CN105102909A - 用于制冷剂充填验证的系统 - Google Patents

用于制冷剂充填验证的系统 Download PDF

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CN105102909A
CN105102909A CN201480016023.XA CN201480016023A CN105102909A CN 105102909 A CN105102909 A CN 105102909A CN 201480016023 A CN201480016023 A CN 201480016023A CN 105102909 A CN105102909 A CN 105102909A
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temperature
condenser
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refrigeration system
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CN105102909B (zh
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亨格·M·范
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Copeland LP
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Emerson Climate Technologies Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F25B40/02—Subcoolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2345/00—Details for charging or discharging refrigerants; Service stations therefor
    • F25B2345/003—Control issues for charging or collecting refrigerant to or from a cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/23—High amount of refrigerant in the system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/24—Low amount of refrigerant in the system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/19—Refrigerant outlet condenser temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/04—Refrigerant level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2106—Temperatures of fresh outdoor air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
    • F25B2700/21162—Temperatures of a condenser of the refrigerant at the inlet of the condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
    • F25B2700/21163—Temperatures of a condenser of the refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser

Abstract

提供了一种用于包括冷凝器的回路的充填验证系统，所述冷凝器具有入口、出口以及在入口与出口之间延伸的盘管回路管道。充填验证系统可以包括：第一盘管温度传感器，其位于盘管回路管道上且与入口相距第一距离；以及第二温度传感器，其位于盘管回路管道上且与入口相距第二距离。充填验证系统还可以包括控制器，其从第一温度传感器接收表示第一温度的第一信号，以及从第二温度传感器接收表示第二温度的第二信号。控制器可以确定第一信号和第二信号中的哪一个更接近于冷凝器的实际饱和冷凝温度。

Description

用于制冷剂充填验证的系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2014年3月13日提交的美国申请第14/208,636号的权益和优先权，美国申请第14/208,636号为2014年2月28日提交的美国申请第14/193,568号的继续申请案，美国申请第14/193,568号要求于2013年3月15日提交的美国临时申请第61/789,913号的权益。上述申请的全部公开内容通过引用合并到本文中。
技术领域
本公开内容涉及制冷系统，并且更具体地涉及与制冷系统一起使用的充填验证系统。
背景技术
本部分中的陈述仅提供与本公开内容相关的背景信息，而不会构成现有技术。
压缩机广泛用于各种工业和住宅应用，以使制冷剂在制冷装置、热泵、HVAC或冷却器系统(统称为“制冷系统”)内循环来提供期望的制热效果和/或制冷效果。在任何上述系统中，压缩机应当提供稳定且有效的操作，以确保特定的制冷系统的正常功能。
