CN1259852A - 心脏组织摘除装置及其使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
组织摘除装置沿动物的体腔壁形成长线状的机能障碍,主要在左心房壁的相邻肺静脉口之间形成机能障碍。摘除元件包括第一和第二端部,这些端部分别邻接第一和第二固定器。该固定器适合于将摘除元件端部固定在体腔壁上的预定第一和第二位置,使得摘除元件适合于摘除这些位置之间细长组织区域。固定器可以是导丝轨道部件,各个部件包括一个适合于接收导丝和沿该导丝移动的孔,在配合的导丝配置在相应静脉中时,该导丝轨道部件固定在相邻肺静脉口内。止动件可以装在导丝上,适用于定位相对的固定器,或迫使固定器整齐地嵌入静脉口内。穿过导管的导管通道可以插入刚韧的通管丝,该通管丝可以移到摘除元件的区域,以便将一种形状强加于摘除元件,从而使元件贴合预定的结构区域,或使位于下面的导管变硬,以便使组件进入远距离的组织结构。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及外科手术用装置。该装置具体是一种具有摘除元件的医疗导管组件,该摘除元件适合于使其两端固定在体腔壁的预定位置,使得摘除元件可以牢固地接触该预定位置之间的一段组织,以便在其间形成一段长的线状机能障碍。
背景
前房纤维性颤动
在现代社会中心律失常特别是前房的纤维性颤动仍是一种持续不断的医疗疾病。仅在美国,约1%的成人总人数受这种纤颤病的折磨、现在约250万以上的人患有这种病,而且随着年岁的增加这种病将更为流行。由于不完全的心脏收缩以及很快的心搏率将导致总的血流量下降,这造成呼吸短促、头昏、身体承受力下降和胸膛疼痛。持续的前房纤颤使得病人易于患郁血性的心脏衰竭、中风、其它血栓栓塞的病变和心胆的局部缺血。对于引发前房纤颤的心脏疾病,由紧张、急燥、高血压、心瓣膜混乱和心肌机能障碍加重的原因已出现相当多的文献资料。下面初步概述与前房心律失常相关的临床现象。
哺乳类动物的心脏由三种不同类型的心脏组织即前房、心室和刺激性传导型组织构成。心脏的前房肌和心室肌通常以同步的循环方式受到电激发。心搏动周期从位于右心房侧壁的窦房结节产生动作电位开始。这些动作电位经前房心腔传播,可能沿通向前房室节结的优先传导路径传播,发源于窦房结节的电位经希斯(His-Purkinje)束传送到心室组织,致使心室随前房的收缩而同步地收缩。
心脏组织的病理状态可能导致不同步的心脏节律,导致心搏动速度的全面上升。包括阵发性或长期性心动过速。心动过速可能起源于窦房结节、希斯束,或更一般地起源于心房组织或心室组织。上述心动过速可能表现为多子波重入机构,造成在心房腔附近散射的不同步电脉冲涡流。纤维性颤动在性质上更可能是病灶性的,由心房内的分立中心的快速重复性激动造成,而且快速到其余的心房不能以同步方式跟随。
现在可以用心电图检测很多种类的心动过速。通常采用另一种更灵敏的方法来检测局部电活动畸变,以此确认心律失常例如前房纤颤的存在,这种方法是绘制心腔的图的方法,如美国专利No.4,641,649、4,699,147和WO 96/32897所述。
多数心脏的心律不齐曾经认为除用药物或手术治疗外,是不能治疗的,但这两种治疗方法均产生一些不希望的负作用。近来出现的侵入不太多的导管摘除方法已扩展到心脏电生理学方法,提供了对上述内科疾病的有限的经皮的解决方法。下面简要说明前房纤颤的上述常规治疗以及其心脏摘除方法。
常规治疗方法
发作性的心动过速易于用抗心律不齐药物治疗,如美国专利No.4,673,563所述以及美国专利No.4,569,801的进一步说明。另外,在Hindricks等的题为“心律不齐的现代治疗法”(1991年)一书中已说明治疗前房心律不齐的药物治疗方法。然而服用这种药物有时不能恢复到正常的心脏血液动态,最后可能由于出现原心律失常而加重心律失常疾病。
对于多子波的心动过速,特殊的临床情况可能需要侵入性的外科手术,包括放置可植入的前房去纤颤器,以保持窦房结的节律,如美国专利No.4,316,472、5,209,229、5,411,524所述,或者用机械方法破坏前房电流导电路径,如Cox JL等的题为《前房纤颤的外科手术治疗I.概述》的论文(Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery,1991,101(3),pp.402~405或Cox IL的题为《前房纤颤的外科手术治疗IV.外科手术方法》的论文(Thoracis and Cardiovascular Surgery,1991,101(4),pp,584~592)所述。
由Cox提出的如上所述的方法是一种对策,这种对策是在前房腔内形成一定结构的手术切口,造成一种迷宫,利用该迷宫可以在缝合线上消除电波的传送。这样,重入子波便不能持续,心律失常便不能持续存在,而且可以恢复正常的窦结节律。心房心律失常的治疗效果起初集中在右心房,结果是各式各样的,然而右、左心房相结合治疗的方法则获得极大的成功率。在右心房中,普通的治疗方案包括垂直切口,该切口从两个上腔肺静脉开始,结束于二尖瓣环的正后部,在途中横过下腔肺静脉。附加的水平线还连接两个垂直切口的两个上端部。因此使肺静脉口区域与其它前房组织分开。在前房组织中切断导电路径便可以消除纤颤。
经导管的心摘除
近来在临床设置上已采用入侵不太多的方法来治疗心律不齐。这些基于导管的经血管的方法包括用于治疗心室的或心室上的心动过速的操作法和有关的装置,如Lesh MD的论文“国际电生理学,目前技术水平,1993”(Amer.Heart J.1993,126,pp.686~698)所述。
摘除操作的最初方法采用了对高能直流灵感的导管,以便或者破坏房室节结的作用,或者通过破坏希斯束形成心脏的电导阻断。然而最近已注意到,射频(RF)通常是更合要求的能源,如WO 93/20770所述。另外已公开一些替代摘除方法。例如,在WO 93/20767中已说明对微波频率易起反应的摘除导管。其它基于导管的已公开的使异常细胞受抑制的方法分别包括冻结法、超声法和激光能量法,如分别由美国专利No.5,147,355、5,156,157和5,104,393所述。
摘除方法一般涉及递增地施加电能于心内膜上,以形成灶性的障碍;破坏不适当的导电路径。采用经皮摘除技术来治疗心脏纤颤或心律不齐的方法和装置除Imran的美国专利No.5,228,442和No.5,324,284外已公开于美国专利No.5,231,995、5,487,385、WO 94/21165和WO 96/10961。这些参考文献的内容已整个地作为参考包括在本文中。
对于某些类型的心律不齐,灶性摘除的机能障碍(即直径5~8mm)足以切断不适当的导电路径例如与午非-帕金森-怀特综合症有关的导电路径。然而这种灶性障碍不适合大多数情况的涉及多种重入环的心房纤颤。这些激发波可以简单绕过灶性摘除障碍。因此,像在外科手术的“迷宫”方法中那样,要求形成长线状机能障碍来分割心房,以阻断与大多数心房纤颤形式相关的波前。
已有基于某些特殊导管的技术,这些技术采用曲线导管来全部地或部分地模仿迷宫方法的切口图形。在Avitall等的论文“经导管的组织摘除的物理学和工艺”(J.of Amer.College of Cardiology,1993,22(3):921~932)中公开了摘除方法中这种导管的应用。另外,在Haissaguerre等的论文“右、左心房射频导管治疗阵发性心房纤颤”(J.ofCardiovascular Electrophysiology,1996,7(12):1132~1144)中说明了应用经导管的摘除方法在临床上治疗心房纤颤,具体采用经皮插入的摘除导管(或者采用Cordis Webster,Miami FL的具有热电偶的7F可转向的4mm尖头,或者采用马萨诸塞州Tewksbury市的BardElectrophysiology公司的编织的Dacron 14×14mm的多电极)。这些论文已作为参考包含在本文中。
上述参考文献公开了一些方法,该方法将一个点的能量顺序加在远距离操作的导管上,从而在表面上形成预定图案的摘除迷宫。然而这种工艺不能形成连续的经壁的机能障碍,因此留下再入回路重现的可能。另外,在这些实施例中可以利用尽可能小的装置将导管转向感兴趣的结构位置例如肺静脉。
导管定位技术
为进行内科治疗,已公开许多不同类型的可以被引导、接近和定位在体内预定位置的导管。
已经设计在其远端部具有许多弯曲部分的许多易操作的导管系统,该导管系统可以插入到血液的脉管系统中或其它腔中,经过很多通道,最后到达心腔中不用入侵的外科手术不能进入的区域。例如已经设计具有复杂弯曲部分和预成形结构环的导管,用于配置在心腔中,如美国专利No.4,117,836(左冠状动脉)、No.5,195,990(主动脉)所述,美国专利No.4,882,777中的导管放置在右心室中,而美国专利No.4,033,031公开进入心包空间的导管设计。用在心摘除方法中的血管内的易操作导管的另外例子还公开在美国专利No.4,898,591和No.5,231,994中。这些参考文献的内容已整个地作为参考包含在本文内。
一类导管例示出用作导轨的可操作的导丝。在这些导管中,有一些是“在导丝上”型式的导管,该导管具有大体沿其整个长度延伸的腔,并适合于沿导向丝进行滑动。还公开了其它“导向丝轨道”型式的导管,一般称作“快速互换”导管或“单轨道”导管,该导管仅使导管长度的远端区域适合沿导丝的轨道滑动。这种导管的有利之处在于能够单独地在体外控制导丝以及导管二者的近端区域,因为只有导管的远端区域共轴地套在导丝上。Yock的美国专利No.5,300,085和5,501,227公开了这种类型导管的例子。
另外,在Swartz等的美国专利No.5,427,119、5,497,119、5,564,440、5,575,766公开了用于右房腔和/或左房腔进行摘除操作的特殊导向鞘的设计。具体是,在上述技术中说明一种方法,该方法要求沿搏动房运动壁上的优先路径实时重新定位点能源。在进行如此操作时只需用X射线萤光屏观看导管位置便可以进行装置的远距离经皮操作。另外,在Avitall的美国专利No.5,487,385中应用具有若干可展开构形的单轨道导管,以便沿右心房的预定线状路径形成递增的机能障碍,该障碍通过在沿体腔的预定位置承受细长摘除元件的作用而实现。
若干导管装置还包括许多远端定位装置以稳定导管,从而将摘除电极放置在心腔内。这种技术包括止动件和/或气囊,如分别由美国专利No.5,487,385和5,496,346公开的,该止动件或气囊沿着装入导管内的导向丝。另外,在Kirkman的美国专利No.5,509,500中公开了一种适合于在机械上固定于脉管腔内固定位置的导管。而且在Alt的美国专利No.5,571,159和Bonzel的美国专利No.4,762,129中公开了在摘除操作期间用远端配置的可膨胀气囊装置将导管定位在心脏内的方法。
所引用参考文献中没有一篇文献公开这样一种组织摘除装置,该装置具有摘除元件,该元件的两端分别有固定器,用于将端部分别固定在沿体腔的第一和第二预定位置,以便将一段摘除元件固定于这些位置的组织上,从而形成长线状的机能障碍。
在所引用的文献中没有一篇文献公开这样一套复合摘除导管,其中各个导管具有独特的摘除长度,根据病人身上两个结构位置之间的测量距离可选择该长度,用于在这两个结构固定点之间例如两个肺静脉口之间形成长的线状机能障碍。
