CN101802521A - 制冷监控系统和方法 - Google Patents

制冷监控系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN101802521A
CN101802521A CN200880106319A CN200880106319A CN101802521A CN 101802521 A CN101802521 A CN 101802521A CN 200880106319 A CN200880106319 A CN 200880106319A CN 200880106319 A CN200880106319 A CN 200880106319A CN 101802521 A CN101802521 A CN 101802521A
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temperature
condenser
compressor
condenser temperature
sensor
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CN101802521B (zh
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亨格·M·范
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Copeland LP
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Emerson Climate Technologies Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/04—Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/04—Refrigerant level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/15—Power, e.g. by voltage or current
    • F25B2700/151—Power, e.g. by voltage or current of the compressor motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
    • F25B2700/21163—Temperatures of a condenser of the refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)

Abstract

提供一种系统，该系统可包括具有马达的压缩机以及包括流体联接至该压缩机的蒸发器和冷凝器的制冷回路。该系统还可包括产生指示马达所吸取的电流和功率其中之一的信号的第一传感器、产生指示饱和冷凝温度的信号的第二传感器、以及产生指示液体管线温度的信号的第三传感器。处理电路可处理电流或功率信号以确定推导出的冷凝器温度，并且可将推导出的冷凝器温度与从第二传感器接收的饱和冷凝温度进行比较，以确定与制冷回路的制冷剂装载的水平相关的过冷。

Description

制冷监控系统和方法
技术领域
本公开内容涉及压缩机，并且更具体地涉及供压缩机使用的诊断系统。
背景技术
本节中的陈述仅提供与本公开内容相关的背景技术信息并且不可构成现有技术。
压缩机用于种类广泛的工业和家庭应用中，以在制冷装置、热泵、HVAC或冷冻系统(总称“制冷系统”)中循环制冷剂以提供希望的加热和/或冷却效果。在前述系统的任意一种中，压缩机应当提供一贯且高效的操作，以确保特定的制冷系统正确地运行。
制冷系统和相关压缩机可包括保护系统，当条件不利时，该保护系统选择性地对压缩机限制功率以阻止压缩机和制冷系统的相关构件(即蒸发器、冷凝器等)的操作。可导致保护关注的故障的类型包括电气、机械和系统故障。电气故障通常对与压缩机相关的电机有直接的影响，而机械故障一般包括故障轴承或破损的零件。机械故障常常升高压缩机内的工作构件的温度，并由此可导致压缩机的故障并可能损坏压缩机。
除了与压缩机相关的电气故障和机械故障以外，压缩机和制冷系统构件可受归因于系统状态的系统故障影响，该系统状态诸如布置在系统内的流体(即制冷剂)的不利液位或压缩机外面的阻塞流动状态。这种系统状态可将内部压缩机温度或压力升高到较高的水平，从而损坏压缩机并导致系统低效和/或失效。
常规的保护系统通常作为离散的开关感测温度和/或压力参数，并在超过预定温度或压力阈值时中断供给至压缩机的电机的电源。虽然这种传感器提供制冷系统和/或压缩机内压力或温度的准确指示，但是这种传感器必须被安置在系统和/或压缩机内的许多位置，从而增加了制冷系统和压缩机的复杂性和成本。
即使当采用多个传感器时，这种传感器也不会解决压缩机或制冷系统构件的制造中的可变性。此外，这种传感器在制冷系统内的安置容易受布置在制冷系统内的制冷剂的体积变化(即制冷系统的变化)的影响。由于这种系统容易受布置在制冷系统内的制冷剂的体积变化的影响，所以当制冷系统和压缩机经历装载严重不足状态(即低制冷剂状态)或装载严重过量状态(即高制冷剂状态)时，这种温度和压力传感器不会提供制冷剂温度或压力的准确指示。
发明内容
提供一种系统，该系统可包括具有马达的压缩机以及包括流体联接至该压缩机的蒸发器和冷凝器的制冷回路。该系统还可包括产生指示马达所吸取的电流和功率其中之一的信号的第一传感器、产生指示饱和冷凝温度的信号的第二传感器、以及产生指示液体管线温度的信号的第三传感器。处理电路可处理电流或功率信号以确定推导出的冷凝器温度，并且可将推导出的冷凝器温度与从第二传感器接收的饱和冷凝温度进行比较，以确定与制冷回路的制冷剂装载水平相关的过冷。