制冷系统和相关联的压缩机可以包括保护系统，其选择性地限制给压缩机的功率，以防止压缩机和制冷系统的相关联的部件(即蒸发器、冷凝器等)在状况不利的情况下的操作。可能导致保护问题的故障类型包括电气故障、机械故障和系统故障。电气故障通常对与压缩机相关联的电机有直接影响，而机械故障通常包括故障轴承或破损部件。机械故障往往使压缩机内的工作部件的温度升高，并且因此可以导致压缩机故障，并且可能损坏压缩机。
除了与压缩机相关联的电气故障和机械故障之外，压缩机和制冷系统部件可能会通过归因于系统状况(如设置在系统内的流体(即制冷剂)的不利水平或压缩机外部的阻塞流状况)的系统故障而受到影响。这样的系统状况可能使内部压缩机温度或压力提升到高水平，从而损坏压缩机并导致系统的低效率和/或故障。
发明内容
提供了一种用于包括冷凝器的回路的充填验证系统，所述冷凝器具有入口、出口以及在入口与出口之间延伸的盘管回路管道。充填验证系统可以包括：第一盘管温度传感器，其位于盘管回路管道上且与入口相距第一距离；以及第二盘管温度传感器，其位于盘管回路管道上且与入口相距第二距离。充填验证系统还可以包括控制器，其从第一温度传感器接收表示第一温度的第一信号，以及从第二温度传感器接收表示第二温度的第二信号。控制器可以确定第一信号和第二信号中的哪一个更接近于冷凝器的实际饱和冷凝温度。
还提供了一种包括冷凝器的回路的充填验证的方法，所述冷凝器具有入口、出口以及在入口与出口之间延伸的盘管回路管道。所述方法可以包括：确定盘管回路管道在与冷凝器的入口相距第一距离处的第一温度；确定盘管回路管道在与冷凝器的入口相距第二距离处的第二温度；向控制器提供第一温度；以及向控制器提供第二温度。所述方法还可以包括通过控制器来确定第一温度和第二温度中的哪一个更接近于冷凝器的实际饱和冷凝温度。
提供了一种针对包括冷凝器的制冷系统的诊断系统。所述诊断系统可以包括控制器，其确定制冷系统的过冷却温度、冷凝器的接近温度和冷凝器的冷凝器温度差。控制器可以基于过冷却温度、接近温度和冷凝器温度差来确定制冷系统的故障状况和制冷系统的充填中的至少一个。
在另一配置中，提供了一种控制器，并且所述控制器可以基于制冷系统的过冷却温度、冷凝器的接近温度和冷凝器的冷凝器温度差来确定制冷系统的故障状况和制冷系统的充填状况中的至少一个。
在又一配置中，提供了一种用于诊断包括冷凝器的制冷系统的方法。所述方法可以包括：通过控制器确定制冷系统的过冷却温度；通过控制器确定冷凝器的接近温度；以及通过控制器确定冷凝器的冷凝器温度差。另外，所述方法可以包括：通过控制器基于过冷却温度、接近温度和冷凝器温度差来确定制冷系统的故障状况和制冷系统的充填中的至少一个。
本公开内容的其它适用性领域将根据下文中提供的详细描述而变得明显。应当理解，详细描述和具体示例仅意在出于说明的目的，而并非意在限制本公开内容的范围。
附图说明
本文中描述的附图仅用于说明的目的，而非意在以任何方式限制本公开内容的范围。根据详细描述和附图将更充分地理解本公开内容，在附图中：
图1是根据本公开内容的原理在制冷系统中实现的充填验证系统的示意图；
图2是示出了根据本公开内容的在正常充填状况期间盘管温度与盘管回路长度的百分比位置的曲线图；
图3是示出了根据本公开内容的在过充填状况期间盘管温度与盘管回路长度的百分比位置的曲线图；
图4是示出了根据本公开内容的在欠充填状况期间盘管温度与盘管回路长度的百分比位置的曲线图；
图5是示出了根据本公开内容的对于分别安装在盘管回路长度的约40％和70％处的两个盘管温度传感器的盘管温度与盘管回路长度的百分比位置的曲线图；
图6是根据本公开内容的充填验证系统的详细操作的流程图；
图7是根据本公开内容的充填验证系统的详细操作的流程图；
图8是可以操作图6和图7的充填验证系统中的一个或二者的装置的详细操作的流程图；以及
图9是示出了在不同温度和制冷剂充填状况下的冷凝器温度差(TD)、过冷却(SC)和接近温度(AT)的各种组合的条形图。
具体实施方式
将参照附图对示例实施方式进行更充分地描述。
提供示例实施方式使得本公开内容将是透彻的，并且将充分地把范围传达给本领域技术人员。阐述大量的具体细节(例如具体的部件、装置以及方法的示例)，以提供对本公开内容的实施方式的透彻理解。对本领域技术人员而言将明显的是：不必采用具体的细节，可以以许多不同形式实施示例实施方式，并且具体的细节和示例实施方式两者都不应被解释为限制本公开内容的范围。在一些示例实施方式中，对公知的工艺、公知的装置结构以及公知的技术未进行详细地描述。
本文所使用的术语仅出于描述特定示例实施方式的目的，而不意在进行限制。除非上下文另有清楚地说明，否则如本文所使用的，单数形式“一个”、“一种”和“该”也可以意在包括复数形式。术语“包括”、“包含”、“包括有”以及“具有”为包容性的，并且因而指定所述的特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件的存在，但是不排除一个或更多个其它特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或其组合的存在或添加。除非明确地被确定为执行的顺序，否则本文所描述的方法步骤、工艺以及操作不被解释为必须要求它们以所讨论或所示出的特定顺序来执行。还要理解的是，可以采用附加的或可替代的步骤。
当元件或层被称为“在…上”、“接合到”、“连接到”或“耦合到”另一个元件或层时，其可以直接地在其它元件或层上、接合到、连接到或耦合到其它元件或层，或者可以存在中间的元件或层。相反的，当元件被称为“直接地在…上”、“直接地接合到”、“直接地连接到”或“直接地耦合到”另一个元件或层时，可能不存在中间的元件或层。应该以类似方式解释用于描述元件之间的关系的其它词语(例如“在…之间”与“直接地在…之间”、“相邻”与“直接地相邻”等)。如在本文所使用的，术语“和/或”包括一个或更多个相关联地列出的项目中的任意的和所有的组合。
