CN1195749C - 制备5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮的方法 - Google Patents

制备5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮的方法 Download PDF

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CN1195749C
CN1195749C CNB008183759A CN00818375A CN1195749C CN 1195749 C CN1195749 C CN 1195749C CN B008183759 A CNB008183759 A CN B008183759A CN 00818375 A CN00818375 A CN 00818375A CN 1195749 C CN1195749 C CN 1195749C
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H·彼得森
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Abstract

一种制备5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮的方法,其包括用脱水剂对式(IV)化合物的处理,其中X是O或S;R1-R2各自独立地选自氢和C1-6烷基,或R1和R2一起形成C2-5亚烷基链并因而形成螺环;R3选自氢和C1-6烷基,R4选自氢、C1-6烷基,羧基或其前体,或者R3和R4一起形成C2-5亚烷基链并因而形成螺环;或者当X是S时,热裂解噻唑啉环或用自由基引发剂如过氧化物处理或用光处理,以形成5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮,5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮是用来制造抗抑郁药西酞普兰的重要中间体。

Description

制备5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮的方法
本发明涉及制备5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮的新方法,5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮是用来制造众所周知的抗抑郁药西酞普兰:1-[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基]-1-(4-氟苯基)-1,3-二氢-5-异苯并呋喃腈的中间体。
发明背景
西酞普兰是众所周知的抗抑郁药,目前已在市场上出售了多年,其具有以下结构:
式I
它是有选择性的中心活化血清素(5-羟色胺;5-HT)再摄取抑制剂,因此它具有抗抑郁药活性。这种化合物的抗抑郁药活性已经在若干出版物中报导,例如J.Hyttel的Prog.Neuro Psychopharmacol.& Biol.Psychiat.,1982年,6,277-295页以及A.Gravem的ActaPsychiatr.Scand.,1987年,75,478-486页。
通过美国专利4,650,884中描述的方法制备西酞普兰,根据该方法,5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮要进行两个连续的格里尼亚反应,即分别与4-氟苯基卤化镁以及N,N-二甲氨基丙基卤化镁反应,得到具有下式的化合物:
Figure C0081837500061
式II
再通过用浓硫酸脱水使该化合物进行闭环反应。
可以通过美国专利4,943,590中描述的方法制备西酞普兰的对映体,即将式II的中间体的对映体分离并进行对映体选择性闭环以得到所希望的对映体。
因此,5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮是一种制造西酞普兰的重要中间体,重要的是要以适当的方法以及有成本效益的路线生产出质量足够好的这种材料。
用于制备5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮的方法以前就已描述在Bull.Soc.Sci.Bretagne,1951年,26,35页以及Levy和Stephen的J.Chem.Soc.,1931年,867页中。用这个方法将5-氨基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮重氮酸盐化,继之与CuCN反应,将其变为对应的5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮。通过两个还原步骤从4-氨基邻苯二甲酰亚胺获得5-氨基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮。
从酰基氯合成某些烷基腈和苯基腈的方法描述在TetrahedronLetters,1982年,23,14,1505-1508页,以及Tetrahedron,1998年,54,9281页中。
已经发现可以通过-个方便的有成本效益的方法从式IV的2-(1-氧代-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基)噁唑啉中间体或噻唑啉中间体高产率地制备5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮。
发明描述
因此,本发明提供了一种制备5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮的新方法,该方法包括用脱水剂对式IV化合物的处理,
式IV
其中X是O或S;
R1-R2各自独立地选自氢和C1-6烷基,或R1和R2一起形成C2-5亚烷基链并因而形成螺环;R3选自氢和C1-6烷基,R4选自氢、C1-6烷基,羧基或其前体,或者R3和R4一起形成C2-5亚烷基链并因而形成螺环;或者当X是S时,热裂解噻唑啉环或用自由基引发剂如过氧化物处理或用光处理,形成具有下式的5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮:
式III
所述脱水剂可以是三氯氧磷、亚硫酰氯、五氯化磷、PPA(聚磷酸)和P4O10。可以在存在有机碱如吡啶或存在催化量的叔酰胺的条件下进行所述反应。
优选,用SOCl2作为脱水剂处理式IV化合物,并且反应在含有催化量N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的甲苯中进行。
另外,脱水剂可以是Vilsmeier试剂,即氯化试剂与叔酰胺反应形成的化合物,其中的氯化试剂优选酰基氯,例如碳酰氯、草酰氯、亚硫酰氯、氯氧磷、五氯化磷、三氯甲基氯甲酸酯(也简称为“双光气”)或二(三氯甲基)碳酸酯(也简称为“三光气”),其中叔酰胺的例子是N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或N,N-二烷基烷酰胺,例如N,N-二甲基乙酰胺。典型的Vilsmeyer试剂是氯化氯亚甲基二甲基亚铵。优选通过将所述氯化剂加入含有式IV的起始噁唑啉或噻唑啉衍生物和所述叔酰胺的混合物而就地制备Vilsmeier试剂。
当X是S并且通过热转化将噻唑啉基团转化为氰基时,优选在无水有机溶剂中进行化合物IV的热分解,更优选在质子惰性的极性溶剂,如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲亚砜或乙腈中进行。将2-噻唑基热分解转化为氰基的温度为60-140℃。通过在适合的溶剂、优选乙腈中回流可以方便地进行所述热分解。存在氧或氧化剂时可以方便地进行所述热裂解。X是S并且R4是羧基或羧基前体的式IV化合物也可以通过用自由基引发剂如光或过氧化物处理而转变为西酞普兰。
