CN1324351A - 制备西酞普兰的方法 - Google Patents
制备西酞普兰的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1324351A CN1324351A CN99812369A CN99812369A CN1324351A CN 1324351 A CN1324351 A CN 1324351A CN 99812369 A CN99812369 A CN 99812369A CN 99812369 A CN99812369 A CN 99812369A CN 1324351 A CN1324351 A CN 1324351A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- citalopram
- compound
- acid
- reaction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229960001653 citalopram Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-HXUWFJFHSA-N (R)-citalopram Chemical compound C1([C@@]2(C3=CC=C(C=C3CO2)C#N)CCCN(C)C)=CC=C(F)C=C1 WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002243 precursor Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- -1 fluorophenyl magnesium halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CO1 IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- RHDGNLCLDBVESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-en-4-olide Chemical compound O=C1CC=CO1 RHDGNLCLDBVESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003747 Grignard reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- QQVDYSUDFZZPSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloromethylidene(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)=CCl QQVDYSUDFZZPSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001263 acyl chlorides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- UFULAYFCSOUIOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteamine Chemical compound NCCS UFULAYFCSOUIOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960003151 mercaptamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(Cl)=O CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentachloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003549 thiazolines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- PCCDWPAOUMBBAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-3h-2-benzofuran-1-one Chemical compound C=1C=C2C(=O)OCC2=CC=1C1=NCCO1 PCCDWPAOUMBBAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- DLNKOYKMWOXYQA-APPZFPTMSA-N phenylpropanolamine Chemical compound C[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DLNKOYKMWOXYQA-APPZFPTMSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PVFOMCVHYWHZJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl PVFOMCVHYWHZJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 59
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 29
