-like tongues that are unclipped from their plane and have recesses provided in the underside of the plate can be brought into alignment and holding engagement.
• the supplementary parts forming the platforms can extend over the entire width of the plate, the clamping or latching tongues and a cutout additionally provided between them being approximately half the length of the supplementary parts.
• a recess or groove is provided on the longitudinal center line of the plate in the area of the pedestals such that the resultants from the threshold screw force lie in one plane with the resultants from the surface pressure. So far, the plates have also been concavely curved in the middle.
• FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a base plate designed as a cast rib slide chair plate with cast-on pedestals
• FIG. 2 the rib slide chair plate according to FIG. 1 seen in the direction of arrow II and partly in longitudinal section along the lines A-B and C-D in FIG. 1
• FIG. 3 shows a section along the line E-F in FIG. 1,
• FIG. 4 shows a representation of the rib slide chair plate corresponding to FIG. 2, the forces and moments occurring when the fastening screws are tightened being shown, and also those resulting from the -G-
• FIG. 5 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 3, the forces arising from the tightening of the fastening screws and the resultant from the surface pressures being indicated, FIG.
• FIG. 6 shows a plan view corresponding to FIG. 1 of a modified design for a ribbed sliding chair plate
• FIG. 7 shows a view of the rib slide chair plate in the direction of arrow 7 in FIG. 6, this being shown partially cut in the areas G-H and I-K in FIG. 1, in which the platforms consist of underlying metal sheets or plastic parts.
• FIG. 8 shows a section along the line L-M-N-0 in FIG. 6,
• FIG. 9 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 7, but the forces and moments occurring when the fastening screws are tightened and also the resultants from the surface pressure are indicated and
• FIG. 10 shows a section corresponding to FIG. 8 with an indication of the forces arising from the tightening of the fastening screws and of the resultant - / O -
• 1 to 5 of the drawing show, as an example of application of the invention, a cast rib slide chair plate 1, as used for the construction of railway switches in connection with wooden sleepers 2.
• the rib sliding chair plate 1 has a relatively long and narrow base plate 3, which on its upper side integrally supports the ribs 4 on one side and the sliding chair 5 on the other side.
• the base plate 3 is each provided with two through holes 7 which serve to receive the fastening screws (not shown) for forming the fastening points on the threshold side.
• the base plate 3 itself forms the support for the rail foot of a fixed rail (not shown), while on the other hand the sliding chair 5 serves as a support for the rail foot of an - also not shown - Switch tongue serves.
• the base plate 3 On its underside, the base plate 3 is formed only in the area of the through holes 7 for the fastening screws with platforms 8 projecting from the plane of the plate. which have a relatively low height, for example between 1.0 and 2.0 mm, and which on the threshold top surface
• the platforms 8 are integrally formed in one piece onto the underside of the base plate 3, in such a way that each through-hole area 7 is assigned its own platform area 8.
• These platforms 8 have a polygonal, e.g. an approximately square outline shape.
• each pedestal 8 is delimited by a transverse groove 15 located in the underside of the base plate 3, while the inner longitudinal edges 14 thereof are each located on a base 22 in the bottom side of the base plate 3 - on the longitudinal center 22-22 of the base plate 3 lying - adjoin longitudinal groove 16.
• Each platform 8 has a relative position to the associated through hole area 7 of the base plate 3 such that its outer transverse edge 10 is at a distance 18 from the axis 17 of this through hole 7, which is greater than the distance 19 which the inner transverse edge 13 has from it Has axis 17. -72.-
• the distance 20 of the outer longitudinal edge 11 of each platform 8 from the axis 17 of the associated through hole 7 should expediently have the same dimension as the distance 21 of the inner longitudinal edge 14 from this axis 17.
• the ratio of the distances 18 and 19 of the outer and inner transverse transverse edges 10 and 13 relative to the longitudinal axis 17 of the through hole 7 is approximately 1.2: 1, so that the Ab ⁇ level of the through hole boundary edge from the outer transverse edge 10 is 20% larger than the distance of the inner boundary edge 13 from this through hole boundary edge.
• the base plate 3 When the rib slide chair plate 1 is attached to the wooden sleeper 2, the base plate 3 initially only lies on the sleeper top surface 9 of the wooden sleeper 2 with the lower end faces of its platforms 8, as is made clear by FIG. 2. However, the area of the base plate 3 that supports the ribs 4 and the sliding chair 5 is at a distance 28 from the threshold cover surface 9, as can also be seen in FIG. 2.
• each post area 8 Since the resultant from the surface pressure 24 of each post area 8 has an offset position 25 relative to the axis 17 of the associated through-hole 7, which is determined by the difference between the two distances 18 and 19, the tightening of the fastening screw results a torque in the area of each platform area 8, which acts in the direction of arrow 26 on the base plate 3 and thereby bends or deforms it convexly down to ' contact with the wooden sleeper ceiling, as can be seen in FIG. 4. As a result, the distance 22 between the underside 27 of the base plate 3 and the threshold cover surface 9 is overcome, ie the underside 27 of the base plate 3 comes onto the threshold cover surface 9 for the support, as can be seen in FIG. 4.
• the bending moment caused by the fastening screws and causing the convex deformation of the base plate 3 is therefore dependent on the offset position 25 between the resultant of the surface pressure 24 of the platforms and the sleeper screw axis 17 of the associated through-hole 7 for this fastening screw.
• the convex tensioning of the base plate 3 caused by this bending moment is based on the fact that the platforms 8 in the area of their inner transverse edge 13 can sink somewhat deeper into the sleeper cover surface 9 of the wooden sleeper 2 than their outer transverse edges. Due to the convex deflection or deformation of the base plate 3 and the resultant support of its underside 27 on the threshold - / * __ / -
• Cover surface 9 of the wooden sleeper 2 ensures that in the critical area of the ribbed sliding chair plate there is no alternating stress when traveling by a rail vehicle, but only a swelling stress occurs.
• the so-called pumping process of the rib slide chair plate 1 relative to the wooden sleeper 2 is thus completely eliminated.
• the threshold cover surface 9 of the wooden sleeper is protected, so that the lifespan of the latter against mechanical destruction is increased a multiple of the previous lifespan.
• the constant monitoring against loosening and breakage of the ribbed sliding chair plates 1 is eliminated and the resulting maintenance work is avoided.
• the hitherto usually zwi ⁇ rule the mounting screws and the plate Rippengleitiene ⁇ provided ". Spring washers omitted so that their monitoring and exchange during the biological life Lebens ⁇ a wooden tie 2 can also be avoided.
• the rib slide chair plate 1 shown in FIGS. 6 to 10 basically has the same mode of operation as that according to FIGS. 1 to 5. The only difference is that the platforms 8 on the underside 27 of the base plate 3 are not cast in one piece, but rather through one-piece shims 28 made of sheet metal or plastic are formed, which can be clamped or locked on the base plate 3.
• the insert parts 28 serving as pedestals also have a thickness which is between 1 mm and 2 mm and are also designed such that their outer transverse edge 10 is at a distance 18 from the longitudinal axis of the through holes 7 which is greater than the distance 19 that its inner transverse edge 13 has from the axis 17 of the through holes 7. - -
• the insert parts in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 6 to 10 are designed such that they pass continuously over the entire width of the base plate.
• the insert parts 28 are provided with clamping and latching tongues 29, which are released from their plane and hook-like raised, and which come into alignment and holding engagement with recesses provided in the underside of the plate 27.
• each of the insert parts 28 also has an additional cutout 33, for example in the form of a round hole, which is somewhat larger than the through holes 7 in the base plate 3 can be.
• Ribbed sliding chair plates 1 of conventional construction are practically unchanged in their use for the supplementary parts 28 as platforms. If necessary, it is only necessary to insert the recesses 31 and 32 in the underside 27, which can accommodate the clamping and locking tongues 29 and 30 of the insert parts 28. However, it would also be conceivable to use supplementary parts 28 without clamping and locking tongues 29 and 30 in connection with the conventional ribbed sliding chair plates 1 and to effect their holding connection to the base plate 3 by means of a pressure sensitive adhesive or the like.
• the equipment with posts 8 and supplementary parts 28 is not limited to the ribbed sliding chair shown as exemplary embodiments in the drawing. - tb -