一种方法，可包括检测冷凝器的温度、检测在系统内循环的流体的液体管线温度、以及向处理电路传送检测到的冷凝器温度和检测到的液体管线温度。该方法还可包括在处理电路利用非测量操作参数推导出冷凝器的温度、使用检测到的冷凝器温度计算第一过冷值、以及使用推导出的冷凝器温度计算第二过冷值。可在处理电路比较第一和第二过冷值并且可报告装载过量状态、装载不足状态和装载适当状态其中之一。
一种方法，可包括检测冷凝器的温度、向处理电路传送该温度、以及在处理电路利用非测量操作参数推导出冷凝器的温度。该方法可进一步包括在处理电路将检测到的冷凝器温度与推导出的冷凝器温度进行比较，并且如果检测到的冷凝器温度从推导出的冷凝器温度偏离预定的量则报告压缩机故障状态。
进一步的应用范围将从在此提供的描述而变得明显。应当理解的是，这些描述和特定实例的意图只是为了说明，且并非意图限制本公开内容的范围。
附图说明
在此描述的附图只是为了说明目的，且并非意图以任何方式限制本公开内容的范围。
图1是结合了按照本教导的原理的保护和控制系统的压缩机的透视图；
图2是图1的压缩机的截面图；
图3是结合了图1的压缩机的制冷系统的示意表示图；
图4是压缩机所吸取的电流与冷凝器温度的关系的图，用于在给定的蒸发器温度确定冷凝器温度；
图5是排放温度与蒸发器温度的关系的图，用于在给定的冷凝器温度确定蒸发器温度；
图6是按照本教导的原理的保护和控制系统的流程图；
图7是制冷系统的装载不足状态、装载适当状态和装载过量状态的示意表示图；
图8是如由用于制冷系统的过冷阀所限定的制冷系统的装载不足状态、装载适当状态和装载过量状态的图形表示图；
图9是过冷与装载的关系的图，显示了有效的冷凝器温度传感器校准范围；
图10是过冷与装载的关系的图形表示图，显示了向上校准大约4.5华氏度的冷凝器温度传感器的校准；以及
图11是过冷与装载的关系的图形表示图，详述了向下校准大约4.5华氏度的冷凝器温度传感器值。
具体实施方式
以下描述本质上仅是示例性的，且其并非意图限制本公开内容、应用或用途。应当理解的是，在全部附图中，相应的参考标号表示相似或相应的零件和特征。
参照附图，压缩机10被示为结合在制冷系统12中。保护和控制系统14与压缩机10和制冷系统12相关，以监控、控制、保护和/或诊断压缩机10和/或制冷系统12。保护和控制系统14利用一连串传感器来确定压缩机10和/或制冷系统12的非测量操作参数，并且结合来自传感器的测量到的操作参数利用非测量操作参数来监控、控制、保护和/或诊断压缩机10和/或制冷系统12。这种非测量操作参数还可用来检查传感器以验证测量到的操作参数并确定制冷系统12的制冷剂装载水平。
特别参照图1和2，压缩机10被示为包括在顶部具有焊接顶盖16的大致为圆筒状的密封外壳15以及具有在底部焊接的多个底脚(foot)20的基座18。顶盖16和基座18装配到外壳15，使得限定出压缩机10的内部体积22。如图2最好地示出的那样，顶盖16设有排放配件24，而外壳15类似地设置有一般被布置在顶盖16与基座18之间的入口配件26。电气外罩28一般在顶盖16与基座18之间附连于外壳15，并且可支承其中的保护和控制系统14的一部分。
曲轴30相对于外壳15被电马达32可旋转地驱动。马达32包括由密封外壳15固定地支承的定子34、穿过其中的绕组36和在曲轴30上压配合的转子38。马达32和相关的定子34、绕组36和转子38相对于外壳15共同驱动曲轴30以压缩流体。
压缩机10还包括用于接收和压缩流体的在其上表面上具有螺旋叶片或包套(wrap)42的绕动涡卷部件(orbiting scroll member)40。十字滑块联轴器(Oldham coupling)44一般布置在绕动涡卷部件40与轴承箱46之间，并被用键固定到绕动涡卷部件40和非绕动涡卷部件48上。十字滑块联轴器44将旋转力从曲轴30传输到绕动涡卷部件40上，以压缩一般布置在绕动涡卷部件40与非绕动涡卷部件48之间的流体。十字滑块联轴器44及其与绕动涡卷部件40和非绕动涡卷部件48的交互作用优选是在受让人的共有的美国专利No.5,320,506中公开的类型，通过引用将其公开内容结合于此。
非绕动涡卷构件48还包括被定位为与绕动涡卷部件40的包套42啮合的包套50。非绕动涡卷部件48具有与向上开口的凹座54连通的居中布置的排放通道52。凹座54与由顶盖16和隔板56限定出的排放配件24流体连通，使得受压缩的流体经由排放通道52、凹座54和配件24而离开外壳15。非绕动涡卷构件48被设计为以诸如在受让人的共有的美国专利No.4,877,382和5,102,316中公开的适当方式被安装到轴承箱46上，通过引用将其公开内容结合于此。
电气外罩28包括下壳58、上壳60和空腔62。下壳58通过使用多个被焊接或以其他方式固定附连于外壳15的柱头螺栓64被安装到外壳15上。上壳60以相配的方式被下壳58容纳并在它们之间限定出空腔62。空腔62定位在压缩机10的外壳15上并且可用来收容保护和控制系统14的相应构件和/或用来控制压缩机10和/或制冷系统12的操作的其它硬件。
特别参照图2，压缩机10可包括致动组件65，其选择性地将绕动涡卷部件40与非绕动涡卷部件48分开，以在容量减小模式与全容量模式之间调节压缩机10的容量。致动组件65可包括连接到绕动涡卷部件40的螺线管66和与螺线管66耦合的控制器68，该控制器68用于控制螺线管66在伸出位置与缩回位置之间的移动。
