CN1071110C - 一种用于刷牙的制剂 - Google Patents
一种用于刷牙的制剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1071110C CN1071110C CN89109474A CN89109474A CN1071110C CN 1071110 C CN1071110 C CN 1071110C CN 89109474 A CN89109474 A CN 89109474A CN 89109474 A CN89109474 A CN 89109474A CN 1071110 C CN1071110 C CN 1071110C
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- China
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- acid
- agent
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- antibacterial
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- ANOBYBYXJXCGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L stannous fluoride Chemical compound F[Sn]F ANOBYBYXJXCGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960002799 stannous fluoride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001909 styrene-acrylic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000012976 tarts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WGIWBXUNRXCYRA-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical class [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O WGIWBXUNRXCYRA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940099259 vaseline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
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Abstract
一种用于刷牙的制剂,它包括卤代二苯醚、磨光剂、增稠剂、载体、多聚磷酸盐以及抗菌增强剂。
Description
这项发明与抗细菌、抗菌齿斑、抗牙垢口腔组合物有关,特别是有关含多聚磷酸盐抗牙垢剂和兼容性的能有效地抑制菌齿斑的抗菌剂的口腔组合物,在有抗菌增强剂的存在下,抗菌齿斑作用最佳,这种抗菌增强剂可以促进所说的抗菌剂的传送并将其保留于口腔表面。
在Gaflar等的美国专利4,627,977号,Parren等的4,515,772号,Parran的4,323,551号中,口腔组合物都含有不同种类的多聚磷酸盐化合物。在Gaffar等的专利中,线性脱水多聚磷酸盐分子将一种氟化物离子源和一种合成线性多聚羧酸酯连结起来以抑制牙垢形成。根据共同未决欧洲专利申请892007105号,在与氟化物离子源结合时减少线性脱水多聚磷酸盐分子的量并增加线性多聚羧酸盐的量,抗牙垢剂的效果会更好。
在Parran等及Parran的专利中,水溶的二碱金属焦磷酸盐可以单独使用,也可以与四碱金属焦磷酸盐混合使用。
抑制牙齿表面牙垢形成的口腔组合物是完全需要的,因为牙垢是引起牙周炎的因素之一;因此它的减少就促进了口腔卫生。
菌齿斑是牙垢的前体。与牙垢不同的是,菌齿斑可以在牙齿表面的任何部位形成,特别是在牙龈边缘。这样,除了不雅观以外,它还与牙龈炎的出现有关。
因此,在含抗牙垢剂的口腔组合物中加入已知的可以减少菌齿斑的抗菌剂也是完全可行的。这在Vinson等的美国专利4,022,550号中就有记录:一种可以提供锌离子的化合物作为抗牙垢剂与一种有效抑制齿斑细菌生长的抗菌剂混合。许多抗菌剂都是含阳离子的锌类化合物,如胍类和季胺类化合物,也有一些是非阳离子化合物诸如卤化水杨酰苯胺和卤化羟基二苯醚。
迄今,阳离子抗菌物质如氯己啶及十六烷基吡啶鎓氯化物一直是抗细菌抗菌齿斑剂的主要研究对象。然而,尽管它们可用于连结含锌抗牙垢剂,当它们与如多磷酸盐等阴离子抗牙垢剂一起使用时,其效果不佳。这种无效很难理解,因为多磷酸盐是螯合剂,螯合作用以前被认为是可以增加阳离子抗菌剂效能的。(见《消毒、灭菌和防腐》、笫二版,Black,1977年,915页;和《微生物细胞的抑制和破坏》,Hogo,1971年,笫215页)。在Parran的美国专利4,323,551号中季胺化合物用于含焦磷酸盐的抑制菌齿斑漱口水,Parran等的美国专利4,515,772中二双缩胍抗菌齿斑制剂可以用于抗牙垢焦磷酸盐口腔组合物中。
