CN1658724A - 发光元件材料和使用该材料的发光元件 - Google Patents
发光元件材料和使用该材料的发光元件 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1658724A CN1658724A CN2005100589765A CN200510058976A CN1658724A CN 1658724 A CN1658724 A CN 1658724A CN 2005100589765 A CN2005100589765 A CN 2005100589765A CN 200510058976 A CN200510058976 A CN 200510058976A CN 1658724 A CN1658724 A CN 1658724A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- light
- emitting component
- benzoquinoline
- emitting
- derivative
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- WZJYKHNJTSNBHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[h]quinoline Chemical class C1=CN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 WZJYKHNJTSNBHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 147
- -1 diamine compound Chemical class 0.000 description 65
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical group C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 51
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 39
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 36
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 33
- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 32
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 29
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 29
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 24
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 20
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 20
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 15
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 13
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 13
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- PEQHIRFAKIASBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenylmethane Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 PEQHIRFAKIASBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- NSMJMUQZRGZMQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthalen-1-yl-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C12=CC=CN=C2C2=NC=CC=C2C2=C1NC(C=1C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=1)=N2 NSMJMUQZRGZMQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 208000027386 essential tremor 1 Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 11
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Substances C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 208000027385 essential tremor 2 Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 208000031534 hereditary essential 2 tremor Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 10
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 8
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 description 8
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VGCXGMAHQTYDJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroacetyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC(Cl)=O VGCXGMAHQTYDJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 7
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241001062009 Indigofera Species 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 101000804946 Porphyromonas gingivalis (strain ATCC 33277 / DSM 20709 / CIP 103683 / JCM 12257 / NCTC 11834 / 2561) Dipeptidyl-peptidase 7 Proteins 0.000 description 6
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000005013 aryl ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 6
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 6
- AFYCEAFSNDLKSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin 460 Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C21 AFYCEAFSNDLKSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 6
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 6
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004469 siloxy group Chemical group [SiH3]O* 0.000 description 6
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 6
- KTADSLDAUJLZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-phenylbenzene Chemical group BrC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 KTADSLDAUJLZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical class C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005566 electron beam evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoren-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 4
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 4
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003413 spiro compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- UHXOHPVVEHBKKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)-4-[4-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)phenyl]benzene Chemical compound C=1C=C(C=2C=CC(C=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)C=CC=1C=C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 UHXOHPVVEHBKKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GAAWAAITKRFKOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-acetyl-3-tritylphenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C(C)=O GAAWAAITKRFKOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HXWWMGJBPGRWRS-CMDGGOBGSA-N 4- -2-tert-butyl-6- -4h-pyran Chemical compound O1C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1\C=C\C1=CC(C(CCN2CCC3(C)C)(C)C)=C2C3=C1 HXWWMGJBPGRWRS-CMDGGOBGSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diacetyl Chemical class CC(=O)C(C)=O QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical class [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006069 Suzuki reaction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000637 aluminium metallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical compound [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000008378 aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 3
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000005054 naphthyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LVHLZMUFIYAEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N perilla ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CCC(=O)C=1C=COC=1 LVHLZMUFIYAEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 3