螺线管66进入伸出位置的移动将绕动涡卷部件40的包套42与非绕动涡卷部件48的包套50分开，以减少压缩机10的输出。相反地，螺线管66进入缩回位置的移动移动绕动涡卷部件40的包套42使其更接近非绕动涡卷部件48的包套50，以增加压缩机的输出。这样，可以根据需要或响应故障状态调节压缩机10的容量。虽然将螺线管66进入伸出位置的移动描述为将绕动涡卷部件40的包套42与非绕动涡卷部件48的包套50分开，但是螺线管66进入伸出位置的移动可任选地移动绕动涡卷部件40的包套42使其与非绕动涡卷部件48的包套50接合。类似地，虽然将螺线管66进入缩回位置的移动描述为移动绕动涡卷部件40的包套42使其更接近非绕动涡卷部件48的包套50，但是螺线管66进入缩回位置的移动可任选地移动绕动涡卷部件40的包套42使其离开非绕动涡卷部件48的包套50。致动组件65可为受让人的共有的美国专利No.6,412,293中公开的类型，通过引用将其公开内容结合于此。
特别参照图3，制冷系统12被示为包括冷凝器70、蒸发器72以及一般布置在冷凝器70与蒸发器72之间的膨胀装置74。制冷系统12还可包括与冷凝器70相关的冷凝器风扇76和与蒸发器72相关的蒸发器风扇78。冷凝器风扇76和蒸发器风扇78中的每一个都可为可基于制冷系统12的冷却和/或加热要求而被控制的可变速风扇。此外，冷凝器风扇76和蒸发器风扇78中的每一个都可被保护和控制系统14控制，使得冷凝器风扇76和蒸发器风扇78的操作可与压缩机10的操作协调。
在操作中，压缩机10一般在冷凝器70与蒸发器72之间循环制冷剂，以产生希望的加热和/或冷却效果。压缩机10一般在入口配件26处从蒸发器72接收蒸气制冷剂，并且在绕动涡卷部件40与非绕动涡卷部件48之间压缩蒸气制冷剂，以在排放配件24处以排放压力递送蒸气制冷剂。
一旦压缩机10已将蒸气制冷剂充分压缩至排放压力，排放压力制冷剂便在排放配件24处离开压缩机10并在制冷系统12内移向冷凝器70。一旦蒸气进入冷凝器70，制冷剂便从气相变成液相，从而排出热量。排出的热量由冷凝器风扇76通过经由冷凝器70的空气循环从冷凝器70被除去。当制冷剂已充分从气相变成液相时，制冷剂离开冷凝器70并且在制冷系统12内一般移向膨胀装置74和蒸发器72。
刚离开冷凝器70后，制冷剂首先遭遇膨胀装置74。一旦膨胀装置74已充分膨胀液体制冷剂，液体制冷剂便进入蒸发器72，以从液相变成气相。一旦布置在蒸发器72内，液体制冷剂便吸收热量，从而从液体变成蒸气并产生冷却效果。如果蒸发器72布置在建筑物内部，则所希望的冷却效果被循环进入建筑物中以通过蒸发器风扇78冷却建筑物。如果蒸发器72与热泵制冷系统相关联，则蒸发器72可远离建筑物定位，使得冷却效果损耗到大气中并且冷凝器70所经历的排出的热量被引导到建筑物内部以加热建筑物。在任一配置中，一旦制冷剂已充分从液相变成气相，汽化的制冷剂被压缩机10的入口配件26接收以重新开始循环。
特别参照图2和图3，保护和控制系统14被示为包括高侧传感器80、低侧传感器82、液体管线温度传感器84和室外/环境温度传感器86。保护和控制系统14还包括处理电路88和电力中断系统90，它们中的每一个都可布置在被安装到压缩机10的外壳15上的电气外罩28内。传感器80、82、84、86共同向处理电路88提供传感器数据，该传感器数据由处理电路88在确定压缩机10和/或制冷系统12的非测量操作参数时使用。处理电路88利用传感器数据和确定的非测量操作参数来诊断压缩机10和/或制冷系统12并根据鉴定的故障而选择性地经由电力中断系统90对压缩机10的电马达限制电力。保护和控制系统14优选是在受让人的共有的于2007年7月12日申请的美国专利申请No.11/776,879中公开的类型，通过引用将其公开内容结合于此。
高侧传感器80一般提供与诸如压缩机机械失效、马达失效和电气构件失效的高侧故障有关的诊断，这些失效诸如失相位(missingphase)、反相位、马达绕组电流失衡、断路、低电压、锁定的转子电流、过高的马达绕组温度、焊接或打开的接触器以及短循环。高侧传感器80可为监控压缩机电流和电压以确定和区分机械失效、马达失效和电气构件失效的电流传感器。高侧传感器80可被安装在电气外罩28内，或可任选地结合在压缩机10的外壳15内(图2)。在任一种情况下，诸如在受让人的共有的美国专利No.6,615,594、于2004年12月30日申请的美国专利申请No.11/027,757和于2005年2月16日申请的美国专利申请No.11/059,646中公开的那样，高侧传感器80监控压缩机10所吸取的电流并产生指示它的信号，通过引用将这些专利的公开内容结合于此。
虽然在此所述的高侧传感器80可提供压缩机电流信息，但保护和控制系统14也可包括安装在排放压力区域中的排放压力传感器92和/或安装在压缩机外壳15内或附近的诸如在排放配件24内的温度传感器94(图2)。温度传感器94可另外或任选地沿着一般在压缩机10与冷凝器70之间延伸的管道103定位在压缩机10的外面(图3)，并且可被紧邻冷凝器70的入口布置。上述传感器中的任一个或全部可与高侧传感器80结合使用，以向保护和控制系统14提供额外的系统信息。
低侧传感器82一般提供与诸如制冷剂的装载不足、管口堵塞、蒸发器风扇失效或压缩机10中泄漏的低侧故障有关的诊断。低侧传感器82可被布置在排放配件24或压缩机10的排放通道52附近并监控离开压缩机10的压缩流体的排放管线温度。除了上述以外，低侧传感器82可布置在压缩机外壳15的外面以及排放配件24附近，使得处于排放压力的蒸气遭遇低侧传感器82。将低侧传感器82定位在外壳15的外面，通过向低侧传感器82提供易于适于供实际中任何压缩机和任何系统使用的能力，使得压缩机和系统设计变得灵活。
虽然低侧传感器82可提供排放管线温度信息，但是保护和控制系统14也可包括吸入压力传感器96或低侧温度传感器98，其可被安装在诸如入口配件26的压缩机10的入口附近(图2)。吸入压力传感器96和低侧温度传感器98可另外或任选地沿着一般在蒸发器72与压缩机10之间延伸的管道105布置并且可被紧邻蒸发器72的出口布置。上述传感器中的任一个或全部可与低侧传感器82结合使用，以向保护和控制系统14提供额外的系统信息。