考虑到以多磷酸盐作抗牙垢剂时与阳离子抗菌剂的令人惊异的不兼容性,其它抗菌剂是不大可能有作用的。
该发明的一个优点是,某些抗菌剂在抗牙垢口腔组合物中是有效的,这些口腔组合物含有线性分子的脱水多磷酸盐,氟化物离子源和前面提到的可以抑制菌齿斑形成的抗菌增效剂。
该发明的另一更重要的优点是,提供了一个可以有效地减少牙垢形成并以最佳途径减少菌齿斑的制剂。
该发明还有一个优点是提供了一个抗菌齿斑、抗牙垢的口腔组合物,它可以有效地减少牙周炎的发生。
通过以下的说明,该发明的其它优点将很明显地显示出来。
依照本发明的某些方面,本发明涉及一种口腔组合物,这种口腔组合物含有口腔可以接受的载体;抗牙垢有效量的以下物质:约0.1~3%(重量)的作为抗牙垢剂的至少一种线性脱水多磷酸盐;有效抗菌齿斑量的基本水不溶性的非阳离子抗菌剂以及最好达4%(重量)的抗菌增强剂,这种抗菌增强剂可以增强所说的抗菌剂传送到并保留在口腔表面,其中抗菌增强剂与多磷酸盐离子的比例一般是大于0.72∶1而小于4∶1,比如从约1∶1到约3.5∶1,特别是1.6∶1至2.7∶1;较可取的是1.7∶1至2.3∶1,最可取的是从1.9∶1至2∶1。例如,当2%焦磷酸四钠盐(TSPP)(约有1.3%焦磷酸盐离子)及2.5%的抗菌增强剂存在时,那么所需最佳的重量比为1.9∶1。
如果特别考虑到抗牙垢剂的功效、安全性和形式的话,抗菌剂的典型例子如下:
卤化二苯醚
2′,4,4′-三氯-2-羟基二苯醚(Triclosan)
2,2 ′-二羟基-5,5 ′-二溴二苯醚
卤化水杨酰苯胺
4 ′,5-二溴水杨酰苯胺
3,4′,5-三氯水杨酰苯胺
3,4′5-三溴水杨酰苯胺
2,3,3 ′,5-四氯水杨酰苯胺
3,3,3′,5-四氯水杨酰苯胺
3,5-二溴-3 ′-三氟甲基水杨酰苯胺
5-正辛酰基-3′-三氟水杨酰苯胺
3,5-二溴-4′-三氟甲基水杨酰苯胺(氟苯)
苯甲酯
甲基-对-羟基苯甲酯
乙基-对-羟基苯甲酯
正丙基-对-羟基苯甲酯
丁基-对-羟基苯甲酯
卤化对称二苯脲
3,4,4′-三氯对称二苯脲
3-三氟甲基-4,4′-二氯对称二苯脲
3,3,4 ′-三氯对称二苯脲
酚类化合物(包括酚类及其同系物,单烷基或多烷基及芳香卤例如,氟、氯、溴、碘)代酚,间苯二酚、邻苯二酚和它们的衍生物和双酚类化合物)。这样的酚类化合物包括以下:
酚类及其同系物
苯酚
2-甲基苯酚
3-甲基苯酚
4-甲基苯酚
4-乙基苯酚
2,4-二甲基苯酚
2,5-二甲基苯酚
3,4-二甲基苯酚
2,6-二甲基苯酚
4-正丙基苯酚
4-正丁基苯酚
4-正戊基苯酚
4-叔戊基苯酚
4-正己基苯酚
4-正庚基苯酚
2-甲氧基-4-(2-丙烯基)-苯酚(丁子香酚)
2-异丙基-5-甲基苯酚(麝香草酚)
单烷基、多烷基和芳烷基卤代酚
甲基-对-氯苯酚
乙基-对-氯苯酚
正丙基-对-氯苯酚
正丁基-对-氯苯酚
正戊基-对-氯苯酚
2-戊基-对-氯苯酚
正乙基-对-氯苯酚
环己基-对-氯酚
正庚基-对-氯酚
正辛基-对-氯酚
邻位氯苯酚
甲基-邻-氯苯酚
乙基-邻-氯苯酚
正丙基-邻-氯苯酚
正丁基-邻-氯苯酚
正戊基-邻-氯苯酚
叔戊基-邻-氯苯酚
正己基-邻-氯苯酚
正庚基-邻-氯酚
对位氯苯酚
邻-苄基-对-氯酚
邻-苄基-间甲基-对-氯苯酚
邻-苄基-间、间-二甲基-对-氯苯酚
邻-苯乙基-对-氯苯酚
邻-苯乙基-间-甲基-对-氯酚
3-甲基-对-氯苯酚
3,5-二甲基-对-氯苯酚
6-乙基-3-甲基-对-氯苯酚
6-正丙基-3-甲基-对-氯苯酚
6-异丙基-3-甲基-对-氯苯酚
2-乙基-3.5-二甲基-对-氯苯酚
6-仲丁基-3-甲基-对-氯苯酚
2-异丙基-3.5-二甲基-对-氯苯酚
6-二乙基甲基-3-甲基-对-氯苯酚
6-异丙基-2-乙基-3-甲基-对-氯苯酚
2-仲戊基-3,5-二甲基-对-氯苯酚
2-二乙基甲基-3,5-二甲基-对-氯苯酚
6-仲辛基-3-甲基-对-氯苯酚
对位溴苯酚
甲基-对-溴酚
乙基-对-溴酚
正丙基-对-溴酚
正丁基-对-溴酚
正戊基-对-溴酚
仲戊基-对-溴酚
正己基-对-溴酚
环己基-对-溴酚
邻位溴苯酚
叔戊基-邻-溴苯酚
正己基-邻-溴苯酚
正己基-间-间-二甲基-邻-溴苯酚
2-苯基酚
4-氯-2-甲基苯酚
4-氯-3-甲基苯酚
4-3.5-二甲基苯酚
2,4-二氯-3,5-二甲基苯酚
3,4,5,6-四溴-2-甲基苯酚
5-甲基-2-苯基酚
4-异丙基-3-甲基苯酚
5-氯-2-羟基二苯甲烷
间苯二酚及其衍生物
间苯二酚
甲基间苯二酚
乙基间苯二酚
正丙基间苯二酚
正丁基间苯二酚
正戊基间苯二酚
正己基间苯二酚
正庚基间苯二酚
正辛基间苯二酚
正壬基间苯二酚
苯基间苯二酚
苄基间苯二酚
苯乙基间苯二酚
苯丙基间苯二酚
对-氯苯基间苯二酚
5-氯-2,4-二羟基二苯甲烷
4 ′-氯-2,4-二羟基二苯甲烷
5-溴-2,4-二羟基二苯甲烷
4 ′-溴-2,4-二羟基二苯甲烷
双酚类化合物
双酚A
2,2 ′-亚甲基双(4-氯酚)
2,2 ′-亚甲基双(3,4,6-三氯苯酚)(六氯苯)
2,2 ′-亚甲基双(4-氯-6-溴苯酚)
双(2-羟基-3,5-二氯苯酚)硫醚
双(2-羟基-5-氯苄基)硫醚
