CN108697108B - 无菌蛋白质饮料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/02—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation containing fruit or vegetable juices
- A23L2/08—Concentrating or drying of juices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
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- A23L2/46—Preservation of non-alcoholic beverages by heating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
- A23L2/56—Flavouring or bittering agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
通过将饮料成分混合在一起来制备无菌饮料产品。该饮料成分包括蛋白质源,诸如乳蛋白质浓缩物,和至少一种缓冲剂,其中该至少一种缓冲剂包括小苏打。优选地,该至少一种缓冲剂还包括柠檬汁浓缩物。使用至少一种缓冲剂将饮料成分的pH调节至6.7‑7.0的水平。然后将饮料成分加热至至少139℃,并且该至少一种缓冲剂防止蛋白质源在加热过程中沉淀。然后,将饮料成分包装为多种无菌饮料产品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及饮料产品,并且更具体地,涉及缓冲体系在蛋白质饮料产品中的用途。
背景技术
当大规模生产、包装和销售饮料产品时,会出现以较小规模生产饮料产品时可能不存在的某些问题。例如,会发生沉淀或形成凝胶,这会在加工过程中引起困难或导致最终产品具有被消费者认为不受欢迎的稠度或口感。这些问题在制造蛋白质饮料时特别普遍,特别是依赖于以乳作为蛋白质源的蛋白质饮料。此外,在制造食品时一个越来越受欢迎的目标是食品符合“清洁标签”标准,即该食品所列的成分是消费者可识别的。迄今为止,克服上述问题已经与对清洁标签的需求相冲突。因此,本领域需要一种在不使用不符合清洁标签标准的成分的情况下,防止在饮料产品中发生诸如沉淀或形成凝胶的问题的方法。
发明内容
本发明涉及无菌饮料产品和制备无菌饮料产品的方法。为了制备无菌饮料产品,将饮料成分混合在一起。饮料成分包括蛋白质源(优选蛋白质浓缩物)和至少一种缓冲剂,其中该至少一种缓冲剂包括小苏打。优选地,该至少一种缓冲剂还包括柠檬汁浓缩物。使用至少一种缓冲剂调节饮料成分的pH。然后加热该饮料成分,并且该至少一种缓冲剂防止蛋白质浓缩物在加热过程中沉淀。然后,将该饮料成分包装为多种无菌饮料产品。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将饮料成分的pH调节至6.7-7.0,更优选6.8-6.9的范围内。另外,蛋白质浓缩物是乳蛋白质浓缩物,并且饮料成分还包括杏仁奶油和香草香精、巧克力香精或可可粉。优选地,加热饮料成分包括通过直接蒸汽注入加热饮料成分。
从以下优选实施例的详细描述中,本发明的其他目的、特征和优点将容易地变得更加显而易见。
具体实施方式
本文公开了本发明的详细实施方案。但是,应当理解,所公开的实施例仅仅是本发明的示例,其可以以各种形式和替代形式体现。附图不一定按比例绘制,并且一些特征可能被扩大或最小化以显示具体组分的细节。因而,本文公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释为限制,而仅仅作为教导本领域技术人员采用本发明的代表性基础。此外,当指定性能数值时,该数值旨在涵盖+/-5%的数值范围。当使用修饰语“约”时,范围增加到+/-10%。例如,指定“100℃”的温度包括95℃-105℃的范围,“约100℃”包括90℃-110℃的范围。
