CN1064817C - 一种提高植物蛋白溶解性的方法 - Google Patents
一种提高植物蛋白溶解性的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1064817C CN1064817C CN95192690XA CN95192690A CN1064817C CN 1064817 C CN1064817 C CN 1064817C CN 95192690X A CN95192690X A CN 95192690XA CN 95192690 A CN95192690 A CN 95192690A CN 1064817 C CN1064817 C CN 1064817C
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种提高植物蛋白溶解性的方法。更具体地说,本发明涉及植物蛋白来源的蛋白质溶解的方法,它们包括用足量的一种或多种肌醇六磷酸酶处理植物蛋白源,并且用足量的一种或多种蛋白分解酶处理植物蛋白源。另一方面,本发明提供了含有一种肌醇六磷酸酶及一种或多种蛋白分解酶的动物饲料添加剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种提高植物蛋白溶解性的方法。更具体地说,本发明涉及植物蛋白来源的蛋白质溶解的方法,它们包括用足量的一种或多种肌醇六磷酸酶处理植物蛋白源,并且用足量的一种或多种蛋白分解酶处理植物蛋白源。另一方面,本发明提供了含有一种肌醇六磷酸酶及一种或多种蛋白分解酶的动物饲料添加剂。
技术背景
蛋白质对于a.o.哺乳动物及产蛋鸡是一种必需营养物质。大多数牲畜及人类从植物蛋白来源得到所必需的蛋白质。重要的植物蛋白源为例如谷物、豆科植物及油籽类作物。
水解的植物蛋白如大豆蛋白水解物可以作为营养物,如营养添加剂,应用于食品及饮料中。水解蛋白比未水解蛋白更易吸收,这是为什么蛋白水解物被认为具有最高营养价值的原因。已知有数种制备蛋白水解物的方法并在文献中进行了描述,参见US4,324,805和WO92/15696。
基本上所有来源于植物的食品及饲料均含有肌醇六磷酸盐及肌醇六磷酸作为贮存的磷源[参见E.Graf(ed.),Phytic Acid,Chem-istry and Applications,Minneapololis,U.S.A.1986综述]。谷类中约75-78%的磷结合成肌醇六磷酸。肌醇六磷酸盐占所有坚果类、谷类、豆类、油籽类、孢子及花粉的1-3%。肌醇六磷酸的复合盐称为肌醇六磷酸钙镁。
肌醇六磷酸可以螯合矿物质如钙、锌、镁及铁,从而降低了营养性重要的矿物质的生物利用度,因此被普遍认为是一种抗营养因子。体外研究表明肌醇六磷酸抑制某些动物蛋白的胃酸消化,而胰蛋白酶消化却未受影响[参见Knuckles et al.,Journal of Food Science,1989,54:1348-1350]。
肌醇六磷酸酶为催化肌醇六磷酸盐向肌醇及无机磷转化的一组酶。肌醇六磷酸酶已从如芽胞杆菌、假单孢菌、酵母菌及曲霉中得到。
在美国专利US3,297,548中已经建议向单胃动物饲料中加入微生物肌醇六磷酸酶以便向饲料中补充无机磷。
已有人认为肌醇六磷酸酶可以用于大豆的处理中。因此,EP-A-0420 358报告了大豆粗粉中含有高含量的抗营养因子肌醇六磷酸盐,它使这种蛋白质来源不适合用于婴儿的食物中,也不适于鱼类、小牛及其它的非反刍动物的饲料中,因为肌醇六磷酸盐螯合了饲料中的重要矿物质。
总之,以前已有人提议用肌醇六磷酸酶利用在植物蛋白来源中存在的、结合在肌醇六磷酸盐/肌醇六磷酸中的磷,或利用结合在肌醇六磷酸复合物中营养性重要的矿物质。
然而,有必要改善植物来源如谷类、豆类及油籽作物中存在的蛋白质的利用度,因为利用度的增加可以提高蛋白质水解过程的产量以及获得更高的营养收益,即改善了蛋白质的利用。
本发明概述
如今已经发现用有效量的肌醇六磷酸酶处理植物源可以提高植物源中蛋白质的溶解性。在蛋白质分解的过程中加入肌醇六磷酸酶,可以获得更高程度的水解并提高了蛋白质的溶解性,而且产量也得到了提高。
因此,本发明提供了一种用于溶解植物蛋白来源中蛋白质的方法,该方法包括用有效量的一种或多种肌醇六磷酸酶处理植物蛋白源,且用有效量的一种或多种蛋白分有酶处理植物蛋白源。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种包括一种肌醇六磷酸酶及一种蛋白分解酶的动物饲料添加剂。本发明详述植物蛋白质的溶解性