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- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000001492 aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000319 biphenyl-4-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OMFXVFTZEKFJBZ-HJTSIMOOSA-N corticosterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 OMFXVFTZEKFJBZ-HJTSIMOOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFMQOHXWHFHOJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyano thiocyanate Chemical compound N#CSC#N RFMQOHXWHFHOJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CGZZMOTZOONQIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCC1 CGZZMOTZOONQIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)=O XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein Chemical class O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJKQFZSMLQTZHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound [In].C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 JJKQFZSMLQTZHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodate Chemical compound [O-]I(=O)=O ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium butane Chemical compound [Li+].CCC[CH2-] DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LBAIJNRSTQHDMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Mg].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2NC(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2N1 LBAIJNRSTQHDMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Butyllithium Substances [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007978 oxazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002255 pentenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- DGBWPZSGHAXYGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N perinone Chemical class C12=NC3=CC=CC=C3N2C(=O)C2=CC=C3C4=C2C1=CC=C4C(=O)N1C2=CC=CC=C2N=C13 DGBWPZSGHAXYGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001259 photo etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalimide Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003220 pyrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005255 pyrrolopyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003252 quinoxalines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical class [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021003 saturated fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NZFNXWQNBYZDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioridazine hydrochloride Chemical class Cl.C12=CC(SC)=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C2N1CCC1CCCCN1C NZFNXWQNBYZDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioxanthen-9-one Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005075 thioxanthenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CMQCNTNASCDNGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene;hydrate Chemical compound O.CC1=CC=CC=C1 CMQCNTNASCDNGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N trans-stilbene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydridoboron Substances B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZTRCELOJRDYMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethanol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LZTRCELOJRDYMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- YKSGNOMLAIJTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N violanthrone Chemical class C12=C3C4=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=CC=C3C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=C4C1=C32 YKSGNOMLAIJTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/321—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3]
- H10K85/322—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3] comprising boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C15/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts
- C07C15/20—Polycyclic condensed hydrocarbons
- C07C15/27—Polycyclic condensed hydrocarbons containing three rings
- C07C15/28—Anthracenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C15/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts
- C07C15/40—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts substituted by unsaturated carbon radicals
- C07C15/50—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts substituted by unsaturated carbon radicals polycyclic non-condensed
- C07C15/52—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts substituted by unsaturated carbon radicals polycyclic non-condensed containing a group with formula
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/10—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
- C07D209/14—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms, not forming part of a nitro radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/86—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/44—Radicals substituted by doubly-bound oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen atoms, or by two such atoms singly-bound to the same carbon atom
- C07D213/53—Nitrogen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
- C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D215/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D219/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing acridine or hydrogenated acridine ring systems
- C07D219/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing acridine or hydrogenated acridine ring systems with only hydrogen, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
-
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D221/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
- C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D221/04—Ortho- or peri-condensed ring systems
- C07D221/06—Ring systems of three rings
- C07D221/10—Aza-phenanthrenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D235/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings
- C07D235/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D235/04—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles
- C07D235/20—Two benzimidazolyl-2 radicals linked together directly or via a hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D241/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings
- C07D241/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D241/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atoms
