CN105793498A - 预制让位墙和端墙 - Google Patents

预制让位墙和端墙 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105793498A
CN105793498A CN201480064809.9A CN201480064809A CN105793498A CN 105793498 A CN105793498 A CN 105793498A CN 201480064809 A CN201480064809 A CN 201480064809A CN 105793498 A CN105793498 A CN 105793498A
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section steel
type channel
hat type
demising wall
sips
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CN105793498B (zh
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A·柯林斯
M·沃尔曼
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Innovative Building Technologies LLC
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Innovative Building Technologies LLC
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/14—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements being composed of two or more materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/7401—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using panels without a frame or supporting posts, with or without upper or lower edge locating rails
    • E04B2/7403—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using panels without a frame or supporting posts, with or without upper or lower edge locating rails with special measures for sound or thermal insulation including fire protection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/7407—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts
    • E04B2/7448—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts with separate framed panels without intermediary posts, extending from floor to ceiling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

公开了可以是可包括两个SIPS镶板的让位墙的示例设备。每个SIPS镶板可被构造为跨越建筑单元的地板和天花板之间，并且两个SIPS镶板间隔开以限定SIPS镶板之间的间隙空间，其中每个SIPS镶板包括内表面和外表面，内表面具有氧化镁板，外表面具有纤维水泥板。公开了用于将让位墙装配到地板镶板的示例方法。

Description

预制让位墙和端墙
背景技术
建筑物设计和建造是世界上用手构建产品(办公大楼、购物中心、公寓等)的最大行业。由于责任的原因，设计建筑物的人(建筑师和工程师)与建造建筑物的人(承包商)通常是分开的。建筑师不想要如何构建建筑物的责任，相反，承包商不想要如何绘制和设计建筑物的责任。此外，建筑物由按直线序列部署的具有特定行业技能的人建造，并且建筑物通常是在自然环境下在外面用手构建的。因此，常规的建造更多的是过程而非产品，导致大量浪费和效率低下。
行业对于改进效率的反应在历史上一直是预制件化建造。在多住房(公寓、旅馆、学生宿舍等)的情况下，整个单元是在工厂里场外构建的，并且预制件被用卡车运输到施工现场。预制件然后被堆叠和连接。预制件是类似于常规的现场建造的、使用手艺并且用手构建的木质框架。它们被用在低层建造(1-6层)中。该建造方法已经存在了几十年，并且在该领域中存在若干家公司。