虽然可以在本文使用术语第一、第二、第三等来描述各种元件、部件、区域、层和/或部分，但是这些元件、部件、区域、层和/或部分不应受这些术语的限制。这些术语可以仅用于将一个元件、部件、区域、层或部分与另一个区域、层或部分进行区别。除非上下文清楚地表示，否则本文使用的术语例如“第一”、“第二”以及其它数字术语不意味着序列或顺序。因此，在不脱离本示例实施方式的教导的情况下，以下所讨论的第一元件、第一部件、第一区域、第一层或第一部分可被称为第二元件、第二部件、第二区域、第二层或第二部分。
在本文中可以使用空间关系术语(例如“内部”、“外部”、“之下”、“下方”、“下部”、“上方”、“上部”等)来便于描述，以描述如图所示的一个元件或一个特征与另一个或多个元件或者另一个或多个特征的关系。空间关系术语可以意在包括装置在使用或操作中除了图中所描绘的方向之外的不同方向。例如，如果将图中的装置反转，被描述为在其它元件或特征的“下方”或者“之下”的元件随后将被定向为在其它元件或特征的“上方”。因此，示例术语“下方”可以包括上方和下方的两个方向。装置可以以其它方式定向(旋转90度或以其它方向)，并且相应地解释本文中所使用的空间关系描述符。
参照图1，提供了充填验证系统10。充填验证系统10可以与制冷系统12结合使用，该制冷系统12包括压缩机14、冷凝器18、蒸发器22和膨胀阀26。虽然制冷系统12被描述且被示出为包括压缩机14、冷凝器18、蒸发器22和膨胀阀26，但是制冷系统12可以包括附加的和/或可替代的部件。此外，本公开内容可适用于各种类型的制冷系统，其包括但不限于制热、通风、空气调节器(HVAC)，热泵，制冷以及冷却器系统。
在制冷系统12的操作期间，压缩机14通常使制冷剂在冷凝器18与蒸发器22之间循环，以产生期望的制热效果和/或冷却效果。具体地，压缩机14通过入口配件30接收蒸汽形式的制冷剂，并且压缩制冷剂。压缩机14经由排放配件34向冷凝器18提供蒸汽形式的经压缩的制冷剂。
从压缩机14接收的经压缩的制冷剂的全部或部分可以在冷凝器18内被转换为液态。具体地，冷凝器18将热从制冷剂传递至周围空气，从而使制冷剂冷却。当制冷剂蒸汽被冷却至小于饱和温度的温度时，制冷剂从蒸汽态变为液态。冷凝器18可以包括冷凝器风扇38，其通过强制使空气穿过与冷凝器18相关联的热交换器盘管来增加离开制冷剂的热传递速率。冷凝器风扇38可以为可变速风扇，其通过充填验证系统10基于冷却要求来进行控制。
制冷剂在到达蒸发器22之前通过膨胀阀26。膨胀阀26在制冷剂到达蒸发器22之前使制冷剂膨胀。由膨胀阀26引起的压力降可以使液化的制冷剂的一部分从液态变为蒸汽态。以这种方式，蒸发器22可以接收蒸汽制冷剂和液体制冷剂的混合物。
制冷剂在蒸发器22中吸收热。因此，当设置在蒸发器22内的液体制冷剂变暖至大于或等于制冷剂的饱和温度的温度时从液态变为蒸汽态。蒸发器22可以包括蒸发器风扇42，其通过强制使空气穿过与蒸发器22相关联的热交换器盘管来增加到制冷剂的热传递速率。蒸发器风扇42可以为可变速风扇，其通过充填验证系统10根据冷却要求来进行控制。
因为液体制冷剂吸收热，所以设置在蒸发器22附近的环境空气被冷却。蒸发器22可以设置在待被冷却的空间内，例如建筑物或制冷容器，在该待被冷却的空间中，通过制冷剂吸收热而产生的制冷效果被用于使空间冷却。蒸发器22还可以与热泵制冷剂系统相关联，其中蒸发器22可以位于远离建筑物，使得冷却效果丧失在大气中，并且由冷凝器18产生的排出热被引导至待制热的空间的内部。
系统控制器46可以与充填验证系统10和/或压缩机14相关联，并且可以监测、控制、保护和/或诊断压缩机14和/或制冷剂系统12。系统控制器46可以利用一系列传感器，以确定压缩机14和/或制冷剂系统12的经测量的和未经测量的操作参数二者。虽然系统控制器46示出为与压缩机14相关联，但是系统控制器46可以位于制冷剂系统12的内部或外部的任何地方。系统控制器46可以使用未经测量的操作参数连同经测量的操作参数，以监测、控制、保护和/或诊断压缩机14和/或制冷剂系统12。这样的未经测量的操作参数还可以用于检验传感器以使经测量的操作参数生效，并且用于确定制冷剂充填水平和/或制冷剂系统12的故障。
系统控制器46可以控制冷凝器风扇38和蒸发器风扇42，使得冷凝器风扇38和蒸发器风扇42的操作与压缩机14的操作相协调。例如，系统控制器46可以控制风扇38、42中的一个或二者，以取决于压缩机14的输出而以全速或降低的速度来进行操作。
具有入口50和出口54的冷凝器18可以进一步包括：被置于第一热交换器盘管回路管道和第二热交换器盘管回路管道(未示出)上的第一盘管温度传感器58和第二盘管温度传感器62。第一盘管温度传感器58可以位于距冷凝器入口50的盘管回路长度的第一预定范围内。例如，第一盘管温度传感器58可以位于距冷凝器入口50的盘管回路长度的约40％处或者距冷凝器入口50的盘管回路长度的30％至50％之间的任意位置处。第二盘管温度传感器62可以位于距冷凝器入口50的盘管回路长度的第二预定范围内。例如，第二盘管温度传感器62可以位于距冷凝器入口50的盘管回路长度的约70％处或者距冷凝器入口50的盘管回路长度的60％至90％之间的任意位置处。第一盘管温度传感器58和第二盘管温度传感器62检测在冷凝器18中循环的制冷剂的温度，并且充填验证系统10的系统控制器46可以使用第一盘管温度传感器58和第二盘管温度传感器62来确定制冷剂的饱和冷凝温度(SCT)。