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N serotonin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=C2C(CCN)=CNC2=C1 QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940058020 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminomethyl propanol Chemical group CC(C)(N)CO CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000935 antidepressant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001149 thermolysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- VMJNTFXCTXAXTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carbonitrile Chemical group C1=C(C#N)C=C2OC(F)(F)OC2=C1 VMJNTFXCTXAXTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- CBDKQYKMCICBOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CS1 CBDKQYKMCICBOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical class CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KGWDUNBJIMUFAP-KVVVOXFISA-N Ethanolamine Oleate Chemical compound NCCO.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O KGWDUNBJIMUFAP-KVVVOXFISA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-L L-tartrate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-L 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001430 anti-depressive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940005513 antidepressants Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(i) cyanide Chemical compound [Cu+].N#[C-] DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- PQLFROTZSIMBKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl carbonochloridate Chemical compound ClC(=O)OC=C PQLFROTZSIMBKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N itaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229940043265 methyl isobutyl ketone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(O)=O CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N theophylline Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1NC=N2 ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QBYIENPQHBMVBV-HFEGYEGKSA-N (2R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H](C(O)=O)c1ccccc1.O[C@@H](C(O)=O)c1ccccc1 QBYIENPQHBMVBV-HFEGYEGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQBWNECTZUOWID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-cinnamyl (E)-cinnamate Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC(=O)OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 NQBWNECTZUOWID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXCRMKYHFFMNPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C1C2=CC=C(C#N)C=C2CO1 YXCRMKYHFFMNPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDULGHZNHURECF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylaniline 2,4-dimethylaniline 2,5-dimethylaniline 2,6-dimethylaniline 3,4-dimethylaniline 3,5-dimethylaniline Chemical group CC1=CC=C(N)C(C)=C1.CC1=CC=C(C)C(N)=C1.CC1=CC(C)=CC(N)=C1.CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1C.CC1=CC=CC(N)=C1C.CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1N