虽然低侧传感器82可定位在压缩机10的外壳15的外面，但也可类似地在压缩机10的外壳15内测量压缩机10的排放温度。可使用一般在排放配件24处采集的排放核心温度以代替图2中所示的排放管线温度布置。密封端子组件100可与这种内部排放温度传感器一起使用，以保持压缩机外壳15的密封特性。
液体管线温度传感器68可靠近冷凝器70的出口定位在冷凝器70内或沿着一般在冷凝器70的出口与膨胀装置74之间延伸的管道102定位。在这个位置，液体管线温度传感器84位于制冷系统12内的这样一个位置：如果制冷系统12为热泵，该位置代表冷却模式和加热模式二者共用的液体位置。
由于液体管线温度传感器一般布置在冷凝器70的出口附近或沿着一般在冷凝器70的出口与膨胀装置74之间延伸的管道102布置，所以液体管线温度传感器84遭遇液体冷却剂(即，在制冷剂已在冷凝器70内从蒸气变成液体之后)并向处理电路88提供液体制冷剂的温度的指示。虽然将液体管线温度传感器84描述为处于冷凝器70的出口附近或沿着在冷凝器70与膨胀装置74之间延伸的管道102，但液体管线温度传感器84也可被安置在制冷系统12内可允许液体管线温度传感器84向处理电路88提供制冷系统12内的液体制冷剂的温度的指示的任何位置。
环境温度传感器或室外/环境温度传感器86可位于压缩机外壳15的外面，并且一般提供压缩机10和/或制冷系统12周围的室外/环境温度的指示。室外/环境温度传感器86可邻近压缩机外壳15定位使得室外/环境温度传感器86紧邻处理电路88(图2)。紧邻压缩机外壳15安置室外/环境温度传感器86向处理电路88提供了大致靠近压缩机10的温度的测量。紧邻压缩机外壳15定位室外/环境温度传感器86不仅向处理电路88提供了围绕压缩机10的周围空气的准确测量，而且还允许将室外/环境温度传感器86附连于电气外罩28上或电气外罩28中。
处理电路88从高侧传感器80、低侧传感器82、液体管线温度传感器84和室外/环境温度传感器86接收传感器数据以用于控制和诊断压缩机10和/或制冷系统12。处理电路88还另外使用来自相应传感器80、82、84、86的传感器数据以通过利用图4和5所示的关系确定压缩机10和/或制冷系统12的非测量操作参数。
处理电路88基于从相应传感器80、82、84、86接收的传感器数据确定压缩机10和/或制冷系统12的非测量操作参数而无需单独的用于各非测量操作参数的传感器。处理电路88可确定冷凝器温度(Tcond)、制冷系统12的过冷、冷凝器温度与室外/环境温度(TD)之间的温差以及制冷系统12的排放过热，如受让人的共有的于2007年7月12日申请的美国专利申请No.11/776,879中公开的那样，通过引用将其公开内容结合于此。
处理电路88可通过参考压缩机映射图(图4)上的压缩机功率或电流来确定冷凝器温度。推导出的冷凝器温度一般为等同于用于特定制冷剂的排放压力的饱和冷凝器温度，并且应当接近在冷凝器70的中点处的温度。
压缩机映射图在图4中提供，其显示了压缩机电流与在各种蒸发器温度(Tevap)下的冷凝器温度的关系。如所示，不论蒸发器温度如何，电流都保持相当恒定。因此，虽然精确的蒸发器温度可由二次(degree)多项式(即，二次函数)确定，但为了控制的目的，蒸发器温度可由一次多项式(即，线性函数)确定，并且可被近似为大致40、50或55华氏度。当确定冷凝器温度时，与选择不正确的蒸发器温度相关的误差最小。虽然示出了压缩机电流，但可使用压缩机功率和/或电压来代替用于确定冷凝器温度的电流。可基于例如由高压侧传感器80所指示的马达32所吸取的电压和电流来确定压缩机功率。
如果使用压缩机功率来确定所确定的冷凝器温度，则可通过对预定数量的电路循环积分电压和电流的乘积来确定压缩机功率。例如，处理电路88可通过在电循环期间每半毫秒(即，每0.5毫秒)采集电压和电流的读数来确定压缩机功率。如果电循环包括16毫秒，则在每个电循环取得32个数据点。在一种构造中，处理电路88可对三个电循环积分电压和电流的乘积，使得采集了总计96个读数(即，每个循环32个数据点的3个循环)以用于确定所确定的冷凝器温度。
一旦压缩机电流(或功率)已知并且基于压缩机映射图(图4)中包含的基线电压对电压进行调节，就可通过利用图4的压缩机映射图将压缩机电流与冷凝器温度进行比较来确定冷凝器温度。然后可通过参考另一压缩机映射图(图5)上的推导出的冷凝器温度来确定蒸发器温度。在受让人的共有的于2005年2月16日申请的美国专利申请No.11/059,646和受让人的共有的于2007年7月12日申请的美国专利申请No.11/776,879中描述了以上用于确定冷凝器温度和蒸发器温度的过程，通过引用将这些专利的公开内容结合于此。
一旦推导出冷凝器温度，处理电路88然后便能够通过将推导出的冷凝器温度减去如液体管线温度传感器84所指示的液体管线温度并且然后减去代表压缩机10的出口与冷凝器70的出口之间的压降的另外的小值(通常为2-3°F)来确定制冷系统12的过冷。因此，处理电路88不仅能够确定冷凝器温度，而且能够确定制冷系统12的过冷，而无需用于任一操作参数的额外的温度传感器。
虽然以上方法无需额外的温度传感器可确定冷凝器70的温度，但以上方法不能够准确地获得冷凝器的实际温度。由于压缩机和系统可变性(即，例如由于制造的可变性)，如利用图4的压缩机映射图推导出的冷凝器70的温度不能够提供冷凝器70的实际温度。例如，虽然处理电路88接收的关于电压和电流的数据是准确的，但其上参考了电流以确定推导出的冷凝器温度的映射图(图4)不能够代表压缩机10的实际性能。例如，虽然图4所示的映射图对于大多数压缩机10来说可能是准确的，但该映射图对于在制造规格之外制造的压缩机来说可能是不准确的。此外，如果压缩机10的设计中的改变未被类似地结合到该压缩机映射图中，则这种映射图可能略微不准确。最后，如果现场电压(即，房子电压)不同于该压缩机映射图的标准230伏，则电流和功率的标准化以及随后的图4所示的映射图上的参考可产生略微不准确的冷凝器温度。