- C07D241/40—Benzopyrazines
- C07D241/42—Benzopyrazines with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
- C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D263/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D263/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
- C07D263/52—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D263/62—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems having two or more ring systems containing condensed 1,3-oxazole rings
- C07D263/64—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems having two or more ring systems containing condensed 1,3-oxazole rings linked in positions 2 and 2' by chains containing six-membered aromatic rings or ring systems containing such rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D271/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D271/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D271/10—1,3,4-Oxadiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3,4-oxadiazoles
- C07D271/107—1,3,4-Oxadiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3,4-oxadiazoles with two aryl or substituted aryl radicals attached in positions 2 and 5
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
- C07D277/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D277/62—Benzothiazoles
- C07D277/64—Benzothiazoles with only hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached in position 2
- C07D277/66—Benzothiazoles with only hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached in position 2 with aromatic rings or ring systems directly attached in position 2
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
- C07D311/96—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings spiro-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D407/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00
- C07D407/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing three or more hetero rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
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Abstract
本发明提供一种发光元件,该元件是具有至少依次层积阳极、发光层、电子输送层、阴极形成的结构,通过电能发光的元件,其特征在于,该元件具有苯并喹啉衍生物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及将电能转换为光的元件,涉及可用于显示元件、平板显示器、背照灯、照明具、室内装饰、标识、告示板、电子照相机、光信号发生器等中的发光元件和发光元件材料。
背景技术
近年来有关从阴极注入的电子和从阳极注入的空穴在夹于两极间的有机荧光体内再结合时发光的有机层积薄膜发光元件的研究十分活跃。该元件的特征是薄型、在低驱动电压下高亮度发光,通过选择荧光材料可产生多色发光,因此倍受关注。
自从柯达公司的C.W.Tang等人揭示了有机层积薄膜元件高亮度发光以来(Appl.Phys.Lett.51(12)21,p.913,1987),很多研究机构对此进行了研究。柯达公司的研究小组所提出的有机层积薄膜发光元件的代表性构性是,在ITO玻璃基板上依次设置空穴输送性的二胺化合物、作为发光层的8-羟基喹啉铝,以及作为阴极的Mg:Ag,在10V左右的驱动电压下可发出1000cd/m2的绿色光。
该有机层积薄膜发光元件的构成是,在上述阳极/空穴输送层/发光层/阴极之外,适当设置电子输送层。空穴输送层具有将从阳极注入的空穴输送到发光层的机能,另一方面,电子输送层是将从阴极注入的电子输送到发光层。通过将这些层插入发光层和两极之间,提高发光效率、耐久性。使用其的元件构成的例子,可列举的有阳极/空穴输送层/发光层/电子输送层/阴极、阳极/发光层/电子输送层/阴极等。
但是,以往的发光材料、空穴输送材料、电子输送材料大多是耐久性差的物质,由于长时间通电导致元件发热引起结晶化,元件的寿命变短。
特别是电子输送材料存在,即使使用为数不多的现有材料,由于与发光材料发生相互作用,或混杂有电子输送材料本身的发光等原因,不能得到所期望的发光颜色,即使能得到高效率发光,耐久性差等的问题。在美国专利5393614号中,在电子输送材料中使用的特定的菲咯啉衍生物虽然显示出高效率发光,但是由于长时间通电发生结晶化,存在薄膜白浊化的问题。另外,作为显示发光效率和耐久性比较好的物性的物质,虽然有羟基喹啉金属配合物或苯并羟基喹啉金属配合物,但是由于这些材料本身有高的蓝绿~黄色的发光能力,作为电子输送材料使用时,这些材料本身的发光混在一起,色纯度变差。
本发明的目的在于解决上述现有技术中的问题,提供热稳定性优异、发光效率高、高亮度下色纯度优异的发光元件。
发明内容
本发明的光学元件是,一种在阳极和阴极之间存在发光物质,通过电能发光的发光元件,该元件的特征在于具有下述(a)~(d)所示的化合物中的至少一种,
(a) 具有多个1,7-菲咯啉骨架的化合物
(b) 苯并喹啉衍生物
(c) 通式(1)所示的螺环类化合物
A1,A2分别选自单键、取代或未取代的烷基链、醚链、硫醚链、酮链、取代或未取代的氨基链。但是A1≠A2。Z表示碳、硅。R1~R16选自氢、烷基、环烷基、芳烷基、链烯基、环烯基、炔基、羟基、巯基、烷氧基、烷硫基、芳醚基、芳硫醚基、芳基、杂环基、卤素、卤代链烷烃、卤代链烯烃、卤代炔烃、氰基、醛基、羰基、羧基、酯基、氨基甲酰基、氨基、硝基、甲硅烷基、硅氧烷基、与相邻取代基之间形成环结构。
(d) 通式(2)所示的四苯基甲烷衍生物
R17~R36选自氢、烷基、环烷基、芳烷基、链烯基、环烯基、炔基、羟基、巯基、烷氧基、烷硫基、芳醚基、芳硫醚基、芳基、杂环基、卤素、卤代链烷烃、卤代链烯烃、卤代炔烃、氰基、醛基、羰基、羧基、酯基、氨基甲酰基、氨基、硝基、甲硅烷基、硅氧烷基、与相邻取代基之间形成环结构。条件是R17~R36中至少一个是选自通式(3)所示的取代基。
-X-Ar (3)
X是单键或从下述中选择,Ar表示稠芳环、杂芳环。
X是磷氧化物时,Ar表示芳香烃、杂芳环。
其中n表示自然数。
发明的最佳实施方案
本发明的电子输送层是指从阴极注入电子,进一步输送电子的层,优选电子注入效率高,高效输送注入的电子的层。但是,在考虑空穴和电子的输送平衡时,主要发挥可有效阻止来自阳极的空穴不进行再结合而向阴极侧流动的作用时,即使电子输送能力没有那么高,提高发光效率的效果也与电子输送能力高的材料相同。因此,本发明中的电子输送层作为相同意义的层也含有可有效阻止空穴移动的空穴阻挡层。
构成本发明电子输送层的材料是分子量400或以上的有机化合物。使用分子量小于400的有机化合物,电子输送层为热不稳定的,容易结晶化,在长时间通电下得不到稳定的发光。更优选600或以上。
构成本发明的电子输送层的材料为玻璃转移温度90℃或以上,更优选120℃或以上,进一步优选150℃或以上。另外,具有冷结晶化温度高的化合物的膜,难于结晶化,优选冷结晶化温度为140℃或以上,更优选170℃或以上,进一步优选200℃或以上。更优选观测不到冷结晶化温度的化合物。这里所说的观测不到是指,测定试样的玻璃转移温度或冷结晶化温度时,以一定的速度将试样升温时,得不到明确的冷结晶化温度。另外,玻璃转移温度或冷结晶温度是使用粉末试样,采用温度调制DSC法的示差扫描量热计测定的。
另外,构成本发明电子输送层材料的离子化电位是5.9eV或以上。如果离子化电位在5.9eV或以上,可有效阻止从阳极注入的空穴不在发光层内再结合而流向阴极,提高发光效率。另外,由于电子输送层本身不发光,可得到只来自发光层的高色纯度的发光。更优选6.0eV或以上。另外,离子化电位的绝对值根据测定方法的不同而不同,在本发明中是使用在ITO玻璃基板上蒸镀的薄膜,用大气氛围型紫外线光电子分析装置(AC-1、理研计器(株)制)测定的。
另外,本发明的电子输送层更优选其离子化电位比发光层的离子化电位高0.1eV或以上的层。在相邻电子输送层和发光层之间,如果与发光层的离子化电位差在0.1eV或以上,可有效阻止从阳极注入的空穴不在发光层内再结合而流向阴极。从在高温下的工作环境考虑,更优选0.15eV或以上,进一步优选0.2eV或以上。另外,在本发明中的离子化电位差是使用上述的测定方法,从上述各层单独层的离子化电位值算出的。另外,离子化电位值根据试样的状态而变化。因此,在发光层和电子输送层为2种或以上的材料形成的混合层时,测定该混合层的离子化电位值。
作为构成电子输送层的有机化合物,优选含有多个具有电子输送功能的母体骨架,多个母体骨架通过连接基团连接的物质。作为具有电子输送功能的母体骨架,优选菲咯啉骨架或苯并喹啉骨架。菲咯啉骨架或苯并喹啉骨架除了电子输送功能外,可得到高的离子化电位。另外,在仅靠菲咯啉骨架或苯并喹啉骨架电子输送能力不足时,可在菲咯啉骨架或苯并喹啉骨架中具有乙烯基、羰基、羧基、醛基、硝基、氰基、卤素、砜、磷氧化物等具有电子输送功能的官能基,其中优选磷氧化物。
连接菲咯啉骨架和/或苯并喹啉骨架的连接基团,优选含有共轭键、芳香族烃、芳香杂环的连接基,具体可列举如下所示基团。
另外,使用的连接基团可以是1种,也可以是它们的混合基团。
这些连接基团,可购买市售产品,也可用常规方法合成,几个骨架的具体例如下所示。
9,9’-螺二芴骨架的合成,可列举J.Am.Chem.Soc.,vol.52(1930)的第2881页,美国专利5840217号的“实施例,A.起始物a)9,9’-螺二芴的合成”。将2-溴联苯在THF中用金属镁格利雅试剂化,然后从室温到50℃,与9-芴酮反应,用常温处理,将所得羟基体在加入了少量盐酸的乙酸中加热脱水,用常规方法处理。
9,9’-螺双(9H-9-硅芴)骨架的合成,作为参考文献可列举J.Am.Chem.Soc.Vol.80(1958)的1883页等。使2,2’-二溴联苯在醚中与金属锂反应,然后在指定的温度,与四氯硅烷反应,用常规方法处理可得到。
六苯并螺桨烷骨架的合成,作为参考文献可列举Libigs Ann.Chem.,vol.749(1971)的第38页等。使9-芴酮与亚磷酸三乙酯反应,用甲醇处理,得到螺酮化合物。然后在醚中,使螺酮化合物与2-溴联苯的锂体在指定温度反应,用常规方法处理,将所得羟基体在加入了甲磺酸的乙酸中加热脱水,可用常规方法处理得到。
本发明中菲咯啉骨架可列举通式(4)~(6)的结构。
通式(4)~(6)中的R37~R39表示菲咯啉骨架中除连接位置以外的任意位置中的修饰取代基,具体地可选自氢、甲基、乙基等烷基,环己基、降冰片烷基等环烷基,苄基等芳烷基,乙烯基、烯丙基等链烯基,环戊二烯基、环己烯基等环烯基,甲氧基等烷氧基,烷氧基中醚键的氧原子被硫原子取代的烷硫基,苯氧基等芳醚基,芳醚基中醚键的氧原子被硫原子取代的芳基硫醚基,苯基、萘基、联苯基等芳基,呋喃基、噻吩基、噁唑基、吡啶基、喹啉基、咔唑基等杂环基,卤素、氰基、醛基、羰基、羧基、酯基、氨基甲酰基、氨基、硝基、三甲基甲硅烷基等甲硅烷基,作为具有通过醚键的硅的硅氧烷基,与相邻的取代基之间形成环结构,这些可无取代也可被取代。L表示1~8的整数。具有多个取代基时,各取代基可相同也可不同。
菲咯啉为母体骨架的例子可列举以通式(4)为基本骨架时通式(7)那样的结构。
这里,Y是上述所示的连接基团,m表示2或以上的自然数。
在本发明中具有多个1,7-菲咯啉骨架的化合物,在上述菲咯啉骨架是通式(5)作为母体骨架时,可列举通式(8)所示的结构。
这里,Y是上述所示连接基团,m表示2或以上的自然数。
本发明的具有多个1,7-菲咯啉骨架的化合物具有蓝色荧光,也可作为形成荧光层的化合物使用。
作为向连接基团的菲咯啉骨架的导入,可列举在导入乙酰基等反应性取代基后,形成菲咯啉环的方法,在导入碘基或溴基等反应性取代基后,附加菲咯啉环的方法。