CDULGHZNHURECF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHFJUXYUXQYZSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-methylpropane-1-thiol Chemical compound CC(C)(N)CS WHFJUXYUXQYZSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003504 2-oxazolinyl group Chemical group O1C(=NCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- KHEVPDFAQFJIGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfooxyethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CCOS(O)(=O)=O KHEVPDFAQFJIGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYYRRBOMNHUCLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-n,n-dimethylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCCl NYYRRBOMNHUCLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SKTFQHRVFFOHTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-bromo-1,3-dimethyl-7h-purine-2,6-dione Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1NC(Br)=N2 SKTFQHRVFFOHTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KTGRHKOEFSJQNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Citalopram Oxalate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O.O1CC2=CC(C#N)=CC=C2C1(CCCN(C)C)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 KTGRHKOEFSJQNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKLJPTJMIBLJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Compound IV Chemical compound O1N=C(C)C=C1CCCCCCCOC1=CC=C(C=2OCCN=2)C=C1 FKLJPTJMIBLJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UWTATZPHSA-N D-Serine Chemical compound OC[C@@H](N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-LWMBPPNESA-L D-tartrate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-LWMBPPNESA-L 0.000 description 1
- 206010012289 Dementia Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07D413/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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Abstract
本发明涉及制备西酞普兰或其任何对映体及其酸加成盐的方法,该方法包括用脱水剂处理式Ⅳ的化合物,其中X是O或S;R1、R2彼此独立地选自氢原子和C1-C6烷基,或者R1和R2一起形成C2-C5亚烷基链并因此形成螺环;R3选自氢原子和C1-C6烷基,R4选自氢原子、C1-C6烷基、羧基或其前体基团,或者R3和R4一起形成C2-C5亚烷基链并因此形成螺环;或者当X是S时,将该噻唑啉环热裂解,或在自由基引发剂存在下处理,形成西酞普兰。本发明还涉及用于制备西酞普兰的新方法中的中间体,以及按照该新方法制备的西酞普兰。
Description
本发明涉及熟知的抗抑郁药西酞普兰,1-[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基]-1-(4-氟苯基)-1,3-二氢-5-异苯并呋喃腈的制备方法。
发明背景
西酞普兰是熟知的抗抑郁药,其上市已有一些年了,它具有如下结构:式Ⅰ
它是选择性的中枢作用血清素(5-羟色胺;5-HT)再吸收抑制剂,具有抗抑郁活性。该化合物的抗抑郁活性已在若干出版物中报告,例如,J.Hyttel,Prog.Neuro-Psychopharmacol.&Biol.Psychiat.,1982,6,277-295和A.Gravem,Acta Psychiatr.Scand.,1987,75,478-486。也已公开了该化合物在治疗痴呆和脑血管病中发挥作用,见EP-A474580。
西酞普兰最先公开于DE2657271,该专利相应于US4136193。此专利公开文本描述了西酞普兰的一种制备方法,并概述了可以用于制备西酞普兰的其它方法。
按照所述方法,相应的1-(4-氟苯基)-1,3-二氢-5-异苯并呋喃腈与3-(N,N-二甲基氨基)丙基氯在缩合试剂甲亚磺酰甲烷的存在下反应。起始物由相应的5-溴代衍生物与氰化亚铜反应制备。
按照第二种方法,其仅仅是总的概述,西酞普兰可以通过在脱水剂的存在下将如下化合物闭环,并随后用氰化亚铜将5-溴替换为氰基而获得:式Ⅱ式Ⅱ的起始物由5-溴代2-苯并[c]呋喃酮通过连续的格利雅反应制备,即分别与4-氟苯基氯化镁和N,N-二甲基氨基丙基氯化镁反应。