虽然推导出的冷凝器温度可能略微不准确，可结合推导出的冷凝器温度利用一般布置在冷凝器70的线圈71的中点处的温度传感器110的使用来确定冷凝器70的实际温度。冷凝器70的实际温度被限定为一般在冷凝器70的中点处布置在冷凝器70内的制冷剂的饱和温度或饱和压力(即，当布置在冷凝器70内的制冷剂为大致50/50蒸气/液体混合物时)。
也可通过将压力传感器安置在冷凝器70的入口或出口附近来确定饱和压力以及进而确定饱和温度。虽然这种压力传感器准确地提供了指示饱和冷凝压力的数据，但这种传感器通常昂贵且为侵入型(intrusive)的，从而增加了制冷系统12的整体成本。虽然保护和控制系统14将在下文被描述并在附图中被示为包括布置在冷凝器70的中点处的温度传感器110，但冷凝器70可任选地或另外包括压力传感器以读取制冷剂在冷凝器70的入口或出口处的压力。
温度传感器110一般安置在冷凝器70的中点处，以允许温度传感器110获得指示在冷凝器70内循环的制冷剂的实际饱和冷凝温度的值。由于饱和冷凝温度等同于饱和冷凝压力，所以获得冷凝器70内的制冷剂的饱和冷凝温度的值类似地提供了冷凝器70内的制冷剂的饱和冷凝压力的指示。
温度传感器110在冷凝器70内的安置一般在其中冷凝器70内的制冷剂混合物为蒸气/液体混合物的区域内。一般而言，制冷剂离开压缩机10并以气态形式进入冷凝器70而以大致液体形式离开冷凝器70。因此，通常布置在冷凝器70内的制冷剂的20％处于气态(即，在冷凝器70的入口附近)，布置在冷凝器70内的制冷剂的20％处于液态(即，在冷凝器70的出口附近)，并且布置在冷凝器70内的制冷剂的剩下的60％处于液体/蒸气状态。温度传感器110在冷凝器70内的安置应当在冷凝器线圈71的中点处，使得温度传感器110提供冷凝器70中制冷剂处于大致50/50液体/蒸气状态处的实际饱和温度的指示。
在装载适当状态下，将温度传感器110安置在冷凝器70的中点处向处理电路88提供了接近饱和冷凝温度和饱和冷凝压力的冷凝器70的温度的指示。当制冷系统12在装载适当状态下操作时，进入的蒸气制冷剂排出热量并在作为液体离开冷凝器70之前从气体转换成液体。将温度传感器110安置在冷凝器70的中点处允许温度传感器110在制冷剂接近50/50蒸气/液体状态的点处检测冷凝器70的温度，并因此检测布置在冷凝器70内的制冷剂的温度。当在装载适当条件下操作时，温度传感器110所读取的温度接近压力传感器所测量的实际冷凝器温度。
如图7所示，当制冷系统12装载适当时，使得制冷系统12内的制冷剂在最佳装载状态的±15％内，温度传感器110在冷凝器70的中点处检测到的信息与实际冷凝器温度接近。这种关系在图7中示出，由此测量到的冷凝器温度(即，如温度传感器110所报告的)与实际冷凝器温度如果不完全相同也接近。
如图7所示，当制冷系统12在装载适当范围中操作，实际过冷(即，利用饱和冷凝温度或饱和冷凝压力以及液体管线温度确定的过冷)基本上等于测量到的过冷(即，通过将温度传感器110检测到的温度减去液体管线温度)。当制冷系统12在装载适当状态下操作时，可使用温度传感器110来准确提供指示饱和冷凝温度和饱和冷凝压力的数据。
虽然当制冷系统12在装载适当状态下操作时温度传感器110本身足以提供冷凝器70的饱和冷凝温度和饱和冷凝压力的指示，但是当制冷系统12经历装载严重不足状态或装载严重过量状态时不可仅使用温度传感器110来确定饱和冷凝温度。当布置在制冷系统12内的制冷剂的体积大致低于制冷系统12的最佳装载多于30％时一般经历装载严重不足状态。类似地，当布置在制冷系统12内的制冷剂超过制冷系统12的最佳装载至少30％时经历装载严重过量状态。
在装载严重不足状态期间，比所要求的更少的制冷剂布置在制冷系统12内。因此，当与在装载适当状态下进入冷凝器70的制冷剂相比时，离开压缩机10并进入冷凝器70的制冷剂处于升高的温度。因此，进入的蒸气制冷剂花费更长的时间来排出热量并从气态转换成液态，并因此在沿着冷凝器70的较后面的点处从气态转换成气体/液体混合物。由于在装载适当状态下温度传感器110一般布置在冷凝器70的中点处以检测50/50蒸气/液体混合物的温度，所以当制冷系统12在装载严重不足状态下操作时温度传感器110可在制冷剂处于大约60/40气体/液体状态的点处测量冷凝器70内的制冷剂的温度。
温度传感器110所采集的读数向处理电路88提供了并未指示实际冷凝器温度的更高的温度读数。在制冷系统12内循环的制冷剂的体积的减小致使冷凝器70内的制冷剂处于更高的温度，并且在沿着冷凝器70的长度的较后的点处从气态转换成液态。温度传感器110所采集的读数因此并未指示实际饱和冷凝温度或饱和冷凝压力。
以上关系在图7中被示出，由此实际冷凝器温度被示为比温度传感器110所报告的升高的温度更接近液体管线温度。如果处理电路88仅依赖于从温度传感器110接收的信息，则处理电路88将基于升高的并且不正确的冷凝温度对压缩机10和/或制冷系统12作出控制、保护和诊断决定。
当制冷系统12在装载严重过量状态下操作时，超过需要的过量的制冷剂被布置在制冷系统12内。因此，离开压缩机10并进入冷凝器70的制冷剂处于降低的温度，并且可为大约40/60气体/液体混合物。当制冷剂接近布置在冷凝器70的中点处的温度传感器110时，温度降低的制冷剂在沿着冷凝器70的长度的较前的点处从蒸气状态转换成液体状态，并因此可部分或全部处于液体状态。由于制冷剂处于较低的温度，所以温度传感器110向处理电路88报告低于实际冷凝器温度的温度。
以上关系在图7中被示出，由此在冷凝器70的中点处的温度读数被温度传感器110在比实际冷凝器温度低得多的点处读取。如果处理电路88仅依赖于从温度传感器110接收的信息，则处理电路88将基于低于实际冷凝器温度的冷凝器温度对压缩机10和/或制冷系统12作出控制、保护和诊断决定。