口腔组合物中抗菌剂的量是能有效地抗菌齿斑的量,一般是0.01-5%(重量),以0.03-1%为好,0.25-0.5%更好,以0.25-0.35%为最好。抗菌剂基本是水不溶性的,即在25℃条件下它在水中的溶解度少于1%(重量),或者甚至可少于0.1%。若有一种可离解基团存在,那么其可溶性就取决于在哪个PH条件下离子化作用不发生。
较好的卤化二苯醚是Triclosan(2,4,4′-三氯-2′-羟基二苯醚)。较好的酚类化合物是苯酚,2,2′-亚甲基双(4-氯-6-溴苯酚),百里香酚和丁子香酚。最佳的抗菌性抗斑化合物是Triolosan。Triclosan见于前面提到的美国专利4,022,880号中作抗菌剂与提供锌离子的抗牙垢剂一起使用,在德国专利3532860中Triclosan与含铜化合物一起使用,它还可以在牙膏配方中作为抗牙垢剂以形成片层间隙小于6.0nm的片状液晶表面活抗剂,在已公开的Lane等人的欧洲专利申请0161898中,它还可选择性地含有一种锌盐,而在Saxfon的人的欧洲专利申请0161899号中,牙膏中则含有三水合柠檬酸锌。
线性分子的脱水多磷酸盐作为抗牙垢剂是熟知的,它们以其全部或部分的中性水溶性碱金属(如钾、最好是钠)盐或铵盐,或它们的混合物的形成被利用,代表性的例子有六偏磷酸钠、多磷酸三钠、二酸或二钠、单酸三钠和焦磷酸四钠盐,对应的钾盐类等。线性多聚磷酸盐对应于分子式(NaPO3)n,这里n约为2-125。在这项发明中它们在口腔组合物中的大约重量为0.1-3%,典型的是1-2.5%,最典型的是1.5-2%。当(NaPO3)n中n至少为3时,所说的多磷酸盐性质似玻璃。
最好的抗牙垢剂是焦磷酸四碱金属盐,包括它们的混合物,如焦磷酸四钠、焦磷酸四钾及其混合物。这样口腔组合物可含有多磷酸盐抗牙垢剂,这种抗牙垢剂基本上不含有焦磷酸四钠或不含有焦磷酸四钾与焦磷酸四钠的混合物,在这混合物中焦磷酸钾与焦磷酸钠的比为3∶1或高于3∶1。含有重量为口腔组合物2%的焦磷酸四钠作抗牙垢剂最为有效。
抗菌增强剂(AEA)可以促进所说的抗菌剂输送到并保留在口腔表面,当其用量为口腔组合物重量的0.05%-4%时可以有效地起促进作用,而用0.1%-3%时效果更好,0.5%-2.5%(重量)用量时效果最佳。
AEA可以是单一化合物,可聚合单体较好,多聚物最好;后者是一笼统概念,包括诸如寡聚体、均聚体、两种或多种单体的共聚体,等离子体,区段共聚体,移植共聚体,交叉聚合体和共聚体等。AEA可以是天然的或人工合成的,水不溶性的或最好是水(唾液)溶性或可溶胀的(可水合,形成水凝胶)。它的平均分子量约为100至1,000,000,以1000至1,000,000更可取,2,000或2,5000至250,000或500,000最佳。
AEA通常有至少一个增强输送基团,这个基团最好是酸性的如磺酸或磷酸,以磷酸、羧酸为佳,或是它们的盐,例如,碱金属盐和铵盐,AEA还有至少一个增强保留的有机基团,最好是兼有增强输送与增强保留两者作用的基团,后者符合-(X)n-R式,这里X为O,N,S,SO,SO2,P,PO,Si等,R是疏水烷基、烯基、酰基、芳基、烷芳基、芳烷基、杂环或它们的惰性取代物,n为0或1或更大。这里所说的“惰性取代物”是指包括在R基上的取代物,一般是非亲水性的不显著干扰AEA促进抗菌剂传送到并保留在口腔表面的功能的取代物,如卤素(氯、溴、碘)和碳等。这类增强保留基团列表说明如下:
n | X | -(X)nR |
01 | ---ONSSOSO2PPO | 甲基、乙基、正丙基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、环己基、烯丙基、苄基、苯基、苯基、氯苯基、甲苄基、吡啶基、呋喃、乙酰基、苯甲酰、丁酰基、对苯二酰等乙氧基、苄氧基、硫代乙酰氧基、苯氧基、羰乙氧基、羰苄氧基等乙氨基、二乙氨基、丙酰胺基、苄氨基、苄氧酰胺基、苯乙酰氨基等硫代丁基、硫代异丁基、硫代烯丙基、硫代苄基、硫代苯基、硫代丙酰基、苯基硫代乙酰基、硫代苯甲酰等丁基硫氧基、烯丙基硫氧基、苄基硫氧基、苯基硫氧基等丁基磺酰基、烯丙基磺酰基、苄基磺酰基、苯基磺酰基等二乙基膦基、乙基·乙烯基膦、甲基·烯丙基膦、甲基·苄基膦、甲基·苯基膦等二乙基膦、乙基·乙烯基膦、甲基·烯丙基膦、甲基·苄基膦、甲基·苯基膦等 |
Si | 三甲基甲硅烷、二甲基丁基甲硅烷、二甲基苄基甲硅烷、二甲基乙烯基甲硅烷、二甲基烯丙基甲硅烷等 |
这里所用的输送增强基团是指粘着性地附着在AEA(携带抗菌剂)或将AEA与口腔表面(牙或牙床)连结,从而将抗菌剂传送到这些表面。增强保留有机基团一般是疏水的,将抗菌剂附着或粘着于AEA,这样就促进了抗菌剂在AEA上的保留,并间接地促进了它在口腔表面的存留。在某些情况下,抗菌剂的附着发生在AEA对它的物理截留整个过程中,特别是当AEA是交联多聚物时,它们的构为这种截留提供了更多的位点。高分子量、交联聚合物中更疏水的交联部分能进一步促进抗菌剂与交联AEA聚合物的物理截留。
AEA最好是由含重复单位的主链或骨架构成的阴离子聚合物,这种重复单位最好是有至少一个碳原子和至少一个直接或间接悬挂的一价输送增强基团和至少一个与主链上原子(最好是碳原子)成对、邻近或结合的增强保留基团。较不可取的是带有增强输送基团和/或增强保留基团和/或其它二价原子或基团的多聚物,因为它们在多聚物链中不与碳原子连结,或是除与碳原子连结外与交联部分连结。