虽然冷凝器18被示出为板翅式热交换器盘管，但是本公开内容可适用于其它热交换器例如较小的5mm微管、微通道、脊柱翅式热交换器盘管或者本领域中已知的其它热交换器。此外，冷凝盘管可以包括具有不同热交换器设计的各种不同的平行的回路。第一盘管温度传感器58和第二盘管温度传感器62可以与各种平行的回路的热交换器中的任意一个相关联。
可以沿着冷凝器18与膨胀阀26之间延伸的管道70来定位液体管线温度传感器66，并且液体管线温度传感器66可以向系统控制器46提供在制冷系统12内的液体制冷剂的温度或液体管线温度(LLT)的指示。虽然液体管线温度传感器66被描述为沿着冷凝器18与膨胀阀26之间延伸的管道70来定位，但是替代地可以将液体管线温度传感器66放置在制冷系统12内的任何地方，以允许液体管线温度传感器66向系统控制器46提供在制冷系统12内的液体制冷剂的温度的指示。
室外/环境温度传感器74可以位于压缩机14的外部，并且通常提供邻近压缩机14和/或充填验证系统10的室外/环境温度(OAT)的指示。室外/环境温度传感器74可以被放置成与压缩机14相邻，使得室外/环境温度传感器74紧挨着系统控制器46。将室外/环境温度传感器74放置成紧挨着压缩机14，以向系统控制器46提供通常与压缩机14邻近的温度的测量。虽然室外/环境温度传感器74被描述为位于压缩机14附近，但是室外/环境温度传感器74可以被放置在制冷系统12内的任何地方，以允许室外/环境温度传感器74向系统控制器46提供接近压缩机14的室外/环境温度的指示。另外地或可替选地，可以使用互联网检索本地天气数据，例如以确定环境温度。
系统控制器46从盘管温度传感器58、盘管温度传感器62、液体管线温度传感器66和室外/环境温度传感器74接收传感器数据，以用于控制和诊断制冷系统12和/或压缩机14。另外，系统控制器46可以使用来自相应传感器58、62、66和74的传感器数据，以使用图3、图4、图5、图6和图7中所示的关系来确定制冷系统12和/或压缩机14的未经测量的操作参数。
如将在下面更详细描述的，系统控制器46确定从第一盘管温度传感器58和第二盘管温度传感器62中接收的哪一个温度更接近实际SCT，并且使用该传感器与从液体管线温度传感器66读取的温度相结合以确定制冷系统12的过冷却水平和充填水平。
具体参考图2，图示了示出在正常充填状况期间盘管温度与盘管回路长度的百分比位置的曲线图。当离开冷凝器18时，约10％至20％的制冷剂处于气态或脱过热阶段，约10％至20％的制冷剂处于液态或过冷却阶段，而剩余60％至70％的制冷剂处于液体/蒸汽状态或两相冷凝状态。过冷却阶段通常产生约华氏10度(10°F)的过冷却，并且被认为是正常的充填水平。
当充填验证系统10在正常充填状况下进行操作时，将温度传感器放置在盘管回路管道上大致在冷凝器18的中点处，以向系统控制器46提供接近饱和冷凝温度和饱和冷凝压力的冷凝器18的温度的指示。当充填验证系统10被正常充填以使制冷系统12内的制冷剂在最佳充填状况的+/-15％内时，由大致被置于盘管回路管道的中点处的温度传感器检测的信息更接近实际SCT。
具体参考图3，图示了示出在过充填状况期间盘管温度与盘管回路长度的百分比位置的曲线图。当过冷却温度大于约华氏30度(30°F)时，可能存在过充填状况。当冷凝器18处于过充填状态时，盘管中点温度可能已经被过冷却，因此提供基于压力的比实际SCT低得多的值。过量的制冷剂可以被设置在制冷系统12内，因为设置在冷凝器18内的制冷剂在到达冷凝器18的中点之前从气态变为液态。
离开压缩机14并且进入冷凝器18的制冷剂处于降低的温度，并且可能采用约40/60的气体/液体混合物的形式。降低温度的制冷剂沿冷凝器18的长度的靠前点处从蒸汽状态转变为液体状态，并且因而当制冷剂接近设置在冷凝器18的中点处的温度传感器时可以为部分液态或完全液态。因为制冷剂处于较低的温度，所以在中点处的温度传感器向系统控制器46报告比实际SCT低的温度。
当制冷系统12在过充填状况下操作时，过冷液相增加，并且第二盘管温度传感器62的读数可以比第一盘管温度传感器58的读数低，因为其中定位有第二盘管温度传感器的管道与其中定位有第一盘管温度传感器的管道相比过冷。因此，在过充填状况期间，与来自第二盘管温度传感器62的温度相比，来自第一盘管温度传感器58的温度更接近实际SCT。
具体参考图4，图示了示出在欠充填状况期间盘管温度与盘管回路长度的百分比位置的曲线图。当过冷却温度低于华氏零度(0°F)时，可能存在欠充填状况。当冷凝器18处于欠充填状态时，在约20％的脱过热阶段后的任何盘管回路管道充分地测量实际SCT温度，因为冷凝器18的其余部分处于两相冷凝中而没有任何过冷液相。
当制冷系统12在欠充填状况下操作时，过冷液体相减少，并且第二盘管温度传感器62的读数可以接近出口液体管线温度传感器66的读数。最终，当过冷却相消失时，因为传感器58、62均仅检测冷凝阶段，所以温度传感器58、62的读数近似相等。在这种情况下，来自第一盘管温度传感器58的温度近似等于来自第二盘管温度传感器62的温度，其反而接近实际SCT。
参考图5，图示了示出盘管温度与盘管回路长度的百分比位置的曲线图。第一盘管温度传感器58和第二盘管温度传感器62的沿冷凝器18的长度的位置分别由在约百分之三十(30％)和百分之七十(70％)处的垂直线示意性地表示。在曲线图上的每条绘制线表示不同的充填状况。在绘制线与第一盘管温度传感器58和第二盘管温度传感器62的相应垂直线之间的交叉点可以由控制器46使用，以在各种充填状况中进行识别。
在冷凝阶段中，温度变化主要作为压力降的函数；因此，温度变化非常缓慢，每盘管回路大致小于3度(3°F)。当在过冷却阶段时，温度变化要快得多，每盘管回路大致大于10度(10°F)。