乙酰基的导入法,可列举常用且简便的弗瑞德·克来福特的酰化。作为参考文献,可列举美国专利5840217号的“实施例,A.起始化合物f)从9,9’-螺二芴经过2,2’-二乙酰基-9,9’-螺二芴制备9,9’-螺二芴-2,2’-二羧酸”或Helvetica Chimica Acta,vol.52(1969)第1210页“Experimenteller Tell2,2’-二乙酰基-9,9’-螺二芴(IV)”等。使连接基团在1,2-二氯乙烷中在50℃与乙酰氯和氯化铝反应,用常规方法处理,可导入乙酰基。
从乙酰基导入菲咯啉骨架的方法,作为参考文献可列举vol.40(1999)第7312页流程或有机化学杂志1996,61,第302页“2-苯基-1,10-菲咯啉”,Tetrahedron Letters,vol.23(1982)第5291页~第5294页等。使连接基团的乙酰体在二噁烷中在60℃与8-氨基-7-喹啉醛等的对应喹啉衍生物、氢氧化钾等反应,用常规方法处理的方法。
碘基的导入,作为参考文献可列举日本化学杂志92卷11号(1971)第1023页“1,1,1-甲基萘的碘化”或Tetrahedron Letters,vol.38(1997)第1487页等。使连接基团在80%乙酸中在80℃与碘和高碘酸2水合物反应,用常规方法处理,或在四氯化碳中在50℃至60℃使其与碘和双(三氟乙酰氧)碘苯反应,用常规方法处理,可导入碘基。
溴基的导入,作为参考文献可列举美国专利5840217号的“实施例,起始化合物a)9,9’-螺二芴的合成”Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.Engl.25(1986)No.12的第1098页等。使连接基团在室温与溴反应,用常规方法处理,可导入溴基。
作为从碘基、溴基导入菲咯啉骨架的方法,有将连接基团的碘体或溴体用金属锂锂化,然后与对应的无水菲咯啉反应,用水、二氧化锰处理的方法。
另外,向连接基团导入菲咯啉骨架,不仅可使用如上所述的首先合成连接基团,然后导入反应性取代基的方法,也可在合成连接基团时通过使用含有反应性取代基的原料,直接得到导入了反应性取代基的连接基团。例如,对于合成下述所示的导入了乙酰基的连接基团,可通过使2,2’-二溴联苯与4-乙酰基苯基硼酸在铃木偶合剂(参考文献:Chem.Rev.Vol.95(1995)的第2457页)条件下反应得到。
构成发光层和电子输送层的有机化合物,优选具有升华性的化合物。这里所说的升华性是指,在真空中加热时不分解而挥发,可形成薄膜的意思。本发明的发光元件由于是层积结构,如果是具有升华性的有机化合物,可使用真空蒸镀法等干式法容易地形成层积结构。另外,在发光层内形成掺杂层时,可通过与主体材料的共蒸镀法,或预先与主体材料混合然后同时蒸镀的方法,控制性优异地形成掺杂层。另外,在用矩阵或段方式显示的显示器中,得到所需图案化的发光是必要的,但是,具有升华性的有机化合物通过干式法可容易地形成图案。
本发明的电子输送层没必要只限于上述有机化合物一种,也可以将多种材料混合或层积。但是,在层积的情况下,上述参数可通过与发光层相邻的一层来满足。另外,从提高电子输送层总体的输送能、热稳定性、电化学稳定性的目的出发,也可向电子输送材料中添加无电子输送功能的有机化合物或无机化合物、金属配合物,形成电子输送层。
所说的发光层实际上是由发光物质形成的层,发光材料可以只由一种有机化合物构成,也可以是2种或以上的有机化合物形成的混合层。从提高发光效率、色纯度和耐久性的观点考虑,优选由2种或以上的有机化合物构成。2种或以上的有机化合物的组合,可列举主体材料和掺杂剂材料的组合。此时,主体材料主要担当发光层的薄膜形成功能和电荷输送功能,另一方面,掺杂剂材料主要担当发光功能,其发光机理有能量移动型和载体捕集型。在能量移动型中,从两极注入的载体在主体层内再结合,主体材料被激发,从激发主体材料到掺杂剂材料发生能量移动,最终得到从掺杂剂材料的发光。在载体捕集型中,从主体层中移动来的载体直接在掺杂剂材料上再结合,激发的掺杂剂材料发光。在任一种情况下,作为担当发光功能的掺杂剂材料使用在溶液状态为高色纯度、高光量子收率的物质时,均可得到高色纯度、高效率的发光。另外,通过添加掺杂剂材料,作为膜母体的主体层的膜质,向结晶性低的方向移动,此时耐久性也提高了。
在组合使用这样的主体材料和掺杂剂材料时,掺杂剂材料可在主体材料的全体中含有,也可以是部分地含有。另外,掺杂剂材料可以层积,也可以分散。
在单独形成发光层时的有机化合物,或主体和掺杂剂材料组合中的主体材料有,蒽或芘、二萘嵌苯等稠合环衍生物,吡嗪、萘啶、喹喔啉、吡咯并吡啶、嘧啶、噻吩、噻吨等杂环衍生物,三(8-羟基喹啉)铝配合物等羟基喹啉金属配合物,苯并羟基喹啉金属配合物,联二吡啶金属配合物,若丹明金属配合物,甲亚胺金属配合物,二苯乙烯基苯衍生物,四苯基丁二烯衍生物,1,2-二苯乙烯衍生物,醛连氮衍生物,香豆素衍生物,邻苯二甲酰亚胺衍生物,萘二甲酰亚胺衍生物,紫苏酮(perinone)衍生物,吡咯并吡咯衍生物,环戊二烯衍生物,咪唑衍生物或噁唑衍生物,噻唑衍生物,噁二唑衍生物,噻二唑衍生物,三唑衍生物等唑衍生物及其金属配合物,苯并噁唑、苯并咪唑、苯并噻唑等苯并唑衍生物及其金属配合物,三苯基胺衍生物或咔唑衍生物等胺衍生物,份菁衍生物,卟啉衍生物,三(2-苯基吡啶)铟配合物等磷光材料,聚合物类的聚亚苯基亚乙烯基衍生物,聚对亚苯基衍生物,聚噻吩衍生物等。
作为掺杂剂材料,有蒽、二萘嵌苯等稠合多环芳香族烃衍生物,7-二甲基氨基-4-甲基香豆素等香豆素衍生物,双(二异丙基苯基)苝四羧酸亚胺等萘二甲酰亚胺衍生物,紫苏酮衍生物,乙酰丙酮或苯甲酰丙酮和菲咯啉等作为配位子的Eu配合物等稀土类配合物,二氰基亚甲基吡喃衍生物,二氰基亚甲基硫吡喃衍生物,酞菁镁、酞菁氯铝等金属酞菁衍生物,卟啉衍生物,若丹明衍生物,脱氮杂黄素衍生物,香豆素衍生物,噁嗪化合物、噻吨衍生物、菁色素衍生物、荧光素衍生物、丫啶衍生物、喹丫酮衍生物、吡咯并吡咯衍生物、喹唑啉衍生物、吡咯并吡啶衍生物、Squarilium衍生物、紫蒽酮衍生物、吩嗪衍生物、丫啶酮衍生物、脱氮杂黄素衍生物、甲撑吡咯衍生物及其金属配合物,吩噁嗪酮衍生物,噻二唑并芘衍生物,三(2-苯基吡啶)铱配合物,三(2-苯基吡啶基)铱配合物,三[2-(2-苯硫基)吡啶基]铱配合物,三[2-(2-苯并苯硫基)吡啶基]铱配合物,三(2-苯基苯并噻唑)铱配合物,三(2-苯基苯并噁唑)铱配合物,三苯并喹啉铱配合物,双(2-苯基吡啶基)(乙酰基乙酸酯)铱配合物,双[2-(2-苯硫基)吡啶基]铱配合物,双[2-(2-苯并苯硫基)吡啶基](乙酰基乙酸酯)铱配合物,双(2-苯基苯并噻唑)(乙酰基乙酸酯)铱配合物,双(2-苯基苯并噁唑)(乙酰基乙酸酯)铱配合物,双苯并喹啉(乙酰乙酸酯)铱配合物,卟啉铂配合物等磷光材料。这些可单独使用,也可混合多个衍生物使用。
另外,由于膜质变化或捕集过剩的载体可以使耐久性提高,所以,也有不担当发光功能,添加掺杂剂的情况。此时的掺杂剂材料选自各种有机和无机化合物中与主体材料相称的物质。另外,掺杂条件与上述相同。
本发明的发光元件,从使空穴和电子在发光层内有效再结合的目的出发,优选在阳极和发光层之间进一步具有空穴输送层。空穴输送层是指从阳极注入空穴,并进一步输送空穴的层。空穴输送性材料有,N,N’-二苯基-N,N’-双(3-甲基苯基)-4,4’-二苯基-1,1’-二胺,N,N’-双(1-萘基)-N,N’-二苯基-4,4’-二苯基-1,1’-二胺等三苯基胺类,双(N-芳基咔唑)或双(N-烷基咔唑)类,吡唑啉衍生物、1,2-二苯乙烯类化合物,二苯乙烯基衍生物,腙类化合物,噁二唑衍生物或酞菁衍生物,卟啉衍生物等杂环化合物,聚合物为在侧链上具有前述单体的聚碳酸酯或苯乙烯衍生物,聚乙烯基咔唑,聚硅烷等。这些可单独使用,也可混合多个衍生物或进行层积。另外,从提高空穴输送层总体的输送能、热稳定性、电化学稳定性的目的出发,也可向空穴输送材料中添加无空穴输送功能的有机化合物或无机化合物、金属配合物,形成电子输送层。
在本发明中的阳极,为了取出光只要是透明即可,可以是氧化锡、氧化铟、氧化锡铟(ITO)等导电性金属氧化物,或金、银、铬等金属,碘化铜、硫化铜等无机导电性物质,聚噻吩、聚吡咯、聚苯胺等聚合物等。特别优选使用ITO玻璃或奈塞玻璃。透明电极的电阻由于可向元件发光供给充分的电流就可以,所以从元件的消耗电力的观点出发,优选是低电阻的。例如,如果是300Ω/□以下的ITO基板即可发挥作为元件电极的机能,但由于现在存在的是10Ω/□左右的基板,因此特别优选使用低电阻的产品。ITO的厚度可配合电阻值任意选择,通常大多在100~300nm之间使用。另外,玻璃基板可使用钠钙玻璃、无碱玻璃等。另外,为保持机械强度厚度可以在0.5mm或以上即可。对于玻璃的材质,由于从玻璃溶出的离子越少越好,因此优选无碱玻璃。也可使用施用了SiO2等隔离涂层的钠钙玻璃。另外,只要阳极是稳定发挥机能的,也可在塑料基板上形成阳极。ITO薄膜的形成方法,可列举电子线束法、溅射法、化学反应法等。
阴极只要是可有效地将电子注入该有机物层的物质即可。阴极材料可列举铂、金、银、铜、铁、锡、锌、铝、铟、铬、锂、钠、钾、钙、镁、铯、锶等。为了提高电子注入效率提高元件特性,锂、钠、钾、钙、镁、铯、锶或含有这些低功函数金属的合金是有效的。另外,也优选使用在有机层中掺杂微量的锂或镁、铯(真空蒸镀的膜厚计表示1nm以下)后稳定性高的电极的方法,也可使用氟化锂等无机盐。进一步,为了保护电极,优选层积铂、金、银、铜、铁、锡、铝、铟等的金属,或使用这些金属的合金,以及二氧化硅、二氧化钛、氮化硅等无机物,聚乙烯基醇、氯乙烯、烃类高分子等。作为这些电极的制作方法,可列举电阻加热、电子线束、溅射、离子镀、涂布等。
在本发明中的苯并喹啉骨架是指,在喹啉的任意位置与苯稠合的骨架,可列举通式(9)~(14)。
通式(9)-(14)的R40-R45,在苯并喹啉骨架中表示连接位置以外的任意位置中的修饰取代基,与菲咯啉骨架的情况相同。n表示1~8的整数,取代基有多个时,各取代基可相同也可不同。
另外,为了获得长时间稳定的发光,优选热稳定性或薄膜形成性优异的材料,在苯并喹啉衍生物中,作为更优选的例子可列举具有多个苯并喹啉骨架的化合物。关于苯并喹啉骨架的说明,与上述相同。
另外,为了获得高亮度发光,优选使用电子输送功能高的化合物。因此,作为前述具有多个苯并喹啉骨架的化合物,更优选多个苯并喹啉骨架通过共轭键、芳香烃、芳香杂环、或混合的这些基团中的任一个连接的化合物。
作为苯并喹啉为母体骨架时的具体例,可列举通式(9)为基本骨架时的通式(15)所示结构。
这里,Y和m与通式(7)相同。
本发明的苯并喹啉衍生物,由于电子输送能和空穴阻止能优异,因此优选作为电子输送材料使用。
本发明的具有多个苯并喹啉骨架的化合物,可用与上述菲咯啉骨架同样的方法合成。可列举,在连接基团上导入乙酰基后,使之与萘衍生物反应,形成苯并喹啉环的方法(参考文献:有机化学杂志,1996,61,第3021页“1,3-二(苯并)[h]喹啉-2-基)苯”)或导入碘基或溴基等反应性取代基后,附加苯并喹啉环的方法。
下面对本发明的发光元件中使用的通式(1)所示的螺环化合物进行说明。
A1,A2分别选自单键、取代或未取代的烷基链、醚链、硫醚链、酮链、取代或未取代的氨基链。条件是A1≠A2。Z表示碳、硅。R1~R16选自氢、烷基、环烷基、芳烷基、链烯基、环烯基、炔基、羟基、巯基、烷氧基、烷硫基、芳醚基、芳硫醚基、芳基、杂环基、卤素、卤代链烷烃、卤代链烯烃、卤代炔烃、氰基、醛基、羰基、羧基、酯基、氨基甲酰基、氨基、硝基、甲硅烷基、硅氧烷基、与相邻取代基之间形成环结构。
这些取代基中,烷基表示甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基等饱和脂肪族烃基。环烷基表示环丙基、环己基、降冰片烷基、金刚烷基等饱和脂环式烃基。芳烷基表示苄基、苯乙基等的脂肪族烃介于其间的芳香族烃基。链烯基表示乙烯基、烯丙基、丁二烯基等含有双键的不饱和脂肪族烃基。环烯基表示环戊烯基、环戊二烯基、环己烯基等的含有双键的不饱和脂环式烃基。烃基表示乙炔基等的含有三键的不饱和脂肪族烃基。烷氧基表示甲氧基等通过醚键介于其间的脂肪族烃基。烷硫基表示烷氧基醚键的氧原子被硫原子取代的基团。芳基醚基表示苯氧基等的醚键介于其间的芳香烃基。芳基硫醚基表示芳基醚基的醚键氧原子被硫原子取代的基团。芳基表示苯基、萘基、联苯基、菲基、联三苯基、芘基等芳香族烃基。杂环基表示呋喃基、噻吩基、噁唑基、吡啶基、喹啉基、咔唑基等具有碳原子以外的原子的环状结构的基团。R1~R16的任一取代基,可以是无取代的,也可进一步被取代。卤素表示氟、氯、溴、碘。卤代链烷烃、卤代链烯烃、卤代炔烃表示三氟甲基等的前述烷基、链烯基、炔基的一部分或全部被前述卤素取代的基团,剩余部分可无取代也可被取代。在醛基、羰基、酯基、氨基甲酰基、氨基中包含被脂肪族烃、脂环式烃、芳香族烃、杂环等取代的基团,进一步脂肪族烃、脂环式烃、芳香族烃、杂环可以是无取代或被取代的。甲硅烷基表示三甲基甲硅烷基等硅化合物基团,它可以是无取代或被取代的。硅氧烷基表示三甲基硅氧烷基等的醚键介于其间的具有硅的基团,它可以是无取代或被取代的。也可与相邻取代基之间形成环结构。形成的环结构可以是无取代的或被取代的。
优选R1~R16中至少一个含有空穴输送性取代基、电子输送性取代基、发光性取代基、薄膜形成性取代基等功能性取代基。空穴输送性取代基可列举上述空穴输送材料骨架,这些骨架可以是无取代的或被取代的。电子输送性取代基可列举,呋喃、吡咯、噻吩、噻吩二氧化物、吡唑、咪唑、三唑、四唑、噁唑、噁二唑、噻唑、噻二唑、吡啶、哒嗪、嘧啶、嘧啶酮、吡嗪、三嗪,与这些形成稠合环的苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、吲哚、咔唑、苯并噻吩、苯并噻吩二氧化物、二苯并噻吩、苯并咪唑、菲并咪唑、苯并噁唑、苯并噻唑、喹啉、苯并喹啉、喹喔啉、喹唑啉、萘啶、菲啶、菲咯啉、咪唑并吡啶、吩嗪喹喔啉等芳香杂环或苯、萘、蒽、菲、芘、苯乙烯、1,2-二苯乙烯等芳香烃等电子输送材料骨架,这些骨架可以无取代或被取代。发光性取代基,可列举上述发光材料(主体材料、掺杂剂材料)骨架,这些骨架可以无取代或被取代。优选使用芴基、菲基、蒽基、芘基、二萘嵌苯基等稠合芳香环或联苯、联三苯、联四苯等聚对亚苯基衍生物,二苯基乙烯基等。薄膜形成性取代基优选使用烷基、烷氧基、芳基醚基等。根据这些功能性取代基的种类,本发明的螺环化合物可在发光元件的各层中使用。
功能性取代基的个数,优选1~4个,更优选2个或4个,进一步优选2个。功能性取代基的位置,优选R2、R4、R5、R7、R10、R12、R13、R15,更优选R2、R7、R10、R15,进一步优选R2、R10。