本发明提供了一种溶解植物蛋白来源中蛋白质从而获得蛋白质水解物的方法。该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)用有效量的一种或多种肌醇六磷酸酶处理植物蛋白源;且
(b)用有效量的一种或多种蛋白分解酶处理植物蛋白源。
与现有已知的获取蛋白质水解物的方法相比,本方法提高了蛋白质的利用度,从而使提取增加,产量提高以及蛋白质的利用提高。
适于本发明方法的植物蛋白源可以是任何含蛋白质的植物,特别是豆类、谷类、菊科植物或十字花植物。优选地,豆类植物包括大豆、蚕豆、豌豆和白羽扇豆(羽扇豆属植物),更优选地为大豆。优选地,谷类包括小麦、玉米、大麦、黑麦、燕麦、大米、高粱、芝麻(Sesa-mum indicum)和小米(Panicum miliaceum)。有用的菊科植物的例子是向日葵(Helianthus),且有用的十字花科植物的例子是油菜(油菜子,如Brassica napus)。
植物蛋白源优选大豆。
利用本发明方法的含蛋白质植物可以是任何形式的,包括“已处理的形式”,其中在蛋白质进行本发明方法处理之前,干燥物质中的蛋白质含量已增加。例如,大豆蛋白质粗制物可以从大豆、去脂大豆片、豆粉或大豆分离物获得。这些含蛋白的粗制物一般含有约42%-95%的蛋白质。
蛋白源在用本发明方法处理前可以以任何常规的方法进行预处理。特别是可以将蛋白源干燥和/或磨碎,即处理成粗粉或片状(如大豆粗粉或片)。
本发明方法的两个步骤(a)和(b)可以连续进行,或同时进行。
植物蛋白源也可用含有一种或多种肌醇六磷酸酶及一种或多种蛋白分解酶的酶制备物处理,或者植物蛋白源可用两种或多种含有一种或多种肌醇六磷酸酶和/或一种或多种蛋白分解酶的酶处理。
目前认为本发明的方法优选以混悬液的PH在约PH3-9的范围内,更优选在约PH4-7的范围内进行。
也认为本发明的方法优选在约10℃-70℃,更优选在约35℃-65℃的温度范围内进行。
在更具体的实施方案中,本方法包括如下连续步骤:
(ⅰ)将植物蛋白源混悬在水中;
(ⅱ)将混悬液用一种或多种肌醇六磷酸酶及一种或多种蛋白分解酶进行酶处理以蛋白分解性的水解蛋白质;
(ⅲ)使酶失活,且可选择地
(ⅳ)从混悬物中分离水解的蛋白质。
使酶失活可以采用常规的酶失活法,如加热处理,即提高水解混悬液或混合物的温度至可使酶变性的温度,一般至85℃以上。
分离步骤可以采用常规的从混悬物中分离水解蛋白的方法,例如对含蛋白水解物的混悬液进行离心或膜过滤。
总的说来,本发明的方法可以以相似于常规的获得蛋白水解物的方法进行,例如,在美国专利US4,324,805、US4,100,024和WO92/15696中所描述,这些出版物引入本文作参考。肌醇六磷酸酶
本发明的溶解植物蛋白源中蛋白质的方法包括用足量的一种或多种肌醇六磷酸酶处理植物蛋白源。
在本发明的上下文中,肌醇六磷酸酶是一种催化肌醇磷酸盐上的无机磷脱掉的酶。肌醇六磷酸酶优选来自于微生物如细菌、真菌及酵母但也可为植物来源。
在一优选实施方案中,肌醇六磷酸酶来源于真菌株,尤其是曲霉株,如黑曲霉、米曲霉、无花果曲霉、沧盛曲霉、无冠构巢曲霉和土曲霉。更优选的是得自黑曲霉株或米曲霉株的肌醇六磷酸酶。
在另一优选实施方案中,肌醇六磷酸酶来自于细菌株,尤其是芽胞杆菌株或假单孢菌株。优选地,肌醇六磷酸酶来自枯草杆菌株。
在另一优选实施方案中,肌醇六磷酸酶来自于酵母,尤其是克鲁维酵母属菌株或酵母属菌株。优选地,肌醇六磷酸酶来自啤酒酵母株。
在本发明的上下文中,“来自于……的酶”包括由一特殊菌株自然产生的酶,或由该菌株回收的,或由来自该菌株DNA序列编码且在以所说DNA序列转化的宿主生物体中产生的。
肌醇六磷酸酶可用任何适宜的技术从所谈到的微生物中获得。特别地是可通过在适宜的营养培养基中进行产生肌醇六磷酸酶微生物的发酵,然后再用已熟知的方法分离该酶来得到肌醇六磷酸酶。
用于培养的肉汤或培养基可以是任何适于使所谈到的宿主细胞生长的常规培养基,并且可以根据现有技术的原则加以配制。优选的培养基含有碳源和氮源以及其它无机盐。适宜的培养基如最低限度或复合培养基可得商业供应商,或根据公开的收藏物如美国典型微生物保藏中心(ATCC)菌株目录加以制备。
培养后,用从培养肉汤中分离和纯化蛋白质的常规方法回收肌醇六磷酸酶。已熟知的纯化方法包括用离心或过滤将细胞与培养基分离,用盐如硫酸铵的方法沉淀含蛋白质成分,以及层析法如离子交换层析、凝胶过滤层析、亲和层析等。
另外的一种方法是也可用重组DNA技术优选地大量制备肌醇六磷酸酶,该技术在EP-A1-0 420 358中得到描述,其公开物引入本文作参考。
优选地,在如EP-A1-0 420 358所描述的有利于肌醇六磷酸酶编码基因表达的条件下培养由无花果曲霉或黑曲霉属获得的肌醇六磷酸酶编码基因转化的曲霉属之真菌。