美国专利No.4650884描述了制备西酞普兰的新的、令人惊奇的方法和中间体,其中下式的中间体:式Ⅲ通过用浓硫酸脱水闭环以获得西酞普兰。中间体式Ⅲ由5-氰基-2-苯并[c]呋喃酮通过两个连续的格利雅反应制备,即分别与4-氟苯基氯卤化镁和N,N-二甲基氨基丙基卤化镁反应。
其它方法描述于国际专利申请WO98/019511、WO98/019512和WO98/019513。WO98/019512和WO98/019513涉及的方法中,5-氨基、5-羧基或5-(仲氨基羰基)-2-苯并[c]呋喃酮进行两个连续的格利雅反应、闭环并将所得1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃衍生物转变为相应的5-氰基化合物,即西酞普兰。国际专利申请WO98/019511公开了制备西酞普兰的一种方法,其中(4-取代-2-羟基甲基苯基)-(4-氟苯基)甲醇化合物进行闭环,而所得5-取代的1-(4-氟苯基)-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃转变为相应的5-氰基衍生物并用(3-二甲基氨基)丙基卤化物烷基化以得到西酞普兰。
最后,西酞普兰单一对映体的制备方法描述于美国专利No.4943590,从其中也可以看出式Ⅲ中间体的闭环反应可以由不稳定的酯用碱处理来完成。
现在我们发现通过一种新的方法,可以获得高收率的非常纯的西酞普兰,在该方法中,选择性取代的2-[1-[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基]-1-(4-氟苯基)-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基]恶唑啉或-噻唑啉一步转变为西酞普兰,而基本上没有出现任何不利的副反应。
还已发现直接由5-羧基-2-苯并[c]呋喃酮开始,通过与选择性取代的2-羟基-乙胺或2-巯基-乙胺形成其酰胺并闭环,能制备选择性取代的2-[1-[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基]-1-(4-氟苯基)-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基]恶唑啉或-噻唑啉中间体。该中间体恶唑啉和噻唑啉在格利雅反应条件下是稳定的。
发明概述
其中X是O或S;
R1、R2彼此独立地选自氢原子和C1-C6烷基,或者R1和R2一起形成C2-C5亚烷基链并因此形成螺环;R3选自氢原子和C1-C6烷基,R4选自氢原子、C1-C6烷基、羧基或其前体基团,或者R3和R4一起形成C2-C5亚烷基链并因此形成螺环;或者当X是S时,将该噻唑啉环热裂解,或用自由基引发剂如过氧化物或光处理,形成下式的西酞普兰的碱或其酸加成盐形式:式Ⅰ并在此后选择性地将所述碱或所述酸加成盐转变为其药用盐的形式。
脱水剂可以是便于用于本领域的任何适合的脱水剂,如三氯氧磷、亚硫酰氯、五氯化磷、PPA(多磷酸)和P4O10。该反应可以在有机碱如吡啶的存在下进行。
或者,该脱水剂可以是Vilsmeier试剂,即通过氯化试剂,优选酰氯,例如,光气、草酰氯、亚硫酰氯、氯氧磷、五氯化磷、氯甲酸三氯甲酯(也简称为“双光气”)或双(三氯甲基)碳酸酯(也简称为“三光气”),与叔酰胺如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或N,N-二烷基烷酰胺如N,N-二甲基乙酰胺反应形成的化合物。经典的Vilsmeier试剂是氯化氯亚甲基二甲基亚铵。Vilsmeier试剂优选通过向含式Ⅳ的起始恶唑啉或-噻唑啉衍生物和叔酰胺的混合物中加入氯化试剂就地制备。
当X是S时,噻唑啉基向氰基的转变通过热转化完成,化合物Ⅳ的热分解优选在无水有机溶剂,更优选在质子惰性极性溶剂如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲亚砜或乙腈中进行。将2-噻唑基热分解转化为氰基的反应温度为60℃至140℃。该热分解通过在适当溶剂优选乙腈中回流可方便地进行。在氧气或氧化剂的存在下可以便利地进行该热裂解。也可以通过用自由基引发剂如光或过氧化物处理,将X是S而R4是羧基或羧基前体的式Ⅳ化合物转变为西酞普兰。
在另一个方面,本发明涉及其中式Ⅳ化合物是S-对映体形式的上述方法。
另外,本发明涉及通过本发明方法制备的西酞普兰或S-西酞普兰,并涉及含本发明方法制备的西酞普兰或S-西酞普兰的抗抑郁药物组合物。
按照本发明,令人惊奇地发现该恶唑啉或-噻唑啉基团可以引入2-苯并[c]呋喃酮的5位,并在随后的反应中保持稳定。
此外,现已发现式Ⅳ中间体的1,1-二取代的异苯并呋喃羰基惊人的稳定,且2-[1-[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基]-1-(4-氟苯基)-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基]恶唑啉或-噻唑啉与脱水剂特别是Vilsmeier试剂反应得到相应的腈即西酞普兰的反应,较文献中描述的这类脱水反应而言,可以在较高的温度下进行。
还已发现由于选择性取代的2-恶唑啉基或2-噻唑啉基以及1,1-二取代的异苯并呋喃基的联合稳定性,因而能直接由5-羧基-2-苯并[c]呋喃酮开始,制备2-[1-[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基]-1-(4-氟苯基)-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基1恶唑啉或-噻唑啉中间体Ⅳ,并因此制备纯的西酞普兰及其盐。
籍本发明的方法,以纯品形式获得的西酞普兰收率很好,因此降低了纯化步骤的成本。
按照本发明,式Ⅳ的化合物可以由5-羧基-2-苯并[c]呋喃酮制备,并通过如下转变为西酞普兰及其盐,该方法包括:
其中X、R1-R4定义如上;
(c)所得式Ⅷ的2-(1-氧代-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基)恶唑啉或-噻唑啉