相反，一些建筑技术可利用预制部件，而不是预制的预制件。部件包括“成套零部件”，零部件可彼此独立地预制，并被用卡车运输到施工现场进行安装和连接。
概述
让位墙镶板和端墙镶板是预制的子装配件。每个镶板可被设计为满足或超出所有城市里的所有的防火、能源、生命安全和其它适用建筑规范。让位墙镶板和端墙镶板可以是完全集成的子装配件，意味着它们可包含内部单元涂饰；外部天气屏障涂饰；满足或促使满足热防护和防湿保护要求的所有的防水板和隔离材料；水管敷设、防火和电气/数据/通信基础设施。
让位墙和端墙是两个组成零部件，它们可被设计为适合放入整体建筑物解决方案中。让位墙和端墙还可被设计为满足或超出关于中层和高层建造(包括八层和更高层的住宅多住房建筑物)的所有适用规范。
前述概要仅仅是说明性的，而并不意图以任何方式是限制性的。除了说明性的方面，上述实施例和特征、另外的方面、实施例和特征将通过参考附图和下面的详细描述而变得显而易见。
附图说明
通过结合附图进行的以下描述和所附权利要求，本公开的前述和其它特征将变得更充分地显而易见。理解，这些附图仅仅描绘了根据本公开的几个实施例，因此，不应被认为是限制其范围，将通过使用附图来更具体地、更详细地描述本公开，在附图中：
图1是实施例让位墙的示意图；
图2是实施例让位墙与实施例地板和天花板镶板交界的示意图；
图3是实施例让位墙与实施例窗墙交界的示意图；
图4是实施例让位墙与实施例窗墙交界的示意图；
图5是实施例让位墙与实施例入口门交界的示意图；
图6是实施例让位墙与实施例公用墙镶板交界的示意图；
图7是实施例端墙的示意图；
图8是实施例端墙与实施例地板和天花板镶板交界的示意图；
图9是实施例端墙与实施例窗墙交界的示意图；
图10是实施例端墙与实施例公用墙镶板交界的示意图；
所有附图都是依照本公开的至少一些实施例来安排的。
具体实施方式
在以下详细描述中，对附图进行参考，所述附图形成详细描述的一部分。除非上下文另外指示，否则在附图中，相似的符号通常标识相似的部件。在详细描述、附图和权利要求中描述的说明性实施例并不意味着是限制性的。在不脱离本文所提供的主题的精神或范围的情况下，可以利用其它实施例，以及可以进行其它改变。将易于理解的是，如在本文中一般地描述的和在图中示出的那样，本公开的各方面可以以广泛多样的不同配置被布置、替代、组合、分割和设计，所有这些在本文中都被隐含地构想。
让位墙(demisingwall)镶板(panel)和端墙镶板可以是可解决和/或缓解中层和高层住宅项目中的以下问题的子装配件：(a)建筑物的端墙和单元之间的让位(或分离)墙的现场建造成本高而且耗时；(b)提供单元之间的声学分离；(c)与外部的防水、能源和热分离；以及(d)为生活空间的一部分提供室内涂饰。让位墙镶板和端墙镶板可满足和/或有助于满足：火灾防护和规范；关于周围噪声传递的声学等级；能量等级；连接到其它墙镶板的公差；热防护和防湿保护。要理解，并非所有的实施例都可解决和/或缓解上述问题中的所有的或者甚至任何一个问题，并且提供这些问题是为了促进对本文中所述的一些实施例的各方面的领会。
让位墙镶板和端墙镶板可以是充分集成的子装配件，其包括9’×22’的结构隔离的镶板(每个镶板具有被胶合到膨胀聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料芯的不易燃纤维水泥板——被称为SIPS镶板)。让位墙和端墙均可包括在顶部和底部与槽形龙骨(furringchannel)或“帽式”槽钢(“hat”channel)连接的两个9’×22’SIPS镶板。这些材料以这种方式的装配可创建用于分布水管敷设、电气、管道工程和/或其它系统的间隙空间以为建筑物的住宅和/或商业单元服务。
端墙镶板的外部可包括附连到4-7/8”SIPS镶板的耐天气屏障和/或包覆镶板系统。端墙镶板的内部可包含附连到2”SIPS镶板的一系列涂饰镶板。
让位墙可包括两个2”SIPS镶板，每个在外部具有内部涂饰(finish)，在内部具有电气、数据/通信电缆布线、喷洒灭火器管道和隔离材料在其中延展的间隙空间。
让位墙子装配件和端墙子装配件可在工厂/店铺里场外预制，并被运输到项目施工现场以用于(a)附连到地板/天花板系统；(b)连接到窗户和设施的墙；和/或(c)联接到建筑物公用事业设备。水平安装的让位墙镶板和端墙镶板可搁置在在地板镶板和天花板上方现场灌浇的顶部板坯上。让位墙可被设计为实现建筑物规范所要求的一小时防火等级，端墙可被设计为实现两小时防火等级。
让位墙SIPS镶板：在一些实施例中，让位墙镶板可包括如图1所示的以下材料：两个内部2”SIPS镶板，每个具有膨胀聚苯乙烯泡沫芯，其中在内部具有一层12mm的氧化镁板，在外部具有用作用于内部涂饰的基板的11mm的纤维水泥板。两个SIPS镶板都可跨越建筑物单元的地板和天花板之间的距离。在SIPS镶板之间可能不存在任何嵌钉——包括任何金属嵌钉。以这种方式，让位墙可提供无钉内墙实施方式，其中内部涂饰通过纤维水泥板提供，并且建筑物规范要求通过氧化镁板满足。