关于本发明,开发了无菌饮料,其含有作为基质的杏仁乳和乳蛋白质源,优选乳蛋白质浓缩物。在扩大规模过程中,当使用直接加热时,发现了一些功能问题。特别地,发现蛋白质沉淀和凝胶形成作为直接蒸汽注入的结果而发生。不受任何特定理论的束缚,目前的理解是这些问题是由于胶与来自乳蛋白质浓缩物的钙的相互作用。令人惊讶的是,当添加缓冲剂时,饮料的热稳定性增加,结果是得到没有观察到沉淀的稳定饮料。对于两种不同的杏仁乳/乳蛋白质浓缩物饮料香料:香草和巧克力,这些结果如下表1所示。使用的缓冲剂是柠檬酸钾。
表1:
关于添加缓冲剂,在对饮料热处理之前,使用缓冲剂将饮料的pH调节到特定点是有利的。在本发明为杏仁饮料的情况下,最大热稳定性在6.8-6.9的pH范围内。更一般地,取决于具体的饮料制剂,杏仁饮料在6.7-7.0的pH范围内是热稳定的。但是,在6.3-6.6的pH范围内,热稳定性被认为是差的。为了验证该测定,测试了饮料的热稳定性,并且更具体地,测试了乳浓缩物的热稳定性。乳(或乳浓缩物)的热稳定性是指在没有可见的絮凝、沉淀、凝结或凝胶化的情况下,乳承受非常高的温度(例如,超高温处理或蒸煮杀菌)的能力。对于香草和巧克力杏仁饮料制剂,热稳定性测试的结果显示在下表2和3中。在加热之前,添加发酵粉或柠檬汁浓缩物以将pH调节至所需范围。
表2:
表3:
如上所述,最初使用的缓冲剂是柠檬酸钾。但是,含有柠檬酸钾的饮料不符合清洁标签标准。为了生产符合清洁标签标准的稳定饮料,将塔塔粉(酒石酸氢钾)和发酵粉(典型地为小苏打(碳酸氢钠)和一种或多种其他酸盐)添加到饮料中以防止乳蛋白质沉淀。不幸的是,发现这些成分中的每一种都不能防止蛋白质沉淀。关于塔塔粉,确定即使在热处理之前,在饮料中添加塔塔粉也导致形成小结块。由于塔塔粉也是一种缓冲剂,这些努力的一个结果是发现并非所有的缓冲剂都能有效地防止蛋白质沉淀。还应注意,发酵粉的成分(即小苏打和其他酸盐)起缓冲剂的作用。尽管表2和表3确实表明某些制剂没有显示结块或沉淀,但这些制剂不稳定。相反,该制剂简单地落入某一pH范围内。因此,pH的波动能导致结块或沉淀。幸运的是,某些缓冲剂确实可以产生稳定的饮料。特别地,单独的小苏打和小苏打与柠檬汁浓缩物的组合都满足清洁标签标准并且在饮料的直接加热期间有效防止蛋白质沉淀。这些结果显示在下表4和5中。关于小苏打和柠檬汁浓缩物,该组合的有效性至少部分归因于原位产生柠檬酸钠。柠檬酸钠是缓冲剂,在这种情况下,其通过碳酸氢钠(即小苏打)与柠檬汁浓缩物中的柠檬酸反应产生。
表4:
表5:
除了上述之外,还确定更长时间的水合或均质化步骤是有利的,因为它确保了成分的适当溶解。由于一些成分(诸如杏仁奶油)具有非常低的热稳定性,因此成分的适当溶解改善了饮料的整体热稳定性。当在制造地点时,采取适当的水合和溶解步骤以确保产品是安全的,例如高剪切混合、基于所用成分的预定水合时间、热处理控制和使成分均匀的方案。以这种方式,避免了可能导致饮料的pH波动至发生沉淀的“危险区域”的破坏性因素(诸如成分、城市用水等的pH值的变化)。
关于根据本发明的制备饮料产品的方法,首先将饮料成分混合在一起。这些饮料成分包括蛋白质浓缩物和至少一种缓冲剂。但是,应该认识到,各种可能的饮料成分是本领域已知的并且可与本发明一起使用。示例性的饮料制剂在下面的表6和7中提供。具体地,表6提供了用于香草杏仁饮料的制剂,并且表7提供了用于巧克力杏仁饮料的制剂。选择使用的至少一种缓冲剂的量以便在混合时(和任何热处理之前)提供所需的pH。关于本发明的杏仁饮料,所需的pH范围优选为6.7-7.0。此外,在优选的杏仁饮料制剂中,蛋白质浓缩物是乳蛋白质浓缩物,并且该至少一种缓冲剂是小苏打或小苏打和柠檬汁浓缩物。混合后,对饮料成分进行热处理。该热处理包括将饮料成分加热至至少139℃,该至少一种缓冲剂用于在加热期间防止蛋白质沉淀和凝胶形成。优选地,热处理包括通过直接蒸汽注入来加热饮料成分。在热处理之后,所得饮料可以包装为多种单独的饮料产品。例如,这种包装可以采用包括纸箱或瓶子的各种形式。
表6
仅小苏打 | 小苏打和柠檬汁 | |
成分 | % | % |
水 | 85.41175 | 85.41175 |
糖 | 6.3 | 6.3 |
乳蛋白质浓缩物 | 4.885 | 4.885 |
杏仁奶油 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
菜籽油 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
