CN1049108A - 中空纤维膜的挤出 - Google Patents
中空纤维膜的挤出 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1049108A CN1049108A CN89109271A CN89109271A CN1049108A CN 1049108 A CN1049108 A CN 1049108A CN 89109271 A CN89109271 A CN 89109271A CN 89109271 A CN89109271 A CN 89109271A CN 1049108 A CN1049108 A CN 1049108A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- head
- cross
- liquid
- polymer
- encapsulant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 241000194386 Coelosis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000012489 doughnuts Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 claims 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 240000000233 Melia azedarach Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 240000005373 Panax quinquefolius Species 0.000 claims 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 59
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 30
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 30
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 21
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 20
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 19
- VSAWBBYYMBQKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[3,5-bis[(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl]methyl]-2,6-ditert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC1=C(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C1CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 VSAWBBYYMBQKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 5
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 3
- MGYUQZIGNZFZJS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 2-[2-[(z)-octadec-9-enoxy]ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOCCOCCO MGYUQZIGNZFZJS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N arachidonic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N elaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RIZMRRKBZQXFOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethion Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)SCSP(=S)(OCC)OCC RIZMRRKBZQXFOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- DUXYWXYOBMKGIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimyristin Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC DUXYWXYOBMKGIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CUNWUEBNSZSNRX-RKGWDQTMSA-N (2r,3r,4r,5s)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol;(z)-octadec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O CUNWUEBNSZSNRX-RKGWDQTMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHHKAGDFPQFXLL-QPLCGJKRSA-N (Z)-tetratriacont-9-en-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO WHHKAGDFPQFXLL-QPLCGJKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYXCFUMGEBZDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid Chemical compound CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1NC(=O)N2C BYXCFUMGEBZDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015164 Iris germanica var. florentina Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021353 Lignoceric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CQXMAMUUWHYSIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lignoceric acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 CQXMAMUUWHYSIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001031074 Ongokea gore Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005662 Paraffin oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019485 Safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-AAZCQSIUSA-N Sorbitan monooleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-AAZCQSIUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N Sorbitan monostearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-FPLPWBNLSA-M Vaccenic acid Natural products CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-FPLPWBNLSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000021322 Vaccenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZOJBYZNEUISWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl isothiocyanate Chemical compound C=CCN=C=S ZOJBYZNEUISWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021342 arachidonic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940114079 arachidonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DECIPOUIJURFOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxyquin Chemical class N1C(C)(C)C=C(C)C2=CC(OCC)=CC=C21 DECIPOUIJURFOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000023249 iris florentino Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940119170 jojoba wax Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008164 mustard oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002018 neem oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-dicarboxybenzene Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- QZZGJDVWLFXDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QZZGJDVWLFXDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-BQYQJAHWSA-N trans-vaccenic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940113164 trimyristin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N triolein Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011041 water permeability test Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/26—Polyalkenes