在一些实施例中，让位墙可如图2所示那样与地板和天花板镶板交界。在一些实施例中，帽式槽钢可耦合到地板和天花板镶板的混凝土表面。在一些实施例中，地板和天花板镶板已经具有在混凝土在地板镶板上方被灌浇之前被安装在地板镶板上的紧固件，诸如螺钉。让位墙可包括当被安装时嵌套在耦合到地板的帽式槽钢上方的姐妹帽式槽钢(sisterhatchannel)。声学填缝材料可被涂覆在让位墙和地板之间。在一些实施例中，第二帽式槽钢可耦合到天花板镶板的表面，让位墙可包括嵌套在耦合到天花板的第二帽式槽钢上的第二姐妹帽式槽钢。耦合到天花板镶板的第二帽式槽钢可使得当负载施加于地板和天花板镶板时在天花板和让位墙的交界面处具有柔性。对于实施例，第二姐妹帽式槽钢可比耦合到天花板镶板的表面的第二帽式槽钢深。以这种方式，可在第二姐妹帽式槽钢和第二帽式槽钢之间限定间隙，以使得地板或天花板镶板的移动可通过由该间隙提供的柔性来适应。在一些实施例中，防火填缝材料被施加在天花板和让位墙的交界面处。
在一些实施例中，让位墙可如图3和图4所示那样与窗墙交界。在一些实施例中，让位墙可如图5所示那样与入口门交界。在一些实施例中，让位墙可如图所示那样与公用墙交界。在一些实施例中，让位墙可具有多于一个的界面。
端墙SIPS镶板：在一些实施例中，端墙镶板可包括如图7所示的以下材料：(a)外部4-7/8”SIPS镶板，其具有耐天气屏障和包覆系统；以及(b)内部2”SIPS镶板，其具有膨胀聚苯乙烯泡沫芯，其中在内部具有一层12mm的氧化镁板，在内部具有用作用于内部涂饰的基板的11mm的纤维水泥板。
在一些实施例中，端墙可如图8所示那样与地板和天花板镶板交界。在一些实施例中，帽式槽钢可耦合到地板和天花板镶板的混凝土表面。在一些实施例中，地板和天花板镶板已经具有在混凝土在地板镶板上方被灌浇之前被安装在地板镶板上的紧固件，诸如螺钉。端墙可包括当被安装时嵌套在耦合到地板的帽式槽钢上方的姐妹帽式槽钢。在一些实施例中，第二帽式槽钢可耦合到天花板镶板的表面，端墙可包括嵌套在耦合到天花板的第二帽式槽钢上方的第二姐妹帽式槽钢。耦合到天花板镶板的第二帽式槽钢可使得当负载施加于地板和天花板镶板时在天花板和端墙的交界面处具有柔性。
在一些实施例中，端墙可如图9所示那样与窗墙交界。在一些实施例中，端墙可如图所示那样与公用墙交界。在一些实施例中，端墙可具有多于一个的界面。
实施例让位墙和端墙可具有几个优点，包括：(a)它们可与电气、防火、水管敷设、排气和其它建筑物系统能力充分集成；(b)它们可既具有内部涂饰，又具有外部涂饰；(c)端墙可具有双冗余的完整的天气屏障系统；(d)它们可针对能源和声音充分隔离；以及(e)它们可满足所有的防火、能源和生命/安全建筑物规范。要理解，并非所有的让位墙和端墙实施例都可具有所述优点中的所有的或者甚至任何一个优点，提供这些实施例是为了促进对本文中所述的一些方面的领会。
在本申请中所述的特定实施例(意图使其作为各方面的例证)方面，本公开不应当是受限的。如对本领域技术人员来说将显而易见的，在不脱离其精神和范围的情况下可以做出许多修改和实施例。通过前述描述，本公开范围内的功能等价的方法和设备(除本文中所列举的那些之外)对于本领域技术人员来说将是显而易见的。意图使这样的修改和实施例落在所附权利要求的范围内。本公开仅由所附权利要求的各项以及这样的权利要求所赋予的等同物的全部范围一起来限定。应当理解，本公开并不限于特定的方法、试剂、化合物、合成物或生物系统(当然其可以变化)。还应当理解，本文中所使用的术语仅仅是为了描述特定实施例的目的，且并不意图是限制性的。
关于基本上任何复数和/或单数术语在本文中的使用，本领域技术人员可以按照其适用于的情景和/或应用而从复数转化到单数和/或从单数转化到复数。为了清楚起见，在本文中可能明确地阐述了各种单数/复数变换。
本领域技术人员将理解的是，总之，本文中且尤其是所附权利要求(例如所附权利要求的主体)中所使用的术语通常意图是“开放的”术语(例如术语“包括”应当被解释为“包括但不限于”，术语“具有”应当被解释为“至少具有”，术语“包含”应当被解释为“包含但不限于”，等等)。
本领域技术人员将进一步理解的是，如果所引入的权利要求叙述的特定数字是有意的，这样的意图将被明确叙述在权利要求中，并且在没有这样的叙述的情况下不存在这样的意图。例如，作为理解的辅助，下面所附的权利要求可以包含引入性短语“至少一个”和“一个或多个”的使用以引入权利要求叙述。然而，这样的短语的使用不应被解释为暗示着通过不定冠词“一”或“一个”引入权利要求叙述将包含这样引入的权利要求叙述的任何特定权利要求限定到包含只有一个这样的叙述的实施例，即使当该同一权利要求包括引入性短语“一个或多个”或“至少一个”以及诸如“一”或“一个”的不定冠词时也是这样(例如，“一”和/或“一个”应当被解释为意味着“至少一个”或“一个或多个”)；对于用来引入权利要求叙述的定冠词的使用来说情况是同样的。此外，即使明确记载了所引入的权利要求叙述的特定数字，本领域技术人员也将认识到，这样的记载应当被解释为意味着至少所记载的数字(例如，在没有其它修饰的情况下，“两个叙述”的直率叙述意味着至少两个叙述或者两个或更多叙述)。