在说明书和权利要求各处,C1-6烷基是指具有1-6个碳原子的有支链或无支链的烷基,包括如甲基、乙基、1-丙基、2-丙基、1-丁基、2-丁基、2-甲基-2-丙基、2,2-二甲基-1-乙基和2-甲基-1-丙基。
因此,利用本发明的方法可以高产率地得到5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮,并且该方法比公知方法方便得多。它是一种所谓的实用方法。因为不再使用CuCN所以最大程度地减少了所不希望的副产品的数量,并且得到一种环境上相容的方法。
在另一方面,本发明涉及制备式IV中间体的方法,其包括:
a)将式V的5-羧基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮的官能团衍生物与式VI的2-羟基-或2-巯基乙胺反应,
Figure C0081837500081
式V
式VI
其中X、R1-R4定义同上。
(b)使这样得到的式VII的酰胺通过脱水而闭环;
Figure C0081837500091
式VII
其中X、R1-R4定义同上,从而得到式IV的2-(1-氧代-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基)噁唑啉或-噻唑啉。
Figure C0081837500092
式IV
优选,用于步骤a)的官能团衍生物是一种酯,如5-羧基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮的烷基酯、芳基酯或烷基芳基酯衍生物,或者5-羧基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮的酰基卤衍生物。
优选,用于步骤b)的脱水剂是SOCl2、POCl3和PCl5,最优选SOCl2
步骤b)中的反应可以不用溶剂进行或在适合的溶剂(如甲苯、环丁砜或乙腈)中进行。而且,当使用溶剂时可能需要催化量的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,特别是当脱水剂是SOCl2时。如果必要,在存在催化量的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺时,优选将甲苯用作溶剂。
步骤b)中的反应在高温下进行,优选在溶剂的回流温度下进行。
反应时间不重要,并且本领域的技术人员可以容易地确定反应时间。
用作原材料的5-羧基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮可以通过美国专利3,607,884或德国专利2630927中描述的方法得到,即通过对苯二甲酸的浓溶液与甲醛在液体SO3中反应得到,或通过偏苯三酸的电化学氢化而得到。
在本发明方法的一个优选实施方案中,R3是甲基或乙基。
可以用常规方法,例如通过添加水、过滤以及随后洗涤晶体来分离5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮。如果希望,可以通过重结晶进行更进一步的提纯。
因此,根据本发明的方法,通过将式IV的2-(1-氧代-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基)噁唑啉或-噻唑啉中间体作为反应物的新应用而得到5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮。使用这些反应物,工艺条件比以前描述在制备5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮的公知方法中的条件方便得多,特别是在使用SOCl2作为脱水剂的情况下。
实施例
用以下实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例1
制备2-[[(1-氧代-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基)羰基]氨基]-2-甲基-1-丙醇
将5-羧基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮(267g,1.5mol)加入亚硫酰氯(950mL),然后逐滴加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(12mL)。将混合物在回流下加热1小时,然后在减压下蒸馏出亚硫酰氯,继之用甲苯(2×50mL)连续蒸发,得到固体残渣。然后用1000mL四氢呋喃吸收粗的酰基氯。将2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(400.5g,4.5mol)在四氢呋喃中的溶液(500mL)冷却到+5℃,向其中逐滴地加入酰基氯溶液,同时保持温度在+5→+10℃之间。完成加入后不再冷却,然后在室温下整夜搅拌该混合物。然后将该混合物倒入去离子水(2000mL),然后在减压下于50℃下除去有机溶剂。冷却搅拌2小时后,滤出固态产物然后用去离子水(2×100mL)洗。在减压下将得到的产物在70℃下干燥36小时。产量:285.3g(76%)的灰白色产物,纯度(HPLC,峰面积)=90%。
          1H NMR(DMSO d-6,500MHz):1.18(3H,s),1.32(3H,s),3.55(2H,s),5.45(2H,s),7.88-7.98(3H,m),8.07(1H,s).
实施例2
制备4,4-二甲基-2-(1-氧代-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基)噁唑啉。
将亚硫酰氯(130ml)在-10℃下冷却,向其中逐份加入2-[[(1-氧代-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基)羰基]氨基]-2-甲基-1-丙醇(85g,0.34mol),同时搅拌。将温度维持在-10→-5℃1.5小时,随后不再冷却,然后在室温下整夜搅拌反应物。然后将其冷却到0℃,并且在将温度保持在+8℃以下逐滴加入四氢呋喃(860mL)。将得到的悬浮液在5℃下搅拌2小时,然后过滤并用四氢呋喃(150mL)洗涤晶体。将湿的固体溶于去离子水(400mL)并且通过加入25%的氨水将pH值调节到9.1。过滤固体,用去离子水洗涤并在减压下于50℃下干燥14小时。产量:62.8g(80%)的白色产物,纯度(HPLC,峰面积)=94%。
             1H NMR(DMSO d-6,500MHz):1.31(6H,s),4.18(2H,s),5.44(2H,s),7.9(1H,d,J=11.3Hz),8.01(1H,d,J=11.3Hz),8.12(1H,s).
实施例3
制备5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮。
向4,4-二甲基-2-(1-氧代-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基)噁唑啉(23.1g,0.1mol)在亚硫酰氯(36mL)中的悬浮液中慢慢地加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(5ml)。将该溶液加热回流1小时,然后在3小时中冷却到室温。然后加入甲苯(150mL),将该悬浮液过滤并用甲苯(2×50mL)洗。将湿的晶体放入去离子水(150mL)并用25%的氨水将pH值调节到8.0。
滤出固体,用去离子水(2×50mL)洗涤并在减压下于60℃下干燥。产量:11.9g(75%)的灰白色产物,其纯度(HPLC,峰面积)=92%。通过从乙酸或甲苯中结晶而得到分析纯的样品。
1H NMR(DMSO d-6,500MHz):5.48(2H,s),8.04(2H,s+s),8.22(1H,s)