其中X、R1-R4定义如上,进行连续的格利雅反应,首先与氟苯基卤化镁,其次与[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基]卤化镁就地反应;
(d)所得式Ⅸ的2-[3-羟甲基-4-[(1-(4-氟苯基)-1-羟基-[4-(二甲基氨基)丁基]苯基)恶唑啉
其中X、R1-R4定义如上,通过脱水闭环;
其中X、R1-R4定义如上,与脱水剂反应,或者如果X是S则将式Ⅳ的化合物进行热分解反应,或者用自由基引发剂处理;并以游离碱或其酸加成盐的形式分离所得西酞普兰。
(f)选择性地将所述游离碱或所述酸加成盐转变为其药用盐。
西酞普兰的总合成方法给出如上,包括通过5-羧基-2-苯并[c]呋喃酮与选择性取代的乙醇胺或巯基乙胺反应并将所得酰胺闭环,使用新的中间体来制备中间体恶唑啉或-噻唑啉。
步骤(a)中使用的5-羧基-2-苯并[c]呋喃酮的功能基衍生物是其酰卤化物、酸酐、混合酸酐、活性酯(例如4-硝基苯基酯)或游离酸,用二环己基碳二亚胺将其适当地活化。优选的功能基衍生物是酰氯,其可以通过游离酸与亚硫酰氯反应获得并直接与式Ⅵ的2-羟基-乙胺或2-巯基乙胺就地反应。5-羧基-2-苯并[c]呋喃酮可以由5-氰基-2-苯并[c]呋喃酮制备。
另一种有利的功能基衍生物是与碳酸的单酯优选碳酸单乙酯形成的混合酸酐,其可以由5-羧基-2-苯并[c]呋喃酮和氯甲酸乙酯获得,并直接与式Ⅵ的2-羟基-乙胺或2-巯基乙胺就地反应。
在式Ⅵ的起始物中,R1-R4优选选自甲基或乙基或氢原子,或者R1与R2或R3与R4组合之一分别连接以形成1,4-亚丁基或1,5-亚戊基。首选,R1和R2及R3和R4分别是相同的。优选的试剂是2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇、2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙硫醇、2-氨基-3-羟基-丙酸(R,S-丝氨酸、R-丝氨酸及S-丝氨酸)和R,S-半胱氨酸、R-半胱氨酸和S-半胱氨酸。式Ⅵ的化合物可以商购或可以用常规方法由商购的化合物制备。
5-羧基-2-苯并[c]呋喃酮的功能基衍生物(Ⅴ)与式Ⅵ的乙醇胺或巯基乙胺的反应在10-40℃,优选在15-25℃,在如下的质子惰性有机溶剂中进行,例如,醚如甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃或二恶烷,酮如丙酮或甲基异丁基酮,烃如甲苯,或被氯化的试剂如二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷或1,1,1-三氯乙烷。当功能基衍生物是氯化物时,优选使用烃,方便的是甲苯,而当功能基衍生物是混合酸酐时,优选使用酮,方便的是丙酮。该反应以形成酰胺的常规方式发生。但是,当被活化的酸衍生物是5-羧基-2-苯并[c]呋喃酮氯化物时,该反应是在无机碱如碳酸钠或碳酸钾的存在下便利地进行的,而例如当与碳酸单乙酯形成的混合酸酐用作功能基衍生物时,可以使用有机碱如三乙胺。
在步骤(b)中,式Ⅶ的酰胺通过脱水,优选通过以亚硫酰氯处理进行闭环。在低温下,即至少低于10℃,优选低于5℃,首选-10℃至3℃,将式Ⅴ的酰胺加入到脱水剂中。当使用亚硫酰氯时,该温度低于0℃是有利的,优选约-10℃。然后,将温度升至20℃,并在20-40℃,优选在25-35℃,首选28至30℃下完成此反应。
当亚硫酰氯用作脱水剂时,式Ⅷ的2-(1-氧代-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基)恶唑啉或-噻唑啉是以盐酸盐的形式得到的,其通过用醚溶剂优选四氢呋喃稀释可以分离。相应的碱可以通过从该盐酸盐的碱性水溶液中沉淀来分离。
上述步骤(a)和(b)可以在一个反应器中进行,即不用分离式Ⅶ的酰胺。
在步骤(c)中,所得式Ⅷ的化合物进行两个连续的格利雅反应。具体地讲,在常规条件下其与4-氟苯基卤化镁,较方便的是氯化物或溴化物,优选溴化物反应,该反应优选四氢呋喃作为溶剂。然后,在格利雅反应的常规条件下,用溶解于上步格利雅反应使用的相同溶剂,优选四氢呋喃中的[3(-二甲基氨基)丙基]卤化镁,较方便的是氯化物或溴化物,优选氯化物处理反应混合物。
所得式Ⅸ的2-[3-羟甲基-4-[(1-(4-氟苯基)-1-羟基-[4-(二甲基氨基)丁基]苯基)恶唑啉或-噻唑啉可以按照常规技术分离。
在步骤(d)中,式Ⅸ化合物的闭环反应通过消除一个水分子进行。此消除反应可以受酸或通过不稳定的酯用碱影响。用无机酸如硫酸或磷酸,或用有机酸如甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸或三氟乙酸进行酸性闭环反应。通过不稳定的酯如甲磺酰基、对甲苯磺酰基、10-樟脑磺酰基、三氟乙酰基或三氟甲磺酰基酯在碱如三乙胺、二甲基苯胺、吡啶等的存在下进行碱性闭环反应。该反应在惰性溶剂进行,优选在冷却条件下,特别是约0℃下,并优选用一个反应器进行,即在碱的存在下酯化。
步骤(e)中,如上所述用脱水剂处理式Ⅳ的化合物。游离碱或其盐形式的式Ⅳ化合物与Vilsmeier试剂的反应在无水有机溶剂中进行。该无水有机溶剂可以是质子惰性溶剂如烃,例如,甲苯或二甲苯,或极性溶剂,或其可以是形成Vilsmeier试剂的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,其中叔酰胺相对该酰氯以至少化学计量的量存在,优选过量,例如,是化学计量量的二倍。氯化试剂的加入,一般在低温下,但是该反应本身发生在80-150℃,优选90-130℃,或更优选100-120℃。这些温度范围使该反应在4小时内,特别是在30-60分钟内完成。
在步骤d)中闭环及随后为了在步骤e)中将恶唑啉或噻唑啉转变为CN的脱水反应,在优选的实施方案中是以一步反应进行的,不必分离式Ⅳ的中间体,例如,通过用亚硫酰氯作为脱水剂。
如上所述,所得西酞普兰可以以游离碱或其盐的形式分离,并转变为所选终产物,优选西酞普兰氢溴酸盐。
本发明的方法允许西酞普兰及其盐的制备从带有恶唑啉或噻唑啉基的化合物开始,其代表了氰基的有价值的且直接的前体,其在格利雅反应条件下是稳定的。在式Ⅳ化合物中噁唑啉或噻唑啉基团的热分解可以是非常简便的。
此外,本发明的方法允许西酞普兰及其盐的两种对映体的制备从式Ⅳ化合物的相应对映体开始,或当由5-羧基-2-苯并[c]呋喃酮开始总合成时,通过拆分式Ⅸ化合物来完成。R3和R4表示甲基而R1和R2是氢原子的式Ⅳ或Ⅸ的化合物是要特别强调的。