在所有引用文献中没有一篇文献公开这样一种导管,该导管具有可选择定位位于远端部近侧的导管中间区域的装置。这些文献也没有公开一种具有导向丝轨道区域的导管,该导管具有位于该中间导管区域近端和远端的导丝出入口。
另外,在引用文献中没有一篇文献公开一种导管装置,该装置可沿导管长度的不同位置提供多导轨的沿导丝滑动的能力。
再则,在所引用文献中没有一篇文献公开这样一种组织摘除装置组件,该组件具有细长的摘除元件,该元件沿其长度具有至少一个抽吸口,该抽吸口连接于抽吸源,以便将摘除元件固定于体腔壁的组织上。
发明概述
本发明是医疗装置组件,用在体腔壁上形成长线状的机能障碍,该体腔壁至少部分地形成动物的体腔。
本发明的一个方面是摘除导管组件,该组件包括细长部件,该细长部件具有近端和远端部分以及在远端部分的摘除元件,该摘除元件在连接于摘除驱动器时适合于摘除组织。摘除元件具有第一和第二端部。第一固定器靠近第一端部配置,适合于将该第一端部固定在沿体腔壁的预定第一位置。第二固定器靠近第二端部配置,适合于将第二端部固定在沿体腔壁的预定第二位置。
由于在这种变型例中采用固定器将摘除元件的第一和第二端部固定在预定位置,所以摘除元件基本上接触邻接摘除元件的位于第一和第二位置之间的一段组织,而基本上不再重新定位细长部件的远端部分。
在这种组件的一个变型例中,第一和第二固定器中的至少一个固定器是导丝轨道部件,该部件具有一个孔,该孔在导向丝配置在肺静脉内时适合于使摘除元件的相邻端部在导丝上向前滑动,沿左心房壁进入该肺静脉的口。除这个变型例外,当两个固定器是导丝轨道部件时,摘除元件的各个端部固定在相邻肺静脉口中的丝上,该摘除元件适合于可靠地接触和摘除在这些相邻静脉口之间延伸的心房壁组织区域。
在另一个这种组件的变型例中,径向加大的止动部件装在导丝中的至少一个导丝上。当止动部件相对于导丝轨道部件定位在导丝的远端时,该止动件便构成导丝轨道部件前移停靠的预选定位置。当止动部件相对导丝轨道部件定位在丝的近侧时,可用导丝将止动件推压在导丝轨道部件的近侧口,从而迫使导丝轨道部整齐地进入肺静脉。
本发明的另一方面是一套摘除导管,用于在体腔壁的组织上形成长的线状机能障碍,该体腔壁至少部分地形成动物的体腔。组合成套的这套摘除导管包括许多摘除导管,各个导管具有近端部分、远端部分和在远端部分区域上的摘除元件。各个摘除导管的摘除元件具有分别邻接一个固定器的第一和第二端部,该固定器适合于将邻接端部固定于沿体腔壁的预定位置。另外,各个摘除导管的摘除元件的长度不同于其它摘除导管的摘除元件长度。根据病人左心房壁上相邻肺静脉口之间的测得距离可以从这套导管中选择摘除元件具有特定长度的摘除导管。
本发明的另一方面是一种医疗装置组件,该组件适合于将其多个部分定位于动物体腔内的多个预定位置。该组件包括细长部件,该细长部件包括近端部分、远端部分和位于该近、远端部分之间的中间导丝轨道部件。中间导丝轨道部件形成一个孔,该孔具有第一和第二中间孔端部。该孔适合于经第一中间孔端部从细长部件外部的位置可滑动地接收导线,从而引导该导丝,使其从第一中间孔端部也伸到细长部件的外部。
在此组件的一个变型例中,摘除元件装在远端部分,其近端部分靠近中间导丝轨道部分。在此组件的另一个变型例中,提供一种导丝,该导丝具有径向加大的止动部件,该止动部件适合于配合中间导丝轨道部件的孔并限制导丝相对于该孔的运动。
本发明的另一方面是一种方法,用于将医疗装置组件的细长部件的中间导丝轨道部件定位在体腔内的预定位置。中间导丝轨道部件形成一个孔,该孔适合于接收导丝并位于细长部件的近端部分和远端部分之间。该方法包括以下步骤:(1)从细长部件外部位置将导丝插入位于中间部分区域的孔中;(2)使导丝前移通过孔;(3)使导丝从孔中伸到位于中间部分区域的细长部件的外边。
本发明的另一方面是一种方法,该方法用于沿体腔壁在第一和第二预定位置之间的组织上形成长的线状机能障碍。该方法包括以下步骤:(1)测量第一和第二预定位置之间的距离;(2)根据该测量的距离选择医疗装置组件,使该组件的具有第一和第二长度的摘除元件具有预定长度;(3)将摘除元件的第一和第二端部固定在该第一和第二预定位置;(4)摘除第一和第二预定位置之间组织,以便在其间形成长的线状机能障碍。
本发明的另一方面是一种方法,用于在组织壁上形成长的线状机能障碍,该组织壁至少形成体腔的一部分。本方法采用一种医疗装置,该装置具有细长部件,该细长部分的远端部分包括摘除元件,当该摘除元件连接于摘除驱动件时该摘除元件适合于摘除靠近该远端部分的组织。该方法包括以下步骤:(1)将摘除元件的第一端部固定在沿组织壁的第一位置;(2)将摘除元件的第二端部固定于沿组织壁的第二位置;(3)用摘除驱动器驱动摘除元件,以摘除邻接该摘除元件的组织。
附图的简要说明
图1是本发明一个形成心房机能障碍的导管组件的透视图;
图2A~B分别是局部分解顶视和侧视透视图,示出图1所示导管组件的中间导丝轨道部件;
图2C~D是分别沿图2A的2C-2C线和图2B的2D-2D线截取的中间导丝轨道部件的一个变型例的侧视截面图和横截面图;
图2E是图2B所示的沿线2E-2E截取的中间导丝轨道部件另一个变型例的横截面图;
图3是图1的形成心房机能障碍导管组件使用时的透视图,摘除元件的两个相对端部在相邻左、右上腔肺静脉口之间形成长的线状机能障碍之前沿左心房壁固定于该相邻左、右上腔肺静脉口。
图4是图3的形成心房机能障碍的装置组件的类似透视图,只是示出中间导丝轨道部件的另一变型例,该变型例将摘除元件的近端部固定于紧靠右上腔肺静脉口的位置;
图5是图3所示的形成心房机能障碍的装置组件的类似透视图,只是示出远端导丝轨道部件的另一变型例,该变型例将摘除元件的远端固定于靠近左上腔肺静脉口的位置;
图6是图3所示的形成房机能障碍的装置组件的类似透视图,只是示出将摘除元件远端部固定于靠近左上腔肺静脉口位置的再一个固定变型例;
图7是图5所示的形成心房机能障碍的装置组件的类似透视图,只是示出中间导丝轨道部件的再一变型例,该变型例将摘除元件的近端部固定在右上腔肺静脉口上;
图8是图7所示的形成心房机能障碍的装置组件的类似透视图,只是示出中间导丝轨道部件的又一变型例,该变型例将摘除元件的近端部固定在右上腔肺静脉口上;
图9A是图7所示形成心房机能障碍的装置组件的类似透视图,只是示出远端导丝轨道部件的又一变型例,该变型例将摘除元件的远端部固定在左上腔肺静脉口上;
图9B~C是与图9A相似的形成心房机能障碍的装置组件的透视图,只是示出位于摘除元件远端的又一固定变型例,分别示出两种操作模式;
图10A是图7所示形成心房机能障碍装置组件的又一变型例的部分分解视图,示出沿摘除元件长度配置的一系列流体口;
图10B~E是沿10A的10B-10B、10C-10C、10D-10D和10E-10E线截取的摘除元件的顺序截面图;
图10F是图10A所示摘除装置组件的摘除元件区域的又一变型例的局部分解图;
图11示出用于本发明摘除装置组件的一个摘除元件变型例的侧视截面图,示出配置在电极下面的许多热敏电阻中的各个电阻,该热敏电阻用于监测摘除期间邻近电极的温度;
图12是用于本发明摘除装置组件的另一个摘除元件变型例的侧视截面图,示出配置在电极下面的许多热电偶中的各个热电偶,该热电偶用于监测摘除期间靠近电极的温度;
图13是用在图12所示摘除元件中一个热电偶和电极的分解透视图;
图14是用在本发明摘除装置组件中的与图12所示摘除元件相似的摘除元件的侧视截面图,只是示出许多热电偶配置在摘除电极之间;
图15A~B示出用在本发明摘除装置组件的摘除驱动器中的可替换反馈控制变型例;
图16是透视图,示出图5所示摘除装置组件在使用期间继续在左上腔和下腔肺静脉口之间形成长的线状机能障碍;
图17是与图16相同的摘除装置组件的透视图,该组件配置在右上腔和右下腔肺静脉口中,图中示出的是在按照图5所示摘除元件固定方式在左、右上腔肺静脉口之间起始形成长的线状机能障碍之后的状态。
图18是本发明另一个形成心房机能障碍的装置组件的透视图,示出靠近左下腔肺静脉口配置的第一摘除装置的摘除元件,还示出用阴影图表示的第二电极装置的摘除元件,此摘除元件定位在冠状窦内,靠近第一摘除元件和二尖瓣环;
图19是图18所示形成心房机能障碍的装置组件的类似透视图,只是示出定位在右下腔肺静脉口中的第一摘除装置的摘除元件,并且还示出第二摘除装置的摘除元件,此摘除元件沿靠近第一摘除元件和二尖瓣环的冠状窦重新配置;
图20示出摘除装置组件的另一实施例,该组件用于在一次定位情况下形成多路长线状机能障碍,其中示出通管丝,该通管丝除配合左二尖瓣环而外还桥接左上腔和下腔肺静脉口,以便形成连续的长线状的机能障碍;
图21是透视图,示出根据图16~19进行摘除,形成多路长线状机能障碍之后,或部分地根据用图20所示的变型例形成多路的长的线状机能障碍之后心房壁的内表面。
对本发明的详细说明
下面参考附图所示的特别合乎要求的实施例说明本发明。然而本发明主要提供细长摘除元件,在该元件的多个区域上例如在其各端部上具有固定器,这些固定器使得这些端部可以固定于体腔壁的例如心房壁的预定位置。在这些新颖配置中,摘除元件适合于沿该预定位置之间的体腔壁牢固接触一段连续的组织,由此在该组织上形成长线状的机能障碍。
本文中的术语“固定器”意味着一种元件,该元件至少部分地配置在装置的固定区域上并适合于将该区域固定于体腔壁的预定位置。这样,“固定器”起固定装置的作用,用于进行定位,而且只不过以正常的力作用在装置和组织之间相对接触所形成的个别组织表面上。在所述意义范围内的合适的“固定器”例子包括(但不限于)可以采用例如夹持法、吸引法或穿透该组织的方法直接在预定位置配合壁组织的一种元件以及导丝配合部件或导丝轨道部件,该部件形成孔或腔,该腔适合于跟踪导丝进入从体腔壁延伸的内腔口内,由此在该口的预定位置穿过体腔壁的平面。
另外,可膨胀元件例如气囊或支架,就其径向配合至少两个相对体腔壁部分(如血管的相对两侧)而可使可膨胀部分固定就位而言,可以看作为固定器,下面公开的本发明旨在任何一种特殊的固定元件,在这种意义上可以预料到,除开该特定元件或其替代元件而外还可以应用其它的变型例或等价部件如上述那些元件。
本文所用的术语“摘除元件”意为一种元件,该元件适合于用驱动器驱动时可以基本摘除体腔壁内的组织。
本文中所用的术语“摘除”或其派生词意为组织的机械特性、电特性、化学特性或其它结构特性的本质改变。在上述以及下面参照实施例说明的心脏内摘除应用的范围内,“摘除”意在充分地改变组织特性,以基本上阻止电信号流出或流过已摘除的心脏组织。
本文中在“摘除元件”范围内的词“元件”意为一种分立的元件,例如电极或许多分立的元件例如许多间隔开的电极,这些电极配置成可以摘除细长的组织区域。
因此,在本发明预定意义范围内的“摘除元件”适合于以各种方式摘除组织。例如,一种合适的“摘除元件”在联接于能源和由能源供能时适合于发射足分的能量来摘除组织。在这种意义上的发送能量的“摘除元件”的例子包括(不限于):适合于连接直流或交流电源例如射频电源的电极元件;由微波能源赋能的天线元件;加热元件,例如用热能如通过对流或电流加热的金属元件或由光加热的光纤元件;光发射元件,例如光纤元件,当其连接于光源时可以发射足以摘除组织的光;或超声元件,例如超声晶体元件,该晶体元件在连接于适当的激发源时可以发射足够的超声波来摘除组织。