优选地用过滤及超滤法将含肌醇六磷酸酶发酵肉汤于应用于本发明(的配方)中之前进行处理。
目前认为足以改善植物蛋白溶解性的肌醇六磷酸酶的量相应于每公斤植物蛋白源约2至约50000FYT(见下文定义)的量,优选每公斤植物蛋白源从约50至约30000FYT,最优选每公斤植物蛋白源从约100至10000FYT。蛋白分解酶
本发明的溶解植物蛋白源中蛋白质的方法也包括用足量的一种或多种蛋白分解酶处理植物蛋白源。
蛋白分解酶可以是微生物酶,优选源自细菌或真菌株的蛋白酶,或者蛋白分解酶可以是胰蛋白酶或胃蛋白酶。在优选的实施方案中,蛋白分解酶为源自芽胞杆菌株,优选枯草杆菌株或地衣芽胞杆菌株的细菌蛋白酶。商售的芽胞杆菌蛋白酶为AlcalaseTM和Neu-traseTM(Novo Nordisk A/S,Denmark)。在另一优选的实施方案中,蛋白分解酶为一源自曲霉株,优选棘孢曲霉株、黑曲霉株、米曲霉株的真菌蛋白酶。商售的曲霉蛋白酶为FlavourzymeTM(Novo NordiskA/S,Denmark)。
目前认为足以改善植物蛋白溶解性的蛋白分解酶的量相应于每公斤植物蛋白源从约0.0001至约0.5AU(在下文定义)的量,优选每公斤植物蛋白源从约0.001至约0.05AU,更优选每公斤植物蛋白源从约0.005至0.03AU。其它的酶
如上文所述,本发明提供了溶解植物蛋白源中蛋白质的一种方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
(a)用足量的一种或多种肌醇六磷酸酶处理植物蛋白源;并且
(b)用足量的一种或多种蛋白分解酶处理植物蛋白源。
本发明方法的两个步骤(a)和(b)可以连续进行,也可同时进行。
在一优选的实施方案中,本发明的方法进一步包括下述步骤:
(c)用一种或多种选自脂解酶和葡糖苷酶的酶处理植物蛋白源。
本发明方法的三个步骤(a)、(b)和(c)可以连续进行,或同时进行。或者,本发明方法的两个步骤(a)和(b)同时进行,然后进行(c)步骤。
步骤(c)的脂解酶可以是任何三酰基甘油脂酶(EC3.1.1.3)。
步骤(c)的葡糖苷酶可以是任何葡糖苷酶(EC3.2,也称为糖酶)。优选地,葡糖苷酶为淀粉酶,特别是α-淀粉酶或β-淀粉酶;纤维素酶,特别是内-1,4-β-葡聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.4)或内-1,3-β-葡聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.6);木聚糖酶,特别是内-1,4-β葡聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.8)或木聚糖一内-1,3-β-木糖苷酶(EC3.2.1.32);α-半乳糖苷酶(EC3.2.1.22);聚半乳糖醛酸酶(EC3.2.1.15,也称为果胶酶);纤维素-1,4-β-纤维素二糖酶(EC3.2.1.91,也称为cel-lobiohydrolases);内葡聚糖酶,特别是内-1,6-β-葡聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.75)、内-1,2-β-葡聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.71)、内-1,3-β-葡聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.39)或内-1,3-α-葡聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.59)。
在一更优选的实施方案中,葡糖苷酶为聚半乳糖醛酸酶(EC3.2.1.15);纤维素-1,4-β-纤维素二糖酶(EC3.2.1.91);或内葡聚糖酶,优选内-1,6-β-葡聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.75)、内-1,2-β-葡聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.71),内-1,3-β-葡聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.39)或内-1,3-α-葡聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.59)。工业应用
本发明的溶解植物蛋白源之蛋白质的方法可在许多工业领域得到应用。特别是本发明的方法可应用于用作营养物如加入食品及饮料的营养添加物的蛋白水解性的制备。