应该了解,这里所说的AEA若不带有促进输送与促进保留两种基团,可以并应该以已知方式对其进行化学修饰以得到含有这两种基团的较好AEA,更可取的是含有多个这两种基团的AEA。在较可取的多聚AEA中,为了最大限度地将抗菌剂输送到口腔表面,含有酸性促进输送基团的主链或骨架中的重复单位至少要占多聚物重量的10%,较可取的是占至少50%,最好是80%到95%或100%。
在这里较可取的含膦酸AEA为以下式单体构成的聚β-苯乙烯膦酸
这里Ph是苯基,膦酸输送增强基团与苯基保留增强基团在主链中相连的碳原子上连结,或是β-苯乙烯膦酸与乙烯基膦酰氯形成的共聚体,这种共聚体是以(3)式单体选择性地或随机地与(1)式单体相连结;或是由下式单体构成的多聚α-苯乙烯膦酸:
这里输送增强基团与保留增强基团成对地结合于主链。
这些苯乙烯膦酸多聚物和它们的与其它惰性不饱和烯单体形成的共聚体通常分子量范围为2,000到30,000,最好是在2,500至10,000范围内。这些“惰性”单体不显著阻碍这里用作AEA的任何共聚物的功能。
其它含膦酸聚合物有,如由下式单体组成的膦酸化乙烯:
(5)-〔(CH2)14CHPO3H2〕n-
这里n可以是一整数或是使多聚物分子量为约3,000的值;由下式单体构成的多聚丁烯-4,4-二膦酸钠:
其它膦酸化聚合物,如多聚烯丙基膦酰乙酸、膦酰聚异丁烯酸等和欧洲专利公布号0321233中提及的成对二膦酸盐聚合物都可以在这里用作AEA,当然它们必须带有或修饰后带有上面所说的增强保留有机基团。
本发明之一的口腔组合物含有口腔可以接受的载体;可以有效地增加抗菌剂的抗菌效果的制剂,其平均分子量约为1,000到1,000,000,且含有至少一个可以增强抗菌作用输送的功能基和至少一个可以增强抗菌作用保存的有机基团,所说的抗菌剂含有这样一些基团,它们不含或基本不含水溶性的分子量为1,000至1,000,000的合成线性多聚物聚羧酸酯碱金属盐或铵盐;多磷酸盐抗牙垢剂,如钾和钠盐的混合物,在所说组合物中钾与钠的比例为少于3∶1,例如从0.37至1.04∶1。
按本发明的另一个优选实施方案,AEA包括阴离子聚羧酸盐多聚物,这个多聚物也是碱性磷酸酯酶的抑制物。合成的阴离子聚羧酸盐多聚物及它们与不同的阳离子杀菌剂如锌、镁形成的复合物作为抗牙垢剂在以前就有记录,如Sheollouskg的美国专利3,429,963号,Gaffar的4,152,420号Dichter等3,956,480号,Gaffar笫4,138,477号,Gaffar笫4,183,914号。然而,只是在Gaffar等的美国专利4,627,977号中才提及这种聚羧酸盐抑制与提供氟离子的化合物相结合的焦磷酸盐抗牙垢剂的唾液水解作用。可以理解,当以上美国专利中所定义的合成阴离子多聚羧酸盐多聚物含有或经修饰后含有保留增强基团时,在本发明的组合物或方法中作为AEA是有效的,这些文献在此用作参考。
这些合成的阴离子聚羧酸酯多聚物经常是以其游离酸或部分最好是完全中性水溶或水溶胀(水合的,形成凝胶的)碱金属盐(如钾最好是钠)或铵盐形式被利用。较可取的是1∶4到4∶1马来酐或马来酸与其它聚合的烯不饱和单体形成的共聚体,不饱和单体又以分子量为30,000至1,000,000的甲基。乙烯基醚/马来酐为佳。这些共聚物可以下列名称得到:Gantrez,如AN139(分子量500,000),AN119(分子量250,000);较可取的是GAF公司S-97 Pharmaceutual Grade(分子量为70,000)。
其它可作AEA的含有或修饰后带有保留增强基团的多羧酸酯聚合物包括那些见于前面提及的美国专利笫3,956,480号,如马来酐与丙烯基乙酯、羟乙基异丁烯酸酯、N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮或乙烯形成的1∶1共聚物,后者也是可买得的如Mmsanfo EMA No1103,分子量为10,000和EMA61级,以及丙烯酸与甲基或羟乙基异丁烯酸酯、丙烯酸甲酯或丙烯酸乙酯,异丁基乙烯醚或N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮形成的1∶1共聚物。
在上面提及的美国专利笫4,138,477和4,183,914号中可行的带有或修饰后带有增强保留基团的多羧酸酯聚合物包括马来酐与下列物质形成的共聚物,如苯乙烯、异丁烯或乙基乙烯醚、聚丙烯、聚衣康酸和聚马来酸的及如市售的Umroyal ND-2的分子量低至1,000的磺基丙烯酸寡聚物。
一般适宜的是含有保留增强基团的聚合烯键不饱和羧酸,不饱和羧酸有活化的碳-碳烯双键和至少一个羧基,即含有烯烃双键的酸,这类双键由于位于单体分子中羟基的α位或β位,或是作为末端亚甲基的一部分,故而在聚合过程中起作用,这类酸有:丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸、乙基丙烯酸、α-氯代丙烯酸、巴豆酸、β-丙烯基丙酸、山梨酸、α-氯代山梨酸、肉桂酸、β-苯乙烯基丙烯酸、粘康酸、衣康酸、柠康酸、中康酸、戊烯二酸、乌头酸、α-苯丙烯酸、2-苯甲基丙烯酸、2-环己基丙烯酸、当归酸、繖形酸、富马酸、马来酸和马来酐。其它不同的烯类单体可以与这些羧酸单体如乙烯乙酸,乙烯氯化物、二甲基富马酸等形成共聚体。共聚体一般有足够的羧酸盐基团以达到水溶。