为了解决上述装载严重不足状态和装载严重过量状态，在处理电路88利用从温度传感器110接收的数据校验制冷系统12内的装载之前，温度传感器110应当被校验为处于装载适当范围中。虽然推导出的冷凝器温度(即，利用图4的压缩机映射图)可能略微不准确，但该推导出的冷凝器温度足以在装载适当状态、装载严重不足状态和装载严重过量状态间进行区分，并因此可用来校验温度传感器110。
温度传感器110的校验可以是适应性的，使得温度传感器110在压缩机10和制冷系统12的操作期间被处理电路88利用该推导出的冷凝器温度连续监控。换句话说，在压缩机10和制冷系统12的操作期间以实时原则校验温度传感器110以确保温度传感器110向处理电路88提供关于饱和冷凝温度的可靠信息并且在装载严重不足状态或装载严重过量状态温度传感器110不被利用。为了避免在诸如初始起动状态或除霜状态的过渡状态期间温度传感器110的可能的错误校验，处理电路88也可校验温度传感器110和推导出的冷凝器温度数据二者的定态稳定性，或任选地在压缩机10起动后等待一段预定时间，诸如，例如五到十分钟。
如以上指出，利用图4的压缩机映射图推导出的冷凝器温度可能经受压缩机和/或制造可变性。虽然这种可变性可影响推导出的冷凝器温度，但是推导出的冷凝器温度可用来校验温度传感器110以确保温度传感器110提供关于饱和冷凝温度和饱和冷凝压力的准确指示。一旦温度传感器110被校验，随后便可将推导出的冷凝器温度“校准”(调节)至温度传感器110的值，并因此在检查制冷系统12内的装载时变得更加准确。
只要制冷系统12在装载适当状态下操作，保护和控制系统14就可使用来自温度传感器110的数据控制压缩机10和/或制冷系统12。然而，应当利用推导出的冷凝器温度(即，利用图4的压缩机映射图推导出的)校验温度传感器110以确保制冷系统12在装载适当状态下操作。
一旦制冷系统12被构成且温度传感器110被安装，制冷剂便可由压缩机10贯穿制冷系统12循环，使得压缩机所吸取的电流可在图4的压缩机映射图上被参考。如上所述，在图4的压缩机映射图上参考压缩机所吸取的功率或电流提供了推导出的冷凝器温度，其接近实际冷凝器温度。
推导出的冷凝器温度可被存储以由保护和控制系统14在连续校验温度传感器110时参考。一旦推导出的冷凝温度被保护和控制系统14存储，冷凝器70的温度读数就被温度传感器110采集并被发送至处理电路88。处理电路88可将从温度传感器110接收的温度数据与推导出的冷凝温度进行比较。如果从温度传感器110接收的温度值与推导出的冷凝温度相差预定的量，则处理电路88可报告装载严重过量状态或装载严重不足状态。另一方面，如果从温度传感器110接收的温度数据表明冷凝器70的温度接近推导出的冷凝器温度，则处理电路88可报告制冷系统12在装载适当状态下操作，使得从温度传感器110接收的数据可被处理电路88在控制压缩机10和/或制冷系统12时使用。
虽然可将从温度传感器接收的温度数据相对于推导出的冷凝温度进行直接比较，但处理电路88可另外或任选地将计算出的过冷值(利用推导出的冷凝器温度确定)与测量到的过冷值(利用从温度传感器110接收的信息确定)进行比较。
特别参考图8，提供了详述制冷系统12的装载严重过量状态、装载严重不足状态和装载适当状态的图。计算出的过冷值在该图上被参考以在装载严重过量状态、装载严重不足状态和装载适当状态间进行区分，并通过将推导出的冷凝温度(即，如通过在图4的压缩机映射图上参考压缩机10所吸取的电流所确定的)减去(从液体管线温度传感器84接收的)液体管线温度数据而被确定。计算出的过冷值可被绘于图8的图的Y轴上以提供用于保护和控制系统14的处理电路88在判断装载严重过量状态、装载严重不足状态和装载适当状态时使用的映射图。
如图8所示，当制冷系统12的计算出的过冷小于最小过冷值时处理电路88报告装载严重不足状态。在一种构造中，用于制冷系统12的最低过冷为大于零华氏度或目标过冷值减去十华氏度。最小适当过冷通常在冷凝器70开始失去其液相的情况下被限定。对于大多数系统来说，最佳目标过冷通常在大约10至14度的范围中。在一种构造中，最佳目标过冷值为大约13华氏度。
当制冷系统12的计算出的过冷大于最大过冷时，处理电路88可报告装载严重过量状态。最大过冷可为17华氏度或最佳目标过冷值加上3华氏度中较低的值。再次地，在一种构造中，目标过冷值为大约13华氏度。
基于上述装载严重不足状态和装载严重过量状态，装载适当状态一般被限定为处于装载严重不足状态与装载严重过量状态之间，由此，当制冷系统的计算出的过冷大于最小过冷且小于最大过冷时，处理电路88可报告装载适当状态。当处理电路88报告制冷系统12在装载适当状态操作时，处理电路88可利用从温度传感器110接收的数据来控制、保护和诊断压缩机10和/或制冷系统12。
基于制冷系统12的特定过冷目标，通过利用推导出的冷凝温度——如通过在图4的压缩机映射图上参考压缩机10所吸取的电流所确定的——比较计算出的过冷值，处理电路88可利用图8所示的关系。在一种构造中，过冷目标可在10华氏度与14华氏度之间，从而将装载适当状态限定为处于在最大点处的17华氏度的计算出的过冷值与零华氏度的最小过冷值之间。当计算出的过冷值超过最大过冷值时，处理电路报告装载严重过量状态，而当计算出的过冷值小于最小过冷值时，处理电路报告装载严重不足状态。
当处理电路88基于从推导出的冷凝器温度确定的计算出的过冷报告装载严重过量状态时，技术人员可收到警报以将在制冷系统12内循环的制冷剂的体积减为处于装载适当范围内。相反地，当处理电路88报告装载严重不足状态时，技术人员可收到警报以向制冷系统12增加制冷剂，从而使在制冷系统12内循环的制冷剂的水平处于装载适当范围内。一旦处理电路88判断制冷系统12已返回到装载适当状态，处理电路88便可再次利用从“被校验的”温度传感器110接收的过冷数据。来自被校验的温度传感器110的信息随后可用来“校准”推导出的冷凝器温度以在引导技术人员进一步增加或卸放装载时提高推导出的冷凝器温度的准确性，以获得制造商规定的最佳目标过冷。