Z优选碳原子,A1、A2之一优选是单键。如果A2是单键、A1优选氧、硫,更优选氧。由于通式(1)所示的化合物具有立体不对称的中心骨架,因此是防止结晶化,薄膜稳定性优异的化合物。
作为上述螺环化合物,具体可列举如下的结构。
下面对通式(1)所示化合物立体不对称中心骨架的合成,向立体性不对称中心骨架导入功能性取代基进行说明。
通式(1)所示的立体不对称中心骨架可与9,9’-螺二芴同样的合成,使用9-呫吨酮代替9-芴酮,可得到螺呫吨芴。使用9-噻吨酮可得到螺噻吨芴,使用N-丁基-丫啶酮可得到螺N-丁基丫啶芴,使用蒽酮可得到螺二氢蒽芴,另外,使用环庚酮可得到螺二氢二苯并环丁烷芴。
向立体性不对称中心骨架的功能性取代基的导入,可以直接进行,但是优选首先导入反应性取代基,然后导入功能性取代基的方法。作为反应性取代基,可列举甲酰基、乙酰基、碘基、溴基、氨基、氰基、硝基、羟基、羧酸及其衍生物,α-二酮基等。下面虽然记载了几个反应性取代基,但是对于其它连接基团也可使用同样的方法。
乙酰基的导入法,如上所述,将立体性不对称中心骨架在1,2-二氯乙烷中在50℃与乙酰氯和氯化铝反应,用常规方法处理,可导入乙酰基。改变乙酰氯和氯化铝的当量,可得到1~4取代体。
碘基的导入,如上所述,使立体性不对称中心骨架在80%乙酸中在80℃与碘和高碘酸2水合物反应,用常规方法处理,或在四氯化碳中在50~60℃与碘和双(三氟乙酰氧)碘苯反应,用常规方法处理,可导入碘基。
溴基的导入,如上所述,使立体性不对称中心骨架在室温与溴反应,用常规方法处理,可导入溴基。改变溴当量可得到1~4取代体。
对于其它的反应性取代基的导入可按照常规方法导入。
关于反应性取代基导入后的向连接基团的功能性取代基的导入,可列举从乙酰基导入菲咯啉基、苯并喹啉基、吲哚基等,从碘基、溴基导入吡啶基、联二吡啶基、菲咯啉基、二苯基亚乙基、聚亚苯基、正丁基、二苯基氨基、咔唑基等,从羧酸及其衍生物导入唑类,苯并唑类、二唑类、三唑类等杂环基,从α-二酮或氨基导入喹喔啉等杂环基,对此没有特别的限制。下面列举导入的例子,但是对于其它连接基团也可使用同样的方法。
关于菲咯啉基的导入,如上所述,有使立体性不对称中心骨架的乙酰基体在噁烷中在60℃下与8-氨基-7-喹啉醛、氢氧化钾反应,用常规方法处理,或使立体性不对称中心骨架的碘体或溴体用金属锂锂化,然后与无水菲咯啉反应,用水、二氧化锰处理的方法。
苯并喹啉基的导入法,如上所述,使立体性不对称中心骨架的乙酰基体在噁烷中在60℃下与1-氨基-2-萘甲醛、氢氧化钾反应,用常规方法处理可导入。
二苯基亚乙基的导入,作为参考文献可列举SPIE,vol.3797第317页“2.1EM1合成”等。向立体性不对称中心骨架的溴体中加入二苯基乙烯基硼酸、碳酸钠、四(三苯基膦)钯催化剂,在水-甲苯中在100℃反应,用常规方法处理,可导入二苯基乙烯基。同样可导入聚亚苯基。
正丁基的导入,使立体性不对称中心骨架的溴体在THF中于室温下正丁基锂反应,用常规方法处理,可导入正丁基。可处理从连接基团的溴体导入上述功能性取代基时残留的未反应溴基,对薄膜形成性也是有利的。
吲哚基的导入,作为参考文献可列举,Tetrahedron Letters,vol.40(1999)第7312页的流程。将立体性不对称骨架的乙酰基体和1-甲基-1-苯基肼在乙醇中加热回流,加入乙酸后进一步加热回流,用常规方法处理,得到肼体,将其在多磷酸中在160℃加热,用常规方法处理,可导入吲哚基。
二苯基氨基的导入,作为参考文献可列举SPIE,vol.3797第317页“2.1HTM1合成”等。向立体性不对称骨架的溴体中加入二苯基胺,叔丁醇钠,2,2’-双(二苯基膦)-1,1’-二萘基,乙酸钯,在甲苯中加热回流,用常规方法处理,可导入二苯基氨基。同样可导入咔唑基。
下面,对本发明中通式(2)所示的四苯基甲烷衍生物进行说明。
R17~R36选自氢、烷基、环烷基、芳烷基、链烯基、环烯基、炔基、羟基、巯基、烷氧基、烷硫基、芳醚基、芳硫醚基、芳基、杂环基、卤素、卤代链烷烃、卤代链烯烃、卤代炔烃、氰基、醛基、羰基、羧基、酯基、氨基甲酰基、氨基、硝基、甲硅烷基、硅氧烷基、与相邻取代基之间形成环结构。条件是R17~R36中至少一个是选自通式(3)所示的取代基。
-X-Ar (3)
X是单键或从下述中选择,Ar表示稠合芳环、杂芳环。但是,X是磷氧化物时,Ar表示芳香烃、杂芳环。
-O- -S-
n表示自然数。
这些取代基的说明与上述通式(1)的化合物相同。通式(3)的稠合芳香环是萘、蒽、菲、芘等,这些可以是无取代的也可以是被取代的。杂芳环是呋喃、吡咯、噻吩、噻吩二氧化物、吡唑、咪唑、三唑、四唑、噁唑、噁二唑、噻唑、噻二唑、吡啶、哒嗪、嘧啶、嘧啶酮、吡嗪、三嗪,与这些形成稠合环的苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、吲哚、咔唑、苯并噻吩、苯并噻吩二氧化物、二苯并噻吩、苯并咪唑、菲并咪唑、苯并噁唑、苯并噻唑、喹啉、苯并喹啉、喹喔啉、喹唑啉、萘啶、菲啶、菲咯啉、咪唑并吡啶、吩嗪等,这些可以是无取代的也可以是被取代的。
根据这些取代基的种类,本发明的四苯基甲烷衍生物可在发光元件的各层中使用。
对于通式(3)所示取代基的个数没有特别的限制,但是优选1~4个,更优选2个或4个。1个时,很难发挥取代基的功能,3个时合成或纯化困难。
对于通式(3)所示取代基的位置没有特别的限制,但是从合成容易性的观点出发,优选R18、R19、R20、R23、R24、R25、R28、R29、R30、R33、R34、R35,从耐热性的观点出发更优选R19、R24、R29、R34。
四苯基甲烷骨架的合成,作为参考文献可列举,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.Engl.Vol.25(1986)No.12的第1098页,或Tetrahedron Letters,vol.38(1997)的第1487页等。在无溶剂或乙酸溶剂中,将三苯基甲醇或三苯基甲基氯与苯胺或苯胺盐酸盐在100℃~220℃下反应,将所得中间体用常规方法处理分离,然后在乙醇/硫酸的混合溶剂中,在-10℃下与异戊基氮化物反应,加入膦酸加热回流,用常规方法处理。
关于通式(3)的取代基,可使用与向上述螺环化合物导入功能性取代基的导入法同样的方法导入四苯基甲烷骨架。
作为上述四苯基甲烷衍生物,可列举下述结构。
各层的形成方法,可列举电阻加热蒸镀、电子束蒸镀、溅射、分子层积法、涂层法等。通常,电阻加热蒸镀、电子束蒸镀在特性方面是优选的。层的厚度,由于依赖于发光物质的电阻值,因此无法限定,但是在1~1000nm之间选择。
电能主要是指直流电,但是也可使用脉冲电流或交流电流。对于电流值和电压值没有特别的限制,但是考虑到元件的消耗电力,寿命,应该是用尽量低的能量得到最大的亮度。
本发明中的矩阵是指,显示用像素是格子状配置的产品,以像素的集合显示文字或图像。像素的形状、大小可根据用途决定。在个人电脑、监视器、电视的图像和文字显示中,通常使用一边是300μm或以下的方形像素,在显示板等大型显示器中,使用一边是mm级的像素,在单色显示时,可以配列同样颜色的像素,但在彩色显示时,排列红、绿、蓝的像素进行显示。此时,典型的有三角型和条纹型的。作为该矩阵的驱动方法,可以是线依次驱动的方法或活化矩阵的方法中的任意一种。由于线依次驱动结构简单,活化矩阵操作性优异,需要根据用途分别使用。
本发明中的段型是指,形成图形以便显示预先决定的情报,使决定的领域发光。可列举的有,数字钟表或温度计的时间或温度显示,音响装置或电磁调理器等工作状态显示,汽车仪表盘显示等。另外,前述矩阵显示和段显示也可在同一板中共存。
本发明的发光元件也优选作为背照灯使用。背照灯主要是在提高非自发光显示装置的可视性的目的中使用,可用于液晶显示装置、钟表、音响装置、汽车仪表盘、显示板、标识等中使用。特别是液晶显示装置,以前的个人电脑是由荧光灯或导光板形成的,因此薄型化是困难的,但是通过使用本发明的发光元件的背照灯,可实现薄型、轻量。
下面,列举实施例和比较例对本发明进行说明,但本发明并不限于这些例子。另外,其条件和结果集中归纳在末尾的表1和表2中。
实施例1(连接基团-1的合成)
使用金属镁2.2g使2-溴联苯14.8g在THF中格利雅试剂化,然后在从室温到50℃下,与9-呫吨酮12.3g反应,用常规方法处理,得到9-(2-联苯)-9-呫吨酚。将其在加入了少量盐酸的乙酸中加热脱水,用常规方法处理,得到下式所示连接基团-1(8.5g)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,ppm):7.8(d,2H)、
7.2(t,2H)、7.2(m,8H)、6.8(t,2H)、6.4(d,2H)
实施例2(连接基团-2的合成)
使用金属镁1.7g将2-溴联苯11.9g在THF中格利雅试剂化,然后在从室温到50℃下,与2,4-二乙基-9-噻吨酮13.4g反应,用常规方法处理,得到2,4-二乙基-9-(2-联苯)-9-噻吨酚。将其在加入了少量盐酸的乙酸中加热脱水,用常规方法处理,得到下式所示连接基团-2(13.8g)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,ppm):7.8(m,2H)、7.6(d,2H)、7.4(m,3H)、7.2(m,2H)、7.1(t,1H)、6.9(s,1H)、6.8(t,1H)、6.5(d,1H)、6.2(s,1H)、2.9(m,2H)、2.3(m,2H)、1.4(t,3H)、0.9(t,3H)
实施例3(向连接基团-1上导入乙酰基:连接基团-1’)
使连接基团-1(8.5g)在1,2-二氯乙烷中在50℃下与乙酰氯4.5g和氯化铝7.5g反应,用常规方法处理,得到下式所示连接基团-1’(13.1g)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,ppm):8.0(d,1H)、7.9(d,2H)、7.8(d,1H)、7.7(s,1H)、7.4(t,1H)、7.3-7.1(m,5H)、7.0(s,1H)、6.8(t,1H)、6.3(d,1H)、2.5(s,3H)、2.3(s,3H)
连结基-1
实施例4(苯并喹啉衍生物(BQ-1)的合成)
使用金属镁3.4g将2-溴联苯23.8g在THF中格利雅试剂化,然后在从室温到50℃下,与9-芴酮18.0g反应,用常规方法处理,得到9-(2-联苯)-9-芴酚。将其在加入了少量盐酸的乙酸中加热脱水,用常规方法处理,得到9,9’-螺联(二)芴(18.5g)。然后,使9,9’-螺联(二)芴(15.8g)在1,2-二氯乙烷中在50℃下与乙酰氯8.6g和氯化铝14.7g反应,用常规方法处理,得到2,2’-二乙酰基-9,9’-螺二芴(11.2g)。使该二乙酰基体(2.3g)在二噁烷中在60℃下与1-氨基-2-萘醛2.0g,氢氧化钾1.6g反应,用常规方法处理,得到下式所示化合物BQ-1(1.5g)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,ppm):9.4(d,2H)、8.6(d·d,2H)、8.1(d,2H)、8.0(t,4H)、7.8(d,2H)、7.8-7.6(m,12H)、7.4(t,2H)、7.2(t,2H)、6.8(d,2H)
实施例5(苯并喹啉衍生物(BQ-2,3)的合成)
使用四乙酰基体与实施例4同样进行反应,用常规方法处理,得到下式所示BQ-2和BQ-3。
BQ-2:1H-NMR(CDCl3,ppm):9.39(d,4H)、8.72(d,4H)、8.27(d,4H)、8.03(d,4H)、7.84-7.55(m,24H)、7.32(d·d·d,4H)
BQ-3:1H-NMR(CDCl3,ppm):9.36(d,3H)、8.72(d·d,1H)、8.66(d·d,2H)、8.24(d,1H)、8.23(d,2H)、8.12-8.03(m,6H)、7.87-7.49(m,21H)、2.46(s,3H)
实施例6(菲咯啉衍生物(Phen-1)的合成)
使连接基团-1’(5.0g)在二噁烷中在60℃下与8-氨基-7-喹啉甲醛5.2g,氢氧化钾5.0g反应,用常规方法处理,得到下式所示的Phen-1(5.8g)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,ppm):9.2(d,2H)、8.8(d,1H)、8.5(d,1H)、8.2(m,3H)、8.1(t,2H)、7.9(t,2H)、7.7-7.5(m,8H)、7.4(m,1H)、7.3-7.2(m,5H)、7.1(s,1H)、6.8(t,1H)、6.5(d,1H)
实施例7(菲咯啉衍生物(Phen-2)的合成)
将四苯基甲烷2.5g、氯化铝2.08g、乙酰氯1.22ml加入到1,2-二氯乙烷100ml中,在室温反应1.5小时,然后在70℃反应2小时。用常规方法处理,得到二乙酰基四苯基甲烷1.03g。1H-NMR(CDCl3,ppm):7.86(d,4H)、7.35(d,4H)、7.24(m,10H)
将上述二乙酰基四苯基甲烷1.0g在二噁烷中在60℃下与8-氨基-7-喹啉醛1.06g,氢氧化钾1.0g反应,用常规方法处理,得到下式所示的Phen-2(1.21g)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,ppm):9.21(d·d,2H)、8.31-8.19(m,8H)、8.07(d,2H)、7.76(q,4H)、7.62(d·d,2H)、7.50(d,4H)、7.39-7.20(m,10H)
实施例8(菲咯啉衍生物(Phen-3)的合成)
将2,2’-二溴联苯2.5g,3-乙酰基苯基硼酸3.9g,2M碳酸钠21ml,四(三苯基膦)钯(O)0.37g加入到1,2-二甲氧乙烷200ml中,在氮气下回流10小时,进行铃木偶合反应,用常规方法处理,得到2,2’-双(3-乙酰基苯基)联苯0.57g。使该二乙酰基体0.57g在二噁烷中在60℃下与8-氨基-7-喹啉甲醛0.63g,氢氧化钾0.6g反应,用常规方法处理,得到下式所示的Phen-3(0.76g)。1H-NMR(CDCl3,ppm):9.20(d·d,2H)、8.43(d,2H)、8.16(d·d,2H)、7.79(d,2H)、7.61-7.26(m,18H)、7.17(t,2H)、6.77(d,2H)