也可以在此使用的是Chown等的美国专利3,980,767号,Roberts等3,935,306号,Perla等3,919409号,Harrison 3,911,904号和Colodney等3,711,604号中作为牙膏成分的所谓羧基乙烯基聚合物。它们在商业上是可得到的,如B.V.Goodrich的商标Carbolol934、940和941,这些产品基本由聚丙烯酸与0.75%至2.0%作为交联剂的聚烯丙基蔗糖或聚烯丙基季戊四醇形成的胶态水溶性多聚物组成,这种交联结构与交联键通过抗菌剂等的疏水性和/或物理截留而具有所需要的保留增强作用。亲有机聚合物在某些方面是类似的,它为聚丙烯酸与少于0.2%的丁二烯乙二醇交联,低比例、低分子量和/或这种交联剂的疏水性使得保留增强作用减小或消失。2,5-二甲基-1,5-己二烯是有效增强保留作用交联剂的实例。
合成的阴离子多羧酸酯聚合物常常是选择性地含有卤素及含氧取代物及酯、醚和羟基连键的羟类,它们在化合物中组成约可达到4%(一般至少为0.05%)。
AEA也可以是由天然含保留增强基团的阴离子多羧酸酯聚合物组成。羧甲基纤维素和其它结合剂、树胶和成膜剂不带有上述输送增强基团和/或保留增强基团,都不能作AEA。
作为含有次膦酸和/或磺酸输送增强基团的AEA的例子,可以提到一些含有单体或部分的多聚物和共聚物,它们得自由保留增强有机基团(如上面提及的式-(X)n-R)在笫1、2或3位碳原子上取代的乙烯基或烯丙基次膦酸或磺酸的聚合。这些单体的混合物也可以利用,它们与一种或多种惰性可聚合的不饱和烯单体形成的共聚体如上面提及的合成阴离子多羧酸酯聚合物也可使用。下面将注意到,这些或其它AEA中,通常只有一个酸性输送增强基团与多聚物骨架或支链中任何特定的碳原子或其它原子相连结。带有或修饰后带有输送增强基团与保留基团的多聚硅氧烷可以在这里作AEA。与这里AEA同样有效的是带有或修饰后带有增强输送与保留基团的离聚体。离聚体在Kirk-Othmer化工百科全书(笫三版、增补卷、John wiley和Sons版权1984)笫546-573页中有说明,这些说明在此引用,以作参考。只要它们带有或修饰后带有增强保留基团,聚酯、聚氨酯和合成及天然聚氨基酸包括蛋白质和蛋白针状角质如胶原蛋白、聚精氨酸和其它多聚氨基酸都可以在这里有效地用作AEA。
当通过首先将多聚磷酸酯和抗菌剂溶解在湿润剂及表面活性剂中,然后向其中加入AEA尤其是多聚羧酸酯来制备口腔组合物时,溶液变得清澈并具有“微滴乳状液”的特征。当聚羧酸盐增加至占整个口腔制剂重量的2.2%时,溶液变得混浊并可认为是“粗滴乳状液”。在这类粗滴乳状液组合物中,抗菌剂的抗牙垢效果是最佳的。
基本上水不溶性非阳离子抗菌剂与多聚磷酸盐抗牙垢剂的合适重量比为大于0.72∶1并小于4∶1,如从1∶1至约3.5∶1,特别是1.6∶1至2.7∶1。
为使得口腔组合物的抗牙垢效果最佳,要使用能抑制多磷酸盐酶解的抑制剂。这种抑制剂是足以供给25PPm至5,000PPm氟离子的氟离子源,并且要含3%或更多的合成阴离子聚羧酸多聚物,多聚物的分子量为1,000至1,000,000,最好是30,000至500,000。
作为酸性磷酸盐及焦磷酸酶抑制剂成分的氟离子源或提供氟离子的成分,它们作抗牙垢剂是广为人知的。这些化合物可以微溶于水或完全溶于水。由于它们能在水中释放氟离子并且不与口腔制剂中其它化合物反应而使其独具特性。在这些物质中有无机氟盐,如可溶性的碱金属盐,碱土金属盐,例如,氟化钠、氟化钾、氟化铵、氟化钙、氟化铜如氟化亚铜、氟化锌、氟化钡、氟硅酸钠、氟硅酸铵、氟锆酸钠、氟锆酸铵、一氟磷酸钠、一氟磷酸铵和二氟磷酸铵以及氟化焦磷酸钙钠。优选碱金属及锡的氟化物如氟化钠和氟化亚锡、单氟磷酸钠以及它们的混合物。
供氟化合物的量在一定程度上取决于化合物的种类,其溶解性及口腔制剂的种类,但它必须是非毒性的量,通常占制剂的0.005~3%。在口腔制品如牙胶、牙膏、牙粉或牙片中,按制品重量计可以释放5,000PPm氟离子的化合物量被认为是合理的。任何合适的这类化合物的最小量也可以用,但必须有足够的化合物以供给300-2000PPm,最好是800至1500PPm氟离子。
在碱金属氟化物中,按口腔制品重量计组分通常占2%,最好是在0.05%至1%范围内。在单氟磷酸钠中,化合物的量为0.1-3%,较典型的是0.76%。
在如漱口水、糖锭和口香糖等口腔制剂中,供氟化合物的量要足以释放不多于500PPm,一般是25至300PPm的氟离子。通常占这类化合物重量的0.005%-1.0%。
这项发明口腔制剂最好是液体形式,如漱口水和清水。在这样的制剂中,载体一般是水-醇化合物,最好含有下面所说的湿润剂。通常,水与醇类的重量比范围为1∶1至20∶1,最好是3∶1到10∶1,而以4∶1到6∶1范围内更可取。这类制剂中水一醇类混合物的总量为整个制剂重量的70%-99.9%,醇类一般为乙醇或异丙醇。乙醇较好。
这项发明中液体与其它制剂的PH通常范围是4.5-9,一般是5.5-8。最适pH为6-8。值得注意的是,该发明的组合物可以在低于pH5的条件下用于口腔而不引起脱钙或损坏牙釉质,可以用酸(如,柠檬酸或苯甲酸)或碱(如氢氧化钠)或缓冲液(如柠檬酸钠、苯甲酸盐、碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠等)来控制PH。