当来自第一盘管温度传感器58的温度高于来自第二盘管温度传感器62的温度加上约华氏两度(2°F)且两者都大于LLT加上约华氏7度(7°F)(Tcoil1>Tcoil2+2°F>LLT+7°F)时，表明为正常充填状况。当来自第一盘管温度传感器58的温度近似等于来自第二盘管温度传感器62的温度(其近似等于LLT)，表明为欠充填状况；指示应该向系统添加制冷剂。当来自第一盘管温度传感器58的温度高于来自第二盘管温度传感器62的温度加上约华氏五度(5°F)且两者都大于LLT加上约华氏两度(2°F)(Tcoil1>Tcoil2+5°F>LLT+2°F)时，表明为过充填状况；指示应该从系统中去除制冷剂。
例如，当制冷系统12在欠充填状况下操作时，第一盘管温度传感器58可以报告华氏84度(84°F)、华氏89度(89°F)或华氏95度(95°F)，而第二盘管温度传感器62可以报告华氏83度(83°F)、华氏89度(89°F)或华氏94度(94°F)。如果第一盘管温度传感器58报告华氏84度(84°F)，而第二盘管温度传感器62报告华氏83度(83°F)，则过冷却温度为3.2°F。如果第一盘管温度传感器58报告华氏89度(89°F)，而第二盘管温度传感器62报告华氏89度(89°F)，则过冷却温度为0.7°F。如果第一盘管温度传感器58报告华氏95度(95°F)，而第二盘管温度传感器62报告华氏94度(94°F)，则过冷却温度为0.3°F。该曲线图示了针对正常操作以及过充填操作的类似的关系。因此，控制器46可以使用来自第一盘管温度传感器58和第二盘管温度传感器62的数据连同LLT，以诊断系统的充填水平。
基于来自第一盘管温度传感器58和第二盘管温度传感器62的温度读数，系统控制器46确定过冷却温度和充填状况(如图5所示)。基于过冷却温度和充填状况，系统控制器46可以确定可能是必要的矫正措施，例如向系统添加制冷剂或者从系统去除制冷剂。
取决于需要向系统添加制冷剂的量或者从系统去除制冷剂的量，可以以一系列的增量添加或去除来添加或去除制冷剂，以确保没有添加或去除过多的制冷剂。在一系列增量添加或去除中的每个之间，系统控制器46可以确定过冷却温度和充填状况。
现在参考图6，图示了充填验证方法100。充填验证方法100可以在制冷系统12的操作期间由控制器46来执行。
在104处，方法100确定Tcoil1是否等于Tcoil2并且这两个值是否都近似等于LLT(Tcoil1＝Tcoil2＝LLT)。如果上述为真，则方法100在106处确定制冷系统12在欠充填状况下操作。在步骤108处，方法100推荐向系统添加制冷剂。然后，方法100返回到步骤104，以继续对Tcoil1、Tcoil2和LLT进行评估。
如果在步骤104处为假，则方法100在110处确定第一盘管温度(Tcoil1)是否大于第二盘管温度(Tcoil2)加上约华氏2度(2°F)并且这两个值是否都大于LLT加上约华氏7度(7°F)(Tcoil1>Tcoil2+2°F>LLT+7°F)。如果上述为真，则方法100在112处确定制冷系统12在正常充填状况下操作。方法100返回到步骤104，以继续对Tcoil1、Tcoil2和LLT进行评估。
如果在步骤104处为假，则方法100移动到步骤110，并且如果在步骤110处为假，则方法100移动至步骤114，并确定Tcoil1是否大于Tcoil2加上约华氏5度(5°F)且两者是否都大于LLT加上约华氏2度(2°F)(Tcoil1>Tcoil2+5°F>LLT+2°F)。如果上述为真，则方法100在116处确定制冷系统12在过充填状况下操作。在118处，方法100推荐从系统中去除制冷剂。然后，方法100返回到步骤104，以继续对Tcoil1、Tcoil2和LLT进行评估。
如果在步骤114处为假，则方法100返回到步骤104，以继续对Tcoil1、Tcoil2和LLT进行评估。
具体参考图7，提供了另一种充填验证方法120。如充填验证方法100，充填验证方法120可以在制冷系统12的操作期间由控制器46来执行。
当确定制冷系统12的充填时，控制器46可以结合充填验证方法100来使用充填验证方法120，或使用充填验证方法120来代替充填验证方法100。如果方法100、120彼此结合使用，则方法100、120可以独立地确定制冷系统12的充填(即正常充填、欠充填或过充填)，并且可以由控制器46使用以验证每个方法100、120的结果。亦即，控制器46可以使用通过方法100、120中的一个所获得的结果，以通过对经由每个方法100、120所获得的结果进行比较来验证通过其它方法100、120所获得的结果。
在122处，方法120确定TD是否小于约0.75Y(即Y的75％)并且AT/TD之比是否大于约90％，由此变量(Y)表示预定期望TD值，其可以基于系统效率被确定。如果上述为真，则方法120在124处确定制冷系统12在欠充填状况下操作。在步骤126处，方法120推荐向系统添加制冷剂。然后，方法120返回到步骤122，以继续对系统12进行评估。
如果在步骤122处为假，则方法120移动至步骤128，并确定TD是否近似等于预定期望TD值Y(即Y的+/-15％)并且SC/TD之比是否小于约75％。如果上述为真，则方法120在130处确定制冷系统12在正常充填状况下操作。方法120返回步骤122，以继续对系统12进行评估。
如果在步骤122处为假，则方法120移动至步骤128，并且如果在步骤128处为假，则方法120移动至步骤132，并且确定TD是否大于约1.5Y并且SC/TD之比是否大于约90％。如果上述为真，则方法120在134处确定制冷系统12在过充填状况下操作。在136处，方法120推荐从系统中去除制冷剂。然后，方法120返回到步骤122，以继续对系统12进行评估。
