CN104541576A - 用于有机电致发光器件的材料 - Google Patents
用于有机电致发光器件的材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104541576A CN104541576A CN201380042482.0A CN201380042482A CN104541576A CN 104541576 A CN104541576 A CN 104541576A CN 201380042482 A CN201380042482 A CN 201380042482A CN 104541576 A CN104541576 A CN 104541576A
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- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 59
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 50
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 48
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 37
- -1 NR 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004001 thioalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- WUNJCKOTXFSWBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indeno[2,1-a]carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C4=NC5=CC=CC=C5C4=CC=C3C2=C1 WUNJCKOTXFSWBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolo[3,2-c]carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC3=C4C5=CC=CC=C5N=C4C=CC3=C21 VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- RFRXIWQYSOIBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzarone Chemical compound CCC=1OC2=CC=CC=C2C=1C(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RFRXIWQYSOIBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical class C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 14
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- ICPSWZFVWAPUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-spirobi[fluorene] Chemical class C1=CC=C2C=C3C4(C=5C(C6=CC=CC=C6C=5)=CC=C4)C=CC=C3C2=C1 ICPSWZFVWAPUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 4
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical class COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- MRNHPUHPBOKKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;tin;hydrate Chemical compound O.[In].[Sn] MRNHPUHPBOKKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 0 *c(cc1C2(c3cc(*)ccc3-3)c4c-3c(I[Al])ccc4*)ccc1-c1c2cc(*)cc1 Chemical compound *c(cc1C2(c3cc(*)ccc3-3)c4c-3c(I[Al])ccc4*)ccc1-c1c2cc(*)cc1 0.000 description 2
- SODQFLRLAOALCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1lambda3-bromacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound Br1=CC=CC=C1 SODQFLRLAOALCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COC(C)OC SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YOXUOHDHFCBGHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromofluoren-9-one Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2Br YOXUOHDHFCBGHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLMBNEVGYRXFNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-2,3-dimethylbenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C BLMBNEVGYRXFNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=NNC2=C1 BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUUZQMUWOVDZSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazole;pyrazine Chemical class C1=CNC=N1.C1=CN=CC=N1 JUUZQMUWOVDZSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGHOZKDBCCFNNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazole;quinoxaline Chemical class C1=CNC=N1.N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 IGHOZKDBCCFNNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004206 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- PFRPMHBYYJIARU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diazatetracyclo[6.6.2.04,16.011,15]hexadeca-1(14),2,4,6,8(16),9,11(15),12-octaene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N=NC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 PFRPMHBYYJIARU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNOVTXRBGFNYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[4-[(2-amino-5-methyl-4-oxo-1,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-6-yl)methylamino]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1NC=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N(C)C1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 ZNOVTXRBGFNYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DDGPPAMADXTGTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine Chemical class N=1C(Cl)=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 DDGPPAMADXTGTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004493 2-methylbut-1-yl group Chemical group CC(C*)CC 0.000 description 1
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- ALGIYXGLGIECNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-benzo[e]indole Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(C=CN3)=C3C=CC2=C1 ALGIYXGLGIECNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PODJSIAAYWCBDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6-diazatetracyclo[6.6.2.04,16.011,15]hexadeca-1(14),2,4(16),5,7,9,11(15),12-octaene Chemical compound C1=NN=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 PODJSIAAYWCBDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJCRNHQXMXUTEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 69637-93-0 Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N=C(N=C3NC=4C(=CC=CC=4)NC3=N3)C3=NC2=C1 KJCRNHQXMXUTEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentacene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C=C3C=C21 SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005092 