在Gilli的美国专利No.5,209,229、Avitall的美国专利No.5,487,385和Fleischman等的WO 96/10961中更详细地说明了射频摘除电极的装置,这些装置适合于整个地或部分地用作本发明的摘除元件。在Walinshy等的美国专利No.4,641,649(微波摘除)和Valenta Jr.等的美国专利No.5,156,157(激光摘除)中更详细地说明了适合于本发明的其它发送能量的摘除元件。这些专利的内容已整个地作为参考文献包含在本文中。
另外,其它改变组织特性的元件也适合作本发明规定意义范围内的“摘除元件”。例如低温摘除探针元件也是合用的,该元件适于充分地冷却组织,使得基本上改变其结构。另外,流体发送元件例如分立的出口或许多出口,它们流体相通地连接于流体发送源,适合于将摘除流体例如含酒精的流体注入到靠近出口的组织上,从而可以基本上改变该组织的特性。在Friedman等的美国专利No.5,147,355和Milder的WO95/19738中分别公开了低温摘除元件或流体发送元件例如上面刚说明的那些元件的更详尽的例子。这些专利的内容已整个地作为参考包含在本文中。
还应当注意到,在本文中示出和说明的各种实施例共同地构成本发明的一种有利模式,该模式特别适合于用于哺乳动物的左心房。在这种模式中,细长摘除元件适合于使其端部固定于左心房的邻接肺静脉口,而细长摘除元件与跨越这些口之间的组织形成实质性接触。随后摘除相邻静脉口上固定器之间的组织,由此形成长线状的机能障碍,构成导电阻塞,制止电流流过机能障碍段。
从下面实施例的更详细说明可以看出,采用本发明可以实现相邻肺静脉口之间的以及包括二尖瓣环和隔膜多个部分的多路长线状机能障碍图案。这种多路摘除的机能障碍的一种图案是在肺静脉区域内切断导电路径的“箱形”图案,被认为是一种入侵少的改进,并且其外伤小,可以替代上述入侵式“迷宫”外科手术操作。
图1示出本发明的一种变型例,图中示出的组织摘除装置组件(1)包括摘除导管(2),该导管具有细长部件(10),该部件具有近端部分(11)和远端部分(12)。示出的远端部分(12)包括摘除元件(20),该摘除元件在其各个端部(23,24)分别邻接远端的和中间的导丝轨道部件(30,40)。
图1所示变型例的固定器由远端的和中间的导丝轨道部件(30,40)构成。总体示于图1的这些导丝轨道部件分别可滑动地接合在远端导丝和近端导丝(3,4)上,形成“多轨道”导管系统。导丝(3)还包括止动件(13),该止动件被径向加大,其直径大于第一远端导丝口(32)的直径。该止动件(13)构成一种定位装置,用于将远端导丝轨道部件(30)配置在沿导丝的预定位置,从而将其固定在解剖学上的位置,下面参考图3可以明显看出这一点。除应用所示的止动机构外,还可以应用其它构件使导管相对定位在导丝上,例如应用可在导丝上膨胀的部件,以便在内部配合导丝轨道腔,这些是普通技术人员容易理解的。
图1所示变型例中的摘除元件20包括许多电极(25),该电极沿细长部件(10)的长度定位在不同位置。图中还示出第二摘除元件(50),它包括许多第二电极(55)。如下面将参照图11~15B更详细说明的那样,这些摘除元件的电极经电极导线连接于至少一个摘除驱动器和一些仪器,这些仪器适合于监测心间电信号和通过电极人工搏动心脏收缩节律。在所示变型例中,普通的电极导线束(26)将不同电极连接于近端接头(60)。
一般地讲,任何一种接头(60)的装置均适合用在本发明中,如任何一个普通技术人员所知道的。在图1所示的变型例中,近端接头(60)配合摘除导管(2)的细长部件(10)的近端部分(11)。近端接头(60)包括止血阀(61),该阀可滑动地配合通筒丝(5)并沿该丝形成流体的密封。还包括电接头(62),该接头示意示出可选择地连接于摘除驱动器(90)、信号记录装置(91)和起搏装置(93)。另外还示出液压接头(68),该接头流体相通地连接于流体出入口(28),以便进行抽吸或发送流体。
摘除驱动器(90)既连接电接头(62)又连接接地板(98)。因此形成一个电路,该电路包括摘除驱动器(90)、摘除元件(20)、病人身体(未示出)和接地板(98);该接地板提供电源的接地或浮动接地。在此电路中,电流例如高频信号可以经病人在电极元件和接地板之间传送,如普通技术人员明显看出的。
摘除元件固定器
下面说明在图1所示远端和近端导丝轨道部件(30,40)上的固定器的细节。远端导丝轨道部件(30)包括远端腔(未示出),该腔在导管端头的第一远端导丝口(32)和位于第一远端导丝口近侧的第二远端导丝口(34)之间延伸。中间导丝轨道部件(40)配置在导管细长部件的中间部分,包括中间腔(未示出),该腔在第一中间导丝口(42)和位于第一中间导丝口近侧的第二中间导丝口(44)之间延伸。
因此,示于图1的各个导丝轨道部件(30、40)适合于通过其腔接收各自的导丝,使得导丝伸到导管细长部件的在滑动配合区域两侧的外侧。然而,这种配置只不过是作为图1固定器的功能结构较广的导丝轨道变型例的一个例子。考虑到这种变型例更通用,分别在细长部件的远端中间区域内形成穿孔。各个穿孔适合于单独地独立于其它穿孔在导丝上滑动。各个穿孔一般有两个开口端或口子,并且各自配合的导丝穿过该穿孔,从各个穿孔端部伸到装置外部。
因此,根据上述的一般结构,任何一个普通技术人员均可以改变图1所示的导丝轨道部件的特定实施例而不超出本发明的范围。例如可以在沿细长部件的要求固定位置上配置部件的套箍或环形链,由此形成一种沿四周配合上述导丝的穿孔。具体是,以充分变化的方式从细长部件上伸出金属环或聚合物环例如聚酰亚胺环、聚氯乙烯环、氟乙烯聚合物环或聚四氟乙烯环。或者用丝纤维例如Kevlar纤维或尼龙丝纤维作成合适的绞合绳,以便形成配合导丝的环形穿孔。在Arney的美国专利No.5,505,702中公开了这种适合于本发明的可替代导丝轨道部件的再一种具体例子。此专利的内容已整个地作为参考包含在本文中。
对于图1的中间导丝轨道部件(40),该部件有利地形成一种装置,用于将细长导管部件的中间部分定位和固定在体腔内的预定位置。图1所示的实施例使得配合的导丝可以横穿细长部件的径向轴,从导管的一侧进入,而从另一侧出来。此实施例可以用多种方式构成,包括例如图2A~E集体提供的更具体的实施例。
图2C~D示出外管(41),该外管共轴地包围内部导丝管(43)。导丝管(43)粘接在外管(41)内壁的两侧。实现这种粘接的一种方法是,将一定形状的金属心轴插在导丝管(43)的内腔中,该金属心轴迫使该导丝管压靠在外管壁的需要开口的优选位置。随后加热接触区域或多个接触区域,例如感应加热金属,因而导丝管和外管便熔接在一起。可以在管的各个界面上同时地或顺序地执行这种熔接操作。将管熔接在一起后,进行冷却,然后抽出心轴。
采用例如激光钻孔或机械钻孔方在熔化的管界间上形成孔(在抽出心轴之前或之后进行)。可选择地堵塞各个形成口外边缘上的内管端部,方法是用粘合剂堵塞该区域的管的横截面,或另外熔化一个类似材料的插塞块于该区域(45)上,如一个普通技术人员可以明显看出的。
图2C~D所示的结构既顾及到要求的导丝轨道腔,又保持至少一个另外的纵向导管穿过导丝管43和外管(41)之间导丝轨道腔的区域,并且还可以使另外的元件穿过其间,例如可使滑动前移的通管丝穿过其间,或使抽吸/发送流体通过其间,如下面更详细说明的。
图2E示出中间导丝轨道部件(40)的另一实施例,其中多腔挤压管(41’)包括用作导丝腔(43’)的中心腔。该导丝腔(43’)的两侧分别邻接表示为电极导线腔(46)的第一腔和第二腔(47),该第二腔具有刚才对图2C~D说明的变化的附加功能,包括抽吸、流体发送和用于遥控远端导管区域的通管丝的通道。在此实施例中,第一和第二中间导丝口(42、44)可以形成在细长导管部件上的同一纵向位置,而不是成交错的近-远方式配置。在这种设计中,导丝可以在垂直于细长部件纵轴的垂直平面内滑动地配合轨道部件。
图3进一步示出在左心房(80)的相邻肺静脉口之间形成长线状机能障碍期间在使用中的组织摘除装置组件(1)。在此图中(以及示出可替代实施例的其它附图4~9)示出摘除导管(2)该导管的远端和中间导丝轨道部件分别位于左、右上腔肺静脉口(83,84)上。这种特殊配置只是为了例示固定机构的操作,该固定机构可有利地配有本发明的形成长线状机能障碍的装置。细长部件的近端部分(11)在图3~9C中均以示意图形式示出,以例示摘除元件与摘除驱动器(90)的结合,该驱动器还示意示出连接于返回电极(98),还连接于信号记录装置(91)和起搏装置(93)。
起始图3示出两根导丝(3,4),该导丝预先经横隔鞘(6)通过相应的肺静脉口(83,84)放置在左、右肺静脉中。在心房腔内利用导丝本身的可操作性和合成的辅助选择性可以完成这种导向丝的定位。另外,或者以取代的方式,还可以采用增强的导向系统例如采用Swartz等的美国专利No.5,575,766中公开的系统将各个导丝牢固定位在要求的静脉口内。
适用于本发明的导丝是不同的,先有的用于将其它导管装置组件配置在内部体腔结构上的导丝装置适合于很多应用。这些导丝一般具有金属心例如不锈钢心,或超弹性金属心包括Ni-Ti心,该丝在远端作成圆锥形并包括低温焊接、高温焊接或铜焊在该圆锥形区域上的对辐射不透明的线圈。
另外,周知的其外直径至少为0.014英寸的导丝,包括其外直径约为0.018英寸或0.032英寸的导丝是适用的。导丝还应当预成形,或者在其远端区域应当是可加工的,还应当是可扭转的和辐射不透明的(如上述辐射不透明线圈),以便可以用X射线透视法操作装置,辅助选择心房中的肺静脉口。在任何情况下,导丝应具有适当的结构,以便提供充分的支承和操作性,将本发明的导管组件定位在和引导到心房中的肺静脉口内,如普通技术人员明显看出的。
止动件(13)是径向扩大部分,它可成形为单独的部件,装在位于下面的导丝构件上。止动件(13)的安装方法是例如将一个焊接料球焊接在位于下方丝的外表面上。止动件(13)还可以是聚合部件,例如用从聚乙烯、聚氨酯、聚氯乙烯等这组聚合物中选出的材料制作。另外,还可以在导丝上形成粘合剂例如氰基丙烯酸酯粘合剂的扩大区域,以此形成止动件(13)。
一当放置在相应的口中,各个导丝(3,4)便构成一个初始支架,摘除导管组件与导丝配合的区域便定位在该支架上,从而固定在相应的静脉口上。图3示出摘除导管(2)的远端部分已经在两个导丝(3、4)上前移,形成恰当配置的状况。远端和中间导丝轨道部件(30,40)分别按照以下例示方法共轴地配合在导丝(3、4)上。
在导丝远端部分按以上所述放置在体内之后,将导丝近端部分(来示出)“反向装入”到相应的导管组件的远端和中间导丝腔内。装入的方法是,将导丝的近端部插入到例如第一远端导丝口(32),然后向后倒退该导丝近端部通过远端腔,然后从第二远端导丝口(34)伸出。
一旦导丝(3,4)和导丝轨道部件(30,40)分别配合,使摘除导管(2)沿导丝(3,4)往前移,使其进入内部体腔中其相应的远端部分区域。使摘除导管(2)的远端部分相对于导丝(3)前移,直至第一远端导丝口(32)碰到第一肺静脉中的止动件(13),如图3所示。由于止动件(13)相对于静脉口(83)定位在沿肺静脉的预定位置,所以与远端导丝轨道部件(30)的配合便有选择地将摘除元件的远端部(23)定位在静脉口内的要求位置。