此外，在其中使用类似于“A、B和C等中的至少一个”的惯例的那些实例中，通常这样的构造意图是本领域技术人员将理解该惯例的意义(例如，“具有A、B和C等中的至少一个的系统”将包括但不限于单独具有A、单独具有B、单独具有C、具有A和B一起、具有A和C一起、具有B和C一起以及/或者具有A、B和C一起等的系统)。在其中使用类似于“A、B或C等中的至少一个”的惯例的那些实例中，通常这样的构造意图是本领域技术人员将理解该惯例的意义(例如，“具有A、B或C等中的至少一个的系统”将包括但不限于单独具有A、单独具有B、单独具有C、具有A和B一起、具有A和C一起、具有B和C一起以及/或者具有A、B和C一起等的系统)。本领域技术人员将进一步理解的是，实际上任何转折性词语和/或提供两个或更多替换术语的短语无论是在说明书、权利要求中还是在附图中都应当被理解为构想包括这些术语中的一个、这些术语中的任一个或这些术语两个的可能性。例如，短语“A或B”将被理解为包括“A”或“B”或“A和B”的可能性。
此外，在就马库什群组描述公开的特征或方面的情况下，本领域技术人员将认识到，由此也就马库什群组的任何单个成员或成员的子群组描述了公开。
如本领域技术人员将理解的，出于任何和所有目的，诸如在提供书面描述方面，本文中所公开的所有范围也涵盖任何和所有可能的子范围以及其子范围的组合。任何所列出的范围可被容易地理解为充分描述并使能被分解成至少相等的两半、三份、四份、五份、十份等的该同一范围。作为一非限制示例，本文中所讨论的每个范围都可被容易地分解成下三分之一、中间三分之一和上三分之一，等等。如本领域技术人员也将理解的，诸如“高达”、“至少”、“大于”、“少于”等的所有语言都包括所述的该数字并且指代随后可被分解成如上所讨论的子范围的范围。最后，如本领域技术人员将理解的，范围包括每个单个成员。因此，例如，具有1-3个单元的群组指代具有1个、2个或3个单元的群组。相似地，具有1-5个单元的群组指代具有1个、2个、3个、4个或5个单元的群组，以此类推。
本文中所述的主题有时说明包含在不同的其它部件内的或者与不同的其它部件连接的不同部件。要理解，这样的描绘的架构仅仅是实施例，事实上，可实施实现相同功能的许多其它的架构。从概念的意义上来讲，实现相同功能的部件的任何布置是有效“关联的”，以使得期望的功能被实现。因此，本文中组合实现特定功能的任何两个部件可被看作彼此“关联”，以使得不管架构或中间部件如何期望的功能都被实现。同样地，如此相关联的任何两个部件也可被视为彼此“可操作地连接”或“可操作地耦合”来实现期望的功能，并且能够如此关联的任何两个部件也可被视为彼此“可操作地可耦合”来实现期望的功能。可操作地可耦合的具体示例包括但不限于可物理配合和/或物理交互部件、和/或可无线交互和/或无线交互部件、和/或逻辑交互和/或可逻辑交互部件。
虽然本文中已经公开了各个方面和实施例，但是其它方面和实施例对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。本文中所公开的各个方面和实施例是出于例证的目的，而非意图限制，其中真实范围和精神由权利要求来指明。

Claims (4)

1.一种让位墙，包括：
两个SIPS镶板，所述SIPS镶板中的每个被构造为跨越建筑单元的地板和天花板之间，所述两个SIPS镶板间隔开以限定所述SIPS镶板之间的间隙空间；
其中所述SIPS镶板中的每个包括内表面和外表面，所述内表面具有氧化镁板，所述外表面具有纤维水泥板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的让位墙，还包括耦合在所述两个SIPS镶板之间的帽式槽钢，其中所述帽式槽钢被构造为保持所述间隙空间。
3.一种将让位墙装配到地板镶板的方法，所述方法包括：
在所述让位墙的期望位置处提供地板镶板，所述地板镶板具有附接到所述地板镶板的第一帽式槽钢；
在所述地板镶板上放置具有第二帽式槽钢的所述让位墙，以使得第一帽式槽钢和第二帽式槽钢嵌套，提供地板镶板和让位墙之间的对齐。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，还包括：
在所述让位墙的所述期望位置处提供天花板镶板，所述天花板镶板具有附接到所述天花板镶板的第三帽式槽钢；
将第三帽式槽钢嵌套到第四帽式槽钢中，其中所述第四帽式槽钢耦合到所述让位墙的天花板端；并且
其中所述第四帽式槽钢比第三帽式槽钢深，以使得在嵌套的位置上在第三帽式槽钢和第四帽式槽钢之间限定间隙。
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CA2895307A1 (en) 2016-02-29
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