对映体形式的式Ⅳ和Ⅸ中间体,可以用常规分离技术或如US-A-4943590所述获得。
为了分离非对映异构体盐的混合物并以游离碱或其盐的形式分离光学活性的式Ⅸ化合物,用光学活性酸,例如,(-)-或(+)-酒石酸或(-)-或(+)-樟脑-10-磺酸处理消旋物形式的式Ⅸ化合物是有利的。
直接由5-羧基-2-苯并[c]呋喃酮进行西酞普兰及其盐的总合成,代表了优选的实施方案,并包括了一系列的中间体,它们是本发明的进一步的目的。
因此,按照本发明的其它目的,本发明涉及可按照步骤(d)得到的式Ⅳ的化合物,以及按照步骤(b)和(c)获得的式Ⅷ和Ⅸ的化合物。
式Ⅳ、Ⅶ和Ⅸ化合物的盐可以是任何酸加成盐,包括药用酸加成盐,例如,盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐。
其它反应条件、溶剂等是这些类型反应的常规条件,且本领域技术人员可以容易确定。
通式Ⅰ的化合物可以以游离碱或以其药用酸加成盐的形式使用。作为酸加成盐,可以使用与有机酸或无机酸形成的盐。有机酸盐的实例为与马来酸、富马酸、苯甲酸、抗坏血酸、琥珀酸、草酸、双亚甲基水杨酸、甲磺酸、乙二磺酸、乙酸、丙酸、酒石酸、水杨酸、枸橼酸、葡糖酸、乳酸、苹果酸、苦杏仁酸、肉桂酸、柠康酸、天门冬氨酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸、衣康酸、乙醇酸、对氨基苯甲酸、谷氨酸、苯磺酸和茶硷乙酸以及8-卤代茶碱,例如8-溴代茶碱形成的盐。无机酸盐的实例为与盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、氨基磺酸、磷酸和硝酸形成的盐。
这些化合物的酸加成盐可以通过本领域已知方法制备。在水混溶溶剂如丙酮和乙醇中该碱与计算量的酸反应,随后通过浓缩并冷却分离该盐,或者在与水混溶溶剂如乙醚、乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷中与过量的酸反应,此盐自发地分离。
本发明的药物组合物可以以任何适宜的途径并以任何适宜的形式给药,例如,以片剂、胶囊、散剂或糖浆的形式口服,或以常规灭菌溶液剂的形式注射。
本发明的药物组合物可以通过本领域常规的方法制备。例如,通过将活性组分与普通辅剂和/或稀释剂混合,并随后将此混合物在常规压片机中压制,可以制备片剂。辅剂或稀释剂的实例包括:玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、滑石、硬脂酸镁、明胶、乳糖、树胶等。只要与这些活性组分相容,可以使用任何其它辅剂或着色剂、芳味剂、防腐剂。
通过将活性组分和可能的添加剂溶解于部分注射用溶剂,优选灭菌水中,将该溶液调整至所需的体积,将该溶液灭菌并分装在适当的安瓿或小瓶中,可以制备注射用溶液剂。可以加入常规用于本领域的任何适宜的添加剂,如渗透压调节剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂等。
通过下列实施例进一步举例说明本发明。
实施例1
制备西酞普兰氢溴酸盐
向已经冷却至-20℃的、4,4-二甲基-2-[1-[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基]-1-(4-氟苯基)-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基]噁唑啉(19g,0.0479mol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(50ml)的混合物中,加入8.93ml的三氯氧磷(0.0958mol),不让温度超过-10℃。加毕,让温度升至10-15℃,然后将此混合物在110-115℃下加热45-60分钟,之后立即冷却至20-25℃。用80ml去离子水处理该混合物并通过加入浓氢氧化铵溶液将pH调至9。用甲苯深度萃取该产物,操作如下:分别用80、60、50和40ml的甲苯进行四次,然后收集有机相并通过用活性炭处理30分钟进行脱色。滤掉活性炭并将溶剂蒸发,剩下13.5g油状物。用80ml丙酮溶解此油状残余物,并用48%溴化氢溶液(4ml)处理所得溶液。将所得混合物真空浓缩,并用丙酮(40ml)溶解此油状残余物,并让此溶液在4-5℃下放置过夜。滤出固体,先用甲苯,然后用丙酮洗涤,并干燥。于是,得到9.4g的西酞普兰氢溴酸盐。
将此母液浓缩至干,用20ml丙酮溶解该残余物,将此溶液在4-5℃下保持4小时,然后过滤,用小量丙酮洗涤并干燥。于是,进一步得到1.44g的西酞普兰氢溴酸盐。
实施例2
由5-羧基-2-苯并[c]呋喃酮起始合成西酞普兰氢溴酸盐
(a)2-[[(1-氧代-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基)羰基]氨基]-2-甲基-1-丙醇
向搅拌的亚硫酰氯(1850ml)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(5.5ml)的混合物中,加入5-羧基-2-苯并[c]呋喃酮(525g,2.95mol)。将此搅拌的混合物加热回流6小时。减压下蒸馏掉亚硫酰氯得到酰氯残余物。在甲苯(750ml)中溶解此残余物并减压浓缩。在甲苯(2×450ml)中溶解此残余物、减压浓缩,然后在四氢呋喃(2500ml)中溶解。
向2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(800g,8.97mol)的四氢呋喃(1300ml)溶液中,在5℃下,滴加该酰氯溶液,维持温度为5-10℃。然后在约20℃将此混合物搅拌2小时。控制该混合物为碱性,然后在50℃下真空蒸发溶剂。将此残余物在去离子水(2400ml)中溶解,并搅拌1小时。过滤分离该固体产物并用去离子水洗涤。将此产物在50℃下真空干燥。收率:570g(77%),m.p.=156-158℃,纯度(HPLC,峰面积)≥90%。
(b)4,4-二甲基-2-(1-氧代-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基)噁唑啉