Claims (12)

1.一种制备5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮的方法,其包括用脱水剂对式IV化合物的处理,
Figure C008183750002C1
式IV
其中X是O或S;
R1-R2各自独立地选自氢和C1-6烷基,或R1和R2一起形成C2-5亚烷基链并因而形成螺环;R3选自氢和C1-6烷基,R4选自氢、C1-6烷基,羧基,或者R2和R4一起形成C2-5亚烷基链并因而形成螺环,形成具有下式的5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮:
Figure C008183750002C2
式III
2.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于通过下述方法制备式IV化合物:
a)将式V的5-羧基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮的官能团衍生物与式VI的2-羟基-或2-巯基乙胺反应,
式V
式VI
其中X、R1-R4定义同上;
(b)使这样得到的式VII的酰胺通过脱水而闭环:
Figure C008183750003C1
式VII
其中X、R1-R4定义同上,
从而得到式IV的2-(1-氧代-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-基)噁唑啉或-噻唑啉
Figure C008183750003C2
式IV
其中X、R1-R4定义同上。
3.权利要求1-2任一项的制备5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮的方法,其中处理式IV化合物所用的脱水剂选自三氯氧磷、亚硫酰氯、五氯化磷、聚磷酸和P4O10或Vilsmeier试剂,其最终与一种有机碱或催化量的叔酰胺结合。
4.权利要求3的制备5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮的方法,其中有机碱为吡啶。
5.权利要求3的方法,其中用SOCl2作为脱水剂处理式IV化合物,并且反应在含有催化量N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的甲苯中进行。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中R3是甲基或乙基。
7.权利要求2的方法,其中用于步骤b)的脱水剂是SOCl2、POCl3或PCl5
8.权利要求7的方法,其中用于步骤b)的脱水剂是SOCl2
9.权利要求2的方法,其中步骤b)中的反应不用溶剂进行或在适合的溶剂中进行。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中步骤b)中的反应在甲苯、环丁砜或乙腈中进行。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中步骤b)中的反应在甲苯中进行。
12.权利要求7的方法,其中用于步骤b)的脱水剂是SOCl2,并且反应在含有催化量N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的甲苯中进行。
CNB008183759A 2000-01-14 2000-01-14 制备5-氰基2-苯并[c]呋喃酮的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1195749C (zh)

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