因此,另一方面,本发明也可提供以本发明方法从植物蛋白源获得的蛋白水解物。
本发明的蛋白水解物可以加入食品或饮料中,从而提高了其营养价值。
尤其是本发明的蛋白水解物可以加至动物饲料中,如单胃动物的饲料中。动物饲料添加剂
本发明提供了一种包括一种或多种肌醇六磷酸酶和一种或多种蛋白分解酶的动物饲料。
当加至动物饲料中时,一种或多种肌醇六磷酸酶及一种或多种蛋白分解酶的联合应用提高了植物源动物饲料中蛋白质的利用度,从而能够更好地提取植物蛋白、获得更多的蛋白质且提高蛋白质的利用。因此,饲料氮的消化性和营养价值都得到了提高,而且动物的生长率和/或饲料转换比(即摄入的饲料重量与体重增加的比)也得到了改善。
在本发明的上下文中,动物饲料添加剂为含有一种或多种肌醇六磷酸酶和一种或多种蛋白分解酶以及适宜的载体和/或赋形剂的酶制备物,并且该酶制备物是以适于加入动物饲料的形式提供的。本发明的动物饲料添加剂可以根据已知的方法制备,并且可以是干燥或液状制备物的形式。制备物所含的酶可以按照已知的方法可选择地加以稳定。
在一具体的实施方案中,本发明的动物饲料添加剂是一种颗粒化的酶产物,它可以容易地与饲料成分混匀,或者更优选地形成预混物(pre-mix)的成分。颗粒状的酶产物可以包衣或不包衣。酶颗粒的大小优选为与饲料和预混物成分的颗粒相当。这提供了将酶掺入饲料的一种安全和方便的方法。
在另一具体的实施方案中,本发明的动物饲料添加剂为一稳定化的液状组合物,它可以是水性或油性基质的浆状物。
在另一具体的实施方案中,将一种或多种酶在将饲料压粒或压碎前进行应用。
本发明的动物饲料添加剂可以在体外(通过改善饲料的成分)或体内显示其效应。本发明的饲料添加剂特别适于加至含高含量蛋白的植物的动物饲料组合物中,这些植物尤其是豆类、谷类、菊科植物或十字花科植物。优选地豆类为大豆、蚕豆、豌豆和/或白羽扇豆(白羽扇豆属植物)。最优选的豆类为大豆。优选地,谷类为小麦、玉米、大麦、黑麦、燕麦、大米、高粱,芝麻(Sesamum indicum)和小米(Pan-icum milaceum)。葡科植物的一个例子是向日葵(helianthus),有用的十字花科植物的例子是油菜(油菜子,如Brassicanapus)。
在另一优选的实施方案中,本发明提供了一种含一种或多种选自脂解酶及葡糖苷酶的添加酶的动物饲料添加剂。
脂解酶可以是任何三酰基甘油脂酶(EC3.1.1.3)。
葡糖苷酶可以是任何葡糖苷酶(EC3.2,也称为糖酶)。优选地,葡糖苷酶为淀粉酶,特别是α-淀粉酶或β-淀粉酶;纤维素酶,特别是内-1,4-β-葡聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.4)或由-1,3-β-葡聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.6);木聚糖酶,特别是内-1,4-β-葡聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.8)或木聚糖-内-1,3-β-木糖苷酶(EC3.2.1.32);α-半乳糖苷酶(EC3.2.1.22);聚半乳糖醛酸酶(EC3.2.1.15,也称为果胶酶);纤维素-1,4-β-纤维素二糖酶(EC3.2.1.91,也称为cellobiohy-drolases);内葡聚糖酶,特别是内-1,6-β-葡聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.75)、内-1,2-β-葡聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.71)、内-1,3-β-葡聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.39)或内-1,3-α葡聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.59)。
在一更优选的实施方案中,葡糖苷酶为聚半乳糖醛酸酶(EC3.2.1.15);纤维素-1,4-β-纤维素二糖酶(EC3.2.1.91);或内葡聚糖酶,优选内-1,6-β-葡聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.75)、内-1,2-β-葡聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.71)、内-1,3-β-葡聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.39)或内-1,3-α-葡聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.59)。