向搅拌的亚硫酰氯(800ml)中,在0℃下,滴加2-[[(1-氧代-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基)羰基]氨基]-2-甲基-1-丙醇(560g,2.25mol),同时维持温度低于10℃。升高温度,然后将此混合物在28-30℃下加热5小时。在60℃下减压蒸馏掉亚硫酰氯。在甲苯(2×700ml)中溶解此残余物并在60℃下减压浓缩。滤出固体,用甲苯(2×100ml)洗涤并真空干燥。将此产物悬浮于去离子水(3000ml)中。将此悬浮液冷却并通过加入28%氨水溶液(1000ml)将pH调节至碱性。滤出产品,用去离子水洗涤,并在50℃下真空干燥。收率:407g(78%),m.p.=109-111℃,纯度(HPLC,峰面积)≥95%。
(c)4,4-二甲基-2-[3-羟甲基-4-[4-氟-α-羟基-α-(二甲基氨基)丙基]苄基]苯基]噁唑啉
在氮气氛下,在-15℃下搅拌4,4-二甲基-2-(1-氧代-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基)噁唑啉(135g,0.58mol)(得自步骤(b))的四氢呋喃(900ml)溶液。然后,缓慢加入对氟苯基溴化镁在四氢呋喃(1130g)中的20%溶液,同时维持温度为-15℃至-10℃。升高温度至5-10℃并维持在5-10℃1小时。用HPLC控制以确定起始物的量变至低于1%(面积)。然后,将搅拌的溶液冷却至-5℃,并缓慢加入(3-(二甲基氨基)丙基)氯化镁在四氢呋喃(430g)中的30%溶液,同时维持温度为-5℃至-2℃。升高温度至5-10℃并在5-10℃下保持1小时。通过HPLC监控表明反应中间体的残余物少于5%(面积)后,缓慢加入氯化铵(约1000g)的15%水溶液,并将此混合物搅拌30分钟。进行相分离并用甲苯(1000+700ml)萃取较低相。然后向上层相中加入去离子水(1050ml)并加入乙酸将pH调节至5-6。在50℃下真空蒸发溶剂,并向残余的水相中加入甲苯萃取物。冷却后,用30%氨水将此混合物的pH调节至9-10。进行相分离并用甲苯(300ml)萃取此水相。合并有机相并向其中加入乙酸(660ml)和去离子水(1050ml)的混合物(最终pH约4.2)。进行相分离;回收水相,用活性炭脱色并过滤。对于过滤后的甲苯(1200ml)溶液,将该溶液冷却至10-15℃并通过加入30%的氨水将该悬浮液的pH调节至10。进行相分离并用甲苯(300ml)萃取水相。合并甲苯相并用去离子水(150ml)洗涤。室温下让该产物结晶3小时,然后在5℃下结晶15小时。滤出该产物并用无水甲苯洗涤,得到154g。
从母液中又回收到18g的产物。
总收率:154+18g(71%),纯度(HPLC,峰面积)≥95%。
(d)4,4-二甲基-2-[1-[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基]-1-(4-氟苯基)-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基]噁唑啉
向搅拌的4,4-二甲基-2-[3-羟甲基-4-[4-氟-α-羟基-α-(二甲基氨基)丙基]苄基]噁唑啉(141g,0.34mol)(得自步骤(c)最后)的二氯甲烷(2200ml)溶液中,加入三乙胺(200ml)。将此搅拌的混合物冷却至5℃,并加入甲磺酰氯(40ml,0.515mol)的二氯甲烷(400ml)溶液,同时维持温度为5-7℃。将温度升高至25℃,并将此混合物在这些条件下维持2小时。冷却此混合物并加入0.1N氢氧化钠溶液(1000ml)。进行相分离并用去离子水(3×1000ml)洗涤该有机相。在50℃下减压浓缩该有机相,得到油状残余物。收率:130g(96%),纯度(HPLC,峰面积)≥85%。
(e)西酞普兰氢溴酸盐
向搅拌的4,4-二甲基-2-[1-[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基]-1-(4-氟苯基)-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基]噁唑啉(287g,0.724mol)的吡啶(1000ml)溶液中,在5℃下,缓慢加入三氯氧磷(135ml,1.474mol),同时保持温度为5至10℃。将此混合物加热回流(115-116℃)3至4小时。将此混合物冷却至约10℃并用去离子水(3200ml)处理,通过加入28%氨水(800ml)将pH调节至约9。用甲苯(1500+1000+500+500ml)萃取产物,并用活性炭将合并的有机相脱色。在60-70℃下减压浓缩该有机相得到油状残余物,向其中加入丙酮(3000ml)。将此丙酮溶液冷却至10℃并用60ml48%氢溴酸处理至pH值为4-5。减压蒸发溶剂并在丙酮(800ml)中溶解此残余物。将该反应混合物加热至40-50℃,然后冷却至5℃。在5℃15小时后,滤出产物,用冷丙酮(500ml)洗涤并在50℃下真空干燥。得到175-180g的西酞普兰氢溴酸盐,纯度(HPLC,峰面积)≥90%。
从母液中回收又得到15g纯度(HPLC,峰面积)≥90%的产物。
收率:190-195g(65-67%),纯度(HPLC,峰面积)≥90%。
(f)西酞普兰氢溴酸盐的结晶
将粗品西酞普兰氢溴酸盐(190g)和去离子水(380ml)的混合物在50-60℃下加热直到所有固体都已溶解。用活性炭(12g)处理此溶液,过滤并用去离子水(50ml)洗涤。将过滤后的溶液冷却至20℃,并在室温下搅拌5小时,然后在5℃下搅拌15小时。滤出结晶,用冷水(200ml)洗涤并在60℃下真空干燥4小时。
实施例3
制备西酞普兰草酸盐
将搅拌的4,4-二甲基-2-[1-[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基]-1-(4-氟苯基)-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基]噁唑啉(2.3g,0.0058mol)的亚硫酰氯(20ml)溶液,加热回流3小时。减压浓缩有机相并在甲苯(20ml)中溶解该残余物,加入去离子水(20ml),通过加入氢氧化钠(2N)将此混合物的pH调节至约9。进行相分离并收集有机相,用去离子水洗涤(2×10ml)。将有机相减压浓缩得到油状残余物1.8g。从丙酮中沉淀出草酸盐。
实施例4