这项发明组合物的其它较好形式可以是固体或膏状,如牙粉、牙片或牙膏,胶状牙膏,这种固体或胶状口腔制剂的介质一般是口腔可以接受的磨光剂。这类磨光剂有水不溶性的偏磷酸钠、偏磷酸钾、磷酸三钙、二水合磷酸钙、无水磷酸二钙、焦磷酸钙、正磷酸镁、磷酸三镁、碳酸钙、水合氧化铝、煅烧氧化铝、硅酸铝、硅酸锆、二氧化硅、皂土及其混合物。其它合适的磨光物质包括微小热固性树脂(见于美国专利3,070,510号于1962年12月15日授权),诸如,密胺树脂酚醛树脂及脲甲醛树脂、交联多聚环氧化合物和聚酯。较好的磨光物质包括二氧化硅晶体,其颗粒大小约为5微米,其平均大小为1.1微米,表面面积达50,000cm2/gm;硅胶或胶体二氧化硅及非晶体碱金属硅铝酸盐复合物。
当使用清晰透明的胶体时,胶体硅胶磨光剂,如商标SYLOID的Syloid 72及Syioid 74或商标SANToCEL的Santocel100,硅铝酸碱金属盐复合物尤为有用,因为其折射率接近于牙膏中胶液态(包括水和/或湿润剂)系统的折射率。
许多所谓的“水不溶性”磨光物质是阳离子性的并包括少量的可溶性物质。因此,不溶性偏磷酸钠可以《Thorpe应用化学词典》笫九卷笫4版,笫510-511页中所叙述的任何合适的方式形成。不溶性偏磷酸钠如Madrells盐与Kurrols盐是合适材料的又一例子。这些偏磷酸盐在小中仅水量可溶,因而通常被称为不溶性偏磷酸盐(IMP)。这里仅少量的可溶性磷酸盐物质是不纯的,通常仅占重量的4%。一般认为可溶性磷酸盐物质的量包括不溶性偏磷酸盐中的可溶性三磷酸钠,如果需要用水洗以使其成少或除去。一般此用的不溶性偏磷酸碱金属盐是粒状粉末,其颗粒大小为少于1%的该物质大于37微米。
磨光物质在固体或膏状制剂中重量一般为10%-99%。它在牙膏中的量为10%-75%为佳,在牙粉中以70%-99%为佳。在牙膏中,当磨光物质是硅质时,它的量度为重量的10%-30%。其它磨光物质一般为重量的30-75%。
在牙膏中,液体载体包括水和湿润剂,其量应为制剂重量的10%-80%甘油、丙二醇、山梨醇和聚丙二醇是合适的湿润剂/载体。水、甘油和山梨醇的液态混合物也是很好的。在透明的胶体中,折射率是一个重要因素,约2.5-30%(重量)的水,0-70%(重量)甘油,20-80%(重量)山梨醇是很合适的。
牙膏、牙浆和牙胶中通常有天然的或合成的增稠剂或胶凝剂,其比例约为0.1-10%(重量),最好是0.5-5%(重量)。合适的增稠剂有合成水辉石、合成的胶状镁碱金属硅酸盐复合物粘土,如Laporte有限公司生产的Laporite(例如CP,SP2002,D)。Lapvrite D的分析表明其成分重量百分比:SiO2为58.00%,MgO25.40%,Na2O为3.05%,Li2O为0.98%及水与少量金属。它的实际比重为2.53,表观比重为1.0(在8%湿度时,单位为克/毫升)。
其它的合适增稠剂包括:爱尔兰藓,小角叉藻聚糖,黄蓍树胶、淀粉,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,羟乙基丙基纤维素,羟丁基甲基纤维素,羟丙基甲基纤维素,羟乙基纤维素(如市售的Natrosol),羧甲基纤维素钠,胶体硅(如磨细的Syeoid(如244)),在按本发明的方法制备的某些牙膏中,具体地说,就是当使用含量大于0.35%(重量)的水不溶性抗菌剂和含量低于约30%(重量)的硅质磨光剂时,可能需要含有一种溶解该抗菌剂的试剂。这种加溶剂包括丙二醇、缩丙二醇及己二醇等湿润剂的多元醇,甲基溶纤剂和乙基溶纤剂等溶纤剂,直链上至少含约12个碳原子的植物油和蜡(如橄榄油,蓖麻油和凡士林),以及乙酸戊酯、乙酸甲酯、苯甲酸苄酯等酯。
已知按常规方法,口服制剂是放在合适的带标记包装物中销售或分装的。因此,每瓶漱口水上实际上都有一个对其进行叙述的标记,且有一个说明其用途的说明书;牙膏、雪花膏或凝胶等通常装在铝、铅或塑料等材料制成的可折叠管中,或者是装在其它的压实造形机、泵或经挤压的分配器中,以便测室其内容物的含量,这些包装物上也有一个说明其用作牙膏等的标鉴。
本发明的组合物中使用了有机表面活性剂,以增强预防作用、协助抗石剂和抗斑剂在口腔中的完全和彻底分布以及使本发明的组合物更加适用于化装品。优选阴离子型、非离子型或两性有机表面活性剂,并且优选去污材料作为表面活性剂,它能够使得组合物具有去污和起泡的性质。合适的阴离子表面活性剂有:高级脂肪酸单酸甘油酯单硫酸的水溶性盐(如氢化椰子油脂肪酸单酸甘油酯一硫酸钠盐),高级烷基酸盐(如十二烷基硫酸钠),烷基芳基磺酸盐(十二烷基苄基磺酸钠),高级烷基磺基乙酸,1,2-二羟丙烷磺酸盐的高级脂肪酸酯,以及低级脂肪族氨基羧酸化合物的完全饱和高级脂肪族酰胺(如在脂肪酸、酰基或烷基上有12-16个碳原子的化合物),最后所提到的酰胺的例子如N-月桂酰肌氨酸,和N-月桂酰、N-十四酰或N-棕榈酰肌氨酸的钠盐、钾盐和乙醇胺盐、它们应为完全不含皂或类似的高级脂肪酸的物质。在本发明的组合物中使用这些肌氨酸盐尤其有利,因为这些物质在抑制口腔中酸形成方面显示了延长的和显著的作用,其原因是碳水化合物的断裂以及减少了釉质在酸性溶液中的溶解度。水溶性非离子表面活性剂的例子为环氧乙烷和与其反应的、具有疏水长链(约12-20个碳原子的疏水链)的含氢化合物所形成的缩合产物,该缩合产物(“ethoxamers”)含有亲水性聚氧乙烯残基,例如聚环氧乙烷与脂肪酸、脂肪醇、脂肪酰胺、多元醇(如脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸)和聚环氧丙烷(如普卢兰尼克物质)所形成的缩合产物。