如果在步骤132处为假，则方法120返回步骤122，以继续对系统12进行评估。
控制器46可以同时执行前述方法100、120。此外，虽然控制器46在正常充填状况和过充填状况之前针对欠充填状况监视系统12，但是控制器46可以以任意次序执行方法100的操作104、110、114以及方法120的操作122、128、132。控制器46仅被描述为首先执行操作104和122，这是因为大多数商业制冷系统12使用小体积的制冷剂被制造并运输，并且因此，在最初被安装时通常处于欠充填状况。
另外，在另一配置中，系统控制器46可以确定制冷系统12中的故障以及确定过冷却温度和充填状况。例如，系统控制器46可以确定在SCT与OAT之间的温度差(TD)(TD＝SCT-OAT)。TD随着过充填状况而增加，并且随着欠充填状况而降低。系统控制器46可以通过从LLT中减去OAT来进一步确定接近温度(AT)(AT＝LLT-OAT)。AT随着过充填状况而降低，并且随着欠充填状况而增加。
基于前述内容，系统控制器46能够通过分析AT、TD和SC来确定制冷剂充填水平和/或故障，而无需额外的温度传感器(如图1所示)。此外，因为TD等于SC加上AT(TD＝SC+AT)，所以SC与AT(这两者构成TD)之间的百分比分割或比率是发生故障的良好指标。
对于过充填状况，TD为高，但AT为小，因此SC/TD之比大于约百分之九十(90％)。对于欠充填状况，TD为低而SC为低，因此AT/TD之比大于约百分之九十(90％)。因此，如在下面详细描述的，控制器46也可以在其它故障之间进行区分。
具体参考图9，提供了详细说明针对制冷系统12的不同制冷剂充填状况和其它故障的条形图。图表中的每个条图示了针对不同条件下的TD、SC和/或AT中的值和/或关系。例如，当下列条件为真时： 并且系统控制器46可以表示正常充填状况。
当对系统中的故障进行诊断时，系统控制器46可以执行附加的计算，以协助诊断。例如，系统控制器46可以利用表示特定操作条件的其它数据，以允许控制器46在具有类似特性的故障中进行区分。例如，针对百分之一百三十(130％)的充填(过充填)状况以及低的冷凝器气流状况(脏盘管)的TD都为高(例如仅35°F)。为了对这两种故障进行区分，系统控制器46可以确定SC与TD的比率。当SC/TD大于约百分之九十(90％)时，控制器46可以表明过充填状况，并且当SC/TD小于约百分之九十(90％)时，控制器46可以表明低冷凝器气流故障(如阻塞或变脏的冷凝器盘管或冷凝器风扇故障)。
针对百分之七十五(75％)的充填(欠充填)状况和热膨胀阀(TXV)流控制限制二者的TD都为低(例如分别仅为14°F和13°F)。为了对这两种故障进行区分，系统控制器46可以确定AT与TD的比率。当AT/TD之比大于约百分之九十(90％)时，可以表明欠充填状况，而当AT/TD之比小于约百分之十(10％)时，可以表明TXV故障。
如前所述，盘管温度传感器58、62可以用于确定制冷系统12的充填状况。当安装新制冷系统12或者替代地在维护之后对现有系统12进行监测和充填时，此信息可以是有用的。在一种配置中，温度传感器58、62可以与利用来自温度传感器58、62的信息的算法结合使用，以帮助向制冷系统12提供合适量的制冷剂。
算法可以通过计算机(例如，手持设备或便携式计算机)来执行(图8)。在140处，计算设备可以提示安装程序首先选择制冷装置管线集的管线长度和管线集的直径。例如，管线长度和直径可以分别为40英尺和3/8英寸在142处，安装程序可以启动系统并等待约十五分钟或者直到系统控制器46指示系统充填稳定为止。因为制造厂充填仅意图用于15英尺(15ft)的制冷装置管线，如在144处所述的，这种特定单元可能是欠充填的。因此，在这种情况下，来自第一盘管温度传感器58的温度读数和来自第二盘管温度传感器62的温度读数两者均是有效的SCT。在146处，控制器46可以使用公式SC＝SCT–LLT来计算SC，并且确认约华氏2度是否小于SC以及SC是否小于目标SC(2°F<SC<目标SC)，其中目标SC为约华氏十度(10°F)。如果目标SC是由原始设备制造商数据提供的，那么系统控制器46将改为用它作为目标SC。
在148处，系统控制器46可以计算并显示待添加的充填量(X)。在150处，系统控制器可以提示安装程序向系统添加X的充填(如果X大，那么该添加可以以多个增量的方式来执行)。在152处，系统控制器46可以检查系统稳定性，并且可以在计算设备上显示SC与目标SC。在154处，当SC近似等于目标SC时，系统控制器46可以指示完成充填。在156处，如果安装程序通过系统控制器46添加了比所要求的充填更多的充填，则系统控制器46可以确定过充填状况，并且可以提示安装程序恢复并再次开始充填过程。
如果第一盘管温度传感器58和第二盘管温度传感器62均被放置在室内的热泵系统的盘管上，则充填验证系统10和方法100也可以适用于以制热模式进行操作的分割式热泵。所确定的SCT可以用于计算排放过热度(DSH)。此外，充填验证系统10和方法100意在用于制冷系统12的初始安装以及持续监测和维护服务。
出于说明和描述的目的，已经提供了实施方式的前述描述。并非意在穷举或限制本公开内容。即使没有具体示出或描述，特定实施方式的单个元件或特征通常并不限于该特定实施方式，而是在适用时可以互换并且可以在所选择的实施方式中使用。也可以以许多方式对特定实施方式的单个元件或特征进行变化。这样的变化不被视为脱离本公开的内容，并且所有这样的修改意在被包括在本公开内容的范围之内。
现在本领域的技术人员可以从前述理解到，可以以各种形式实现本公开内容的广泛教导。因此，虽然本公开内容已经结合其特定示例进行了描述，但是本公开内容的真实范围不应被如此限制，因为通过对附图、说明书和所附权利要求书的研究，其它的修改将对本领域的技术人员来说将变得明显。