实施例9(菲咯啉衍生物(Phen-4)的合成)
将6,6’-双(三氟甲磺酰氧)-3,3,3’,3’-四甲基-1,1’-螺联二茚满2.5g,4-乙酰基苯基硼酸2.2g,2M碳酸钠12ml,四(三苯基膦)钯(O)0.40g加入到甲苯50ml、乙醇30ml的混合溶剂中,在氮气下回流12小时,进行铃木偶合反应,用常规方法处理,得到6,6’双(4-乙酰基苯基)-3,3,3’,3’-四甲基-1,1’-螺联二茚满1.5g。使该二乙酰基体1.50g在二噁烷中在60℃下与8-氨基-7-喹啉甲醛1.26g,氢氧化钾0.9g反应,用常规方法处理,得到下式所示的Phen-4(1.40g)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,ppm):9.21(d,2H)、8.35(d,4H)、8.25(t,4H)、8.09(d,2H)、7.80-7.59(m,12H)、7.34(d,2H)、7.24(d,2H)、2.46(d,4H)、1.52(s,6H)、1.46(s,6H)
实施例10(菲咯啉衍生物(Phen-5)的合成)
将螺浆烷4.0g,氯化铝3.3g,乙酰氯2.0ml加入1,2-二氯乙烷200ml中,在室温反应1小时,然后在60℃反应6小时,用常规方法处理,得到三乙酰基螺浆烷3.26g。使该三乙酰基体1.41g在二噁烷中在60℃与8-氨基-7-喹啉甲醛1.50g,氢氧化钾1.50g反应,用常规方法处理,得到下式所示的Phen-5(1.32g)。
实施例11(菲咯啉衍生物(Phen-6)的合成)
使2,2’-二乙酰基-9,9’-螺二芴1.52g在二噁烷中在60℃下与5-氨基-6-喹啉醛1.31g,氢氧化钾1.0g反应,用常规方法处理,得到下式所示的Phen-6(0.29g)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,ppm):9.57(d,2H)、8.99(d·d,2H)、8.57(d·d,2H)、8.11(d·d,4H)、7.98(t,4H)、7.84(d,2H)、7.81(d,2H)、7.61-7.56(m,4H)、7.45(t,2H)、7.18(t,2H)、6.84(d,2H)
实施例12(萘啶衍生物(TPM-dNTR)的合成)
将按照实施例7中记载的方法得到的二乙酰基四苯基甲烷0.77g在二噁烷中与2-氨基烟醛0.51g、氢氧化钾0.76g反应,用常规方法处理,得到下式所示的TPM-dNTR(0.82g)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,ppm):9.12(d·d,2H)、8.27-8.16(m,8H)、8.00(d,2H)、7.49-7.44(m,6H)、7.34-7.23(m,10H)
实施例13
将层积了150nmITO透明导电薄膜的玻璃基板(旭硝子(株)制,15Ω/□,电子束蒸镀产品)切断为30×40mm,进行蚀刻。将所得基板分别在丙酮、“Semico-Clean”中用超声波洗涤15分钟,之后用超纯水洗净。然后用异丙醇超声波洗涤15分钟,在热甲醇中浸渍15分钟干燥。将该基板做成元件之前进行1小时UV-臭氧处理,然后设置在真空蒸镀装置内,排气使真空装置内的真空度达到1×10-5Pa以下。用电阻加热法,首先作为第一空穴输送层蒸镀酞菁铜(CuPc)10nm,接着作为第二空穴输送层层积50nm的N,N’-二苯基-N,N’-双(1-萘基)-1,1’-二苯基-4,4’-二胺(α-NPD)。然后使用三(8-羟基喹啉)铝(III)(Alq3)作为主体材料,2,3,5,6-四氢-9-(2-苯并噻唑基)-喹嗪并-[9,9a,1-gh]香豆素(香豆素-1)作为掺杂剂材料,使掺杂剂达到1.0重量%
共蒸镀发光层部分达到25nm厚。接着,作为电子输送层层积25nm厚的如下所示的ETM1。掺杂锂0.2nm,最后蒸镀150nm铝作为阴极,制作成5×5mm四方形的元件。电子输送层的离子化电位是6.07eV,分子量是672,玻璃转移温度是219℃,冷结晶化温度是352℃。发光层的离子化电位是5.78eV,与发光层的离子化电位差是0.29eV。施加10V的外加电压,从该发光元件可得到基于发光峰值波长523nm的掺杂剂材料的绿色发光,发光亮度是38000cd/m2。另外,该发光元件通电后经过500小时后的初期亮度保持率为80%,维持了均质的发光面。
比较例1
除了作为电子输送层使用Alq3以外,与实施例13完全相同制作发光元件。Alq3的离子化电位是5.79eV,分子量是459,玻璃转移温度是180℃。施加10V的外加电压,从该发光元件可得到基于发光峰值波长523nm的掺杂剂材料的绿色发光,发光亮度是6000cd/m2。
比较例2
除了作为电子输送层使用2,9-二甲基-4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲咯啉(BCP)以外,与实施例13完全相同制作发光元件。BCP的离子化电位是6.2eV,分子量是360,结晶化温度是77℃。施加10V的外加电压,从该发光元件可得到基于发光峰值波长523nm的掺杂剂材料的绿色发光,发光亮度是12000cd/m2。但是,该发光元件通电500小时后的的初期亮度保持率在50%以下,在发光面上可看到斑点。
实施例14
除了发光层部分使用4,4’-双(N-咔唑基)联苯(CBP)和三(2-苯基吡啶)铱配合物(Ir(ppy)3)的混合物(铱配合物的含有量8重量%)层积20nm以外,与实施例13完全相同制作发光元件。施加6V的外加电压,从该发光元件可得到基于发光峰值波长515nm的铟配合物的绿色发光,发光亮度是1000cd/m2。这样,本发明的电子输送材料在发光材料使用了磷光材料的元件中也能有效发挥机能。
实施例15
除了作为发光材料使用如下所示的EM1以外,与实施例13完全相同制作发光元件。施加15V的外加电压,从该发光元件可得到基于发光峰值波长463nm的蓝色发光,发光亮度是8000cd/m2。这样,本发明的电子输送材料在蓝色发光元件中也能有效发挥机能。
实施例16
除了发光层部分使用1,4-二酮-2,5-双(3,5-二甲基苄基)-3,6-双(4-甲基苯基)吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯(DPP-1)作为主体材料,使用如下所示EM2作为掺杂剂材料,使掺杂剂达到1.0wt%共蒸镀15nm厚之外,与实施例13完全相同制作发光元件。
比较例3
除了作为电子输送层使用Alq3以外,与实施例16完全相同制做发光元件。
实施例17
除了作为电子输送层使用实施例8中所示的Phen-3以外,与实施例16完全相同制做发光元件。电子输送层的离子化电位是6.14eV,分子量是663,玻璃转移温度为150℃。
实施例18
除了作为主体材料使用1,4-二酮-2,5-双(4-甲基苄基)-3,6-双(1-萘基)吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯(DPP-2)以外,与实施例16完全相同制做发光元件。
实施例19
除了作为主体材料使用1,4-二酮-2,5-二苄基-3,6-双(1-萘基)吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯(DPP-3)以外,与实施例16完全相同制做发光元件。
实施例20
除了作为主体材料使用1,4-二酮-2,5-双(4-异丙基苄基)-3,6-双(1-萘基)吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯(DPP-4)以外,与实施例16完全相同制做发光元件。
实施例21
除了作为主体材料使用1,4-二酮-2,5-二乙基-3,6-双(1-萘基)吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯(DPP-5),作为掺杂剂材料使用下述所示的EM3以外,与实施例16完全相同制做发光元件。
实施例22
除了作为主体材料使用1,4-二酮-2,5-双(4-甲基苄基)-3,6-双(1-(4-甲苯基)吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯(DPP-6)以外,与实施例21完全相同制做发光元件。
本发明的电子输送材料适用于红色发光光件的实施例16~22的结果示于表1。通过使用本发明的电子输送材料,得到了高色纯度、高亮度的红色发光。
实施例23
除了发光层部分使用实施例4的BQ-1作为主体材料,使用4,4-二氟-1,3,5,7,8-四甲基-4-硼杂-3a,4a-二氮杂苯并二茚(PM-1)作为掺杂剂达到掺杂浓度0.5%,使用同样的BQ-1作为电子输送层以外,与实施例13相同制作发光元件。施加11V的外加电压,从该发光元件可得到基于发光峰值波长519nm的掺杂剂材料的绿色发光,发光亮度是8000cd/m2。
实施例24
到空穴输送材料的层积为止都与实施例13同样进行。然后,作为发光材料层积Alq3达到15nm厚,然后,作为电子输送材料层积如下所示的的ETM2达到35nm厚。接着掺杂锂0.2nm,最后蒸镀铝150nm作为阴极,制做5×5mm四方形的元件。电子输送层的离子化电位是5.97eV,分子量是609,玻璃转移温度是112℃。发光层的离子化电位是5.79eV,与发光层的离子化电位差是0.18eV。
比较例4
除了作为发光材料的Alq3的厚度为50nm,不使用电子输送材料以外,与实施例24完全相同制做发光元件。
比较例5
除了使用BCP作为电子输送材料以外,与实施例24完全相同制做发光元件。
实施例25
除了使用实施例4的BQ-1作为电子输送材料以外,与实施例24完全相同制做了发光元件。电子输送层的离子化电位是6.09eV,分子量是670,玻璃转移温度是165℃。与发光层的离子化电位差是0.30eV。
实施例24、25的结果与比较例的结果一并示于表1中。本发明的苯并喹啉衍生物作为电子输送材料也可有效发挥作用。
实施例26
除了使用下述所示EM4作为发光材料以外,与实施例24完全相同制做了发光元件。施加15V的外加电压,从该发光元件可得到基于发光峰值波长465nm的EM4的蓝色发光,发光亮度是1200cd/m2。发光效率是1.0cd/A。本发明的苯并喹啉衍生物作为蓝色发光元件用电子输送材料也可有效发挥作用。
比较例6
除了作为发光材料的EM4的厚度为50nm,不使用电子输送材料以外,与实施例26完全相同制做了发光元件。施加15V的外加电压,从该发光元件可得到基于发光峰值波长465nm的EM4的蓝色发光,但发光亮度是110cd/m2。发光效率0.1cd/A。
实施例27
除了发光层部分使用三(5,7-二苯基-8-羟基喹啉)铝(III)(Al(dPhq)3)作为主体材料,使用4,4-二氟-1,3,5,7-四苯基-4-硼杂-3a,4a-二氮杂苯并二茚(PM-2)作为掺杂剂达到掺杂浓度1.0重量%,共蒸镀达到厚度15nm以外,与实施例24相同制作发光元件。施加10V的外加电压,从该发光元件可得到基于发光峰值波长615nm的掺杂剂材料的红色发光。本发明的苯并喹啉衍生物作为红色发光元件用的电子输送材料也可有效发挥作用。
比较例7
除了作为电子输送材料使用Alq3以外,与实施例27完全相同制作发光元件。施加10V的外加电压,从该发光元件未能得红色发光,在与615nm的发光峰波长一起在535nm的附近产生了台肩峰的橙色发光。
实施例28
除了使用实施例5的BQ-2作为电子输送层以外,与实施例13相同制作了发光元件。施加10V的外加电压,从该发光元件可得到基于发光峰值波长523nm的掺杂材料的绿色发光,发光亮度是20000cd/m2。本发明的苯并喹啉衍生物作为绿色发光元件用的电子输送材料也可有效发挥作用。
实施例29
除了使用实施例5的BQ-3作为电子输送层以外,与实施例16相同制作了发光元件。施加14V的外加电压,从该发光元件可得到基于发光峰值波长618nm的掺杂材料的红色发光,发光亮度是7500cd/m2。本发明的苯并喹啉衍生物作为红色发光元件用的电子输送材料也可有效发挥作用。
实施例30
除了发光层部分使用三(8-羟基喹啉)铝(III)(Alq3)作为主体材料,使用3-(2-苯并噻唑基)-7-二乙基氨基香豆素(香豆素-2)作为掺杂剂材料,层积25nmETM2作为电子输送层以外,与实施例13完全相同制作发光元件。发光层的离子化电位是5.78eV,电子输送层的离子化电位是5.97eV,电子输送层和发光层的离子化电位差是0.19eV。另外,ETM2的分子量是609,玻璃转移温度是112℃。施加10V的外加电压,从该发光元件可得到基于发光峰值波长513nm的掺杂剂材料的绿色发光。发光亮度是5000cd/m2。另外,该发光元件通电500小时后的初期亮度保持率为70%,维持了均质的发光面。
比较例8
除了使用Alq3作为电子输送层以外,与实施例30完全相同制作了发光元件。电子输送层的离子化电位是5.79eV,电子输送层与发光层的离子化电位差是0.01eV。另外,Alq3的分子量是459,玻璃转移温度是180℃。施加10V的外加电压,从该发光元件可得到基于发光峰值波长513nm的掺杂剂材料的绿色发光。发光亮度是3000cd/m2。
比较例9
除了使用2,9-二甲基-4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲咯啉(BCP)作为电子输送层以外,与实施例30完全相同制作了发光元件。电子输送层的离子化电位是6.20eV,电子输送层与发光层的离子化电位差是0.42eV。另外,BCP的分子量是360,结晶化温度是77℃。施加10V的外加电压,从该发光元件可得到基于发光峰值波长513nm的掺杂剂材料的绿色发光。发光亮度是8000cd/m2。该发光元件通电500小时后的初期亮度保持率在50%以下,发光面可看到斑点。
实施例31
除了发光层部分使用EM4作为主体材料,使用下述所示EM5作为掺杂剂材料以外,与实施例30完全相同制作了发光元件。发光层的离子化电位是5.65eV,电子输送层与发光层的离子化电位差是0.32eV。另外,施加15V的外加电压,从该发光元件可得到基于发光峰值波长477nm的掺杂剂材料的蓝色发光。发光亮度是3500cd/m2。这样,本发明的电子输送材料即使在蓝色发光元件中也可有效发挥作用。
实施例32