- B01D71/262—Polypropylene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/24—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0023—Organic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes
- B01D67/003—Organic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes by selective elimination of components, e.g. by leaching
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
- B01D69/085—Details relating to the spinneret
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/26—Polyalkenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
- B01D2325/0283—Pore size
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/04—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by the elimination of a liquid or solid component, e.g. precipitation, leaching out, evaporation
- C08J2201/052—Inducing phase separation by thermal treatment, e.g. cooling a solution
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (47)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AUPJ1395 | 1988-11-10 | ||
AUPJ139588 | 1988-11-10 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1049108A true CN1049108A (zh) | 1991-02-13 |
CN1035927C CN1035927C (zh) | 1997-09-24 |
Family
ID=3773496
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN89109272A Expired - Lifetime CN1030169C (zh) | 1988-11-10 | 1989-11-10 | 多孔聚合材料及其制法 |
CN89109271A Expired - Lifetime CN1035927C (zh) | 1988-11-10 | 1989-11-10 | 制造中空纤维膜的方法与装置及制出的多孔聚合物膜材料 |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN89109272A Expired - Lifetime CN1030169C (zh) | 1988-11-10 | 1989-11-10 | 多孔聚合材料及其制法 |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP0423249B1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP2981752B2 (zh) |
KR (3) | KR0153450B1 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN1030169C (zh) |
BR (2) | BR8907138A (zh) |
CA (2) | CA2002798C (zh) |
DE (2) | DE68914156T2 (zh) |
DK (2) | DK173864B1 (zh) |
HK (2) | HK129694A (zh) |
IE (2) | IE62001B1 (zh) |
MX (2) | MX173564B (zh) |
NO (2) | NO178610C (zh) |
PT (2) | PT92293B (zh) |
WO (2) | WO1990005006A1 (zh) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103237593A (zh) * | 2010-08-27 | 2013-08-07 | 马勒国际有限公司 | 多通道隔膜 |
CN104786472A (zh) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-07-22 | 巢湖市荷花渔网有限公司 | 一种鱼线牵伸冷却液 |
CN106521654A (zh) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-03-22 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 中空纤维膜纺丝喷头及制备中空纤维膜的方法 |
CN109890490A (zh) * | 2016-10-31 | 2019-06-14 | 东洋纺株式会社 | 醋酸纤维素系非对称中空纤维膜 |
CN111670272A (zh) * | 2018-01-31 | 2020-09-15 | 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 | 使用喷丝器生产纤维 |
US11007490B2 (en) | 2016-10-31 | 2021-05-18 | Toyobo Co., Ltd. | Cellulose acetate-based hollow fiber membrane |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02208331A (ja) * | 1989-02-08 | 1990-08-17 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 改質したセルロース多孔体 |
JPH02208330A (ja) * | 1989-02-08 | 1990-08-17 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 糸状またはフィルム状セルロース多孔体及びその製造方法 |
CA2082511C (en) * | 1990-05-09 | 2002-09-10 | Thomas W. Beck | Polyvinylidene fluoride membrane |
US5489406A (en) * | 1990-05-09 | 1996-02-06 | Memtec Limited | Method of making polyvinylidene fluoride membrane |
EP0965610A4 (en) * | 1997-03-06 | 2002-04-24 | Asahi Chemical Ind | MICROPOROUS MEMBRANE AND PREPARATION METHOD |
JP4623780B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-21 | 2011-02-02 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | 溶融製膜方法 |
JP4775984B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-21 | 2011-09-21 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | 中空糸状多孔膜の溶融製膜方法 |
JP4605840B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-21 | 2011-01-05 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | 中空糸状多孔膜の製膜方法 |
CN1214854C (zh) * | 2000-06-03 | 2005-08-17 | 门布拉内有限公司 | 具有改进的水解稳定性的聚酰胺膜及其生产方法 |
US7140496B2 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2006-11-28 | Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd. | Multilayer microporous membrane |
WO2010096601A1 (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2010-08-26 | Tredegar Film Products Corporation | Hydrophilic apertured formed film |
AU2010269488B2 (en) | 2009-07-06 | 2013-07-11 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. | Polymer membrane for water treatment |