4,4-二甲基-2-(1-氧代-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基)噁唑啉(单釜法)
向亚硫酰氯(25ml,0.344mol)和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(0.2ml)的混合物中,加入5-羧基-2-苯并[c]呋喃酮(5g,0.028mol)。在60℃下将此搅拌的混合物加热30分钟,然后回流(约80℃)并在这些条件下保持6小时。真空蒸馏掉亚硫酰氯至内部温度为约90℃。用甲苯(25ml)溶解浓缩的混合物并真空蒸馏剩下残余物,将其再用甲苯(10ml)溶解两次,接着浓缩该溶液。用四氢呋喃(25ml)溶解残余的酰氯并在60℃下加热此混合物直到完全溶解。将此酰氯在四氢呋喃中的溶液滴加到微粒化的无水碳酸钾(5g,0.036mol)、2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(3.06ml,0.032mol)和四氢呋喃(15ml)的混合物中,冷却至约0℃,保持温度在5-10℃。在这些条件下约30分钟后,用HPLC监控以便确定完全形成酰胺。将此混合物冷却至0-3℃并向此混合物中滴加亚硫酰氯(2ml,0.027mol)。加毕,用HPLC监控以确定酰胺闭环反应完全。向此混合物中,在5-10℃下缓慢加入50ml去离子水。真空蒸馏掉有机溶剂并用25%氨水调pH至5。在50℃下将此混合物加热1小时,然后让温度降低至约20℃,在此温度下保持2小时,然后降低至10-15℃并将此混合物在这些条件下保持1小时。通过搅拌分散此混合物,然后过滤,用水洗涤并在40℃下真空干燥。得到3.87g产物。总收率:59.8%。
实施例5
4,4-二甲基-2-(1-氧代-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基)噁唑啉(单釜法)
在约20℃下,搅拌丙酮(40ml)并加入5-羧基-2-苯并[c]呋喃酮(2g,0.011mol)。将此混合物冷却至-10℃并加入氯甲酸乙酯(1.18ml,0.012mol)。加毕,加入三乙胺(1.56ml,0.011mol)的丙酮(3.50ml)溶液,保持该混合物的温度为或低于-10℃。让该混合物的温度升高至10-13℃,30分钟后,降低到-10℃,并向该混合物中快速加入2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(3.0g,0.034mol)的丙酮(5ml)溶液。让温度升高至15-20℃,其可以通过HPLC确定反应完成。向冷却至-5℃的所得混合物中,加入亚硫酰氯(2.5ml,0.034mol),让温度升高至约20℃,30分钟后,闭环反应完成。真空浓缩该反应混合物得到残余物,用水(20ml)处理此残余物。再次浓缩该混合物并向该残余物中再加入水(10ml),加入25%氨水调pH为碱性,并将该混合物冷却至5℃。滤出产物,用水洗涤并真空干燥。得到1.70g,总收率:66.8%。
Claims (17)
2.权利要求1的方法,其中包括:
其中X、R1-R4定义如上;
其中X、R1-R4定义如上,
进行连续的格利雅反应,首先与氟苯基卤化镁,其次与[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基]卤化镁就地反应;
(d)所得式Ⅸ的2-[3-羟甲基-4-[(1-(4-氟苯基)-1-羟基-[4-(二甲基氨基)丁基]苯基)恶唑啉或-噻唑啉通过脱水闭环
其中X、R1-R4定义如上。
其中X、R1-R4定义如上,
与脱水剂反应,或者如果X是S则将式Ⅳ的化合物进行热分解反应,或者用自由基引发剂处理;并以游离碱或其酸加成盐的形式分离所得西酞普兰,及
(f)选择性地将所得化合物转变为其药用盐。
3.权利要求1或2的制备西酞普兰的方法,其中用选自三氯氧磷、亚硫酰氯、五氯化磷、PPA(多磷酸)和P4O10或Vilsmeier试剂的脱水剂处理式Ⅳ的化合物。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中Vilsmeier试剂是通过氯化试剂与叔酰胺反应形成的。
5.权利要求4的方法,其中氯化试剂是酰氯,所述酰氯选自光气、草酰氯、亚硫酰氯、三氯氧磷、五氯化磷和氯甲酸三氯甲酯而叔酰胺选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或N,N-二烷基烷酰胺,如N,N-二甲基乙酰胺。
6.权利要求3至5任一项的方法,其中Vilsmeier试剂通过向含式Ⅳ的起始恶唑啉或噻唑啉衍生物和叔酰胺的混合物中加入氯化试剂就地制备。
7.权利要求1或2所述的制备西酞普兰的方法,其中当X是S时式Ⅳ化合物的噻唑啉环的热裂解是在氧气或氧化剂的存在下进行的。
8.权利要求1或2所述的制备西酞普兰的方法,其中X是S而R4是羧基或羧基前体的式Ⅳ化合物的噻唑啉环是用自由基引发剂如光或过氧化物处理的。
9.权利要求2的方法,其中在步骤(b)中,式Ⅶ的酰胺通过脱水,优选通过在低温下,即至少低于10℃,优选低于0℃,首选在-10℃下用亚硫酰氯处理进行闭环反应,此后该温度升高至20℃并在20-40℃,优选在25-35℃,首选28至30℃下完成此反应。
10.权利要求1-6任一项的方法,其中式Ⅳ化合物是S-对映体的形式。
11.权利要求2的方法,其中所用式Ⅸ化合物是S-对映体的形式。
15.按照权利要求1的方法制备的西酞普兰。
16.按照权利要求10或11的方法制备的S-西酞普兰。
17.权利要求2的方法,其中步骤a)和b)是以单釜法进行的。
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IT1999MI001152 IT1312319B1 (it) | 1999-05-25 | 1999-05-25 | Procedimento per la preparazione del citalopram. |
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CN101157674B (zh) * | 2005-07-12 | 2010-04-14 | 西陇化工股份有限公司 | 西酞普兰盐的提纯方法 |
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