除了发光层部分使用1,4-二酮-2,5-双(3,5-二叔丁基苄基)-3,6-双(4-联苯)吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯(DPP-7)作为主体材料,使用下述所示EM6作为掺杂剂材料,使掺杂剂达到1.0wt%共蒸镀15nm以外,与实施例30完全相同制作了发光元件。发光层的离子化电位是5.79eV,电子输送层与发光层的离子化电位差是0.18eV。另外,施加14V的外加电压,从该发光元件可得到基于发光峰值波长629nm的掺杂剂材料的红色发光。发光亮度是8000cd/m2。这样,本发明的电子输送材料即使在红色发光元件中也可有效发挥作用。
实施例33
除了使用实施例4的BQ-1作为电子输送层以外,与实施例32完全相同制作了发光元件。BQ-1的离子化电位是6.09eV,电子输送层与发光层的离子化电位差是0.30eV。另外,BQ-1的分子量是670,玻璃转移温度是165℃,没有观测到冷结晶化温度。施加14V的外加电压,从该发光元件可得到基于发光峰值波长629nm的掺杂剂材料的红色发光。发光亮度是9000cd/m2。本发明的电子输送材料即使在红色发光元件中也可有效发挥作用。
比较例10
除了使用Alq3作为电子输送层以外,与实施例32完全相同制作了发光元件。发光层与电子输送层的离子化电位差是0eV。施加10V的外加电压,从该发光元件未能得到红色发光,成为与629nm的发光峰值波长一起具有535nm附近的肩峰的橙色发光。
实施例34
除了作为发光层层积15nm厚的Alq3,然后作为电子输送层层积35nm厚的实施例11的Phen-6以外,与实施例13相同制作了发光元件。施加10V的外加电压,从该发光元件可得到基于发光峰值波长536nm的Alq3的绿色发光,发光亮度是4000cd/m2。另外,该发光元件经过通电500小时后的初期亮度保持率为75%,维持了均质的发光面。
实施例35
蒸镀前的工序与实施例13同样进行。通过电阻加热法,作为空穴注入材料,蒸镀20nm的CuPc,作为空穴输送材料,蒸镀100nm的α-NPD。然后,作为发光材料层积50nm厚的Alq3。接着,作为电子输送材料,层积100nm厚的实施例6的Phen-1。然后在有机层上掺杂0.5nm的锂后,蒸镀200nm铝作为阴极,制作5×5mm四方形的元件。膜厚是水晶振荡式监视器显示值。电子输送层的离子化电位是6.09eV,分子量是689,玻璃转移温度是197℃。发光层的离子化电位是5.79eV,与发光层的离子化电位差是0.30eV。从该发光元件可得到发光波长530nm,亮度20000cd/m2的高亮度绿色发光。该发光元件在1000小时时保持了80%以上的亮度。另外,将该发光元件在真空小室内进行1mA脉冲驱动(Duty比1/60,脉冲时的电流值是60mA),确认为良好的发光。
实施例36
除了作为发光材料,使用Alq3作为主体材料,作为掺杂材料使用4-(二氰基亚甲基)-2-叔丁基-6-(1,1,7,7-四甲基久洛尼定基-9-烯基)-4H-吡喃(DCJTB)达到掺杂浓度2%以外,与实施例35完全相同制作了发光元件。从该发光元件可得到发光波长630nm,亮度10000cd/m2的高亮度橙色发光。该发光元件在1000小时时保持了80%以上的亮度。
实施例37
除了作为主体材料使用4,4’-双(二苯基乙烯基)联苯(DPVBi)以外,与实施例35完全相同制作了发光元件。从该发光元件可得到发光波长460nm,亮度10000cd/m2的高亮度蓝色发光。
实施例38
除了作为主体材料使用DPP-1,作为掺杂剂材料使用PM-2达到掺杂浓度1%以外,与实施例35完全相同制作了发光元件。从该发光元件可得到发光波长610nm,亮度10000cd/m2的高亮度红色发光。
比较例11
除了使用Alq3作为电子输送材料以外,与实施例38完全相同制作了发光元件。从该发光元件除了观察到了从发光材料发出的红色发光以外,还观察到了从电子输送材料发出的绿色发光,色纯度显著变差。
实施例39
除了使用1,4-二酮-2,5-双(3,5-二叔丁基苄基)-3,6-双(3-甲氧苯基)吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯(DPP-8)作为主体材料,使用4,4-二氟-1,3,5,7-四(4-甲基苯基)-8-苯基-4-硼杂-3a,4a-二氮杂苯并二茚(PM-3)作为掺杂材料达到掺杂浓度1%以外,与实施例35完全相同制作了发光元件。从该发光元件可得到发光波长625nm,亮度10000cd/m2的高亮度红色发光。
实施例40
除了使用DPP-7作为主体材料,使用4,4-二氟[3-苯基-1-[(3-苯基-2H-苯并[c]异吲哚-1-基)亚甲基]-1H-苯并[c]异吲哚基-N1,N2]硼烷(PM-4)作为掺杂材料达到掺杂浓度1%以外,与实施例35完全相同制作了发光元件。从该发光元件可得到发光波长635nm,亮度10000cd/m2的高亮度红色发光。
实施例41
除了使用DPP-2作为主体材料,使用4,4-二氟-1,3,5,7-四(4-己基苯基)-4-硼杂-3a,4a-二氮杂苯并二茚(PM-5)作为掺杂材料达到掺杂浓度1%以外,与实施例35完全相同制作了发光元件。从该发光元件可得到发光波长629nm,亮度10000cd/m2的高亮度红色发光。
实施例42
除了使用DPP-3作为主体材料,使用EM2作为掺杂材料达到掺杂浓度1%以外,与实施例35完全相同制作了发光元件。从该发光元件可得到发光波长615nm,亮度10000cd/m2的高亮度红色发光。
实施例43
除了使用DPP-5作为主体材料,使用EM3作为掺杂材料达到掺杂浓度1%以外,与实施例35完全相同制作了发光元件。从该发光元件可得到发光波长620nm,亮度10000cd/m2的高亮度红色发光。
实施例44
除了使用1,4-二酮-2,5-双(3,5-二甲基苄基)-3,6-双(4-乙基苯基)吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯(DPP-9)作为主体材料,使用4,4-二氟-1,3,5,7-四(4-丁基苯基)-8-苯基-4-硼杂-3a,4a-二氮杂苯并二茚(PM-6)作为掺杂材料达到掺杂浓度1%以外,与实施例35完全相同制作了发光元件。从该发光元件可得到发光波长615nm,亮度10000cd/m2的高亮度红色发光。
实施例45
除了使用实施例7的Phen-2作为电子输送材料以外,与实施例35完全相同制作了发光元件。电子输送层的离子化电位是6.11eV,分子量是677,玻璃转移温度是175℃。发光层的离子化电位是5.79eV,与发光层的离子化电位差是0.32eV。从该发光元件,可得到发光波长530nm,亮度20000cd/m2的高亮度绿色发光。该发光元件在1000小时时保持了80%以上的亮度。另外,将该发光元件在真空小室内进行1mA脉冲驱动(功率比1/60,脉冲时的电流值是60mA),确认为良好的发光。
实施例46
除了使用实施例7的Phen-2作为电子输送材料以外,与实施例36同样制作了发光元件。从该发光元件可得到发光波长630nm,亮度10000cd/m2的高亮度红橙色发光。该发光元件在1000小时时保持了80%以上的亮度。
实施例47
除了使用实施例7的Phen-2作为电子输送材料以外,与实施例37同样制作了发光元件。从该发光元件可得到发光波长460nm,亮度10000cd/m2的高亮度蓝色发光。
实施例48
除了使用实施例7的Phen-2作为电子输送材料以外,与实施例38同样制作了发光元件。从该发光元件可得到发光波长610nm,亮度10000cd/m2的高亮度红色发光。
实施例49
除了使用实施例12的TMP-dNTR作为电子输送材料以外,与实施例44同样制作了发光元件。从该发光元件可得到发光波长615nm,亮度10000cd/m2的高亮度红色发光。
实施例50
将层积了150nmITO透明导电薄膜的玻璃基板(旭硝子(株)制,15Ω/□,电子束蒸镀产品)切成30×40mm,用光刻法加工成300μm的节距(剩余宽度270μm)×32根条纹状的图形。为了使ITO条纹长边方向一侧容易与外部电连接,扩宽为1.27mm节距宽度(开口部分宽度800μm)。将所得基板分别在丙酮、“Semico-Clean 56”中用超声波洗涤15分钟,之后用超纯水洗净。然后用异丙醇超声波洗涤15分钟,在热甲醇中浸渍15分钟干燥。将该基板做成元件之前进行1小时UV-臭氧处理,然后设置在真空蒸镀装置内,排气使真空装置内的真空度达到5×10-4Pa以下。用电阻加热法,首先蒸镀10nm的CuPc,接着蒸镀50nm的α-NPD。然后使用Alq3作为主体材料,香豆素-1作为掺杂剂材料,使掺杂剂达到1.0重量%共蒸镀发光层部分达到25nm厚。接着,作为电子输送层层积25nm厚的ETM1。电子输送层的离子化电位是6.07eV,分子量是672,玻璃转移温度是219℃,冷结晶化温度是352℃。然后使用在科瓦铁镍钴合金板上通过湿蚀刻法设置了16根250μm的开口部(剩余宽度50μm,相当于300μm节距)的掩模,在真空中进行掩模交换使之与ITO条纹正交,从里面用磁石固定以使掩模和ITO基板密着。然后,向有机层中掺杂锂0.5nm后,蒸镀铝200nm,制作32×16点矩阵元件。该元件用矩阵驱动时,可不串线(cross talk)地显示文字。
实施例51
除了使用实施例11的Phen-6作为电子输送层以外,与实施例50同样制作了32×16点矩阵元件。该元件用矩阵驱动时,可不串线的显示文字。
实施例52
除了层积25nm的Alq3作为发光层,层积25nm厚的ETM2作为电子输送层以外,与实施例50同样制作了32×16点矩阵元件。该元件用矩阵驱动时,可不串线的显示文字。
实施例53
到蒸镀前为止的工序与实施例50同样进行。通过电阻加热法,蒸镀4,4’-双(N-(间甲苯基)-N-苯基氨基)联苯150nm作为空穴输送材料,蒸镀50nm厚Alq3作为发光材料。然后,作为电子输送材料,层积100nm厚的实施例6的Phen-1。膜厚是水晶振荡式膜厚监视器显示的值。然后使用在科瓦铁镍钴合金板上通过湿蚀刻法设置了16根250μm的开口部(剩余宽度50μm,相当于300μm节距)的掩模,在真空中进行掩模交换使之与ITO条纹正交,从里面用磁石固定以使掩模和ITO基板密着。然后,向有机层中掺杂锂0.5nm后,蒸镀铝200nm,制作32×16点矩阵元件。该元件用矩阵驱动时,可不串线的显示文字。
实施例54
除了使用实施例7的Phen-2作为电子输送层以外,与实施例53同样制作了32×16点矩阵元件。该元件用矩阵驱动时,可不串线的显示文字。
产业上的利用可能性
本发明可提供热稳定性优异,电能利用效率高,色纯度优异的发光元件和其中使用的发光元件用材料。
表1
构成 | 对应权利要求或实施例 | |
实施例1 | 螺环系基本骨架的合成(1) | 9 |
实施例2 | 螺环系基本骨架的合成(2) | 9 |
实施例3 | 向螺环系基本骨架导入反应性取代基 | 9 |
实施例4 | 苯并喹啉衍生物的合成(BQ-1) | (3) |
实施例5 | 苯并喹啉衍生物的合成(BQ-2,3) | (3) |
实施例6 | 菲咯啉衍生物的合成(Phen-1) | 9 |
实施例7 | 菲咯啉衍生物的合成(Phen-2) | 10 |
实施例8 | 菲咯啉衍生物的合成(Phen-3) | (5) |
实施例9 | 菲咯啉衍生物的合成(Phen-4) | (5) |
实施例10 | 菲咯啉衍生物的合成(Phen-5) | (5) |
实施例11 | 1,7-菲咯啉衍生物的合成(Phen-6) | (5) |
实施例12 | 萘啶衍生物的合成(TPM-dNTR) | 10 |
实施例13 | Alq3+香豆素-1(绿)/ETM1(菲咯啉聚合体) | 4-8 |
比较例1 | Alq3+香豆素-1(绿)/Alq3 | 实施例13 |
比较例2 | Alq3+香豆素-1(绿)/BCP | 实施例13 |
实施例14 | 咔唑+磷光掺杂剂(绿)/ETM1(菲咯啉聚合体) | 4,5,7,8 |
实施例15 | EM1(蓝)/ETM1(菲咯啉聚合体) | 4,5,7 |
实施例16 | DPP-1+EM2(红)/ETM1(菲咯啉聚合体) | 4,5,7,8 |
比较例3 | DPP-1+EM2(红)/Alq | 实施例16-22 |
实施例17 | DPP-1+EM2(红)/Phen-3(菲咯啉聚合体) | 4,5,7,8 |
实施例18 | DPP-2+EM2(红)/ETM1(菲咯啉聚合体) | 4,5,7,8 |
实施例19 | DPP-3+EM2(红)/ETM1(菲咯啉聚合体) | 4,5,7,8 |
实施例20 | DPP-4+EM2(红)/ETM1(菲咯啉聚合体) | 4,5,7,8 |
实施例21 | DPP-5+EM3(红)/ETM1(菲咯啉聚合体) | 4,5,7,8 |
实施例22 | DPP-6+EM3(红)/ETM1(菲咯啉聚合体) | 4,5,7,8 |
实施例23 | BQ-1(苯并喹啉聚合体)+PM-1(绿)/BQ-1 | 1(b),2,3 |
实施例24 | Alq3(绿)/ETM2(苯并喹啉聚合体) | 1(b),2-4,6,7 |
比较例4 | Alq3(绿)/Alq | 实施例24,25 |
比较例5 | Alq3(绿)/BCP | 实施例24,25 |
实施例25 | Alq3(绿)/BQ-1(苯并喹啉聚合体) | 1(b),2-4,6,7 |
实施例26 | EM4(蓝)/ETM2(苯并喹啉聚合体) | 1(b),2-4,7 |
比较例6 | EM4(蓝) | 实施例26 |
实施例27 | Al(dPhq)3+PM-2(红)/ETM2(苯并喹啉聚合体) | 1(b),2-4,7,8 |
注1) 实施例13-27的构成是元件的构成,只抽出发光层/电子输送层部分
注2) Mw;分子量、Tg:玻璃转移温度、Ip:离子化电位、Ip差:电子输送层和发光层的离子化电位差
表1(续)
结果 | |||||||||
物性 | EL元件 | ||||||||
电子输送层 | IP差 | 色 | 波长 | 亮度(电压) | 效率 | 保持率 | 发光面 | ||
Mw | Tg[℃] | Ip[eV] | [eV] | [nm] | [cd/m2] | [cd/A] | [%] | ||
672 | 219 | 6.07 | 0.29 | 绿 | 523 | 38000(10V) | 80 | 均质 | |
459 | 180 | 5.79 | 0.01 | 绿 | 523 | 6000(10V) | |||