图3真实地示出第二远端导丝口(34)位于摘除元件(20)的远端区域,该导丝口配置在相邻摘除电极之间空隙上。在这种配置中,导丝(3)和第二远端导丝口(34)之间的共轴连接区域可以定位于或靠近肺静脉口,而一部分摘除元件(20)仍定位在静脉口内。应当看到,为在左心房肺静脉口的区域内有效地阻止电的传导,长线状的机能障碍应当在邻接静脉口的肺静脉之间延伸并至少包括该肺静脉的底部。
除上述将摘除元件(20)的远端部(23)固定于第一肺静脉口(83)外,还应将近侧端部(24)固定于相邻右上腔肺静脉(84)的区域,方法是使中间导丝轨道部件(30)在导丝(4)上共轴地向前移动。
在将摘除元件(20)的各个端部定位和固定后,使得摘除元件至少部分真正地和可靠地接触摘除元件端部之间的一段组织,包括静脉口之间的线状组织区域以及一部分静脉口和从该口(至少在第一静脉口)伸出的静脉管。向沿固定的摘除元件配置的电极供能,摘除邻接的组织,由此在静脉口的预定固定位置之间形成长线状的机能障碍。
按照本发明,还需要将装置的第三部分定位在沿体腔壁的第三预定位置。例如,第二摘除元件(50)在整个附图中以不同的方式示出位于摘除导管(2)的摘除元件(20)的近侧。第二摘除元件(50)的远端部经中间导丝轨道部件(40)固定于右上腔肺静脉口内的第二预定固定位置的附近。
可以配置第三固定或定位装置,以便将第二摘除元件(50)的近端部定位在第三预定位置,从而可以沿心房壁相对于由第一摘除元件形成的第一机能障碍形成预定取向和结构的另一长线状机能障碍。例如,通管丝(5)适合于作这种定位作用,该通管丝在整个附图中以不同方式以隐蔽图示出位于第二摘除元件的区域内。该通管丝配合在细长部件内的通管丝腔(未示出)中,该丝适合遥控地将摘除导管(2)定位在第三位置。
本发明不同实施例中所用的通管丝的结构是不同的,主要由特殊应用的具体操作需要确定。合适的通管丝可以是金属杆,例如不锈钢杆或超弹性金属杆(例如Ni-Ti杆),该杆可滑动地进入到摘除导管的近端腔内。通管丝还可涂一层润滑层,例如涂一层氟乙烯聚合物层、聚四氟乙烯层、paralene层或亲水性的聚合物层,以便在细长部件的通管丝腔内滑动操作通管丝。
另外,通管丝一般应具有适合的长度,使得远端可以配置在摘除导管的要求区域内,以便于在体内定位,而通管丝的远端应在部件和组件的外部延伸,以便医生可以用其远端部进行遥控。再则,通管丝在其远端区域应当预先成形,使得通管丝近端部上的扭转适合于可控地经腔地操纵通管丝头部,以便沿心房壁的表面定位共轴结合的导管管筒。
除上述通管丝的有利的“导管控制”作用外,在有些情况下只需一个固定器便可达到体腔壁与一段细长摘除元件的紧密接触。由于摘除元件的一个端部固定在第一预定位置例如固定肺静脉口上,所以可以利用一定形状的通管丝将另一端部或部分定位在第二预定位置。在这种方式中,第一固定器构成一个焦点,通心丝绕该焦点的转动使摘除元件的其它部分摆动、正像用圆规画一段弧,或使弧上的一点相对于焦点的第一位置定位在预定的第二位置。
通管丝(5)还适合于在导管内进一步前移到远端,特别是在体内将远端导丝轨道部件定位和固定在第一位置期间。在一个特殊的变型例中,细长部件的包含摘除元件的区域可以设计得特具柔性,以便例如贴合在心房壁构造上。然而这种柔性可能减少了可推性和使远端部分在体腔内前移和遥控该远端部的能力降低。因此通管丝的可变的定位以及在此远端导管区域内的应用既可以照顾到必需的刚度,以便在通管丝通到该区域内时可以跟踪、定位和固定摘除元件,而当通管丝退回到近端时又可以照顾到摘除元件和心房壁的柔性贴合。
如普通技术人员可以明显看出的,通管丝(5)在其余的整个附图中均用隐蔽图以不同的方法示出,并在这些图所示的变型例中执行与上述功能相似的功能。
除上述的“第三位置”定位装置外,第三固定器还可以装在装置上,例如装在图1和3所示的第二摘除元件(50)的近端。例如类似于上述中间导丝轨道部件实施例的“近端导丝轨道部件”(未示出)可以形成为靠近第二摘除元件近端部的第三固定器。由于将第三固定器配合在例如外加的导丝上,所以可将近端导丝轨道区域定位和固定在第三静脉口中的外加导丝上,例如按图3的装置位置定位在右下腔肺静脉口中的外加导丝上。
普通技术人员可看出,在细长部件上还可以形成外加的与上述相结合的固定器和/或摘除元件。例如可以形成外加的近端导丝轨道部件,或外加管心丝可以滑动配合装置细长部件的内腔,以便将细长部件的其它近端部分定位在组织结构上。
在一种未示出的特殊模式中,应用许多按要求沿细长部件配置的固定器可以将许多摘除元件配置在所有相邻静脉口对之间,该细长部件适合于同时配合这些各别口的区域。然而优于这种模式的是,在下腔静脉口之间的区域不需要摘除,或不需要与固定的摘除元件接触。这是因为一般认为,按另一种方式产生的切断电流传导的完全的“箱形”结构将通过围绕该箱的心房壁组织产生一个或多个新的重入心律失常子波。代之以一般认为,在很多情况下最好形成可以使这些下腔口与二尖瓣环的结构阻挡层桥接的机能障碍。
因此,可以应用上述的通管丝(5)或近端导丝轨道部件将摘除元件例如图3所示的第二摘除元件(50)的近端部固定在二尖瓣环的附近。将近端导丝轨道部件作此应用的情况下,与该部件配合的导丝从心房退回,然后经二尖瓣配置到心室中。随后在该丝上前移该近端导丝轨道部件,直至定位在沿二尖瓣环的要求位置。在通管丝或导丝轨道部件变型例中,可以在上腔静脉口或下腔静脉口和二尖瓣环的组织结构之间形成长线状的机能障碍。
图4示出应用止动部件的另一变型例,该止动部件位于通过本发明远端和中间导丝轨道部件的配合导丝上。在这种变型例中,导丝(4’)包括定位于第二中间导丝口(44)近端的止动件(14)。在这种配置中,丝的远端部分最好在将丝引入到细长部件之前“前移装入”到导丝轨道部件中。这是因为这种前移装入将造成如图所示的配置(这种情况下,“后退装入”是不可能的,因为止动件将阻止轨道部件被定位在其远侧)。在这种配置中,可以用导丝(4’)将摘除元件(20)的近侧部(24)向远侧推压在配合的肺静脉口上,以便将近端部(24)更可靠地固定在该静脉口上。
除适用于这种变型例的优选形状的导丝远端头外,包含止动件或位于止动件近侧的导丝区域还可以具有一定形状,以增强近侧止动件变型例的这种“推压”功能。例如,在止动件近侧的丝上的弯曲部或独立的弯曲部可以加强将沿丝长度的力向量从丝的入口切向地经圆卵窝中的导向导管引入到左心房,并对着肺静脉口的后心房壁。
图5是导丝上使用止动部件的再一变型例,该止动件形成一个装置,迫使摘除导管的配合区域压靠在靠近静脉口的组织上。在这种变型例中,导丝(3,4’)均分别具有止动件(13’,14),该止动件位于相应配合的近端导丝轨道部件和中间导丝轨道部件(30,40)的近侧。按照先前参考图4的说明,此组件必须完全地实行“前装入”,使导丝的远端部插入各个轨道部件的相应腔内。此变型例组件得益于能使向远侧作用的力经配置在导丝上的近侧止动件对着相邻肺静脉口上要求锚定的位置。
图6是本发明摘除元件固定装置的再一变型例,其中,摘除元件(20)的远端部(23)邻接可膨胀元件(35),该元件适合于径向配合其中配置可膨胀元件的肺静脉壁的至少两个相对部分。
在此变型例中,用于相对于肺静脉口定位摘除导管各个区域的导丝轨道方法基本上与上述的“导丝止动件”变型例相同。然而一当定位,通过可膨胀元件的径向膨胀便可使装置更牢固地固定在该位置。
在一种模式中,可膨胀元件(35)是一个可膨胀的气囊,该气囊可流体加压地连接于可加压的流体源上。在加压流体源时便驱使流体进入气囊,使其直径至少膨胀到沿四周配合一部分静脉壁。这种模式中,靠近气囊的摘除导管区域必须构成一个流体加压导管,例如,独立的可膨胀腔,该腔既连接于气囊又经近端接头连接于加压膨胀源,如普通技术人员理解的。该膨胀源最好包括射线不透明的流体源,该流体源适合于用X射线透视法目视观察气囊的膨胀特性。
作为可膨胀气囊的膨胀元件(35)的一种合适的结构模式如下。气囊可以是具有相当弹性的可膨胀管例如乳胶管或硅橡胶管,或者可以是一种不太有弹性的折叠的气囊,例如用聚乙烯、聚烯烃共聚物、聚氯乙烯或尼龙作的气囊,这种气囊在加压期间具有相当轻的可控的贴合性。在弹性结构气囊的情况下,气囊基本上根据用来膨胀气囊的流体体积来确定尺寸。在较少贴合性结构中,可以提供成套的在一定操作压力范围内具有若干预定尺寸的摘除导管,以便适配各种肺静脉构造和直径。
在此变型例的其它模式中,可膨胀元件(35)除气囊用流体压力膨胀外,还可以各种方法进行径向膨胀。例如,可径向膨胀的支架可以在静脉壁加上足够的径向力,从而充分地固定该区域的摘除组件。其它的可膨胀部件也是适用的,例如在Kirkman的美国专利No.5,509,900中公开的部件,此专利已整个地作为参考包含在本文中。
除上述模式及其明显的变型例外,可膨胀部件(35)还适合于相对于其它方向优先在一个径向方向膨胀,使得位于下面的细长部件的中心轴线被偏压到已膨胀元件的直径的一侧。在例如为迫使靠近可膨胀部件的大多数摘除元件的远端电极压靠在肺静脉壁的特定部分上,这是特别需要的。没有这种径向偏压,一般认为将会在细长部件的靠近可膨胀部件的区域达不到内膜壁的接触。偏压力最好迫使摘除元件的邻接区域压靠在位于固定器之间的脉管的内壁上,由此形成长的连续机能障碍,该障碍连续地伸到配合的静脉内。
图7示出中间导丝轨道部件(40)的另一变型例,它构成邻接摘除元件(20)近端部(24)的固定器。与上述变型例不同,中间导丝轨道部件(40)包括中间腔,该腔具有第二中间导丝口(未示出),该导丝口位于或靠近摘除导管(2)的近端部分,例如位于近端接头(未示出)上。可以认为,至少一个导丝轨道部件的这种加长共轴配置有利于减少露在发送装置内孔内中的装置数目,也减少了在心房中露出的装置数目。同时,这种变型例还去掉了如参照图2A-E所述的横过细长部件直径的中间导丝装置。
根据图7所示和参照图7说明的变型例,图8示出摘除导管(2)分支的远端部分,使得中间导丝轨道部件(40)包括中间腿部(47)。在这种变型例中,中间腿部(47)形成一个支架,附加的电极(26)配置在该支架上,从而使摘除元件(20)的近端部可以进一步延伸进入第二肺静脉口,中间导丝轨道部件(40)固定在该静脉口上。
可以用各种方法构造中间腿部(47)。在一种方法中,第一聚合物管包括近侧管(11)和一个出口,该出口穿过其外壁形成,通入到由该管形成的腔中。将同样材料的第二管整齐地套在一个心轴例如涂有聚四氟乙烯的不锈钢心轴上,然后通过该出口将心轴插入到腔中,直至第二管端部沿四周接触该出口。在这种方法中,该出口和第二管的接触端部(实际上它是第二口)最好形成预定的可以充分配合其口径的几何形状,以便在其界面上进行充分的封焊。随后将管子的接触区域邻靠感应加热源,使该加热源激发,充分地加热心轴的邻近区域,以便熔化第二管的区域,从而使该区域的管接合在一起。
在进行上述的加热后,除去心轴。除上述的两管配接而外,附加的步骤是在除去心轴之前在两管配接处热缩第三片管,以使该配接部分形成附加的结构整体性。在此方法中,第二管可以是中间腿部(47),或摘除导管(2)的远端部分。
下面说明构成本发明摘除导管的分支的中间和远端部分的另一种方法。挤压出具有两个圆腔的聚合物管,该腔由中央壁分开,将这种聚合物管或“双腔”挤压制品切开预定长度。沿管的纵轴通过中央壁切开双腔挤压制品的一个端部便可进行分支。
然后,“后加工”用这种替代方法制作的总的分支管,制备沿其长度配有电极元件的管子,如普通技术人员清楚的。例如,制作上述分支管所形成的平表面可以采用磨制法倒圆,或在一根共轴热缩管内熔化该管,而心轴预先放置在该管内(此变型例的热缩管在热缩后除去,该热缩管用不同的材料制作,例如为聚四氟乙烯热缩管或聚酰亚胺热缩管)。