特别参考图9，提供了制冷系统12的实际过冷与制冷系统12的计算出的过冷(即，通过将推导出的冷凝温度减去液体管线温度所确定的)之间的上述关系，并将其与通过将从温度传感器110接收的数据减去液体管线温度所确定的测量到的过冷值进行对比。可在测试状态期间利用在冷凝器70的入口或出口处的压力传感器确定实际过冷值，以确定冷凝器70的实际饱和冷凝压力。该值可用来确定制冷系统12的实际过冷，并且可用来将制冷系统12的实际过冷与如通过将确定的冷凝温度减去液体管线温度所确定的制冷系统12的过冷进行比较。
如图9所示，不论制冷系统的装载如何，实际过冷值都类似于计算出的过冷值(即，利用确定的冷凝温度)。具体地，即使当制冷系统12处于装载严重不足状态或装载严重过量状态时，这种具体情形中的计算出的过冷值也接近制冷系统12的实际过冷。相反地，当制冷系统12的装载处于装载适当状态时，测量到的过冷值(即，通过将从温度传感器110接收的数据减去制冷系统12的液体管线温度所确定的)仅接近实际冷凝器温度，如上所述以及图8所示。
当制冷系统12经受装载严重不足状态或装载严重过量状态时，制冷系统12的测量到的过冷从制冷系统12的实际过冷偏离。因此，当制冷系统12经历装载严重不足状态或装载严重过量状态时，温度传感器110不应当被处理电路88用来诊断、保护和控制压缩机10和/或制冷系统12。然而，当制冷系统12的装载在装载适当范围内时，来自温度传感器110的数据可被处理电路88用来控制和诊断压缩机10和/或制冷系统12。
特别参考图10，通过将确定的冷凝器温度减去液体管线温度所确定的制冷系统12的计算出的过冷被示为从制冷系统12的实际过冷偏移大约4.5华氏度。计算出的过冷值与实际过冷值之间的以上差异可引起影响确定的过冷值的接近的产生可变性。
如上所述，确定的冷凝器温度可由于压缩机变化和/或压缩机映射图(图4)中的误差而与实际过冷值略微不同。因此，必须基于温度传感器10校准(调节)推导出的冷凝器温度。仅当已知制冷系统12在装载适当范围内操作时执行对推导出的冷凝器温度的调节。
压力传感器可定位在冷凝器70内以确定冷凝器70的实际冷凝压力。一旦处理电路88确定制冷系统12在装载适当范围内操作，便可将制冷系统12的计算出的过冷与制冷系统12的实际过冷值进行比较。
如图8所示，不论制冷系统12的装载如何，制冷系统12的计算出的过冷值都应当接近制冷系统12的实际过冷值。如果判断制冷系统12在装载适当范围内操作，并且计算出的过冷值从实际过冷值偏移，则随后可通过向上或向下校准计算出的过冷值直到计算出的过冷值接近从温度传感器110的测量到的过冷值为止来校正计算出的过冷值。在图10中，计算出的过冷值被向上校准大约4.5华氏度，以及在图11中，计算出的过冷值被向下校准大约4.5华氏度，直到计算出的过冷值接近实际过冷值为止。
一旦计算出的过冷值被向上或向下校准使得计算出的过冷值接近制冷系统12的实际过冷值，便可连续利用计算出的过冷值来校验温度传感器110。如以上指出，如果计算出的过冷值指示制冷系统12在装载适当范围内操作，则处理电路88可利用来自温度传感器110的信息控制压缩机10和/或制冷系统12。如果计算出的过冷值指示制冷系统12在装载严重不足状态或装载严重过量状态下操作，则处理电路88在控制压缩机10和/或制冷系统12时不会利用来自温度传感器110的信息，而是在控制压缩机10和/或制冷系统12时应当利用确定的冷凝器温度。当制冷系统12在装载严重不足状态或装载严重过量状态下操作时，处理电路88从温度传感器110接收的温度信息无效，因为数据被制冷系统12的装载严重不足状态或装载严重过量状态影响，如以上所述以及图7所示。
在处理电路88完成以上校准过程后，当测量到的冷却温度与推导出的冷凝器温度之差超过阈值时，处理电路88可利用温度传感器110与推导出的冷凝器温度(从图4中的压缩机映射图)之差来诊断压缩机故障。通常，冷凝器温度增加一度使压缩机功率增加大约1.3％。因此，例如，如果推导出的冷凝器温度高于测量到的冷凝器温度十度以上，则处理电路88可报告压缩机在以比预期的效率低大约13％的效率操作。这种操作低效可引起压缩机内部故障，诸如，例如轴承失效或电气故障如马达缺陷或电容器不良。同样，如果推导出的冷凝器温度低于测量到的冷凝器温度大约十度以上，则处理电路88可报告压缩机在以比预期的效率低约13％的效率操作。这种操作低效可引起例如内部泄漏或密封故障。
在执行校准之前，处理电路88也可在中间线圈温度传感器110和/或液体管线温度传感器84上执行诊断以检测传感器故障，诸如，例如电气短路或电气断路传感器。处理电路88也可连续监控温度传感器110以确保温度传感器110读数高于液体管线温度传感器84，从而确认传感器读数有效并且没有随着时间推移而漂移。类似地，处理电路88还可检查以确保推导出的冷凝器温度读数高于液体管线温度传感器84。最后，处理电路88还可检查以确保液体管线温度传感器84读数高于环境温度传感器86。
上述传感器监控和检查能够确认冷凝器温度(通过温度传感器110测量或利用诸如图4中的压缩机映射图推导出)、由传感器84测量的液体管线温度以及由传感器86测量的环境温度的预期递减次序，以确认传感器尚未漂移并且在预定范围内操作。

Claims (32)

1.一种系统，包括：
压缩机，其具有马达；
制冷回路，其包括流体联接至所述压缩机的蒸发器和冷凝器；
第一传感器，其产生指示所述马达所吸取的电流和功率其中之一的信号；
第二传感器，其产生指示饱和冷凝温度的信号；
第三传感器，其产生指示液体管线温度的信号；以及
处理电路，其处理所述电流或功率信号以确定推导出的冷凝器温度并且将所述推导出的冷凝器温度与从所述第二传感器接收的所述饱和冷凝温度进行比较，以确定与所述制冷回路的制冷剂装载水平相关的过冷。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述第二传感器为温度传感器。