360 | <77 | 6.2 | 0.42 | 绿 | 523 | 12000(10V) | <50 | 斑驳 | |
672 | 219 | 6.07 | 绿 | 515 | 1000(6V) | ||||
672 | 219 | 6.07 | 蓝 | 463 | 8000(15V) | ||||
672 | 219 | 6.07 | 红 | 618 | 10000 | ||||
459 | 180 | 5.79 | 橙 | 618,535 | |||||
663 | 150 | 6.14 | 红 | 618 | 7000 | ||||
672 | 219 | 6.07 | 红 | 618 | 8500 | ||||
672 | 219 | 6.07 | 红 | 618 | 6500 | ||||
672 | 219 | 6.07 | 红 | 618 | 7000 | ||||
672 | 219 | 6.07 | 红 | 619 | 8900 | ||||
672 | 219 | 6.07 | 红 | 619 | 6600 | ||||
绿 | 519 | 8000(11V) | |||||||
609 | 112 | 5.97 | 0.18 | 绿 | 536 | 4000 | 2.0 | 80 | 均质 |
459 | 180 | 5.79 | 0 | 绿 | 536 | 3800 | 1.9 | ||
360 | <77 | 6.2 | 0.41 | 绿 | 536 | 3000 | 1.4 | <50 | 斑驳 |
670 | 165 | 6.09 | 0.30 | 绿 | 536 | 3500 | 1.8 | 80 | 均质 |
609 | 112 | 5.97 | 蓝 | 465 | 1200(15V) | 1.0 | |||
蓝 | 465 | 110(15V) | 0.1 | ||||||
609 | 112 | 5.97 | 红 | 615 |
表2
构成 | 对应权利要求或实施例 | |
比较例7 | Al(dPhq)3+PM-2(红)/Alq | 实施例27 |
实施例28 | Alq3+香豆素-1(绿)/BQ-2(苯并喹啉聚合体) | 1(b),2,3 |
实施例29 | DPP-1+EM2(红)/BQ-3(苯并喹啉聚合体) | 1(b),2,3 |
实施例30 | Alq3+香豆素-2(绿)/ETM2(苯并喹啉聚合体) | 1(b),2-4,6-8 |
比较例8 | Alq3+香豆素-2(绿)/Alq | 实施例30 |
比较例9 | Alq3+香豆素-2(绿)/BCP | 实施例30 |
实施例31 | EM4+EM5(蓝)/ETM2(苯并喹啉聚合体) | 1(b),2-4,6-8 |
实施例32 | DPP-7+EM6(红)/ETM2(苯并喹啉聚合体) | 1(b),2-4,6-8 |
实施例33 | DPP-7+EM6(红)/BQ-1(苯并喹啉聚合体) | 1(b),2-4,6-8 |
比较例10 | DPP-7+EM6(红)/Alq | 实施例32,33 |
实施例34 | Alq(绿)/Phen-6(1,7-菲咯啉聚合体) | 1(a) |
实施例35 | Alq(绿)/Phen-1(螺环系菲咯啉聚合体) | 1(c),4-7 |
实施例36 | Alq3+DCJTB(红)/Phen-1(螺环系菲咯啉聚合体) | 1(c),4,5,7,8 |
实施例37 | DPVBi(蓝)/Phen-1(螺环系菲咯啉聚合体) | 1(c),4,5,7 |
实施例38 | DPP-1+PM-2(红)/Phen-1(螺环系菲咯啉聚合体) | 1(c),4,5,7,8 |
比较例11 | DPP-1+PM-2(红)/Alq | 实施例38 |
实施例39 | DPP-8+PM-3(红)/Phen-1(螺环系菲咯啉聚合体) | 1(c),4,5,7,8 |
实施例40 | DPP-7+PM-4(红)/Phen-1(螺环系菲咯啉聚合体) | 1(c),4,5,7,8 |
实施例41 | DPP-2+PM-5(红)/Phen-1(螺环系菲咯啉聚合体) | 1(c),4,5,7,8 |
实施例42 | DPP-3+EM2(红)/Phen-1(螺环系菲咯啉聚合体) | 1(c),4,5,7,8 |
实施例43 | DPP-5+EM3(红)/Phen-1(螺环系菲咯啉聚合体) | 1(c),4,5,7,8 |
实施例44 | DPP-9+PM-6(红)/Phen-1(螺环系菲咯啉聚合体) | 1(c),4,5,7,8 |
实施例45 | Alq(绿)/Phen-2(四苯基甲烷系菲咯啉聚合体) | 1(d),4-7 |
实施例46 | Alq(绿)+DCJTB(红橙色)/Phen-2(四苯基甲烷系菲咯啉聚合体) | 1(d),4,5,7,8 |
实施例47 | DPVBi(蓝)/Phen-2(四苯基甲烷系菲咯啉聚合体) | 1(d),4,5,7 |
实施例48 | DPP-1+PM-2(红)/Phen-2(四苯基甲烷系菲咯啉聚 | 1(d),4,5,7,8 |
合体) | ||
实施例49 | DPP-9+PM-6(红)/TPM-dNTR(四苯基甲烷衍生物) | 1(d),4,5,7,8 |
实施例50 | 点阵(使用ETM1(菲咯啉聚合体)) | 11 |
实施例51 | 点阵(使用Phen-6(1,7-菲咯啉聚合体)) | 11 |
实施例52 | 点阵(使用ETM2(苯并喹啉聚合体)) | 11 |
实施例53 | 点阵(使用Phen-1(螺环菲咯啉聚合体)) | 11 |
实施例54 | 点阵(使用Phen-2(四苯基甲烷系菲咯啉聚合体)) | 11 |
注1) 实施例28-49的构成是元件的构成,只抽出发光层/电子输送层部分
注2) 实施例50-54是点阵的实施例,只抽出使用的本发明化合物
注3) Mw;分子量、Tg:玻璃转移温度、Ip:离子化电位、Ip差:电子输送层和发光层的离子化电位差
表2(续)
结果 | |||||||||
物性 | EL元件 | ||||||||
电子输送层 | IP差 | 色 | 波长 | 亮度(电压) | 效率 | 保持率 | 发光面 | ||
Mw | Tg[℃] | Ip[eV] | [eV] | [nm] | [cd/m2] | [cd/A] | [%] | ||
459 | 180 | 5.79 | 橙 | 615,535 | |||||
绿 | 523 | 20000(10V) | |||||||
红 | 618 | 7500(14V) | |||||||
609 | 112 | 5.97 | 0.19 | 绿 | 513 | 5000(10V) | 70 | 均质 | |
459 | 180 | 5.79 | 0.01 | 绿 | 513 | 3000(10V) | |||
360 | <77 | 6.20 | 0.42 | 绿 | 513 | 8000(10V) | <50 | 斑驳 | |
609 | 112 | 5.97 | 0.32 | 蓝 | 477 | 3500(15V) | |||
609 | 112 | 5.97 | 0.18 | 红 | 629 | 8008(14V) | |||
670 | 165 | 6.09 | 0.30 | 红 | 629 | 9000(14V) | |||
459 | 180 | 5.79 | 0 | 橙 | 629,535 |
绿 | 536 | 4000(10V) | 75 | 均质 | |||||
689 | 197 | 6.09 | 0.30 | 绿 | 530 | 20000 | >80 | ||
689 | 197 | 6.09 | 红 | 630 | 10000 | >80 | |||
689 | 197 | 6.09 | 蓝 | 460 | 10000 | ||||
689 | 197 | 6.09 | 红 | 610 | 10000 | ||||
459 | 180 | 5.79 | 红+绿 | ||||||
689 | 197 | 6.09 | 红 | 625 | 10000 | ||||
689 | 197 | 6.09 | 红 | 635 | 10000 | ||||
689 | 197 | 6.09 | 红 | 629 | 10000 | ||||
689 | 197 | 6.09 | 红 | 615 | 10000 | ||||
689 | 197 | 6.09 | 红 | 620 | 10000 | ||||
689 | 197 | 6.09 | 红 | 615 | 10000 | ||||
677 | 175 | 6.11 | 0.32 | 绿 | 530 | 20000 | |||
677 | 175 | 6.11 | 红 | 630 | 10000 | ||||
677 | 175 | 6.11 | 蓝 | 460 | 10000 | ||||
677 | 175 | 6.11 | 红 | 610 | 10000 | ||||
677 | 175 | 6.11 | 红 | 615 | 10000 | ||||
Claims (10)
1、一种发光元件,该元件是具有至少依次层积阳极、发光层、电子输送层、阴极形成的结构,通过电能发光的元件,其特征在于,该元件具有苯并喹啉衍生物。
2、如权利要求1所述的发光元件,具有苯并喹啉衍生物,并且该苯并喹啉衍生物是具有多个苯并喹啉骨架的化合物。
3、如权利要求2所述的发光元件,多个苯并喹啉骨架是通过共轭键、芳香烃、芳香杂环、或它们的混合基团中的任一个连接的。
4、如权利要求1~3任一项所述的发光元件,其特征在于,该苯并喹啉衍生物包含在电子输送层中。
5、如权利要求4所述的发光元件,其特在于,该苯并喹啉衍生物是分子量大于等于400,玻璃转移温度大于等于90℃,离子化电位大于等于5.9eV的,具有苯并喹啉骨架的有机化合物。
6、如权利要求5所述的发光元件,具有苯并喹啉骨架的有机化合物是具有多个该苯并喹啉骨架的化合物,它们是通过共轭键、芳香烃、芳香杂环、或它们的混合基团中的任一个连接的。
7、如权利要求1所述的发光元件,其特征在于,该电子输送层具有比该发光层的离子化电位大0.1eV或其以上的离子化电位。
8、如权利要求1所述的发光元件,其中构成该发光层和电子输送层的材料是具有升华性的有机化合物。
9、权利要求1所述的发光元件,其中该发光层至少由2种有机化合物构成。
10、一种显示器,该显示器是权利要求1所述的发光元件以矩阵和/或段方式进行显示的。
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CN104321406A (zh) * | 2012-04-02 | 2015-01-28 | 诺瓦尔德股份有限公司 | 半导体化合物在有机发光器件中的用途 |
WO2016023458A1 (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2016-02-18 | The University Of Hong Kong | Novel carbo- and heterocyclic spiro compounds as donor materials for organic photovoltaics and their preparation |
CN107148414A (zh) * | 2014-08-11 | 2017-09-08 | 香港大学 | 作为有机光伏器件的供体材料的新型碳环和杂环螺环化合物及其制备 |
CN107148414B (zh) * | 2014-08-11 | 2021-04-13 | 香港大学 | 作为有机光伏器件的供体材料的新型碳环和杂环螺环化合物及其制备 |
CN110612293A (zh) * | 2017-07-10 | 2019-12-24 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 新化合物和包含其的有机发光器件 |
CN110612293B (zh) * | 2017-07-10 | 2023-06-16 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 新化合物和包含其的有机发光器件 |
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US7318966B2 (en) | 2008-01-15 |
KR100867495B1 (ko) | 2008-11-06 |
KR20070118711A (ko) | 2007-12-17 |
TW572993B (en) | 2004-01-21 |
EP1341403A1 (en) | 2003-09-03 |
EP1341403B8 (en) | 2016-07-06 |
KR20020070352A (ko) | 2002-09-05 |
KR100867496B1 (ko) | 2008-11-10 |
US20030168970A1 (en) | 2003-09-11 |
EP1341403A8 (en) | 2003-12-17 |
KR20070118712A (ko) | 2007-12-17 |
CN100481571C (zh) | 2009-04-22 |
EP2365735B1 (en) | 2013-08-28 |
CN1397148A (zh) | 2003-02-12 |
WO2002043449A1 (fr) | 2002-05-30 |
EP1341403B1 (en) | 2016-05-11 |
EP2365735A2 (en) | 2011-09-14 |
KR100867493B1 (ko) | 2008-11-06 |
KR20080041754A (ko) | 2008-05-13 |
CN1291983C (zh) | 2006-12-27 |
KR20080003446A (ko) | 2008-01-07 |
EP2365735A3 (en) | 2011-10-26 |
EP1341403A4 (en) | 2007-10-03 |
KR100867494B1 (ko) | 2008-11-06 |
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