在另一替代例中,分支管的最后的平表面可以是要求的,具体是因为这些表面可以自然地取向,使其面对肺静脉口内的和其间的组织。摘除元件例如许多电极子元件可以只装在形成的平表面上,因而相对于沿摘除元件的细长区域的组织接触基本上是绝缘的。
图9A~C共同说明作为固定装置的远端导丝轨道部件的另一变形例,图中示出该变形例与起始示于图7的中间导丝轨道部件的变型例相结合。在此变型例中,两个导丝轨道部件均没有位于摘除导管远端部分区域内第一相对导丝口近侧的第二导丝口。而远端和中间腔分别从近侧沿导管细长部件的长度延伸,结束于导管近端部分(11)的出口(未示出)上。除此变型例而外,在配合于远端导丝轨道部件的远侧腔内的导丝上形成止动件,例如图9A的导丝(3)上的止动件(13’)。
而图9B~C示出远端固定器中不同于图9A所示的固定实施例。除在导丝上使用止动部件外(该止动件也可以与图9B~C的变型例相结合),图9B~C的变型例还使图9A的导管-导丝轨道设计与装置远端上的可膨胀部件固定机构例如先前图6所示的机构结合起来。和图6的膨胀部件(35)的变型例不同,图9B~C的变型例顾及到从第一远端导丝口(33)和第二远端导丝口(34)之间延伸的一部分导丝腔中从近侧退回导丝(3)。因此按图9C所示的操作模式,当导丝(3)在可膨胀部件膨胀期间被抽回时,血流便可以经导丝的开口区流到近侧并进入心房(用实箭头示出)。不用此变型例中的导丝和出口配置,在此变型例中的已膨胀气囊将按另一种作用方式阻止这种血流。另外,尽管可以从配合腔中抽出导丝(3),以同样方式操作图6的变型例,但是在远的体腔内例如在心房腔的经皮操作中应用时,按照该设计则不能配合导丝,而且基本上不能还原该导丝。
此前已分别根据靠近摘除元件两个相对端部的远端和中间导管区域的上具体固定器的变型例示出和说明本发明。这些固定器变型例适于在摘除元件端部之间实现可靠的组织接触,以便形成连续的长线状机能障碍。然而还应当预料到,摘除元件本身的区域还可以另外加以改造,以增加位于相邻肺静脉口的固定器之间的长度上的组织接触。
例如,摘除元件可以包括至少一个沿其长度的摘除元件固定器,该固定器适用配合邻近摘除元件的组织。在一个特别的实施例中,该摘除元件固定器可以是一个抽吸装置,该装置至少包括一个出入口,该出入口经穿过摘除导管部件的抽吸/空气腔与真空源流体连通。该实施例的例子以示意方式示于图1,而在图10A~F中提供了另一个更详细的例子。
图10A~E示出一种摘除导管变型例的不同的细节,该变型例与图7的用于例示的变型例相似,而且示出了更详细的模式,该模式包括在摘除元件(120)区域上的抽吸固定装置。摘除元件(120)包括一部分流体腔(127),该腔通过许多流体口(128)通到摘除元件区域上导管装置的外部。这些流体口配置成当远端和中间导丝轨道部件(130、140)固定在相邻肺静脉口上时使它们面向靠近摘除元件的组织。流体腔(127)适合于经近端接头(未示出)连接于真空源,以便在摘除期间在流体口(128)上形成抽吸力,使得摘除元件在摘除期间牢牢地与组织接触。在此变型例中还包括内部密封件(129),该密封件的隐蔽图示于10A,而其横截面示于图10E。
密封件(129)位于流体腔(127)的内部,相对于最远端的流体口(128)处于远端。该密封件(129)构成一种装置,可在摘除元件区域上的抽吸腔和导丝轨道部件及其相应腔之间隔离流体。可以采用各种方法来形成密封件(129),例如送一团高粘度或快速凝固的粘合剂到需要密封的腔内位置,或熔化位于该腔中的一块插塞材料,或联合这些方法或其它方法。
可以替代上述抽吸装置的是或除该装置之外还可以应其它装置来增强沿摘除元件长度的组织接触。例如,包括摘除元件的导管区域特别是摘除元件端部之间的区域可以预先成形,使得摘除元件可以偏置在固定摘除元件端部的预定位置之间的组织。这种偏置可以进入聚合物管的热定形,该聚合物管组成摘除元件区的细长部件,或者采用另一种方法形成这种偏置,例如在细长部件的该区域上形成预成形的增强部件。作为另一个例子可以应用在整个附图中以各种方式示出的通管丝(5)来形成这种预形状。在这种模式中,通管丝适合于向前移动进入摘除元件的区域,并将偏置的形状加于该区域上。
按照本发明的固定机构,上述的抽吸装置以及预成形的偏置装置均可设计成利用摘除元件的自然取向特性。当用于特定变型例例如上述变型例的固定器是适合于固定在相邻脉管口上的导丝轨道部件时,两个导丝轨道部件一般趋向于沿配合的导丝轴线采取自然的可预测的取向。而在这些定向固定器之间延伸的摘除元件在与组织配合时一般也倾向于以预测的方式取向,从而适应本发明上述摘除元件的预成形偏置变型例和流体口/抽吸变型例。
图10F示出图10A~E所示装置组件的另一变型例,其中,摘除元件(220)已被改型。在此变型例中配置换能器(270),该换能器不是以固定取向配置在细长部件的外表面上,而是可滑动地配合在与许多流体口(228)相通的腔(未示出)内。换能器(270)可以是任何一种交流能源或上述的其它摘除装置,例如高频电极、微波天线、低温摘除探针、光纤激光源或超声源。当换能器移动,横过流体口,同时被驱动进行摘除时,此实施例的摘除装置最好适合于通过这些口进行摘除。
还可以预料到,图10A~E所示的许多口可以通过装置内部区域内的连接腔配合机械的组织配合工具。在一种模式中,许多孔中的各个孔可移动地配合一个针,该针可以穿过该口,并可以作为固定器进入邻近组织。
摘除元件
沿摘除元件长度配置的电极的具体几何形状和尺寸影响总的摘除特性,各种各样配置可以适合特定应用而不超出本发明的范围。这些电极一般用导电材料例如铜合金、铂或金制作,它们包裹在装置的软性部件上。另外,为了实现有效摘除,电极一般应当设计成具有适当接触面积,以便在固定就位可与邻近摘除元件的组织接触。
当例如在图1的变型例中应用许多间隔开的电极时,电极的长度和间隔应特别适合于接纳所用的摘除能。为了更优化地形成包括电极之间区域的连续的长线状摘除图案需要这种组合。例如,特别是在心房壁组织上形成长线状机能障碍时,一般认为,这种机能障碍之间的间隙可能形成重入心房心律不齐的路径,这种路径通过适当连接的机能障碍原本是可以堵塞的。另外,一般认为,需要的机能障碍应当是透壁的,或从心房壁的一侧通到另一侧,以便有效地阻止迷乱的重入信号跨越机能障碍,造成心律不齐。
下面说明一种被认为特别适用于在左心房壁中形成长线状机能障碍的电极结构。沿摘除元件配置许多电极,各个电极用卷成环形的金属线最好是铂丝制作。各个卷筒电极的宽度最好在5~8mm的范围内,各相邻对的电极最好间隔开1~2cm。一般认为,按照这种结构,用频率500kHz功率50~100W的能源同时激励许多电极在很多情况下将会在心房壁组上形成长线状的足以制止导电的机能障碍。根据这些参数沿摘除元件配置的电极数目是随情况而变的,这取决于为形成特定长线状机能障碍所需要的总的摘除元件长度。
开头已参考图1和3~9C概述了本发明摘除元件的一种电连接配置。除这些图的变形例外,信号记录装置(91)可连接摘除元件的电极,以便在用同样电极进行摘除前、摘除期间以及摘除后监测心律不齐,如普通技术人员理解的。在将摘除元件固定在要求的区域准备形成要求的长线状机能障碍之后最好采用这种记录装置。这种心房电图的记录可使主治医生(1)确认固定的摘除元件的区域上的心律不齐;(2)确定沿摘除元件长度的心房组织的结构范围(例如在每一个电极上进行监测时沿肺静脉壁向外延伸的长度);(3)确定摘除元件与二尖瓣环的接近程度(当在环上时心房和心室电信号出现在相应的导线上);(4)在摘除之后监测导电中断。一般认为,通过适当地将摘除元件固定和锚定在摘除区域,可以在搏动的心脏中获得摘除前、摘除期间和摘除后的准确记录和随后的治疗分析。
具体地讲,适用于本发明的记录装置的一个例子是得克萨斯州Houston市的Pruka Engineering Incorporated(PET)公司生产的商标为“CardioLab”的系统。
除开对先前附图中以不同方式示出的起搏装置(93)的了解外,该装置还可以选择性地刺激摘除区域,以确定导电中断是否理想地形成。在一种模式中,已摘除的组织最好是死的和不导电的,并且用一个起搏节律驱动沿该区域的电极将不会造成有意义的心房壁导电或壁运动响应。另外,平移摘除元件使其偏离摘除区域的轴线便可达到起搏,并可确认已知信号的传导中断。适用于本发明的起搏装置的一个例子是由Bloom公司制作的程序化的起搏刺激器。在一种例示性的操作模式中,具有脉冲宽度1~10ms的1~20mA的方波电流足可以锈发心律不齐,或监测导电中断区域,或测搏动图,或测量摘除前或后的目标组织的起搏阈值。
为了更完全地理解摘除元件本身的结构,图11~14示出了摘除元件配置在摘除导管上时该摘除元件的变形例的更多细节的图。
图11示出许多电极(25)、它们分别连接于电极导线(26),该导线从近端沿导管细长部件(10)延伸,在近端这些导线结合于至少一个电接头(未示出)。
摘除元件(20)还包括温度监测元件,如也在图11中示出的热敏电阻(27)。包含的这些热敏电阻(也可以是热电偶)构成一种用于测量摘除元件区域内温度的装置,以便在摘除操作期间进行反馈控制。示于图11的各个热敏电阻(27)靠近一个电极(25)配置,也连接于一条温度监测导线(29)。图11所示实施例的另一种变型示于图12和13,其中用热电偶(27’)代替热敏电阻,该热电偶靠近电极(25)。Swanson等的美国专利No.5,582,609更详细地介绍了构造电极和温度监测元件的具体尺寸、材料、面积以及装在如上所述导管上的方法,该专利先前已作为参考包含在本说明中。
另外,温度监测元件或者可以直接连接于电极,或者可以按另一种方式沿摘除元件的长度配置,如普通技术人员理解的。例如图14示出这样一种可替代的热电偶(27’)配置,该热电偶沿摘除元件(121)配置在相邻电极(25)之间。
上述电极和温度监测设置只代表用在范围很宽的本发明中的特定的实施例。其它适用的摘除元件上面已参考先有的参考文献进行了简要说明,这些先有参考文献的内容已作参考包含在本说明中。特别是在Swanson等的美国专利No.5,582,609中已说明适用于本发明的与温度监测机构配合的卷筒电极的更详细例子,此专利先前已作为参考文献包含在本文中。
下面参考图15A示意示出的摘除驱动器(90)说明适用于本文所述摘除元件实施例的摘除驱动器例子的细节。图15A变型例的摘除驱动器(90)包括提供RF电流的电源(92)、监测电路(94)和控制电路(96)。电源(92)经电接头(51)中的导线(51)连接于摘除元件(未示出),也连接于接地板(98)。监测电路(94)连接于电接头(51)上的热敏电阻导线,也连接于控制电路(96)。控制电路(96)既连接于监测电路(94)又连接于电源(92),以便根据监测的温度和预定的温度设定点之间的关系调节驱动电极的电流输出量。
上述反馈控制电路基于摘除区域测量的实时温度与表示摘除进程的已知值相比较。监测的温度例如可以告知摘除已完成,因此停止能量输送。或者,这种值可以表示组织接触的质量,该信息可以用在控制电路中调节输送到接触组织的区域的驱动电流。另外,可以根据已知的经验值预定特定的设定温度,该温度也可以根据病人情况设定,这是普通技术人员容易看出的。
