Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/825—Mixtures of compounds all of which are non-ionic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/825—Mixtures of compounds all of which are non-ionic
  • C11D1/8255—Mixtures of compounds all of which are non-ionic containing a combination of compounds differently alcoxylised or with differently alkylated chains
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/835—Mixtures of non-ionic with cationic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
  • C11D1/42—Amino alcohols or amino ethers
  • C11D1/44—Ethers of polyoxyalkylenes with amino alcohols; Condensation products of epoxyalkanes with amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/722—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols having mixed oxyalkylene groups; Polyalkoxylated fatty alcohols or polyalkoxylated alkylaryl alcohols with mixed oxyalkylele groups
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
  • Y10S516/01—Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, or stabilizing agents

Definitions

• NP-10 nonylphenol-10 EO adduct
• alkylphenol ethoxylates give cause for concern, so that considerable efforts are being made to at least partially replace these technologically high-quality surfactant components by components with better environmental compatibility.
• Alkoxylated fatty alcohols of natural and / or synthetic origin are particularly suitable for this.
• ether alcohols of the latter type only have the hydrophilicity values desired in practice - cloud point, for example, in the range from about 50 to 60 ° C. - only in those embodiments in which the ether alcohols as such are solid at room temperature. This is a crucial one in practice Limitation in the attempt to replace the alkylphenol adducts with adducts of primary fatty alcohols.
• the invention is based on the object of providing surfactant mixtures based on alkoxylated straight-chain and / or branched primary alcohols, in particular corresponding linear fatty alcohols, which are still liquid at low temperatures, for example at temperatures down to 5 ° C., and a can provide high surfactant performance.
• the invention has in particular the task of creating a surfactant mixture which is similar in its essential technological properties to the NP-10 and which are constructed exclusively on the basis of environmentally compatible components.
• the mixture according to the invention is prepared in a manner known per se by two-stage alkoxylation of the alcohol mixture, propylene oxide being added in the first stage and ethylene oxide being added in the second stage.
• the starting alcohols are primarily mixtures obtained from coconut fatty alcohols, from which the majority of C12-C16 alcohols have been removed by distillation. Mixtures obtained from synthetic fatty alcohols, for example oxo alcohols, can also be used as starting materials. Such alcohols generally contain a proportion of alcohols branched methyl in the 2-position. However, preference is given to using the mixtures obtained from native alcohols, in which the alkyl radicals differ in each case by 2 carbon atoms.
• the alkoxylation can be carried out in the presence of acidic or alkaline catalysts.
• Alkaline catalysts such as hydroxides or alcoholates of potassium or sodium, are preferably used. Examples include NaOH, KOH, sodium methylate, sodium ethylate, potassium methylate and potassium ethylate.
• the hydroxides and alcoholates can be used in alcoholic solution, after which the solution alcohol is removed by distillation before the alkoxylation. Usually 0.5 to 5%, preferably 1 to 3% catalyst, based on the starting material, is used.
• the alkoxylation can be carried out at normal pressure by introducing the alkylene oxides into the alcohol mixture.
• an autoclave under an increased initial pressure, for example an initial pressure of 2 to 10 bar, preferably 3 to 6 bar.
• the pressure then drops to normal pressure.
• the temperature of the alcohol to be alkoxylated is generally 80 to 200 ° C, usually 100 to 180 ° C.
• the alkoxylate can generally be used directly. If the small catalyst residues interfere, they can be neutralized, for example by adding organic acids such as acetic acid or citric acid. After the alkoxylation has ended, carbon dioxide can also be pressed into the autoclave and the precipitated alkali carbonate can be filtered off.
• Alkoxylated fatty alcohols in the production of which first propylene oxide and then ethylene oxide are added, are known per se. However, they differ considerably in the composition of the radical R from the mixtures according to the invention.
• US Pat. No. 2,174,761 describes products which in some cases have considerably higher proportions of PO and are derived from cetyl or dodecyl alcohol. These have much higher solidification areas and are less biodegradable.
• DE 27 24 349-A1 describes spray-dried detergents which contain nonionic surfactants of a similar constitution, the alkyl radicals preferably having 12 to 18 carbon atoms and not consisting of mixtures with a predominant content of C9 to C10 alkyl radicals.
• DE 28 10 703-A1 describes nonionic surfactants in a different order of the PO and EO groups.
• a comparative experiment in which a mixed alcohol reacted with 4 mol PO and 15 mol EO with 43% C12-alkyl residues and 57% C13-alkyl residues (78% linear, 22% methyl branched) was examined, shows a comparatively high freezing point and an unfavorable washing result , which is why it was not to be expected that the mixtures according to the invention would offer significant advantages in this regard.
• DE 32 32 616 discloses liquid detergents which contain mixtures of nonionic surfactants with a comparable molecular structure. However, these alkoxylates are preferably derived from alcohols having 12 to 18 carbon atoms or mixtures of cetyl, oleyl and stearyl alcohol mixtures. Surfactant mixtures of the composition according to the invention are neither disclosed nor suggested.
• the nonionic surfactant mixture according to the invention is equivalent to the highest quality alkylphenol ethoxylates. This applies both to the compounds alone and to their mixtures with other additives and auxiliaries, as are usually used in detergents, cleaning agents, emulsifiers and dispersants.