3.如权利要求2所述的系统，其中，所述第二传感器大致定位在所述冷凝器的制冷回路的中点处。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述第二传感器为压力传感器。
5.如权利要求4所述的系统，其中，所述第二传感器定位在所述冷凝器的入口或出口其中之一处。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述处理电路基于所述制冷回路的所述装载在来自所述第二传感器的数据与所述推导出的冷凝器温度之间进行选择以监控所述压缩机和所述制冷回路中至少其中之一。
7.如权利要求6所述的系统，其中，所述处理电路在定态稳定周期之后或在所述压缩机起动后的预定的时间量之后在来自所述第二传感器的数据与所述推导出的冷凝器温度之间进行选择。
8.如权利要求6所述的系统，其中，当所述制冷回路的所述装载在预定的装载范围内时，所述处理电路利用来自所述第二传感器的所述数据监控所述压缩机和所述制冷回路中至少其中之一。
9.如权利要求7所述的系统，其中，当所述制冷回路的所述装载小于或超过所述预定的装载范围预定的量时，所述处理电路基于所述推导出的冷凝器温度监控所述压缩机和所述制冷回路中至少其中之一。
10.如权利要求9所述的系统，其中，基于来自所述第一传感器的信息确定所述预定的装载范围。
11.如权利要求9所述的系统，其中，基于来自所述第二传感器的信息确定所述预定的装载范围。
12.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述处理电路基于所述第二传感器与推导出的冷凝器温度之差报告压缩机或系统故障。
13.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述处理电路基于所述推导出的冷凝器温度、所述第二传感器和所述第三传感器的次序诊断传感器故障。
14.一种方法，包括：
检测冷凝器的温度；
检测在系统内循环的流体的液体管线温度；
向处理电路传送所述检测到的冷凝器温度和所述检测到的液体管线温度；
在所述处理电路处利用非测量操作参数推导出所述冷凝器的温度；
用所述检测到的冷凝器温度计算第一过冷值；
用所述推导出的冷凝器温度计算第二过冷值；
在所述处理电路处比较所述第一和第二过冷值；以及
报告装载过量状态、装载不足状态和装载适当状态其中之一。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法，其中，当所述第一过冷值比所述第二过冷值小预定的量时报告所述装载过量状态。
16.如权利要求14所述的方法，其中，当所述第一过冷值比所述第二过冷值大预定的量时报告所述装载不足状态。
17.如权利要求14所述的方法，其中，当所述第一过冷值在所述第二过冷值的预定的范围内时报告所述装载适当状态。
18.如权利要求14所述的方法，其中，所述检测液体管线温度包括检测离开所述冷凝器的液体的温度。
19.如权利要求14所述的方法，其中，所述推导出所述冷凝器的温度包括参考压缩机映射图。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法，其中，所述参考所述压缩机映射图包括在关于电流或功率与冷凝器温度的关系的压缩机映射图上参考压缩机所吸取的电流和功率其中之一。
21.如权利要求14所述的方法，进一步包括通过将所述检测到的冷凝器温度与所述推导出的冷凝器温度进行比较来校验所述检测到的冷凝器温度。
22.如权利要求21所述的方法，进一步包括如果所述检测到的冷凝器温度在所述推导出的冷凝器温度的预定的范围内则利用所述检测到的冷凝器温度监控制冷系统。
23.如权利要求21所述的方法，进一步包括在所述检测到的冷凝器温度的校验之后校准所述推导出的冷凝器温度。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法，进一步包括将所述校准的冷凝器温度与所述检测到的冷凝器温度进行比较以校验制冷系统的装载。
25.如权利要求14所述的方法，进一步包括通过连续将所述检测到的冷凝器温度与所述推导出的冷凝器温度进行比较来连续监控所述检测到的冷凝器温度。
26.一种方法，包括：
检测冷凝器的温度；
向处理电路传送所述温度；
在所述处理电路处利用非测量操作参数推导出所述冷凝器的温度；
在所述处理电路处将所述检测到的冷凝器温度与所述推导出的冷凝器温度进行比较；以及
如果所述检测到的冷凝器温度从所述推导出的冷凝器温度偏离预定的量，则报告压缩机故障状态。
27.如权利要求26所述的方法，其中，所述压缩机故障包括当所述检测到的冷凝器温度比所述推导出的冷凝器温度小所述预定的量时的轴承失效、马达缺陷和电容器不良中至少其中之一。
28.如权利要求26所述的方法，其中，所述压缩机故障包括当所述检测到的冷凝器温度比所述推导出的冷凝器温度大所述预定的量时的容量损失、内部泄漏或密封故障中至少其中之一。
29.如权利要求26所述的方法，其中，所述推导出所述冷凝器温度包括参考压缩机映射图。
30.如冷却要求29所述的方法，其中，所述参考所述压缩机映射图包括在关于电流或功率与冷凝器温度的关系的压缩机映射图上参考压缩机所吸取的电流和功率其中之一。
31.如权利要求26所述的方法，进一步包括如果所述检测到的冷凝器温度在所述推导出的冷凝器温度的预定的范围内则利用所述检测到的冷凝器温度监控制冷系统。
32.如权利要求26所述的方法，进一步包括通过连续将所述检测到的冷凝器温度与所述推导出的冷凝器温度进行比较来连续监控所述检测到的冷凝器温度。
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