还应当预料到,除开上述温度控制反馈机构外,或可以取代这种机构的是,可以监测高频摘除装置电路的电参数,以提供适当的反馈控制。例如,可以监测输出电压、输出电流、输出功率、阻抗或反射功率,或这些参数的变化或变化的时间率,并用在一个或一系列的反馈控制算法中。这种监测参数的实时值已经被观测到可用来描述某些摘除操作的进程,并且还用在控制电路中,以便进行摘除驱动电流的实时反馈控制。
在控制系统中例如在多路传输系统中还可以各别地控制摘除元件的许多电极的各个各别电极。被认为适合于对本发明摘除元件进行这种反馈控制的反馈控制系统例子已在Panescu等的WO 96/00036中说明。在Klicek的美国专利No.5,496,312、Cohen等的美国专利No.5,437,664和Strul的WO 93/20770中已提出反馈控制系统的其它例子,这些例子适用于本发明,普通技术人员根据其说明便可应用。上述反馈控制参考文献的内容已整个地作为参考包含在本说明中。
阻止电流传导的长线状机能障碍“箱”
图16~21示出在进行一般心房纤颤治疗操作期间处于各个步骤的本发明的装置组件,其中沿肺静脉口区域形成阻止传导电流的箱形结构。在整个图中所示的这个特别的子系统中,示出一个心房机能障碍导管装置组件,该组件类似于图5的组件。为便于例示,图中示出在不同预定对的肺静脉口之间顺序形成机能障碍期间该装置组件位于切开的左心房中的不同位置。
图16示出在形成第一长线状机能障碍的操作之后的组织摘除装置组件(301),在进行该操作期间,摘除导管(302)的摘除元件位于左、右上腔肺静脉口(383,384)之间的第一位置(此图中未示出第一位置)。此图中示出的摘除导管(302)重新定位在左上腔和左下腔肺静脉口之间的第二位置,以便在该一对相邻静脉口之间进行形成长线状机能障碍的操作。
图17示出按照图16进行形成第二长线状机能障碍操作之后的左心房中的摘除导管(302),其中摘除元件(320)重新定位在第三位置,在该处,摘除元件的两端锚定在右上腔和右下腔静脉口(384,385)上。在进行第三线状摘除以后,在所有相邻对的静脉口之间除下腔静脉口之间外,形成一端打开的箱形机能障碍。这种结果可以充分治疗某些心房重入纤颤后遗症。在进行这种操作的各个形成机能障碍的摘除步骤之后,很可能需要任何其它的停歇时间。
然而一般认为,患有多子波重入性心房纤颤病的很多病人需要肺静脉口与其它心房组织完全分离。虽然达到这种完全分离的一种模式是将下腔静脉口之间的传导“箱”的最后一个腿连接起来,但是在这些口和左心房底部的二尖瓣环之间形成一对机能障碍也被认为是比较好的。
因此图18和19示出在下腔肺静脉口和靠近二尖瓣环的组织区域之间形成一对机能障碍时的顺序步骤。具体是,图18和19示出两个单极电极的心内配置,该单极电极被组合成双极的心摘除装置,该装置适合于在下腔静脉口和二尖瓣环的邻近区域之间形成摘除的机能障碍。
图18示出的第一单极摘除电极元件(392)靠近左下腔肺静脉口(386)配置。如普通技术人员可以想到的,该电极在这种应用中对于将其安装在不同导管支架上可以采用很多合用的形式,因而仅示意示出。在一种示出的例示性模式中,该电极至少是沿摘除元件长度配置的电极中的一个电极,如装在本发明先前变型例中的一个电极。例如,电极可以装在靠近导管最远端摘除元件的端部,例如图16和17中在导丝口(332)和(334)之间的电极。在此例中,如普通技术人员按照上述变型例的说明可以看出的,电极可以配置在下腔肺静脉口内。
在图18中还以隐蔽图方式示出第二摘除电极元件(395),该元件配置在冠状窦(396)内,沿着该窦腔配置,使得它靠近第一电极元件。而且,该电极可以包括若干已知电极构形中的一种构形,并且,对于这种双极摘除跨距来说是充分的,因此图上只示意示出。
第二摘除电极元件(395)配置在冠状窦中,配置如下。起始按照已知方法(和按照上面更详细说明的同样方法中的一些方法)将导向导管经上腔静脉或下腔静脉引入到右心房。接着将装置送过导向导管,通过右心房中该管的口进入冠状窦,通过使第二电极载带装置(394)沿可操作的导丝移动便可以实现这一点,该导丝已预先辅助选择导向导管远侧的冠状窦。或者按另一种方式,将导向导管或原来导向导管内的第二导向导管作成一定形状,该导向导管适合于以另一种方式配合沿右心房壁的冠状窦的口,由此形成进入脉管的腔导管。
一旦进入冠状窦便可以用各种各样方法相对于第一电极定位第二电极。在一种变型例中,两个电极的电位构成它们之间彼此相对距离的度量。当第二电极穿过冠状窦并越过最靠近静止的固定的第一电极的位置时,该度量可以提供识别的回折点。在另一变型例中,第一和第二电极作成相当的辐射不透明,使得用X射线透视法可以容易地目视它们彼此的相对距离。
不管电极的具体构造以及它们的相对位置的对准和固定模式,一当如此配置时,在其间传送的电信号便可用来摘除其间的心房壁组织,如普通的技术人员可明显看出的。
图19示出与图18类似的第一和第二电极装置的示意图,只是装置位于第二位置,其中它们适合于共同地在右肺静脉口(385)和二尖瓣环(388)的邻近区域之间形成长线状的机能障碍。在此图中示出按图18的位置形成机能障碍之后在左肺静脉口(386)和二尖瓣环的邻近区域之间的长线状机能障碍。普通的技术人员可以理解,在下腔肺静脉和二尖瓣环的区域之间形成长线状机能障碍并使该机能障碍将下腔肺静脉连接于二尖瓣环的区域之后便形成构成机能障碍的“箱”。
图20示出本发明的另一装置组件,该组件在心房纤颤治疗操作期间只进行一次定位,其中示出的组件沿肺静脉口和二尖瓣环至少形成一部分阻止导电的机能障碍,该组件与图7的组件相似,但成彼此相反的镜像。然而在此图中可以用组织摘除装置组件(301)来形成多路长线状的机能障碍,不同的摘除元件沿细长部件相邻配置。在此组件的一方面中,摘除元件(320)两端部分别固定于两个相邻上腔静脉口(383,384)。在另一方面,第二摘除元件(325)位于配合于左上腔口(383)的固定器的近侧,其远侧由同一固定器固定,其近侧用一定形状的通管丝(305)靠压在壁上。除此方面而外,该一定形状的通管丝(305)还适合于使位于第二摘除元件区域的导管管体变形,使得摘除元件的变形区域基本上贴合于相邻心房壁的组织。另外,通管丝(305)还使第二摘除元件的区域横穿左下腔肺静脉口(386),通到冠状窦的区域,因而配合二尖瓣环。这样便可形成一个单一连续的长线状机能障碍。
在另一个未示出的形成下腔静脉口-二尖瓣环机能障碍的变型例中,还可以看到,导丝可从左心房退回,穿过二尖瓣进入左心室。这样,轨导可以进入二尖瓣区域,使得本发明组织摘除导管组件上的相应配合的导丝轨道部件可以通过二尖瓣将摘除元件固定在二尖瓣环上。
另外,在将本文所述装置引入左心房的逆行动脉进入的方法中,导向导管的头部经二尖瓣进入左心房。还应当知道,该导向导管头部区域可提供另外的摘除元件,从而有助于通过摘除下腔静脉口和二尖瓣环之间的区域实现所述的阻挡层到阻挡层的阻止电流传导的下腔腿。
不管所用的具体变型例,为了进一步例示说明,图21示出用上面示出和说明的摘除导管变型例形成的整个长线状机能障碍“箱”,特别是用图16~19示出和说明的顺序形成长线状机能障碍的方法。
除采用本发明装置组件的整个操作而外,开始可以采用普通技术人员周知的进出通道法将摘除元件放入左心房。一般地讲,这些方法或者从右心房经房内隔膜壁上的卵圆窝经中隔地进入左心房,或从左心室逆行经二尖瓣(如上面简要说明的)进入左心房。上面图中所示和说明的实施例为了例示说明的一致性说明本发明的使用是通过横隔膜鞘的路径。然而可以认为,上述装置变形例适合于或普通技术人员可以容易修改成适用于从心室进入左心房的逆行动脉进入的方法。然而本文还是简要说明一种经卵圆窝的横隔模左心房进入方法,以便完全理解允许的进入方法。
开始,将导向导管或鞘或者经下腔静脉或者经上腔静脉进入右心房,这首先要求用导引器鞘的导管插入方法,例如用已知的“Seldinger”方法。
适用于这种操作的导向导管也是周知的,但一般在7-12 French之间,最好为8~120 French,包含一定形状的辐射不透明的头部和具有扭转性,以便用X射线透视法操作导管,将其对准体内要求的远距离位置。重要的是应在导向导管内形成至少一个大腔,以便一旦正确定位便可形成一个发送各种具体治疗装置的管形导管。导丝例如0.032英寸直径的丝一般也共轴地以伸缩配置的方式装在导向导管内,这也有助于使导向导管对准目的位置。
一旦进入右心房,便使导向导管对着卵圆窝,通过该隔膜开口,最后将导管插入左心房,并形成进入体腔的腔入口,以便引导具体的治疗或诊断设备就位。将“Brockenbrough”针或套针推过扩张器便可获得通过圆卵窝的入口,该组件经导向导管靠在卵圆窝上。然后将针、扩张器和导向导管推过卵圆窝上,此后抽出针和扩张器,使导向导管留在其位。
还应当看到,可以制定各种辅助的诊断制度和其它的病人治疗制度,以便按照本发明形成长线状机能障碍,治疗左心房纤颤。例如,应当知道,在有效地形成长线状机能障碍进行上述治疗之前,必需进行若干诊断检查。
例如,已知病人在肺静脉口区域存在组织构造的差别。具体是,Jafs等在题为“关于导管摘除的两心房尺寸”的科学摘要中已公开在人的左心房中相邻肺静脉口的不同对之间的限定的距离范围,该科学摘要由“北美起博和电生理学学会”出版,书名为“17th Annual Scientific SessionAbstract form”。基于此公开,上述肺静脉口之间的距离范围可定在31~55mm(平均为43±8mm),而上腔和下腔肺静脉口之间的距离范围是25~46mm(平均38±7mm)。
按照这种范围,如果仅配备一个长度的本发明的摘除元件则不能治疗相当大量的原本可以治疗的病人群体。应当知道,需要一整套摘除元件装置组件,该套组件包括在固定器之间各个长度的摘除元件。例如提供一套其中包括具有各种长度的备用摘除元件的组件,其长度范围约15~70mm,最好从约25~55mm,这样便形成可以从其中进行选择的适用范围,从而可以治疗绝大多数病人。另外,还应当知道,定量的肺部血管造影术和/或经食管的超声心动扫描技术足以构成充分的诊断工具,可用于在形成长线状机能障碍治疗之前测量病人的肺静脉口之间的距离。这套组件还典型地包括个别装置适合的插件以及操作使用说明书。
在本发明的另一操作方面,接收本发明所述的形成长线状机能障碍的治疗的病人最好服用各种抗凝血剂药物例如异丙苯甲酸和/或肝素。
从上述说明应当明白,已经说明了具有较广范围的本发明的特定变型例。除上面特别说明的而外,任何普通技术人员均可以基于此说明进行另外的改变或变型而不会超出以下权利要求书的范围。
Claims (65)
1.一种组织摘除装置,适合于沿体腔壁的第一和第二预定位置之间的一段组织上形成机能障碍,该体腔壁至少部分构成病人的体腔,该装置包括:
具有近端和远端部分的细长部件;
位于远端部分的摘除元件,具有第一和第二端部,上述摘除元件在连接于摘除驱动器时适合于摘除组织;
邻接第一端部的第一固定器,该固定器适合于将第一端部固定于沿体腔壁的第一预定位置;
邻接第二端部的第二固定器,该固定器适合于将第二端部固定在沿体腔壁的第二预定位置;
因此用第一和第二固定器分别将第一和第二端部固定在第一和第二预定位置,上述摘除元件也分别适合配合和牢固地接触该段组织。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,上述第一和第二固定器中的至少一个固定器至少部分地沿上述远端部分形成,并适合于将摘除元件端部中的一个端部固定在体腔壁的口上。