Claims (61)

1.一种用于包括冷凝器的回路的充填验证系统，所述冷凝器具有入口、出口以及在所述入口与所述出口之间延伸的盘管回路管道，所述充填验证系统包括：
第一温度传感器，其位于所述盘管回路管道上且与所述入口相距第一距离；
第二温度传感器，其位于所述盘管回路管道上且与所述入口相距第二距离；
控制器，其从所述第一温度传感器接收表示第一温度的第一信号，并且从所述第二温度传感器接收表示第二温度的第二信号，所述控制器确定所述第一信号和所述第二信号中的哪一个更接近于所述冷凝器的实际饱和冷凝温度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述回路包括压缩机，所述控制器基于所述第一信号和所述第二信号中的一个来控制所述压缩机。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统，其中，所述第一信号和所述第二信号中的所述一个与所述第一信号和所述第二信号中的另一个相比更接近于所述实际饱和冷凝温度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述第一距离为所述盘管回路管道的总长度的约30％至50％。
5.根据权利要求4所述的系统，其中，所述第一距离为所述盘管回路管道的所述总长度的约40％。
6.根据权利要求4所述的系统，其中，所述第二距离为所述盘管回路管道的所述总长度的约60％至90％。
7.根据权利要求6所述的系统，其中，所述第二距离为所述盘管回路管道的所述总长度的约70％。
8.根据权利要求1所述的系统，进一步包括液体管线温度传感器，其向所述控制器提供表示在回路内循环的液体的液体温度的信号。
9.根据权利要求8所述的系统，其中，当所述第一温度大于所述第二温度加上约两度并且所述第一温度和所述第二温度两者均大于所述液体温度加上约七度时，所述控制器确定正常充填状况。
10.根据权利要求8所述的系统，其中，当所述第一温度大于所述第二温度加上约五度并且所述第一温度和所述第二温度两者均大于所述液体温度加上约两度时，所述系统控制器确定过充填状况。
11.根据权利要求8所述的系统，其中，当所述第一温度近似等于所述第二温度时，所述系统控制器确定欠充填状况。
12.根据权利要求11所述的系统，其中，所述第二温度近似等于所述液体温度。
13.一种通过包括冷凝器的回路的控制器进行充填验证的方法，所述冷凝器具有入口、出口以及在所述入口与所述出口之间延伸的盘管回路管道，所述方法包括：
通过所述控制器对所述盘管回路管道的与所述冷凝器的入口相距第一距离处的第一温度进行处理；
通过所述控制器对所述盘管回路管道的与所述冷凝器的入口相距第二距离处的第二温度进行处理；
通过所述控制器来确定所述第一温度和所述第二温度中的哪一个更接近于所述冷凝器的实际饱和冷凝温度。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，进一步包括基于所述第一温度和所述第二温度中的一个来控制压缩机。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中，所述第一温度和所述第二温度中的所述一个与所述第一温度和所述第二温度中的另一个相比更接近于所述实际饱和冷凝温度。
16.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中，确定在所述第一距离处的所述第一温度包括：确定与所述入口相距所述盘管回路管道的总长度的约30％至50％的位置处的所述第一温度。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中，确定在所述第二距离处的所述第二温度包括：确定与所述入口相距所述盘管回路管道的总长度的约60％至90％的位置处的所述第二温度。
18.根据权利要求13所述的方法，进一步包括：向所述控制器提供表示在回路内循环的液体的液体温度的信号。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法，进一步包括：当所述第一温度大于所述第二温度加上约两度并且所述第一温度和所述第二温度两者均大于所述液体温度加上约七度时，通过所述控制器确定正常充填状况。
20.根据权利要求18所述的方法，进一步包括：当所述第一温度大于所述第二温度加上约五度并且所述第一温度和所述第二温度两者均大于所述液体温度加上约两度时，通过所述控制器确定过充填状况。
21.根据权利要求18所述的方法，进一步包括：当所述第一温度近似等于所述第二温度时，通过所述控制器确定欠充填状况。
22.一种执行根据权利要求13所述的方法的控制器。
23.一种针对包括冷凝器的制冷系统的诊断系统，所述诊断系统包括：
控制器，其确定所述制冷系统的过冷却温度、所述冷凝器的接近温度和所述冷凝器的冷凝器温度差，所述控制器基于所述过冷却温度、所述接近温度和所述冷凝器温度差来确定所述制冷系统的故障状况和所述制冷系统的充填中的至少一个。
24.根据权利要求23所述的系统，进一步包括：第一温度传感器，其感测所述冷凝器在第一位置处的第一温度；以及第二温度传感器，其感测所述冷凝器在第二位置处的第二温度。
25.根据权利要求24所述的系统，其中，所述控制器基于所述第一温度和所述第二温度中的至少一个来确定所述制冷系统的过冷却温度。
26.根据权利要求24所述的系统，其中，所述控制器基于所述第一温度和所述第二温度中的一个来确定饱和冷凝温度，所述第一温度和所述第二温度中的所述一个更接近于所述冷凝器的实际饱和冷凝温度。
27.根据权利要求26所述的系统，进一步包括环境温度传感器，其感测接近所述控制器的空气的环境温度。