sublimation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005309 thioalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl borate Chemical compound COB(OC)OC WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWYVVBKROXXHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[3-(1-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylsilol-1-yl)propyl]azanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+](C)(C)CCC[Si]1(C)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 PWYVVBKROXXHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1C COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002061 vacuum sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D251/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings
- C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D251/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom
- C07D251/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom to three ring carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C45/68—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
- C07C49/76—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C49/782—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic
- C07C49/792—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic containing rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
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Abstract
本发明涉及根据式(1)或式(2)的化合物,所述化合物适合用于电子器件、更特别是有机电致发光器件中,并且还涉及包含所述化合物的电子器件。
Description
本发明涉及用于电子器件中、特别是用于有机电致发光器件中的材料,并且涉及包含这些材料的电子器件。
例如在US 4539507、US 5151629、EP 0676461和WO 98/27136中描述了其中使用有机半导体作为功能材料的有机电致发光器件(OLED)的结构。在此处使用的发光材料越来越多地是显示磷光而不是荧光的有机金属络合物(M.A.Baldo等,Appl.Phys.Lett.(应用物理快报)1999,75,4-6)。
根据现有技术,用于磷光化合物的基质材料和使用的电子传输材料经常是杂芳族化合物,例如三嗪衍生物或苯并咪唑衍生物。用于磷光化合物的合适基质材料还有咔唑衍生物。已知用于该功能的例如为如在WO 2010/015306和WO 2010/072300中所公开的在2-位处被三嗪基团取代的螺二芴衍生物。同样已知的为在4,4'-位处被两个三嗪基团取代的螺二芴衍生物。在荧光OLED和磷光OLED两者的情况中,在用于有机电致发光器件中时,特别是在效率、寿命和工作电压方面,就这些化合物而言,仍需要改进。
本发明的目的是提供适合用于荧光或磷光OLED、特别是磷光OLED中的化合物,所述化合物例如在电子传输或空穴阻挡层中用作电子传输材料或者在发光层中用作基质材料。
已经令人惊讶地发现,下面描述的化合物实现了该目的并导致有机电致发光器件特别是在寿命、效率和工作电压方面的显著改进。这适用于磷光和荧光电致发光器件,尤其当本发明化合物用作电子传输材料或基质材料时情况如此。所述材料通常具有高的热稳定性,并因此能够在不分解的情况下并且以无残余物的方式升华。本发明因此涉及这些材料,并且涉及包含这种类型的化合物的电子器件。
本发明因此涉及下式(1)或(2)的化合物,
其中以下适用于使用的符号和标记:
Ar:是具有5至40个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系,如果L代表单键,则所述杂芳族环系通过碳原子键合至L,且如果L不等于单键,则所述杂芳族环系通过碳原子或氮原子键合至L,且所述杂芳族环系可以被一个或多个基团R1取代;或者如果L代表C(=O),Ar为具有6至40个芳族环原子的芳族环系,且所述芳族环系可以被一个或多个基团R1取代;
L:是单键、C(=O)或具有5至24个芳族环原子的芳族环系,所述芳族环系可以被一个或多个基团R取代;