3.如权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,摘除元件的第一端部沿着位于第二端部远侧的远端部分;上述第一固定器适合于沿心房壁固定在第一脉管内,上述第一固定器包括:
远端导丝轨道部件,该部件形成一个孔,该孔适合于滑动地配合导丝和在导丝上滑动进入第一脉管。
4.如权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于,上述远端导丝轨道部件包括:
远端导丝腔,至少部分位于上述远端部分内,并经第一远端导丝口和第二远端导丝口与细长部件的外部相通,第一远端导丝口沿着位于第一端部远侧的远端部分,而第二远端导丝口位于第一远端导丝口的近侧。
5.如权利要求4所述的装置,其特征在于,上述第一固定器还包括:
导丝,具有导丝近端部分、导丝远端部分和在导丝远端部分上的止动件,该止动件的直径大于第一远端导丝口;
其中,上述远端导丝腔适合于通过第一远端导丝口可滑动地接收导丝近端部分,并适合于在导丝远端部分上滑动,直至第一远端导丝口碰到止动件。
6.如权利要求4所述的装置,其特征在于,上述第一固定器还包括:
导丝,具有导丝近端部分、导丝远端部分和导丝远端部分上的止动件,该止动件的直径大于第二远端导丝口;
其中,上述导丝腔适合于可滑动地经第二远端导丝口接收导丝远端部分,直至止动件碰到第二远端导丝口。
7.如权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于,上述第一固定器还包括:
上述远端部分的可膨胀区域,该区域连接于可使膨胀区域膨胀的驱动装置,该区域在膨胀时适合于径向配合至少部分第一脉管。
8.如权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于,上述第一固定器适合于固定在沿左心房壁的第一肺静脉内。
9.如权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,上述第二固定器适合于固定在沿左心房壁的第二肺静脉中,上述第二固定器还包括:
中间导丝轨道部件,位于或靠近上述第二端,该部件适合于在第二导丝上移动,并进入第二肺静脉。
10.如权利要求9所述的装置,其特征在于,上述中间导丝轨道部件包括:
位于上述细长部件内的中间腔,该腔经第一中间导丝口以及第二中间导丝口与细长部件的外部连通,第一中间导丝口位于第二端近侧的远端部分,第二中间导丝口位于第一中间导丝口的近侧;
上述中间腔适合于经第一和第二中间导丝口可滑动地接收第二导丝,也适合于在该丝上移动。
11.如权利要求10所述的装置,其特征在于,上述第二固定器还包括:
第二导丝,具有导丝近端部分和导丝远端部分,上述导丝远端部分还具有可膨胀的止动件,该止动件的直径大于上述第一中间导丝口的直径;
其中,上述中间腔适合于经上述第一中间导丝口可滑动地接收第二导丝近端,也适合于共轴地在导丝远端部分上移动,直至第一中间导丝口碰到该止动件。
12.如权利要求10所述的装置,其特征在于,上述第二固定器包括:
第二导丝,具有导丝近端部分、导丝远端部分和在导丝远端部分上的止动件,该止动部件的直径大于第二中间导丝口;
其中,上述第二腔适合于经第二中间导丝口可滑动地接收导丝远端部分,直至该止动件碰到第二中间导丝口。
13.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,上述摘除元件包括许多电极,该电极适合于连接电源。
14.如权利要求13所述的装置,还包括射频电源,该电源适合连接于至少一个电极和向该至少一个电极提供电流。
15.如权利要求14所述的装置,还包括许多温度传感器,各个温度传感器靠近上述许多电极中的一个电极,并适合于连接于温度监测电路。
16.如权利要求15所述的装置,还包括控制电路,该控制电路适合于根据上述许多温度传感器中靠近该至少一个电极的一个传感器上监测的预定温度控制向许多电极中该至少一个电极输送的电流强度。
17.如权利要求13所述的装置,还包括:
摘除驱动线路,包括电连接上述许多电极中至少一个电极以及返回电极的射频电源,该至少一个电极和返回电极连接于病人;
控制电路,适合于监测摘除驱动线路的电学参数以及适合于根据测量的电学参数调节供给该至少一个电极的电流,上述电学参数是从下列一组电学参数选出来的:输出电压、输出电流、输出功率、阻抗、反射功率,这些参数的变化以及时间的变化率。
18.一种成套组件,用于形成长线状的机能障碍,该机能障碍具有沿体腔壁上第一和第二位置之间的组织区域的预定长度,该体腔壁至少部分构成病人的体腔,该成套组件包括:
许多摘除导管,各个摘除导管具有近端部分、远端部分、沿远端部分的具有第一和第二端部的摘除元件以及也沿远端部分的第一和第二固定器,这些固定器适合于将第一和第二端部固定于第一和第二预定位置;
各个摘除元件的长度不同于其它摘除元件的长度,因而各个摘除元件适合于形成具有预定长度的机能障碍。
19.如权利要求18所述的成套组件,其特征在于,上述许多摘除套管包括摘除元件,元件的长度在15~70mm之间变化。
20.如权利要求19所述的成套组件,其特征在于,上述许多摘除导管中的至少两个摘除导管包括摘除元件,该元件的长度相差至少30mm。
21.如权利要求18所述的成套组件,其特征在于,上述许多摘除导管中的至少一个导管包括摘除元件,该元件长度在40~45mm的范围内。
22.如权利要求18所述的成套组件,各个上述摘除导管还包括:
远端导丝轨道部件,靠近第一端部,适合于滑动地接收导丝和在该导丝上移动;
中间导丝轨道部件,靠近第二端部,适合于滑动地接收导丝,和在该导丝上移动。
23.如权利要求22所述的成套组件,包括:
至少一个导丝,适合于可滑动地配合上述远端和中间导丝轨道部件中的至少一个部件。
24.如权利要求18所述的成套组件,其特征在于,各个摘除导管的摘除元件包括至少一个电极,该电极适合于连接电源。
25.一种具有多个部分的医疗装置组件,这些部分适合于沿病人体腔内的体腔壁定位在多个预定位置,包括:
中间导丝轨道部件;
细长部件,具有近端部分、远端部分和中间部分,该中间部分包括至少一部分位于近端和远端部分之间的上述中间导丝轨道部件;
上述中间导丝轨道部分适合于可滑动地接收位于体腔内的导丝和在该导丝上移动,使得中间部分的至少一个区域位于沿体腔壁的第一预定位置。
26.如权利要求25所述的医疗装置组件,还包括:
导丝,具有纵向轴线和导丝远端部分,该导丝适合于可滑动配合中间导丝轨道部件和从中间导丝轨道部件沿中间部分伸到细长部件的外侧。
27.如权利要求26所述的医疗装置组件,其特征在于,上述导丝还包括沿导丝远端部分的止动件,该止动件的直径大于至少中间孔的一部分,该止动件适合于配合该中间孔;
其中,上述导丝具有经中间孔沿其纵轴线的运动范围,该范围受上述止动件限制。
28.如权利要求25所述的医疗装置组件,其特征在于,上述中间导丝轨道部件包括:
中间导丝腔,穿过细长部件,该腔经中间部分的第一中间导丝口和第二中间导丝口伸到细长部件的外侧,该第二导丝口位于第一中间导丝口近侧的细长部件上。
29.如权利要求25所述的医疗装置组件,其特征在于,上述远端部分包括:
远端导丝轨道部件,该部件适合于可滑动地接收位于体腔内的导丝和在该导丝上滑动,使得至少一部分远端部部分位于沿体腔壁的第二预定位置。
30.如权利要求29所述的医疗装置组件,其特征在于,上述远端导丝轨道部件还包括:
远端导丝腔,穿过细长部件,该腔经位于远端部分上的第一远端导丝口和第二远端导丝口伸到细长部件的外侧,该第二远端导丝口位于第一远端导丝口近侧的细长部件上。
31.如权利要求29所述的医疗装置组件,还包括:
第一导丝,适合于滑动配合中间导丝轨道部件;
第二导丝,适合于滑动配合远端导丝轨道部件。
32.一种将医疗装置组件的细长部件的中间部分定位在预定位置的方法,该预定位置位于从体腔壁伸出的脉管上或靠近该脉管,该体腔壁至少部分构成体腔,上述中间部分位于细长部件的近端部分和远端部分之间,并至少构成中间导丝轨道部件的一部分,该导丝轨道部件适合于滑动配合导丝和在导丝上移动,上述方法包括:
将导丝引入从体腔壁伸出的脉管内;
用导丝配合中间导丝轨道部分;
使中间导丝轨道部件在导丝上移动,直至中间部分定位在预定位置。
33.如权利要求32所述的方法,还包括将中间部分定位在预定位置之前将导丝引入心房壁上的肺静脉口内。
34.如权利要求33所述的方法,还包括:
将位于远端部分的固定器固定在体腔壁上的第二预定位置。
35.如权利要求32所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:
使导丝的远端部分经在近口和远口之间延伸的腔伸向远侧,直至导丝上径向加大的止动件碰到近端口,该腔构成中间导丝轨道部件;
使止动件移向远端,靠着近侧口,从而迫使中间导丝部件整齐地嵌入脉管内。
36.一种在一段组织上形成长线状机能障碍的方法,该段组织在沿体腔壁的第一和第二预定位置之间延伸,该体腔壁至少部分构成该体腔,该方法包括:
测量第一和第二位置之间的距离;
选择用于形成长线状机能障碍的组织摘除装置,该摘除装置具有远端部分,该远端部分包括摘除元件,具有第一和第二端部以及在其间基于测量距离的预定长度。
37.如权利要求36所述的方法,还包括:
将远端部分定位在体腔内;
将摘除元件的第一和第二端部分别固定在第一和第二预定位置;
摘除第一和第二预定位置之间的组织,从而在其间形成长线状机能障碍。
38.如权利要求36所述的方法,其特征在于,测量步骤还包括测量在病人左心房壁中两个相邻肺静脉口之间的距离。
39.如权利要求38所述的方法,还包括测量左心房壁上左下腔和左上腔肺静脉口之间或右下腔和右上腔肺静脉口之间的距离。
40.如权利要求38所述的方法,还包括测量两个相邻上腔肺静脉口之间的距离。
41.如权利要求38所述的方法,还包括:
注入辐射不透明的染料到肺动脉中;
在注入期间用X射线透视法观察肺静脉口的区域;
通过X射线荧光观察测量至少两个相邻静脉口之间的距离。
42.如权利要求38所述的方法,还包括:
用心回波法观测至少两个相邻静脉口之间的距离;
通过心回波观测测量至少两个相邻肺静脉口之间的距离。
43.一种在体腔壁的组织上形成阻断导电的区域的方法,该体腔壁至少部分构成体腔,包括:
将摘除元件的第一端部固定在沿体腔壁的第一位置;
将摘除元件的第二端部固定在沿体腔壁的第二位置;
驱动摘除元件摘除邻接摘除元件的位于第一和第二位置之间的组织。
44.如权利要求43所述的方法,还包括:
将摘除元件的第一端部固定在左心房壁上一对相邻上腔肺静脉中的一个静脉上;
将摘除元件的第二端部固定在另一个上腔静脉上;
驱动摘除元件,摘除第一和第二端部之间延伸的体腔壁上的一段组织。
45.如权利要求43所述的方法,还包括:
将摘除元件的第一端部固定在左心房壁上一对相邻上腔肺静脉中的一个静脉上;
将摘除元件的第二端部固定在相邻下腔的肺静脉口上;
驱动摘除元件,摘除第一和第二端部之间延伸的沿体腔壁的一段组织。
46.如权利要求43所述的装置,还包括:
将摘除元件的第一端部固定在另一个上腔肺静脉上;
将摘除元件的第二端部固定于靠近该另一个上腔肺静脉口的下腔肺静脉口上;