目前认为动物饲料添加剂的PH应在约2-8的范围内。
目前认为动物饲料添加剂中肌醇六磷酸酶活性应在每克总组合物中约200-50000FYT(如下文定义)的范围内,优选在每克总组合物中约500-10000FYT的范围内,最优选在每克总组合物中约2000-6000FYT的范围内。
优选地,加入动物饲料中添加剂的量应足以使每公斤饲料组合物中至少含50FYT,优选在每公斤饲料组合物中含约100-2000FYT的范围内。
可以理解,为增加营养价值(即氮的消化性)加入饲料的实际肌醇六磷酸的量依赖于饲料自身的组成成分。含有大量肌醇六磷酸的饲料一般需加入更大量的肌醇六磷酸酶活性。通过专业人员可很容易地确定需加入的肌醇六磷酸酶的量。肌醇六磷酸酶活性(FYT)
可以用肌醇六磷酸钠作为底物的方法测定肌醇六磷酸酶活性。当受肌醇六磷酸酶作用时,无机磷从肌醇六磷酸钠上脱下。在含亚铁/钼的试剂中,磷(PO4)形成复合物,用750nm的分光光度法加以检测。
一个肌醇六磷酸酶单位(FYT)定义为在标准条件下每分钟将1μmol磷释出的酶的量,所说标准条件为PH5.5,37℃,5.0mM肌醇六磷酸钠的底物浓度,反应时间30分钟。
更详细地描述此分析方法的标准操作程序EAL-SM-0403.01由Novo Nordisk A/S,Denmark备索,其公开物引入本文作参考。蛋白酶活性(AU)
可以用变性血红蛋白作底物测定蛋白分解活性。在Anson-Hemoglobin测定蛋白分解活性的方法中,消化变性的血红蛋白,并且用三氯乙酸(TCA)沉淀未消化的血红蛋白。TCA可溶性产物的量用苯酚试剂测定,它与酪氨酸和色氨酸产生蓝色。
一个Anson单位(AU)定义为标准条件下以起始速率消化血红蛋白,每分钟产生可如1毫克当量酪氨酸与苯酚试剂产生相同颜色的TCA可溶液产物的酶的量。
更详细描述此分析方法的档案AF4/5由Novo Nordisk A/S,Denmark备索,其公开物引入本文作参考。
实施例
参考于下列实施例对本发明进行进一步描述说明,这些实施例不应以任何方式限制本发明权利要求的范围。
实施例一大豆蛋白水解
将大豆蛋白浓缩物(Unico 75,Loders Crosklaan,NL)混悬在50℃的去离子水中。
于85℃对混合物热处理3分钟,再冷却至水解温度55℃。用4N NaOH调节pH至8.5。
将混合物分至三只管中以进行三个比较实验:1)用下述酶进行水解:
AlcalaseTM2.4L,剂量为蛋白浓度的2W/W%。
NeutraseTM0.5L,剂量为蛋白浓度的1W/W%。
肌醇六磷酸酶NovoTM(一种曲霉肌醇六磷酸酶,6900FYT/g),剂量为每克大豆浓缩液1mg。pH以HCl调节至4.5。在pH<6.6时加入肌醇六磷酸酶。2)用下述酶进行水解:
AlcalaseTM2.4L,剂量为蛋白浓度的2W/W%。
NeutraseTM0.5L,剂量为蛋白浓度的1W/W%。3)以HCl调节pH至6.2。加入肌醇六磷酸酶NovoTM(一种曲霉肌醇六磷酸酶,6900FYT/g),剂量为每克大豆浓缩物1mg。
通过检测水解的程度及渗透压对水解液进行监测。结果示于下面的表1-2中。表1渗透压
时间(分钟) | 实验.1) | 实验.2) | 实验.3) |
0 | 103 | 102 | 103 |
15 | 200 | 173 | 145 |
35 | 211 | 183 | 147 |
65 | 232 | 201 | 139 |
125 | 241 | 208 | 142 |
185 | 250 | 221 | 140 |
时间(分钟) | 实验.1) | 实验.2) | 实验.3) |
20 | 12.2 | 11.9 | -1.9 |
40 | 13.9 | 12.6 | -1.6 |
70 | 13.2 | 12.8 | -2.0 |
130 | 17.3 | 15.0 | -2.6 |
190 | 19.5 | 18.2 | -2.4 |
实施例2体外大豆粗粉的N-消化性
制备两种样品:
样品A:
1克大豆粗粉
样品B:
1克大豆粗粉,加上0.032克肌醇六磷酸酶NovoTM(一种曲霉肌醇六磷酸酶,5000FYT/g)。
每个样品与蛋白酶于pH2.4温育2小时,然后与胰酶于pH6.8温育16小时。已悬浮的但未消化的蛋白质用磺基水杨酸进行沉淀。通过过滤和干燥收集未消化的蛋白质(以及其它未消化的成分)。测定滤饼及样品的干燥物质,并用Kjeldahl法测定氮(N)的量。
将氮(N)消化性乘6.25计算出蛋白质消化性。
得到下列蛋白质消化性结果:
样品A(无肌醇六磷酸酶):88.4%
样品B(含肌醇六磷酸酶):89.9%。
实施例3肌醇六磷酸对猪表现氮消化性及氮利用的影响
以大麦-小麦-大豆饮食对猪进行平衡试验。
饮食组成:
大麦 50.8%
小麦 20.0%
大豆 24.0%
动物脂肪 2.0%
melasse 1.0%
矿物质、维生素及氨基酸 2.2%
饮食中不加任何无机磷。于60℃以上将食物制成丸状。
平衡试验包括5天的适应期和7天的收集期。
将12头猪分成2组,第一组用该饮食喂养,第二组用同样饮食喂养但另于每100公斤饮料中加入20.3克肌醇六磷酸酶NovoTM(一种曲霉肌醇六磷酸酶,7370FYT/g)。
测定饮食、粪便及尿中的氮含量并计算表现氮消化性及氮利用。
结果示出表下中。表3氮的消化性及氮的利用
氮/(克/天) | 不含肌醇六磷酸酶的饮食 | 含肌醇六磷酸酶的饮食 | S.E.M. |
已消耗的 | 44.5 | 44.5 | |
粪便 | 6.8 | 6.2 | O.1* |
尿 | 20.3 | 19.5 | O.8NS |
沉积的 | 17.4 | 18.7 | 0.6NS |
已消化的 | 37.6 | 38.3 | 0.1* |
已消化的百分率 | 84.7 | 86.1 | 0.3* |
Claims (26)
1.一种动物饲料添加剂,它包括一种或多种肌醇六磷酸酶和一种或多种蛋白分解酶。
2.根据权利要求1的饲料添加剂,其中蛋白分解酶选自细菌蛋白分解酶。
3.一种动物饲料,它含有一种或多种肌醇六磷酸酶和一种或多种蛋白分解酶。
4.根据权利要求3的动物饲料,其中蛋白分解酶选自细菌蛋白分解酶。
5.一种制备动物饲料的方法,该方法包括向饲料组分中加入下列组分的步骤:
(1)一种或多种肌醇六磷酸酶和一种或多种蛋白分解酶;或
(2)如权利要求1所述的动物饲料添加剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中饲料组分含有植物蛋白源。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中植物蛋白源为豆类,菊花科植物,十字花科植物,谷类或其混合物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中植物蛋白源为大豆。
9.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中加入步骤是在饲料压粒或压碎之前或之后进行。
10.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中蛋白分解酶选自细菌蛋白分解酶。
11.按照权利要求5的方法所获得的动物饲料。
12.一种动物饲料,它含有可通过用一种或多种肌醇六磷酸酶和一种或多种蛋白分解酶处理植物蛋白源而获得的蛋白水解产物。
13.根据权利要求12所述的动物饮料,其中蛋白分解酶系选自细菌蛋白分解酶。
14.一种制备动物饲料添加剂的方法,该方法包括将一种或多种肌醇六磷酸酶和一种或多种蛋白分解酶加至适宜载体和/或适宜赋形剂的步骤。
15.根据权利要求14的方法,其中蛋白分解酶系选自细菌蛋白分解酶。
16.一种或多种肌醇六磷酸酶和一种或多种蛋白分解酶用于一种或多种下述用途:
(ⅰ)动物饲料;
(ⅱ)提高动物饲料的营养价值;
(ⅲ)提高动物的生长速度;
(ⅳ)提高动物的饲料转化率;和/或
(ⅴ)提高动物的蛋白利用率。
17.根据权利要求16的用途,其中蛋白分解酶选自细菌蛋白分解酶。
18.一种或多种肌醇六磺酸酶的一种或多种蛋白分解酶用于制备动物饲料添加剂,该添加剂用于一种或多种上述用途:
(ⅰ)动物饲料;
(ⅱ)提高动物饲料的营养价值;
(ⅲ)提高动物的生长速度;
(ⅳ)提高动物的饲料转化率;和/或
(ⅴ)提高动物的蛋白利用率。
19.根据权利要求18所述的用途,其中蛋白分解酶系选自细菌蛋白酶。
20.一种溶解植物蛋白源中的蛋白的方法,该方法包括下列步骤:
(a)用有效量的一种或多种肌醇六磷酸酶处理植物蛋白源;
(b)用有效量的一种或多种细菌蛋白分解酶处理植物蛋白源。
21.根据权利要求20的方法,它还包括下述步骤:
(c)用有效量的一种或多种脂解酶和一种或多种葡糖苷酶处理植物蛋白酶。
22.根据权利要求20的方法,其中糖苷酶系选自糖酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、α-半乳糖苷酶、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶和纤维素二糖酶。
23.根据权利要求20的方法,其中酶处理是在pH为3-9的条件下进行。