香草香精 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
卡拉胶 | 0.119 | 0.119 |
卵磷脂 | 0.079 | 0.079 |
结冷胶 | 0.055 | 0.055 |
小苏打 | 0.02 | 0.08 |
消泡剂 | 0.00025 | 0.00025 |
柠檬汁浓缩物 | 0 | 0.1 |
表7:
仅小苏打 | 小苏打和柠檬汁 | |
成分 | % | % |
水 | 84.77175 | 84.77175 |
糖 | 6.3 | 6.3 |
乳蛋白质浓缩物 | 4.485 | 4.485 |
杏仁奶油 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
可可粉 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
菜籽油 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
巧克力香精 | 0.24 | 0.24 |
卡拉胶 | 0.119 | 0.119 |
卵磷脂 | 0.079 | 0.079 |
结冷胶 | 0.055 | 0.055 |
小苏打 | 0.036 | 0.08 |
消泡剂 | 0.00025 | 0.00025 |
柠檬汁浓缩物 | 0 | 0.066 |
尽管以上提供了示例性饮料制剂,但应该认识到,本发明可以与其中存在蛋白质沉淀或凝胶形成问题的其他饮料一起使用。类似地,例如,添加的缓冲剂的量将基于添加缓冲剂之前的蛋白质的量和饮料的pH而变化。在任何情况下,显而易见的是,本发明防止在饮料产品中发生沉淀和形成凝胶,同时仍允许这些饮料产品满足清洁标签标准。尽管参考优选实施方式进行了描述,但应该容易理解,在不脱离本发明精神的情况下,可以对本发明进行各种改变或修改。通常,本发明仅旨在受以下权利要求的范围限制。
Claims (15)
1.制备无菌饮料产品的方法,包括:
将饮料成分进行混合,其中所述饮料成分包括蛋白质源和至少一种缓冲剂,所述至少一种缓冲剂包括小苏打和柠檬汁浓缩物,其中混合所述饮料成分包括使用至少一种缓冲剂将所述饮料成分的pH调节至6.7-7.0的水平;
将所述饮料成分加热至至少139℃,所述至少一种缓冲剂防止所述蛋白质源在加热过程中沉淀;和
将所述饮料成分包装为多种无菌饮料产品。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中调节所述饮料成分的pH包括使用至少一种缓冲剂将所述饮料成分的pH调节至6.8-6.9的水平。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中所述蛋白质源是乳蛋白质源。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中所述乳蛋白质源是乳蛋白质浓缩物。
5.权利要求4的方法,其中所述饮料成分还包括杏仁奶油。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中所述饮料成分还包括香草香精、巧克力香精或可可粉。
7.权利要求4的方法,其中加热所述饮料成分包括通过直接蒸汽注入来加热所述饮料成分。
8.权利要求1的方法,其中所述至少一种缓冲剂由小苏打和柠檬汁浓缩物组成。
9.饮料成分的混合物,包括:
蛋白质源;和
至少一种缓冲剂,所述至少一种缓冲剂包括小苏打和柠檬汁浓缩物,其中在将所述混合物加热至至少139℃的温度期间,将所述至少一种缓冲剂配置成防止蛋白质源沉淀,并且其中在将所述混合物加热至至少139℃之前,所述混合物的pH为6.7-7.0。
10.权利要求9的混合物,其中,在将所述混合物加热至至少139℃之前,所述混合物的pH为6.8-6.9。
11.权利要求10的混合物,其中所述蛋白质源是乳蛋白质源。
12.权利要求11的混合物,其中所述乳蛋白质源是乳蛋白质浓缩物。
13.权利要求12的混合物,其中所述混合物还包括杏仁奶油。
14.权利要求13的混合物,其中所述混合物还包括香草香精、巧克力香精或可可粉。
15.权利要求9的混合物,其中所述至少一种缓冲剂由小苏打和柠檬汁浓缩物组成。
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