R、R1:在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,Cl,Br,I,CN,Si(R2)3,具有1至40个C原子的直链烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷基基团或者具有3至40个C原子的支链或环状的烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷基基团,所述直链烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷基基团或者支链或环状的烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷基基团中的每个可被一个或多个基团R2取代,其中在每种情况下一个或多个不相邻的CH2基团可以被Si(R2)2、C=NR2、P(=O)(R2)、SO、SO2、NR2、O、S或CONR2代替,且其中一个或多个H原子可以被D、F、Cl、Br或I代替,具有6至40个C原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,所述芳族或杂芳族环系在每种情况下可被一个或多个基团R2取代,具有5至60个芳族环原子的芳氧基基团,所述芳氧基基团可以被一个或多个基团R2取代,或具有5至60个芳族环原子的芳烷基基团,所述芳烷基基团在每种情况下可以被一个或多个基团R2取代,其中两个或更多个相邻的取代基R或R1可任选地形成可以被一个或多个基团R2取代的单环或多环的脂族环系;
R2:选自H,D,F,具有1至20个C原子的脂族烃基团或具有5至30个C原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,其中一个或多个H原子可以被D或F代替,其中两个或更多个相邻的取代基R2可以相互形成单环或多环的脂族环系;
s为0、1或2;
m在每次出现时相同或不同地为0、1、2、3或4;
n在每次出现时相同或不同地为0、1、2或3。
本发明意义上的芳基基团含有6至24个C原子;本发明意义上的杂芳基基团含有2至24个C原子和至少一个杂原子,条件是C原子和杂原子的总和至少为5。所述杂原子优选地选自N、O和/或S。此处的芳基基团或杂芳基基团被认为是指简单的芳族环即苯,或简单的杂芳族环,例如吡啶、嘧啶、噻吩等,或者稠合的芳基或杂芳基基团,例如萘、蒽、菲、喹啉、异喹啉等。
本发明意义上的芳族环系在该环系中含有6至40个C原子。本发明意义上的杂芳族环系在该环系中含有1至40个C原子和至少一个杂原子,条件是C原子和杂原子的总和至少为5。该杂原子优选地选自N、O和/或S。本发明意义上的芳族或杂芳族环系旨在被认为是指如下的体系,该体系并不必须仅含有芳基或杂芳基基团,而是其中多个芳基或杂芳基基团还可以被非芳族单元(优选小于非氢原子的10%)间断,该非芳族单元例如是C、N或O原子或者羰基基团。因此,例如,和其中两个或更多个芳基基团例如被直链或环状的烷基基团或者被甲硅烷基基团间断的体系一样,例如9,9’-螺二芴、9,9-二芳基芴、三芳基胺、二芳基醚、茋等的体系也旨在被认为是在本发明意义上的芳族环系。此外,其中两个或更多个芳基或杂芳基基团相互直接键合的体系,例如联苯、三联苯或四联苯,同样旨在被认为是芳族或杂芳族环系。
本发明意义上环状的烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷氧基基团被认为是指单环、双环或多环的基团。
为了本发明的目的,其中个别H原子或CH2基团还可以被上述基团取代的C1至C40烷基基团被认为例如是指如下的基团:甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、环丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、环丁基、2-甲基丁基、正戊基、仲戊基、叔戊基、2-戊基、新戊基、环戊基、正己基、仲己基、叔己基、2-己基、3-己基、新己基、环己基、1-甲基环戊基、2-甲基戊基、正庚基、2-庚基、3-庚基、4-庚基、环庚基、1-甲基环己基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、环辛基、1-二环[2.2.2]辛基、2-二环[2.2.2]辛基、2-(2,6-二甲基)辛基、3-(3,7-二甲基)辛基、金刚烷基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、1,1-二甲基-正己-1-基、1,1-二甲基-正庚-1-基、1,1-二甲基-正辛-1-基、1,1-二甲基-正癸-1-基、1,1-二甲基-正十二烷-1-基、1,1-二甲基-正十四烷-1-基、1,1-二甲基-正十六烷-1-基、1,1-二甲基-正十八烷-1-基、1,1-二乙基-正己-1-基、1,1-二乙基-正庚-1-基、1,1-二乙基-正辛-1-基、1,1-二乙基-正癸-1-基、1,1-二乙基-正十二烷-1-基、1,1-二乙基-正十四烷-1-基、1,1-二乙基-正十六烷-1-基、1,1-二乙基-正十八烷-1-基、1-(正丙基)-环己-1-基、1-(正丁基)-环己-1-基、1-(正己基)-环己-1-基、1-(正辛基)-环己-1-基-和1-(正癸基)-环己-1-基。烯基基团例如被认为是指乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、环戊烯基、己烯基、环己烯基、庚烯基、环庚烯基、辛烯基、环辛烯基或环辛二烯基。炔基基团例如被认为是指乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基、庚炔基或辛炔基。C1至C40烷氧基基团例如被认为是指甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基或2-甲基丁氧基。