24.根据权利要求20的方法,其中酶处理是在约10-70℃的温度下进行。
25.一种生产蛋白水解物的方法,该方法包括:
(a)用有效量的一种或多种肌醇六磷酸酶处理植物蛋白源;
(b)用有效量的一种或多种细菌蛋白分解酶处理植物蛋白源。
26.根据权利要求25的方法,该方法还包括:
(c)用有效量的一种或多种脂解酶和一种或多种葡糖苷酶处理植物蛋白酶。
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DK470/94 | 1994-04-22 | ||
DK470/1994 | 1994-04-22 | ||
DK47094 | 1994-04-22 |
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CN1146713A CN1146713A (zh) | 1997-04-02 |
CN1064817C true CN1064817C (zh) | 2001-04-25 |
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CN95192690XA Expired - Lifetime CN1064817C (zh) | 1994-04-22 | 1995-04-20 | 一种提高植物蛋白溶解性的方法 |
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US (1) | US5989600A (zh) |
EP (2) | EP0756457B2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3678310B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1064817C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU692859B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2188542C (zh) |
DE (2) | DE69524951T3 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK1142485T3 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1995028850A1 (zh) |
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- 1995-04-20 DE DE69535721T patent/DE69535721T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2188542A1 (en) | 1995-11-02 |
AU2343195A (en) | 1995-11-16 |
JPH09511913A (ja) | 1997-12-02 |
DK1142485T3 (da) | 2008-06-02 |
DE69535721D1 (de) | 2008-04-10 |
DE69524951T3 (de) | 2009-07-09 |
US5989600A (en) | 1999-11-23 |
AU692859B2 (en) | 1998-06-18 |
WO1995028850A1 (en) | 1995-11-02 |
DE69524951D1 (de) | 2002-02-14 |
DE69535721T2 (de) | 2009-03-19 |
CN1146713A (zh) | 1997-04-02 |
EP0756457B1 (en) | 2002-01-09 |
EP1142485A3 (en) | 2001-12-19 |
EP0756457B2 (en) | 2008-10-08 |
EP1142485B1 (en) | 2008-02-27 |
EP0756457A1 (en) | 1997-02-05 |
CA2188542C (en) | 2008-08-19 |
EP1142485A2 (en) | 2001-10-10 |
DE69524951T2 (de) | 2002-08-14 |
JP3678310B2 (ja) | 2005-08-03 |
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