• the invention therefore relates to the replacement of nonylphenol-9- or 10 EO by the surfactant mixture defined according to the invention in known solid and liquid preparations, in particular detergents, wetting agents and dispersants.
• liquid nonionic surfactants can also be combined with other readily biodegradable nonionic compounds.
• Suitable additives are, for example, ethoxylates derived from primary alcohols or alkylamines having 10 to 18, in particular 10 to 14, carbon atoms and having an average of 1 to 4, preferably 2 to 3, EO groups.
• the mixing ratio with these additives can be 1: 2 to 10: 1.
• the composite compositions can be in solid or granular or in liquid form.
• liquid detergents, dishwashing detergents and cleaning agents for which the alkoxylates according to the invention are particularly suitable on account of their low cloud temperatures and favorable solution properties.
• Solid detergents can, for example, have the following composition (in% by weight of anhydrous substance): 0.5 to 25%, preferably 1 to 20%, of the nonionic surfactant mixture according to the invention, 0 to 25%, preferably 2 to 20%, of anionic surfactants from the class of alkali soaps and sulfonate surfactants, in particular C9 ⁇ 13-alkylbenzenesulfonates, alpha-sulfofatty acid salts, alpha-sulfofatty acid alkyl ester salts and alkane sulfonates each with 12 to 18 carbon atoms in the aliphatic radical, 0 to 10% of nonionic C1 bis10 ⁇ alcohol ethoxylates containing 2 to 15 EO groups, 10 to 70%, preferably 20 to 50%, of builder salts from the class of the phosphates, polyphosphates, carbonates, silicates of sodium, sodium nitrilotriacetate and finely divided zeolite of the NaA type, 0.1
• Liquid assets include, for example 5 to 30%, preferably 8 to 25%, of the nonionic surfactant mixture according to the invention, 0 to 20%, preferably 2 to 15% of the aforementioned anionic surfactants, 0 to 10% of the aforementioned nonionic alcohol ethoxylates, 0.1 to 4%, preferably 0.2 to 2% of the aforementioned polyphosphonates, 0 to 2% of optical brighteners, Balance water, organic solvents and hydrotropes.
• nonylphenol-10 EO a surfactant mixture according to the invention “product A”.
• product A a surfactant mixture according to the invention.
• a detergent formulation of the following composition was used, which contains 3% nonylphenol + 10 EO (NP-10) and was replaced by product A.
• the ethoxylated C12-C14 amine + 2 EO was a product made from coconut fatty acids.
• washing machine with drum arranged horizontally (Miele U 433); Soaking program; 60 ° C; Concentration 5 g / l; Water hardness 16 ° dH; 3 rinsing and spinning cycles; Textile samples made of cotton (B), polyester (PE) and blended fabrics made of polyester-cotton (PE / B), each soiled with a dust-skin fat combination; 0.3 kg test fabric and 3 kg clean filling laundry; photometric evaluation
• the agents according to the invention are able to replace the ethoxylated nonylphenol without any appreciable loss of activity.
• the combination according to Examples 2 and 4 is superior to the comparative product.
• product A according to the invention achieved a carbon breakdown of over 70% and are therefore considered to be easily biodegradable.
• Nonylphenol with 9 EO or 10 EO does not reach this value.
• the degradability was over 80% (found value over 96%).
• TA-5/10 EO is a 1: 1 mixture of C16 ⁇ 18 tallow alcohol with 5 EO and 10 EO
• C12-ABS Na-dodecylbenzenesulfonate (C11 ⁇ 13-alkyl)
• the soaps are sodium soaps
• STP sodium tripolyphosphate
• the cleaning ability was determined according to the quality standards of the industrial association cleaning and care products, published in soaps, oils, fats, waxes. 108 , No. 16, p. 527 (1982).
• the cleaning agent to be tested was placed in a 1% aqueous solution on an artificially soiled PVC plastic surface.
• a mixture of carbon black, machine oil, triglyceride of saturated fatty acids and low-boiling aliphatic hydrocarbon was used as artificial soiling.
• the test area of 26 x 28 cm was evenly coated with 2 g of the artificial soiling with the aid of a surface coater.
• a plastic sponge was impregnated with 20 ml of the detergent solution to be tested and moved mechanically on the test surface. After 6 wiping movements, the cleaned test area was kept under running water and the loose dirt was removed. The cleaning effect, d. H. the whiteness of the plastic surface cleaned in this way was measured using an LF 90 photoelectric colorimeter (Dr. B. Lange). The clean white plastic surface served as the white standard.
• NP10 is only slightly superior to the agents according to the invention only in formulations with a high surfactant content, but only scarcely achieves their cleaning effect when used sparingly.
• Liquid abrasives of the composition listed below were produced and tested for their cleaning effect. The test procedure was identical to that used for testing all-purpose cleaners. Since liquid abrasives are used, in addition to the above-mentioned test dirt, which mainly contains fat, a test dirt which is predominantly containing pigments is more difficult to remove used. The latter consisted of soot, kaolin, calcium carbonate, petroleum jelly and low-boiling aliphatic hydrocarbon.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

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Publications (3)

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• 1986
  • 1986-12-22 DE DE19863643895 patent/DE3643895A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1987
  • 1987-12-14 EP EP87118480A patent/EP0272574B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-12-14 ES ES87118480T patent/ES2059351T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-12-14 DE DE87118480T patent/DE3787516D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1987-12-14 AT AT87118480T patent/ATE94897T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1989
  • 1989-06-01 US US07/361,672 patent/US4965014A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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