表面活性剂的含量通常为0.1-5%(重量),优选约1-2.5%(重量),值得一提的是,表面活性剂可帮助非阴离子抗菌剂溶解,从而减少了所需的加溶湿润剂的用量。
各种其它的物质如增白剂、防腐剂、硅氧烷、叶绿素化合物和/或含氨物质(如尿素、磷酸氢二铵)及其混合物也可加到本发明的口腔制剂中。当存在这些辅助剂时,它们是以对所需性质和特征几乎无付作用的量加入到制剂中。大量的锌、镁或其它金属盐或物质通常是可溶性的,将与本发明的活性成分复合,应避免使用。
也可使用任何合适增香物质或甜化物质。合适的增香组分为香油,如绿薄荷油、胡椒薄荷油、白珠油、檫油、丁香油、鼠尾草油、桉油、茉乔栾那油、肉桂油、柠檬油和橙油,以及甲基水杨酸盐。合适的甜化剂包括:庶糖、乳糖、麦芽糖、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、环己烷氨基磺酸钠、紫苏亭、AMP(大冬氨酰苯基丙氨酸,甲基酯)、糖精及其类似物。增香剂和甜化剂单独或一起占制剂的约0.1%-5%或更多。另外,香油似乎还有助于抗菌剂的溶解。
在本发明的优选应用中,本发明的一种口腔制剂如含有本发明组合物的漱口水或牙膏最好是定期施用于牙釉质,如每天、每二天或每三天一次,优选的是每天1-3次,其PH值约为4.5-9,一般为约5.5-8,最好为约6-8,一共持续至少2周,也可长达8周或直至终身。
可将本发明的组合物加到锭剂、口香糖或其它产品中,例如搅拌至热树胶基质中或包衣在树胶基质的外表面,所提到的树胶的例子有节路顿胶、橡胶乳、聚乙酸乙烯酯树酯等。该组合物最好与常规的增塑剂或软化剂、糖或其它甜化剂(如葡萄糖、山梨糖醇)等一起加入。
下面的例子是用于进一步演示本发明,但应已知,本发明并不仅限于此。除非另有说明,在此及所附的权利要求书中的所有数量和比值均以重量计。
在下面的实施例中,试剂Triclosan(2,4,4′-三氯-2′-羟基二苯基醚)以“TCHE”表示;月桂酰硫酸钠以“SLS”表示;马来酐与甲基乙烯醚的共聚物(如GAF公司出售的“Gantrez S-97”)以“Gantrez”表示;焦磷酸四钠盐以“焦磷酸盐”表示;氟化钠以“NaF”表示。
实施例1
在焦磷酸盐及不同量的多聚羧酸酯存在的情况下,通过将抗菌剂吸附至涂有唾液的牙矿石羟基磷灰石圆盘而对抗菌剂吸附于牙矿石和从牙矿石释放的抗斑/抗牙垢功效进行评价。
所评价牙膏的配方为:
重量份
A B甘油 10.000 10.000小角叉藻聚糖 0.750 0.750山梨糖醇(70%溶液) 30.000 30.000丙二醇 0.500 0.5000Gantrez(13.02%溶液) 19.000 15.50二氧化钛 0.500 0.500水(去离子) 9.957 13.457NaF 0.243 0.243糖精钠 0.300 0.300焦磷酸盐 2.000 2.000氢氧化钠(50%) 1.000 1.000硅石磨光剂(Zeodent 113) 20.000 20.000硅石增稠剂(Sylodent 15) 2.500 2.500香油 0.950 0.950TCHE 0.300 0.300SLS 2.000 2.000
以A.I.表示时,Gantrez在牙膏A中的含量为2.5份,在牙膏B中的含量为2.0份。
为了测试抗菌剂向包有唾液的羟基磷灰石圆盘的传送,用真空过滤所收集的蒸馏水充分洗涤得自Monsanto公司的羟基磷灰石(H A),且让其于37℃干燥过夜。用研钵和研杵将干燥的HA研成粉末。将150.00mgHA置于KBr药丸模(BarnesAnaeytical,Stanford,CT)的小室中,在CarverLaboratry压机中于10.000磅压缩6分钟。所产生的13mm圆片再放在Theresotyne炼炉中于800℃烧结4小时。将Parafilm刺激的所有唾液收集在冰冷却的玻璃烧瓶中,通过于4℃以15,000xg(乘重力)离心而澄清唾液。通过于4℃搅拌并紫外光照射一小时而对澄清的唾液进行消毒。
在聚乙烯试管中用无菌水使每个烧结的圆片水化。然后除去水,加入2.00ml的唾液,将圆片在37℃水浴中连续振荡保温过夜后形成唾液表面。经该处理过程后除去唾液,用1.00ml牙膏液相溶液中含有抗菌剂(triclosan)的溶液处理圆片,且于37℃水浴中连续振荡将其保温。30分钟后将圆片转移至一新试管中,加入5,00ml水,然后用Vortex轻轻振荡圆片,再将圆片转移至一新试管中,重复洗涤过程两次。最后小心地将圆片转移至一新试管,以避免任何液体与圆片一起被转移。然后向圆片中加入1.00ml甲醇,用Vortex剧烈振荡。将样品于室温放置30分钟,将吸附的triclosan萃取至甲醇中。吸出甲醇,将其在BeckmanMicrofuge11中以10,000rpm离心5分钟使其澄清。经此处理后,将甲醇转移至HPLC(高效液相层析)小瓶中,测定抗菌剂的浓度,所有试验中均使用三份样品。
下表对数据进行了总结:
表牙膏 向涂有唾液的羟基磷灰石圆盘传递的TCHE微克
数A 130B 30
上述数据表明,随着Gantrez量的增加(牙膏A)向涂有唾液的牙矿石传递的TCHE数量也大量增加。
实施例2
下面的牙膏作为抗斑和防牙垢组合物是有效的:
重量份山梨糖醇(70%) 22.00爱尔兰藓 1.00氢氧化钠(50%) 1.00Gantrez(13.02%溶液) 19.00水(去离子) 2.69一氟磷酸钠 0.76糖精钠 0.30焦磷酸盐 2.00水化氧化铝 48.00香油 0.95TCHE 0.30SLS 2.00
