EP0120291B1 - Selbstfahrende Vorrichtung zum Versetzen von transportablen Schwerbetonteilen und Hebegut - Google Patents

Selbstfahrende Vorrichtung zum Versetzen von transportablen Schwerbetonteilen und Hebegut Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0120291B1
EP0120291B1 EP84101823A EP84101823A EP0120291B1 EP 0120291 B1 EP0120291 B1 EP 0120291B1 EP 84101823 A EP84101823 A EP 84101823A EP 84101823 A EP84101823 A EP 84101823A EP 0120291 B1 EP0120291 B1 EP 0120291B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
suction
accordance
equipment
bellows
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84101823A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0120291A3 (en
EP0120291A2 (de
Inventor
Reinhard Dipl.-Ing. Göpfert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19833306351 external-priority patent/DE3306351C2/de
Priority claimed from DE19833324441 external-priority patent/DE3324441C2/de
Priority claimed from DE19833342424 external-priority patent/DE3342424A1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT84101823T priority Critical patent/ATE38817T1/de
Publication of EP0120291A2 publication Critical patent/EP0120291A2/de
Publication of EP0120291A3 publication Critical patent/EP0120291A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0120291B1 publication Critical patent/EP0120291B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/52—Apparatus for laying individual preformed surfacing elements, e.g. kerbstones
    • E01C19/524—Apparatus for laying individual preformed surfacing elements, e.g. kerbstones using suction devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/02—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by suction means
    • B66C1/0212—Circular shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/02—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by suction means
    • B66C1/0237—Multiple lifting units; More than one suction area
    • B66C1/025—Divided cups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/02—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by suction means
    • B66C1/0256—Operating and control devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/54—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes with pneumatic or hydraulic motors, e.g. for actuating jib-cranes on tractors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a self-propelled device with a chassis and a rectangular suction pad attached to at least one adjustable boom with a plurality of suction plungers that can be moved axially and angularly independently of one another and with directional jaws that can be pivoted against the lifting goods on all sides for lifting and moving lifting goods, in particular for laying commercially available goods Concrete, clinker and natural paving stones (the unpublished DE-A-3 243 045).
  • the components can only be transported and relocated from this laying device when viewed in the direction of travel.
  • this laying device In the case of composite paving stones, it is only possible to move a layer width, so that once a layer has been set, the vehicle has to move a new one individually to the laying point.
  • the driving work to be performed in this way is considerable.
  • the area of application is limited to areas whose sizes correspond at least to the range of motion of the chassis.
  • the use of the device is thus when laying stones on narrower surfaces, such as footpath and bicycle path u. Like., not possible. Also, it cannot be viewed from below, i.e. H.
  • the known device is equipped with a gripper with which the components, for example paving stones, are grasped and held by a clamping action when lifting.
  • the components are thus pressed against each other and thus prevented from slipping down.
  • the stone layer would fall out of the jaw.
  • half of the stones in order to be able to lay a bandage requested by the purchaser of a paving, such as "herringbone pattern", half of the stones must be missing from the individual stone layers, which are closed by inserting whole individual stones after placing a second stone layer with exactly opposite empty spaces of half stone sizes . This ensures the continuation of the original association.
  • this gripper cannot be used with plate-like laying elements, because they would dodge upwards or downwards if the clamping effect occurs, due to their flat shape and small edge area. Even clinker bricks, i.e. fired material, cannot be laid without damage due to their brittleness. The edges of the stones chip off when the jaw is used. Claw-like elements are used to generate the clamping force, which are a hindrance when a laying unit is set down. For example, they prevent the parts to be laid against each other.
  • connecting means should gradually disappear, for example dissolve.
  • the use of connecting means means a considerable additional work and material expenditure.
  • the suction lifter must either have twice as many suction stamps as stones to be lifted so that it can also be used to lay bandages (e.g. herringbone), or the shape of the suction stamps depends on the form of manufacture of the stones to be installed.
  • the suction pad can take the format of the stones (approx. 10/20 cm) (with a corresponding safety distance to the next joint between the individual stones), which has one advantage:
  • the suction bearing area becomes larger than with the arrangement of two individual suction pads per stone, and thus a vacuum as high as with the arrangement of two single suction cups per stone is no longer necessary.
  • This suction support surface should be as large as possible because of the high specific weight of the stones, because otherwise the contact surface for the lifting force or the vacuum is no longer sufficient.
  • suction pads which are axially and angularly movable and must also be carried by the support plate, are the expensive, heavy and technically most complicated parts of the known systems.
  • the large number of hose connections of the individual suction plungers are connected to a vacuum manifold, which leads to the vacuum pump.