在每种情况下还可以被上述基团取代并且可经任何希望的位置连接到所述芳族或杂芳族环系的具有5-60个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系被认为是指例如衍生自以下物质的基团:苯、萘、蒽、苯并蒽、菲、苯并菲、芘、苝、荧蒽、苯并荧蒽、并四苯、并五苯、苯并芘、联苯、偶苯、三联苯、三聚苯、芴、螺二芴、二氢菲、二氢芘、四氢芘、顺式或反式茚并芴、顺式或反式单苯并茚并芴、顺式或反式二苯并茚并芴、三聚茚、异三聚茚、螺三聚茚、螺异三聚茚、呋喃、苯并呋喃、异苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、异苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、吡咯、吲哚、异吲哚、咔唑、吲哚并咔唑、茚并咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、异喹啉、吖啶、菲啶、苯并-5,6-喹啉、苯并-6,7-喹啉、苯并-7,8-喹啉、吩噻嗪、吩嗪、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、萘并咪唑、菲并咪唑、吡啶并咪唑、吡嗪并咪唑、喹喔啉并咪唑、唑、苯并唑、萘并唑、蒽并唑、菲并唑、异唑、1,2-噻唑、1,3-噻唑、苯并噻唑、哒嗪、苯并哒嗪、嘧啶、苯并嘧啶、喹喔啉、1,5-二氮杂蒽、2,7-二氮杂芘、2,3-二氮杂芘、1,6-二氮杂芘、1,8-二氮杂芘、4,5-二氮杂芘、4,5,9,10-四氮杂苝、吡嗪、吩嗪、吩嗪、吩噻嗪、荧红环、萘啶、氮杂咔唑、苯并咔啉、菲咯啉、1,2,3-三唑、1,2,4-三唑、苯并三唑、1,2,3-二唑、1,2,4-二唑、1,2,5-二唑、1,3,4-二唑、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,5-噻二唑、1,3,4-噻二唑、1,3,5-三嗪、1,2,4-三嗪、1,2,3-三嗪、四唑、1,2,4,5-四嗪、1,2,3,4-四嗪、1,2,3,5-四嗪、嘌呤、蝶啶、吲嗪和苯并噻二唑。
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中,式(1)的化合物选自下式(1a)的化合物,且式(2)的化合物选自下式(2a)的化合物,
其中使用的符号具有上文给出的含义。
特别优选下式(1b)和(2b)的化合物,
其中使用的符号具有上文给出的含义。
非常特别优选式(1)或(1a)或(1b)的化合物,其中基团-L-Ar键合在所述螺二芴的4-位处。
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中,L为单键、C(=O)或具有6至12个芳族环原子的芳族环系,所述芳族环系可以被一个或多个基团R取代。L特别优选为单键或者邻位-、间位-或对位-连接的亚苯基基团,所述亚苯基基团可以被一个或多个基团R取代,但优选不被取代。
在本发明的另一种优选的实施方式中,Ar为具有5至24个芳族环原子、特别是具有5至13个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系,所述杂芳族环系在每种情况下可以被一个或多个基团R1取代。如果L代表单键,则基团Ar通过碳原子键合至L。此外,如果L不等于单键,则基团Ar还可以经氮原子键合至L,例如为通过氮原子键合的咔唑基团、吲哚并咔唑基团或茚并咔唑基团。如果L代表C(=O),Ar还优选为具有6至24个芳族环原子的芳族环系,且所述芳族环系可以被一个或多个基团R1取代。
特别优选的基团Ar选自三嗪、嘧啶、吡嗪、哒嗪、吡啶、吡唑、咪唑、唑、二唑、噻唑、苯并咪唑、苯并呋喃、苯并噻吩、吲哚、二苯并呋喃、二苯并噻吩、咔唑、茚并咔唑和吲哚并咔唑,其中这些基团各自可以被一个或多个基团R1取代。
在本发明的一种特别优选的实施方式中,基团Ar选自下式(Ar-1)至(Ar-24)的结构,
其中的虚线键表示与L键合的键,且R1具有上文给出的含义。
此外,与基团(Ar-11)至(Ar-14)和(Ar-24)中的氮原子键合的基团R1优选代表苯基基团,所述苯基基团可以被一个或多个基团R2取代。
Ar特别优选为三嗪基团,即上述式(Ar-1)的基团。
如果L代表C(=O),Ar还优选代表如下的芳族环系,其选自苯基,联苯基,邻位-、间位-或对位-三联苯基,邻位-、间位-、对位-或支链的四联苯基,1-、2-、3-或4-芴基或者1-、2-、3-或4-螺二芴基,其中的每个可以被一个或多个基团R1取代。
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中,R或R1在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,CN,具有1至10个C原子的直链烷基或烷氧基基团或者具有3至10个C原子的支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团,所述直链烷基或烷氧基基团或者支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团中的每个可以被一个或多个基团R2取代,其中一个或多个不相邻的CH2基团可以被O代替,且其中一个或多个H原子可以被F代替,具有6至24个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,所述芳族或杂芳族环系在每种情况下可以被一个或多个基团R2取代。
在本发明的一种特别优选的实施方式中,R或R1在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,F,具有1至5个C原子的直链烷基基团或者具有3至6个C原子的支链或环状的烷基基团,具有5至18个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,其在每种情况下可以被一个或多个基团R2取代。
基团R、R1和R2在此处优选不含其中多于两个芳族或杂芳族六元环直接稠合至彼此上的稠合的芳基或杂芳基基团,即,例如不含蒽或芘基团。基团R、R1和R2特别优选绝对不含其中芳族或杂芳族六元环直接稠合至彼此上的稠合的芳基或杂芳基基团,也即例如不含萘基团。
对于通过真空蒸发处理的化合物,所述烷基基团在此处优选具有不超过4个C原子,特别优选不超过1个C原子。对于从溶液中处理的化合物,被具有最高达10个C原子的直链、支链或环状的烷基基团取代的或者被低聚亚芳基基团取代的化合物也是适合的,所述低聚亚芳基基团例如是邻位-、间位-、对位-或支链的三联苯或四联苯基团。