CN103189131A (zh) * | 2010-08-06 | 2013-07-03 | 台达电子工业股份有限公司 | 多孔材料的制造方法 |
KR20120111990A (ko) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-11 | 유인식 | 식물 지방산이 함유된 합성섬유의 제조방법 |
CN106938526B (zh) * | 2011-09-02 | 2020-06-30 | 3M创新有限公司 | 结网 |
JP6529260B2 (ja) | 2011-10-05 | 2019-06-12 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 三次元ポリマーストランドネット、ダイ及びその製造方法 |
US10389876B2 (en) | 2014-02-28 | 2019-08-20 | Ultratec, Inc. | Semiautomated relay method and apparatus |
CN105561812A (zh) * | 2014-10-09 | 2016-05-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 耐氧化聚丙烯腈超滤膜及其制备方法 |
AU2017272761B2 (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2021-12-23 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Porous hollow-fiber membrane and production process therefor |
CN112267300B (zh) * | 2020-09-11 | 2021-10-26 | 东华大学 | 一种静电纺纤维基超薄连续纳米蛛网纤维材料及其制备方法 |
CN117248892B (zh) * | 2023-11-16 | 2024-02-13 | 东营长缨石油技术有限公司 | 亲油疏水性油田用示踪剂及其制备方法与应用 |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3378507A (en) * | 1961-12-20 | 1968-04-16 | Gen Electric | Producing microporous polymers |
US4020230A (en) * | 1975-10-03 | 1977-04-26 | The Dow Chemical Company | Microporous polyethylene hollow fibers and process of preparing them |
IL52259A (en) * | 1976-06-22 | 1981-02-27 | Akzo Nv | Dialysis membrane and its manufacture |
JPS603842B2 (ja) * | 1976-09-03 | 1985-01-31 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 非対称孔径薄膜材料とその製造方法 |
US4110153A (en) * | 1977-09-08 | 1978-08-29 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method of forming a microporous diaphragm |
NO153879C (no) * | 1978-07-31 | 1986-06-11 | Akzo Nv | Fremstilling av en membran med poroes overflate. |
DE3026718A1 (de) * | 1980-07-15 | 1982-02-04 | Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal | Hohlfasermembran fuer die plasmaseparation |
JPS5766114A (en) * | 1980-10-14 | 1982-04-22 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | Porous polyethylene hollow fiber and its production |
DE3205289C2 (de) * | 1982-02-15 | 1984-10-31 | Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal | Verfahren zur Herstellung von porösen Körpern mit einstellbarem Gesamtporenvolumen, einstellbarer Porengröße und einstellbarer Porenwandung |
EP0133882B1 (de) * | 1983-07-30 | 1990-04-04 | Akzo Patente GmbH | Poren aufweisende Formkörper |
US4778601A (en) * | 1984-10-09 | 1988-10-18 | Millipore Corporation | Microporous membranes of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene |
US4726989A (en) * | 1986-12-11 | 1988-02-23 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing | Microporous materials incorporating a nucleating agent and methods for making same |
-
1989
- 1989-11-10 KR KR1019890016407A patent/KR0153450B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-11-10 CN CN89109272A patent/CN1030169C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-10 WO PCT/AU1989/000480 patent/WO1990005006A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1989-11-10 JP JP1511618A patent/JP2981752B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-10 WO PCT/AU1989/000481 patent/WO1990005007A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1989-11-10 IE IE362989A patent/IE62001B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-11-10 KR KR1019890016408A patent/KR0154525B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-11-10 PT PT92293A patent/PT92293B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-11-10 MX MX018324A patent/MX173564B/es unknown
- 1989-11-10 MX MX018323A patent/MX171938B/es unknown
- 1989-11-10 DE DE68914156T patent/DE68914156T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-10 IE IE362889A patent/IE62012B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-11-10 BR BR898907138A patent/BR8907138A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-11-10 PT PT92292A patent/PT92292B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-11-10 DE DE68914149T patent/DE68914149T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-10 JP JP2500480A patent/JP2981770B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-10 EP EP89912619A patent/EP0423249B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-10 EP EP89912867A patent/EP0408688B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-10 CA CA002002798A patent/CA2002798C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-10 BR BR898907137A patent/BR8907137A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-11-10 CN CN89109271A patent/CN1035927C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-10 CA CA002002799A patent/CA2002799C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-05-08 NO NO902026A patent/NO178610C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-08 NO NO902027A patent/NO178289C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-10 DK DK199001664A patent/DK173864B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-10 DK DK199001663A patent/DK174738B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1994