  • the complex construction and suspension of the individual suction rams is necessary because the cross-section of the suction support surface has been narrowed directly above the lifting material to the vertical suction pipe. This reduction in the suction support surface (narrowing of the cross-section) means that the suction pad, as described, would have to be hung up again on the support plate with support cams.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a suction lifter of the type mentioned in such a way that numerous complicated individual parts are dispensed with and the overall construction becomes simpler with less weight.
  • the solution according to the invention is characterized in that the suction lifter 13 is rectangular, designed as a bellows 24, independent of one another and angular has axially movable suction plungers, and has directional jaws 26 which can be pivoted against the lifting material on all sides, an interruption valve being provided between the vacuum pump and a vacuum carrying collector for interrupting the suction flow for all suction plungers when the lifting material is set down.
  • suction cross-section which has been determined from the calculation depending on the type of weight of the material to be lifted and the available vacuum strength, is passed through to the support plate without reducing the cross-section and the space above the support plate is designed as a vacuum collector for all suction stamps, all single suction stamps of conventional type are omitted , the entire hoses to the collectors, and in addition, considerable savings are made in weight.
  • the weight saving is of great importance if, as when laying components, you have to drive on the flooring that has not yet been shaken to its final strength.
  • the saving in weight is also a decisive advantage because, in the case of carrier devices with a cantilever arm, the entire siphon is always attached to the outermost jib point, i.e. the unfavorable load condition for the cantilever arm.
  • the function of the suction pad is taken over by a bellows according to this application.
  • the vacuum manifold and the conventional support plate are replaced by a new unit. It is a flat (to keep the pendulum vacuum of each work cycle small) trained container, on the underside of which are attached to the bellows.
  • the suspension for the rotary servo and the straightening jaws is provided on the top of the container.
  • the suction lifter designed according to the invention it is possible to lift and move parts with high specific weights, for example concrete blocks and the like. It is possible to detect a number of parts that are already arranged in a laying pattern and to lay them without shifting against one another while maintaining the pattern. This requires a sufficiently high load capacity, but this is only ensured if the vacuum under the individual suction plungers is sufficiently high.
  • the material of concrete parts does not always have the sufficient density, so that the stone structure is porous and allows air to pass to a considerable extent. Particularly poorly setting concrete material leads to porous stone structure, which then prevents the formation of a sufficient vacuum.
  • concrete manufacturers are not always able to deal with such defects, since the setting of the concrete parts is significantly influenced by the moisture in the ambient air.
  • suction lifter used with suction plungers that can be aligned independently of one another axially and angularly. This means that clinker bricks can also be lifted and moved in the same way that was previously only possible with larger concrete parts with previously known suction lifters.
  • suction openings of adjacent suction plungers open into a suction space that can be placed on the surface of the material to be lifted and has a suction surface that acts together. It is thereby achieved that the space between the individual suction plungers can be detected and incorporated into the respective effective suction spaces of the suction plungers, and the suction power will thereby increase without increasing the suction power of the vacuum pumps.
  • the connection of at least two adjacent suction pads by means of a suction shoe with a common suction space is sufficient, for example, to be able to lift the concrete parts of porous structure that have previously been gripped by two suction pads but cannot be lifted
  • connection openings between the suction space and the suction plungers through air passage openings has proven to be particularly favorable, the diameter of which is kept considerably smaller than the diameter of the connecting pieces for the suction plungers. If the air passage openings are brought so close to the surface of the material to be lifted that they reach the immediate area of increased flow velocity when the air passes through, the load-bearing capacity for porous stone material becomes wider elevated.
  • exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown schematically and explained below.
  • the suction lifter 13 with its suction plungers 24 is placed on the stones with the straightening jaws 26 pivoted out.
  • the straightening jaws 26 are pivoted in, as a result of which the individual stones of the entire layer are aligned at right angles or in parallel.
  • Figures 1 and 2 clearly show the lifting of the frame and the extension arms 6 and the pivoting without moving the chassis from the place. It can be seen in Figure 3 how the individual stone layers can be placed side by side by pivoting in connection with lifting and lowering the frame, the extension arms and by actuating the pivot pin. This is made possible by the suspension of the suction lifter in a gimbal-like shape in connection with the rotational mobility of the entire suction lifter about a vertical axis in connection with the lifting and lowering of the frame and the extension arms.
  • the cantilever arms in connection with the suction lifter 13 are pivotally attached to the frame 5 about the pivot point 7, a lever plate 8 being used in connection with a hydraulic cylinder for lifting and lowering.