28.根据权利要求27所述的系统，其中，所述控制器通过从所述饱和冷凝温度中减去所述环境温度来确定所述冷凝器温度差。
29.根据权利要求27所述的系统，进一步包括液体管线温度传感器，其感测在所述制冷系统内循环的液体的液体温度。
30.根据权利要求29所述的系统，其中，所述控制器通过从所述液体温度中减去所述环境温度来确定所述接近温度。
31.根据权利要求23所述的系统，其中，所述控制器基于所述过冷却温度与所述接近温度的百分比分割或比率来确定所述故障状况。
32.根据权利要求23所述的系统，其中，所述控制器基于所述过冷却温度与所述冷凝器温度差之比以及所述接近温度与所述冷凝器温度差之比中的至少一个来确定所述充填状况。
33.根据权利要求32所述的系统，其中，当所述冷凝器温度差小于约华氏十五度(15°F)并且所述接近温度与所述冷凝器温度差的比率大于约百分之九十(90％)时，所述控制器确定欠充填状况。
34.根据权利要求32所述的系统，其中，当所述冷凝器温度差大于约华氏三十五度(35°F)并且所述过冷却温度与所述冷凝器温度差的比率大于约百分之九十(90％)时，所述控制器确定过充填状况。
35.一种结合根据权利要求23所述的诊断系统的制冷系统，所述制冷系统包括冷凝器。
36.根据权利要求35所述的制冷系统，进一步包括压缩机。
37.一种控制器，所述控制器基于制冷系统的过冷却温度、冷凝器的接近温度和所述冷凝器的冷凝器温度差来确定所述制冷系统的故障状况和所述制冷系统的充填状况中的至少一个。
38.根据权利要求37所述的控制器，其中，所述控制器基于所述冷凝器的第一温度和所述冷凝器的第二温度中的至少一个来确定所述制冷系统的所述过冷却温度。
39.根据权利要求38所述的控制器，其中，所述控制器基于所述第一温度和所述第二温度中的一个来确定饱和冷凝温度，所述第一温度和所述第二温度中的所述一个更接近于所述冷凝器的实际饱和冷凝温度。
40.根据权利要求39所述的控制器，其中，所述控制器通过从所述饱和冷凝温度中减去接近所述冷凝器的空气的环境温度来确定所述冷凝器温度差。
41.根据权利要求40所述的控制器，其中，所述控制器通过从在所述制冷系统中循环的液体的液体温度中减去所述环境温度来确定所述接近温度。
42.根据权利要求37所述的控制器，其中，所述控制器基于所述过冷却温度与所述接近温度的百分比分割或比率来确定所述故障状况。
43.根据权利要求37所述的控制器，其中，所述控制器基于所述过冷却温度与所述冷凝器温度差之比以及所述接近温度与所述冷凝器温度差之比中的至少一个来确定所述充填状况。
44.根据权利要求43所述的系统，其中，当所述冷凝器温度差小于约华氏十五度(15°F)并且所述接近温度与所述冷凝器温度差的比率大于约百分之九十(90％)时，所述控制器确定欠充填状况。
45.根据权利要求43所述的系统，其中，当所述冷凝器温度差大于约华氏三十五度(35°F)并且所述过冷却温度与所述冷凝器温度差的比率大于约百分之九十(90％)时，所述控制器确定过充填状况。
46.一种结合根据权利要求37所述的控制器的制冷系统，所述制冷系统包括冷凝器。
47.根据权利要求46所述的制冷系统，进一步包括压缩机。
48.一种诊断包括冷凝器的制冷系统的方法，所述方法包括:
通过控制器确定所述制冷系统的过冷却温度；
通过所述控制器确定所述冷凝器的接近温度；
通过所述控制器确定所述冷凝器的冷凝器温度差；以及
通过所述控制器基于所述过冷却温度、所述接近温度和所述冷凝器温度差来确定所述制冷系统的故障状况和所述制冷系统的充填状况中的至少一个。
49.根据权利要求48所述的方法，进一步包括：感测所述冷凝器在第一位置处的第一温度；以及感测所述冷凝器在第二位置处的第二温度。
50.根据权利要求49所述的方法，其中，确定所述制冷系统的所述过冷却温度包括：基于盘管温度与沿所述冷凝器的盘管回路长度的百分比位置之间的关系来参考所述第一温度和所述第二温度。
51.根据权利要求49所述的方法，进一步包括：通过所述控制器基于所述第一温度和所述第二温度中的一个来确定饱和冷凝温度，所述第一温度和所述第二温度中的所述一个更接近于所述冷凝器的实际饱和冷凝温度。
52.根据权利要求51所述的方法，进一步包括感测接近所述控制器的空气的环境温度。
53.根据权利要求52所述的方法，其中，确定所述冷凝器温度差包括：通过所述控制器从所述饱和冷凝温度中减去所述环境温度。
54.根据权利要求52所述的方法，进一步包括感测在所述制冷系统内循环的液体的液体温度。
55.根据权利要求54所述的方法，其中，确定所述接近温度包括：通过所述控制器从所述液体温度中减去所述环境温度。
56.根据权利要求48所述的方法，其中，确定所述故障状况包括：通过所述控制器对所述过冷却温度与所述接近温度的百分比分割或比率进行计算。
57.根据权利要求48所述的方法，其中，确定所述充填状况包括：通过所述控制器对所述过冷却温度与所述冷凝器温度差之比以及所述接近温度与所述冷凝器温度差之比中的至少一个进行计算。
58.根据权利要求57所述的方法，进一步包括：当所述冷凝器温度差小于约华氏十五度(15°F)并且所述接近温度与所述冷凝器温度差的比率大于约百分之九十(90％)时，通过所述控制器确定欠充填状况。
59.根据权利要求57所述的方法，进一步包括：当所述冷凝器温度差大于约华氏三十五度(35°F)并且所述过冷却温度与所述冷凝器温度差的比率大于约百分之九十(90％)时，通过所述控制器确定过充填状况。
60.一种执行根据权利要求48所述的方法的控制器。
61.一种结合根据权利要求60所述的控制器的制冷系统，所述制冷系统包括冷凝器。
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