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中,R2在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,具有1至10个C原子的直链烷基基团或者具有3至10个C原子的支链或环状的烷基基团或者具有6至24个C原子的芳族环系。R2特别优选在每次出现时相同或不同地是H或甲基基团,非常特别优选为H。
特别优选其中上述优选实施方式同时出现的式(1)、(1a)、(1b)或(2)、(2a)和(2b)的化合物。因此特别优选以下的化合物,其中:
L:是单键、C(=O)或具有6至12个芳族环原子的芳族环系,所述芳族环系可以被一个或多个基团R取代;
Ar:是具有5至13个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系,所述杂芳族环系可以被一个或多个基团R1取代,其中如果L代表单键,则Ar通过碳原子键合至L,或如果L不等于单键,则Ar通过碳或氮原子键合至L;或者如果L代表C(=O),Ar是具有6至24个芳族环原子的芳族环系,且所述芳族环系可以被一个或多个基团R1取代;
R、R1:在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,CN,具有1至10个C原子的直链烷基或烷氧基基团或者具有3至10个C原子的支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团,所述直链烷基或烷氧基基团或者支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团中的每个可以被一个或多个基团R2取代,其中一个或多个不相邻的CH2基团可以被O代替,且其中一个或多个H原子可以被F代替,具有6至24个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,所述芳族或杂芳族环系在每种情况下可以被一个或多个基团R2取代。
非常特别优选如下的式(1)、(1a)、(1b)或(2)、(2a)和(2b)的化合物,其中:
L:是单键或者邻位-、间位-或对位-连接的亚苯基基团,所述亚苯基基团可以被一个或多个基团R取代,但优选不被取代;
Ar:选自三嗪、嘧啶、吡嗪、哒嗪、吡啶、吡唑、咪唑、唑、二唑、噻唑、苯并咪唑、苯并呋喃、苯并噻吩、吲哚、二苯并呋喃、二苯并噻吩、咔唑、茚并咔唑和吲哚并咔唑,其中这些基团可各自被一个或多个基团R1取代,优选式(Ar-1)至(Ar-22)的基团;
R、R1:在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,F,具有1至5个C原子的直链烷基基团或者具有3至6个C原子的支链或环状的烷基基团,具有5至18个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,其在每种情况下可以被一个或多个基团R2取代。
本发明的合适化合物的实例是下表中示出的化合物:
可通过本领域普通技术人员已知的合成步骤,例如溴化、乌尔曼(Ullmann)芳基化、布赫瓦尔德-哈特维希(Hartwig-Buchwald)偶联等,来制备根据本发明的化合物。
在此处,所述合成通常从1-或4-卤化的、特别是溴化的螺二芴衍生物开始,然后特别是通过金属催化偶联反应例如铃木(Suzuki)偶联而引入基团-Ar或-L-Ar。
可以类似地使用其它合适的离去基团例如甲苯磺酸根或三氟甲磺酸根代替卤素。在1-位处被Ar取代的螺二芴的合成示于方案1中。在4-位处被Ar取代的螺二芴的合成示于方案2中。
通过使用相应化合物Ar-L-Hal代替卤化的芳族化合物Ar-Hal,同样地也可以完全类似地合成其中基团Ar没有直接键合至螺二芴而是通过不代表单键的基团L键合至螺二芴的相应化合物。Hal在此优选代表Cl、Br或I,特别是代表Br。
同样地也可以完全类似地使用偶联至基团-L-Ar的硼酸衍生物的卤化的螺二芴衍生物。
本发明因此还涉及一种用于制备式(1)或(2)化合物的方法,其特征在于,通过在1-或4-官能化的螺二芴和官能化的基团-L-Ar之间的金属催化偶联反应引入基团-L-Ar。在本发明的一种优选实施方式中,所述螺二芴衍生物是卤素官能化的化合物,且基团-L-Ar是利用硼酸衍生物官能化的化合物。在本发明的另一种优选的实施方式中,所述螺二芴衍生物是利用硼酸衍生物官能化的化合物,且基团-L-Ar是卤素官能化的化合物。
本发明的化合物适合用于电子器件中。此处的电子器件被认为是指如下的器件,其包含至少一个包含至少一种有机化合物的层。然而,此处的部件也可以包含无机材料或也可包含完全由无机材料构建的层。
本发明因此还涉及本发明化合物在电子器件中、特别是在有机电致发光器件中的用途。
本发明另外还涉及包含至少一种本发明化合物的电子器件。上面陈述的优选方式同样适用于所述电子器件。
所述电子器件优选地选自有机电致发光器件(有机发光二极管、OLED)、有机集成电路(O-IC)、有机场效应晶体管(O-FET)、有机薄膜晶体管(O-TFT)、有机发光晶体管(O-LET)、有机太阳能电池(O-SC)、有机染料敏化太阳能电池(ODSSC)、有机光学检测器、有机光感受器、有机场猝熄器件(O-FQD)、发光电化学电池(LEC)、有机激光二极管(O-laser)和有机等离子体发射器件(D.M.Koller等,Nature Photonics(自然光子学)2008,1-4),但优选有机电致发光器件(OLED),特别优选磷光OLED。
所述有机电致发光器件和所述发光电化学电池可以用于多种应用中,例如用于单色或多色显示器,用于照明应用或用于医学和/或美容应用,例如用于光疗法中。
所述有机电致发光器件包含阴极、阳极和至少一个发光层。除了这些层之外,所述有机电致发光器件也可以包含其它的层,例如在每种情况下一个或多个空穴注入层、空穴传输层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层、激子阻挡层、电子阻挡层和/或电荷产生层。同样地,可以在两个发光层之间引入具有例如激子阻挡功能的中间层。然而,应该指出,这些层中的每个层都并非必须存在。