  • the operation of the automatic opening is similar to the concept of the bellows as a suction pad mentioned at the beginning. Only here the load collector is kept constantly under vacuum, so that the pendulum vacuum quantity of the individual work cycles consists only of the sum of the chambers of the individual suction plungers.
  • the bellows In the lower first fold area, the bellows has the same function, namely to compensate for the tilting of the stones, as in the first description. Above the lower hose clamp and the teeth with the plastic tube, the bellows has a purely protective function against dirt.
  • the seal 25 made of elastomeric material (foam rubber), which is mounted flat on the cylinder cover above the cylinder, is held by a rotated part 40, which guides the return spring 41.
  • the support collector 22 is pressed with its individual stamps from the cantilever arm of the carrier device onto the stone layer (and the goods to be lifted)
  • the angular mobility 33 of the lowest fold responds, then the axial height compensation is carried out because the plastic tube with its top cover is pressed up against the return spring.
  • the vacuum to the cavity inside the cylinder 42 is released.
  • the cylinder continuously has the calculated suction support cross-sectional area 32 for the appropriate lifting goods. If the load is to be put down after transport, the load collector is ventilated and the necessary pressure compensation is created.
  • the return spring 41 closes the support collector chamber 22 against the cylinder interior with the aid of the seal 25.
  • a throttling point is provided, for example within the cylinder 42 arranged in the bellows 24 or directly in the Bellows 43 can be arranged.
  • the throttle opening 45 of the throttle point is at a distance above the lower end of the cylinder 42.
  • the throttle opening 45 is arranged, for example, within a cylinder base 44.
  • the throttle opening 45 is provided within a partition 46, which is made of the same material as the bellows itself
  • a suction pressure which is denoted by P
  • P a suction pressure
  • the throttle opening 45 ensures that the negative pressure P within the cylinder or within the bellows 43 above the throttle point does not collapse abruptly and thus the pressure increase almost can reach the vacuum pump unhindered and also significantly reduces the effect of the other suction lifters.
  • the arrangement of the cylinder base 44 above the lower end of the cylinder completely retains the necessary suction support cross section, which is given by the dimensions of the cylinder. This means that the bellows is not stressed by the weight of the goods to be lifted.
  • the situation is similar with the arrangement of the throttle point in the region of the lower end of the bellows, that is to say in the immediate vicinity of the goods to be lifted (FIG. 14). It is up to the designer, depending on the forces to be transmitted and the material available for the bellows and the material of the sealing ring forming the lower end of the bellows, in which area of the suction plunger the throttle point is to be provided.
  • the sealing ring has a decisive influence on the proper performance of the suction stamp.
  • the sealing ring is provided with three lips 48-50 arranged concentrically one inside the other.
  • the sealing lips have different heights and a conical shape. This ensures a particularly secure seal.
  • the contact of the outermost sealing lip 48 first has an effect. Due to the resulting forces, this is only compressed until the second sealing lip 49 and then, if necessary, the sealing lip 50 come to rest on the material to be lifted. Lateral tipping is prevented by the shape of the sealing lip.
  • the lower end of the bellows in connection with a supporting flange 47b and a circumferential groove 47a, it is possible to separate and replace the sealing ring 47 from the bellows without difficulty as soon as the effect of the sealing lips wears off under rough loads.
  • the material of the sealing ring can thus be made significantly softer than the material of the bellows. Due to the particularly soft design of the sealing ring material, unevenness can be bridged without disadvantages for the sealing effect.
  • the throttle point is arranged at the inlet of the connecting piece 29 for the bellows.
  • an opening with a throttle cross section in the wall of the vacuum collector 22 is sufficient.
  • its lower region is equipped with a larger diameter, as can be seen, for example, from the fold 52. This ensures with the necessary certainty that the bellows always reacts to pressure from the sealing side (usually below) first angularly and then axially. The angular mobility is thus initiated at the point 33 preprogrammed for this purpose, as can also be seen in the embodiments according to FIGS. 11, 12 and 13.
  • the suction shoe 51 (FIGS. 16 and 17) consists of a plate 52, the underside of which has a flat recess 53 for forming a suction space.
  • the recess 53 is formed by the continuous shoulder 54 of the plate 52.
  • the depression is connected to the suction plungers 56 via passage openings 55.
  • connecting pieces 57 are provided, which are provided with circumferential grooves 58 in order to achieve the positive connection with the bellows-shaped one To allow suction pads.
  • a groove 59 for receiving a sealing lip 60 made of elastomeric soft material is also provided on the underside of the suction shoe.
  • the cavity 53 in connection with the sealing lip 60 forms the entire suction space of the suction shoe.
  • the bevels 61 achieve a nozzle-like design of the through-openings 55, in the effective range of which an additional pressure reduction with an increase in the load-bearing capacity is achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
  • Intermediate Stations On Conveyors (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)
EP84101823A 1983-02-24 1984-02-22 Selbstfahrende Vorrichtung zum Versetzen von transportablen Schwerbetonteilen und Hebegut Expired EP0120291B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84101823T ATE38817T1 (de) 1983-02-24 1984-02-22 Selbstfahrende vorrichtung zum versetzen von transportablen schwerbetonteilen und hebegut.