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
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• Biophysics (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Cell Biology (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Connection Of Plates (AREA)
• Railway Tracks (AREA)
• Road Paving Structures (AREA)
• Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
• Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
• Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
• Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
• Structure Of Receivers (AREA)
• Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
• Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
• Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
• Prevention Of Fouling (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
• Bolts, Nuts, And Washers (AREA)

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• 1986
  • 1986-12-20 DE DE19863643742 patent/DE3643742A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1987
  • 1987-12-15 ES ES87202596T patent/ES2019094B3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-12-15 EP EP88900572A patent/EP0294453A1/de active Pending
  • 1987-12-15 US US07/249,566 patent/US4921168A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-12-15 IN IN902/MAS/87A patent/IN170374B/en unknown
  • 1987-12-15 AT AT87202596T patent/ATE58925T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1987-12-15 HU HU88857A patent/HU207354B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1987-12-15 AU AU10896/88A patent/AU600077B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1987-12-15 DE DE8787202596T patent/DE3766611D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1987-12-15 WO PCT/EP1987/000781 patent/WO1988004707A1/de active IP Right Grant
  • 1987-12-15 EP EP87202596A patent/EP0275604B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-12-15 JP JP63500738A patent/JP2530364B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-12-21 YU YU233787A patent/YU47405B/sh unknown
• 1988
  • 1988-08-18 DK DK462388A patent/DK163528C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1988-08-18 FI FI883822A patent/FI92341C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1988-08-22 NO NO883746A patent/NO170770C/no not_active IP Right Cessation

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