- 1994-11-24 HK HK129694A patent/HK129694A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-11-24 HK HK129794A patent/HK129794A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-01-21 KR KR1019980001735A patent/KR0153291B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103237593A (zh) * | 2010-08-27 | 2013-08-07 | 马勒国际有限公司 | 多通道隔膜 |
CN104786472A (zh) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-07-22 | 巢湖市荷花渔网有限公司 | 一种鱼线牵伸冷却液 |
CN106521654A (zh) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-03-22 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 中空纤维膜纺丝喷头及制备中空纤维膜的方法 |
CN106521654B (zh) * | 2016-10-21 | 2019-04-12 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 中空纤维膜纺丝喷头及制备中空纤维膜的方法 |
CN109890490A (zh) * | 2016-10-31 | 2019-06-14 | 东洋纺株式会社 | 醋酸纤维素系非对称中空纤维膜 |
US11007490B2 (en) | 2016-10-31 | 2021-05-18 | Toyobo Co., Ltd. | Cellulose acetate-based hollow fiber membrane |
US11014053B2 (en) | 2016-10-31 | 2021-05-25 | Toyobo Co., Ltd. | Cellulose acetate-based asymmetric hollow fiber membrane |
CN109890490B (zh) * | 2016-10-31 | 2021-10-12 | 东洋纺株式会社 | 醋酸纤维素系非对称中空纤维膜 |
CN111670272A (zh) * | 2018-01-31 | 2020-09-15 | 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 | 使用喷丝器生产纤维 |
US11674241B2 (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2023-06-13 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Producing fibers using spinnerets |
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN1049108A (zh) | 中空纤维膜的挤出 | |
US5318417A (en) | Extrusion head for forming polymeric hollow fiber | |
US5489406A (en) | Method of making polyvinylidene fluoride membrane | |
JP3442384B2 (ja) | ポリビニリデンフルオライド膜 | |
AU736329B2 (en) | Porous polyvinylidene fluoride resin membrane and process for preparing the same | |
JP3203252B2 (ja) | セラミック中空繊維、特に精密濾過、限外濾過及びガス分離のための中空繊維膜の製造方法 | |
US5698101A (en) | Hollow fiber membranes | |
CN102713029A (zh) | 制备超支化中空纤维的方法 | |
KR20140142567A (ko) | 비대칭성 폴리비닐리덴플루오라이드 중공사막의 제조방법 및 이로부터 제조된 중공사막 | |
CN105084463B (zh) | 一种中空纤维溶氧膜及其组件 | |
US20050142280A1 (en) | System and method for synthesizing a polymer membrane | |
JP5546993B2 (ja) | 異形多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法、異形多孔性中空糸膜、異形多孔性中空糸膜を用いたモジュール、異形多孔性中空糸膜を用いたろ過装置及び異形多孔性中空糸膜を用いたろ過方法 | |
CA2255638A1 (en) | Device and method for producing cellulose tubular films | |
AU629363B2 (en) | Tubular membrane | |
US5277851A (en) | Process of making a porous hollow fiber membrane | |
JP2001087633A (ja) | 中空糸状多孔膜の溶融製膜方法 | |
KR20140096628A (ko) | 압출기를 이용한 연속공정으로 균일한 크기의 구형 구조가 막 전체에 고르게 형성된 중공사막을 제조하는 방법 | |
AU653528B2 (en) | Porous PVdF membranes | |
CN113117533B (zh) | 一种聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维微滤膜及其制备方法 | |
JPH10202074A (ja) | 非対称構造フッ素樹脂チューブ及びこのチューブの製造法及びこのチューブを用いた脱気方法及び脱気装置 | |
CN114534526B (zh) | 一种非对称结构聚醚醚酮中空纤维膜 | |
JPH01192811A (ja) | 多孔質中空糸の製造方法 | |
JP4223098B2 (ja) | 熱溶融性フッ素樹脂中空糸およびその製造方法ならびにそれを用いた中空糸膜モジュール | |
JPS5921721A (ja) | ポリスルホン樹脂中空糸の製造法 | |
AU621164B2 (en) | Extrusion of hollow fibre membranes |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
C15 | Extension of patent right duration from 15 to 20 years for appl. with date before 31.12.1992 and still valid on 11.12.2001 (patent law change 1993) | ||
OR01 | Other related matters | ||
ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: AMERICA WASTEWATER FILTRATION GROUP CO.,LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: BOER FILTRATION + SEPARATION PTE LTD Effective date: 20060512 |
|
C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
C56 | Change in the name or address of the patentee |
Owner name: BOER FILTRATION & SEPARATION PTE LTD Free format text: FORMER NAME OR ADDRESS: MEMTEC LTD. |
|
CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |
Address after: New South Wales Australia Patentee after: Filtration & separation Pte. Ltd. Address before: New South Wales Australia Patentee before: Memtec Ltd. |
|
TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20060512 Address after: American Pennsylvania Patentee after: Filtration wastewater Group Address before: New South Wales Australia Patentee before: Filtration & separation Pte. Ltd. |
|
C56 | Change in the name or address of the patentee |
Owner name: SIEMENS WATER TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Free format text: FORMER NAME OR ADDRESS: AMERICA WASTEWATER FILTRATION GROUP CO.,LTD. |
|
CP03 | Change of name, title or address |
Address after: Massachusetts, USA Patentee after: Siemens Water Technologies Corp. Address before: American Pennsylvania Patentee before: Filtration wastewater group |
|
C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
CX01 | Expiry of patent term |
Granted publication date: 19970924 |