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833306351 DE3306351C2 (de) 1983-02-24 1983-02-24 Selbstfahrende Vorrichtung zum Versetzen von Schwerbetonteilen
DE3306351 1983-02-24
DE3324441 1983-07-07
DE19833324441 DE3324441C2 (de) 1983-04-08 1983-07-07 Selbstfahrende Vorrichtung zum Versetzen von Hebegut
DE3342424 1983-11-24
DE19833342424 DE3342424A1 (de) 1983-11-24 1983-11-24 Selbstfahrende vorrichtung zum anheben und versetzen von hebegut

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0120291A2 EP0120291A2 (de) 1984-10-03
EP0120291A3 EP0120291A3 (en) 1985-06-26
EP0120291B1 true EP0120291B1 (de) 1988-11-23

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84101823A Expired EP0120291B1 (de) 1983-02-24 1984-02-22 Selbstfahrende Vorrichtung zum Versetzen von transportablen Schwerbetonteilen und Hebegut

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4787812A (fi)
EP (1) EP0120291B1 (fi)
DK (1) DK153030C (fi)
FI (1) FI79508C (fi)
NO (1) NO161311C (fi)

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Publication number Publication date
FI79508C (fi) 1990-01-10
DK153030C (da) 1988-10-17
FI840737A (fi) 1984-08-25
EP0120291A3 (en) 1985-06-26
EP0120291A2 (de) 1984-10-03
DK89684A (da) 1984-08-25
DK89684D0 (da) 1984-02-22
DK153030B (da) 1988-06-06
NO161311B (no) 1989-04-24
NO161311C (no) 1989-08-02
US4787812A (en) 1988-11-29
FI840737A0 (fi) 1984-02-22
FI79508B (fi) 1989-09-29
NO840655L (no) 1984-08-27

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