实施例3漱口水 份焦磷酸四钠盐 2.00Gantrez S-97 2.50甘油 10.00氟化钠 0.05月桂酰硫酸钠 0.20TCHE 0.06香油 0.40水 加足至100.00
实施例4锭剂75-80%糖1-20%玉米糖浆0.1-1.0香油2%焦磷酸四钠盐2.50%Gantrez S-970.01-0.05%NaF0.01-0.1%TCHE1-5%硬脂酸镁润滑剂0.01-0.2%水
实施例5口香糖 份树胶基质 25.00山梨糖醇(70%) 17.00TCHE 0.50-0.10焦磷酸四钠盐 2.00Gantrez S-97 2.50
在上述实施例的一个改进实施例中,可省去Gantrez S-97。
实施例6口香糖 份
树胶基质 30.00
TCHE 0.50
Gantrez 2.00
NaF 0.05
甘油 0.50
山梨糖醇结晶 53.00
焦磷酸四钠盐 2.00
香油和水 加充至100.00
在以上实施例中,当用苯酚、2,2 ′-亚甲基二(4-氯-6-溴酚)、丁子香酚和百里酚之一取代TCHE时,和/或用其它的AEA如Carbopols(如934)、分子量为约3,000-10,000的苯乙烯膦酸聚合物〔如聚β-苯乙烯膦酸〕乙烯基膦酸与β-苯乙烯膦酸形成的共聚物及聚α-苯乙烯膦酸、磺基丙烯酸寡聚物或马来酐与丙烯酸乙酯的1∶1共聚物取代Gantrez时,也可获得改善了的结果。
当用钾与钠的重量比为a)0.37∶1;b)1.04∶1;c)3∶1;和3.5∶1的焦磷酸四钠盐和焦磷酸四钾盐取代焦磷酸盐(焦磷酸四钠盐)时,也可获得类似结果。
以上用一些优选的实施方案对本发明进行了叙述。对本发明作出对于领域技术人员来说很明显的改进或变动将包括在本申请及所附权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (15)
1.一种用于刷牙的制剂,它包括卤代二苯醚、磨光剂、增稠剂、载体、多聚磷酸盐,其特征在于它另外还含有抗菌增强剂,各成分比例(重量百分比)如下:
增稠剂 0.1-10.0
磨光剂 10.0-75.0
多聚磷酸盐 0.1-3.0
卤代二苯醚 0.01-5.0
抗菌增强剂 0.05-4.0
载体 其余部分其中所述抗菌增强剂与所述多聚磷酸盐提供的多聚磷酸根离子的重量比为1.6∶1至2.7∶1,且其中所述抗菌增强剂为包含输送增强基团和保留增强有机基团的聚合物,其中输送增强基团选自羧酸、膦酸、次膦酸、磺酸、及其盐和混合物,其中保留增强有机基团包含式-(x)n-R,其中x为O、N、S、SO、SO2、PO或Si,R为疏水烷基、芳基、链烯基、酰基、烷芳基、芳烷基、杂环基或其惰性取代的衍生物,且n为1或0。
2.权利要求1的制剂,其特征在于,载体包括水、甘油、山梨糖醇、丙二醇。
3.权利要求1的制剂,其特征在于,增稠剂选自合成胶状镁-碱金属-硅酸盐复合物粘土,爱尔兰藓、小角叉藻聚糖、黄蓍树胶、淀粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羟乙基丙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠或胶体二氧化硅。
4.权利要求1的制剂,其特征在于,磨光剂选自水不溶性偏磷酸钠、偏磷酸钾、磷酸三钙、磷酸二氢钙、无水磷酸二钙、焦磷酸钙、正磷酸镁、磷酸三镁、磷酸钙、氢氧化铝、氧化铝、硅酸铝、二氧化硅或皂土。
5.权利权利的制剂,其特征在于,卤代二苯醚为2,4,4′-三氯-2′-羟基二苯醚。
6.权利要求1的制剂,其特征在于,多聚磷酸盐为焦磷酸四钠。
7.权利要求1的制剂,其特征在于,抗菌增强剂与多聚磷酸根离子的比例为1.7∶1到2.3∶1。
8.权利要求1的制剂,其特征在于,抗菌增强剂为马来酸或马来酐与另一种乙烯不饱和的可聚合单体所形成的共聚物或其盐。
9.权利要求8的制剂,其特征在于,其它单体为甲基乙烯基醚,它与马来酸或马为酐的摩尔比为4∶1-1∶4。
10.权利要求9的制剂,其特征在于,共聚物的分子量约为30,000-1,000,000。
11.权利要求10的制剂,其特征在于,共聚物的平均分子量约为70,000。
12.权利要求1的制剂,其特征在于,输送增强基团为膦酸基团或其盐。
13.权利要求12的制剂,其特征在于,抗菌增强剂为聚(β-苯乙烯膦酸)、聚(α-苯乙烯膦酸)或苯乙烯膦酸彼此形成的共聚物,或苯乙烯膦酸与其它惰性可聚合的乙烯不饱和单体形成的共聚物,或其盐。
14.权利要求13的制剂,其特征在于,抗菌增强剂的分子量约为2,000-30,000。
15.权利要求14的制剂,其特征在于,它含有提供氟离子的物质。
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US5192533A (en) * | 1992-03-25 | 1993-03-09 | Chesebrough-Pond's Usa Co., Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Nonirritating antitartar and antiplaque oral compositions |
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