驱动摘除元件,摘除在第一和第二端部之间延伸的沿体腔壁的一段组织。
47.如权利要求43所述的方法,还包括:
将摘除元件的第一端部固定在一对相邻上腔肺静脉中的一个静脉上或一对相邻下腔肺静脉中的一个静脉上;
将摘除元件的第二端部固定在二尖瓣环上,或靠近该环配置;
摘除第一和第二端部之间的长线状组织区域。
48.如权利要求43所述的方法,还包括:将摘除元件的第一端固定在一对相邻下腔肺静脉中的一个静脉上;
将摘除元件的第二端部固定在另一个下腔肺静脉上;
摘除第一端部和第二端部之间长线状组织区域。
49.一种组织摘除装置组件,包括:
细长部件,具有近端部分、包括细长摘除元件的远端部分以及由上述近端部分和至少一部分包含细长摘除元件的远端部分构成的导管通道,上述导管通道具有近侧通管丝口,该口适合于接收刚韧的通管丝;
刚韧的通管丝具有远端通管丝部分,该部分经近侧通管丝口可滑动地插入到导管通道内,并可定位在细长摘除元件区域上的导管通道内;
上述刚韧的通管丝在导管通道内具有有限的运动范围,使得它不能移到远端部分的远侧,上述钢韧通管丝还具有一定形状的部分,当此一定形状的部分位于远端部分中时,该一定形状的部分将预定形状加在摘除元件的至少一部分上,使得具有预定形状的摘除元件的一部分适合于按预定形状可靠接触体腔壁上的组织的结构。
50.如权利要求49所述的组织摘除装置组件,其特征在于,具有预定形状的一部分摘除元件适合于可靠地接触下腔肺静脉口和二尖瓣环之间的一段曲线组织。
51.如权利要求49所述的组织摘除装置组件,其特征在于,上述钢韧通管丝是可扭转的,使得其具有一定形状的部分适合于沿体腔壁调节具有一定形状的一部分摘除元件的位置。
52.如权利要求49所述的组织摘除装置组件,其特征在于,上述摘除元件具有第一和第二端部;上述远端部分还包括靠近第一端部的第一固定器,该固定器适合于将第一端部固定在体腔壁上的第一位置。
53.如权利要求52所述的组织摘除装置组件,其特征在于,上述钢韧通管丝适合于将第二端部定位在体腔壁上的第二位置。
54.如权利要求52所述的组织摘除装置组件,还包括:
第二固定器,靠近摘除元件的第二端部,适合于将第二端部固定在体腔壁上的第二位置。
55.如权利要求54所述的组织摘除装置组件,其特征在于,摘除元件是第一摘除元件,还包括:
第二摘除元件,位于第一摘除元件近侧的细长部件上,具有靠近第二固定器的第一端部和相对的第二端部;
上述钢韧通管丝适合于将第二摘除元件的第二端部固定在体腔壁上的第三预定位置。
56.如权利要求54所述的组织摘除装置组件,其特征在于,上述第一和第二固定器中的至少一个固定器包括导丝轨道部件,该部件形成一个具有第一和第二导丝口的孔,该部件适合于可滑动地经第一和第二导丝口将导丝引入上述孔中。
57.如权利要求54所述的组织摘除装置组件,其特征在于,上述第一和第二固定器中的至少一个固定器包括可膨胀部件,该部件适合于配合脉管壁。
58.一种组织摘除装置组件,包括:
细长部件,具有近端部分、远端部分和中间部分,该远端部分具有远端导丝轨道部件,该部件形成一个具有第一和第二导丝口的孔,并适合于配合经上述第一和第二导丝口的各个口接收的导丝,上述中间部分位于近端和远端部分之间,其刚性显著小于近端和远端部分,上述近端部分和上述中间部分至少形成一部分导管通道,该通道包括适合于接收刚韧通管丝的近端通管丝口;
具有通管丝远端的刚韧通管丝,该远端适合于滑动地移过上述导管通道和定位在中间部分的区域内。
59.如权利要求58所述的组织摘除装置组件,其特征在于,上述刚韧的通管丝可滑动地配合在导管通道内,在其中具有有限的运动范围,使得当导丝配合远端导丝轨道部件时该通管丝不能移到远端部分的远侧。
60.如权利要求58所述的组织摘除装置组件,还包括:
摘除元件,位于沿中间部分的至少一个位置。
61.一种组织摘除装置组件,包括:
细长部件,具有近端部分和远端部分,该远端部分包括具有一定长度的细长摘除元件,还包括沿摘除元件长度的至少一个固定器,该固定器适合于将摘除元件固定在靠近上述固定器的组织区域上。
62.如权利要求61所述的组织摘除装置组件,其特征在于,在摘除元件区域的近端部分和远端部分一起至少形成一部分导管通道;
上述固定器包括在一段摘除元件上的流体口,上述导管通道经该流体口与细长部件的外部连通,该流体口经上述导管通道连接于真空源;
因而可将真空源的抽吸作用加在流体口上,上述摘除元件适合于接触靠近流体口的组织并固定于该组织。
63.如权利要求62所述的组织摘除装置组件,还包括沿摘除元件长度配置的许多上述流体口。
64.如权利要求63所述的组织摘除装置组件,其特征在于,上述摘除元件包括许多电气上连接于电源的许多摘除电极。
65.如权利要求64所述的组织摘除装置组件,其特征在于,各个上述流体口配置在细长部件上,位于相邻摘除电极之间。
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US08/853,861 US5971983A (en) | 1997-05-09 | 1997-05-09 | Tissue ablation device and method of use |
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- 1998-05-11 CN CNB988060590A patent/CN1181790C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-05-11 AU AU74790/98A patent/AU748537B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-05-11 EP EP98922187A patent/EP0975271B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-05-11 AT AT98922187T patent/ATE304322T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-05-11 DE DE69831562T patent/DE69831562T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-05-11 IL IL13282898A patent/IL132828A0/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-05-11 JP JP54857498A patent/JP4113592B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-05-11 CA CA002289639A patent/CA2289639C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US9216055B2 (en) | 2009-08-05 | 2015-12-22 | Scr Inc. | Systems, devices and methods for treating the heart with ablation |
US9504523B2 (en) | 2009-08-05 | 2016-11-29 | Scr Inc. | Systems and methods for treating the heart with ablation |
US9713495B2 (en) | 2009-08-05 | 2017-07-25 | Lanark Medical Products | Systems and methods for treating the heart with ablation |
CN103052363A (zh) * | 2010-08-03 | 2013-04-17 | 美敦力 | 低温医学地图测绘以及处理器械 |
US9539046B2 (en) | 2010-08-03 | 2017-01-10 | Medtronic Cryocath Lp | Cryogenic medical mapping and treatment device |
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CN110151172A (zh) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-08-23 | 深圳市惠泰医疗器械有限公司 | 冠状窦空间弯标测电极导管 |
CN113823161A (zh) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-12-21 | 山东静禾医疗科技有限公司 | 双通道式介入手术模拟装置及模拟控制方法 |
CN113823161B (zh) * | 2021-09-22 | 2023-02-28 | 山东静禾医疗科技有限公司 | 双通道式介入手术模拟装置及模拟控制方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4740265B2 (ja) | 2011-08-03 |
DE69831562D1 (de) | 2005-10-20 |
IL132828A0 (en) | 2001-03-19 |
EP0975271A1 (en) | 2000-02-02 |
US20030055422A1 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
CN1181790C (zh) | 2004-12-29 |
ATE304322T1 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
AU7479098A (en) | 1998-11-27 |
JP4113592B2 (ja) | 2008-07-09 |
CA2289639A1 (en) | 1998-11-12 |
US20050159742A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
JP2001525695A (ja) | 2001-12-11 |
US6471697B1 (en) | 2002-10-29 |
BR9809258A (pt) | 2000-06-27 |
WO1998049957A1 (en) | 1998-11-12 |
JP2008161694A (ja) | 2008-07-17 |
DE69831562T2 (de) | 2006-07-20 |
US6855144B2 (en) | 2005-02-15 |
AU748537B2 (en) | 2002-06-06 |
EP0975271B1 (en) | 2005-09-14 |
US5971983A (en) | 1999-10-26 |
CA2289639C (en) | 2006-07-11 |
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