所述有机电致发光器件此处可包含一个发光层或多个发光层。如果存在多个发光层,则优选这些发光层具有总共多个在380nm~750nm之间的发光峰值,总体上导致白色发光,即,将能够发荧光或发磷光的多种发光化合物用于发光层中。特别优选具有三个发光层的体系,其中所述三个层显示蓝色、绿色和橙色或红色发光(对于基本结构,例如参见WO 2005/011013)。在此处可行的是,所有发光层发荧光,或者所有发光层发磷光,或者一个或多个发光层发荧光并且一个或多个其它的层发磷光。
取决于确切的结构,根据上文所指出实施方式的本发明化合物在此可以在不同的层中使用。优选如下的有机电致发光器件,其包含式(1)或式(2)或优选实施方式的化合物作为在电子传输或空穴阻挡层中的电子传输材料,或作为用于荧光或磷光发光体、特别是用于磷光发光体的基质材料。上文指出的优选实施方式同样适用于所述材料在有机电子器件中的用途。
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中,式(1)或式(2)或优选实施方式的化合物在电子传输层中用作电子传输材料。所述发光层在此可以是发荧光的或发磷光的。此外,所述电子传输层可以与阳极直接相邻,或可以存在位于阴极和电子传输层之间的另外的电子注入层。同样地,可以存在多个电子传输层,其中的至少一层包含至少一种式(1)或(2)的化合物。
在本发明的另一种优选的实施方式中,式(1)或式(2)或优选实施方式的化合物在空穴阻挡层中使用。空穴阻挡层被认为是指在阴极侧与发光层直接相邻的层。
在本发明的另一种优选的实施方式中,式(1)或式(2)或优选实施方式的化合物在发光层中用作荧光或磷光化合物、特别是磷光化合物的基质材料(=主体材料)。所述有机电致发光器件在此可包含一个发光层或多个发光层,其中至少一个发光层包含至少一种本发明化合物作为基质材料。
如果式(1)或式(2)或优选实施方式的化合物在发光层中用作发光化合物的基质材料,则其优选与一种或多种磷光材料(三重发光体)组合使用。本发明意义上的磷光是指如下的发光,其来自自旋多重度>1的激发态、特别是激发三重态。为了本申请的目的,含有过渡金属或镧系元素的所有发光络合物,特别是所有发光的铱、铂和铜络合物,都被视为磷光化合物。
基于包含发光体和基质材料的整个混合物,所述包含式(1)或式(2)或优选实施方式的化合物和发光化合物的混合物包含99.9-1重量%,优选99-10重量%,特别优选97-60重量%、特别是95-80重量%的式(1)或式(2)或优选实施方式的化合物。相应地,基于包含发光体和基质材料的整个混合物,所述混合物包含0.1-99重量%,优选1-90重量%,特别优选3-40重量%、特别是5-20重量%的发光体。如果从溶液中施加所述层,则上述限制特别适用。如果通过真空蒸发来施加所述层,则在每种情况下适用相同的数值,其中在这种情况下以体积%表示所述百分比。
本发明的一种特别优选的实施方式是,式(1)或式(2)或优选实施方式的化合物与其它基质材料组合用作磷光发光体的基质材料。可以与式(1)或式(2)或优选实施方式的化合物组合使用的特别合适的基质材料是芳族酮,芳族氧化膦或芳族亚砜或砜,例如根据WO 2004/013080、WO 2004/093207、WO 2006/005627或WO 2010/006680中的,三芳基胺,咔唑衍生物,例如CBP(N,N-二咔唑基联苯)、m-CBP或在WO2005/039246、US 2005/0069729、JP 2004/288381、EP 1205527或WO2008/086851中公开的咔唑衍生物,吲哚并咔唑衍生物,例如根据WO2007/063754或WO 2008/056746中的,茚并咔唑衍生物,例如根据WO2010/136109或WO 2011/000455中的,氮杂咔唑衍生物,例如根据EP1617710、EP 1617711、EP 1731584、JP 2005/347160中的,双极性基质材料,例如根据WO 2007/137725中的,硅烷,例如根据WO2005/111172中的,氮杂硼杂环戊二烯或硼酸酯,例如根据WO2006/117052中的,三嗪衍生物,例如根据WO 2010/015306、WO2007/063754或WO 08/056746中的,锌络合物,例如根据EP 652273或WO 2009/062578中的,芴衍生物,例如根据WO 2009/124627中的,二氮杂硅杂环戊二烯或四氮杂硅杂环戊二烯衍生物,例如根据WO2010/054729中的,二氮杂磷杂环戊二烯衍生物,例如根据WO2010/054730中的,或桥连咔唑衍生物,例如根据US 2009/0136779、WO 2010/050778、WO 2011/042107或WO 2011/088877中的。此外,还可以使用既不具有空穴传输性质又不具有电子传输性质的电中性共主体,如在例如WO 2010/108579中所述的。
同样地,可以在所述混合物中使用两种或更多种磷光发光体。在这种情况下,在较短波长处发光的发光体在混合物中充当共主体。
合适的磷光化合物(=三重态发光体)特别是如下的化合物,所述化合物在合适激发时优选在可见区域发光,且另外包含至少一种如下的原子,其原子序数大于20,优选大于38且小于84,特别优选大于56且小于80,所述原子特别是具有这种原子序数的金属。使用的磷光发光体优选是包含铜、钼、钨、铼、钌、锇、铑、铱、钯、铂、银、金或铕的化合物,特别是包含铱、铂或铜的化合物。
如下申请公开了上述发光体的实例:WO 2000/70655、WO 2001/41512、WO 2002/02714、WO 2002/15645、EP 1191613、EP1191612、EP 1191614、WO 2005/033244、WO 2005/019373、US 2005/0258742、WO 2009/146770、WO 2010/015307、WO 2010/031485、WO 2010/054731、WO 2010/054728、WO2010/086089、WO 2010/099852、WO 2010/102709、WO 2011/157339或WO 2012/007086。通常,根据磷光OLED的现有技术使用的、和有机电致发光领域中的普通技术人员已知的所有磷光络合物都是适当的,并且本领域普通技术人员将能够在不需要创造性劳动的情况下使用其它的磷光络合物。
在本发明的另一种实施方式中,根据本发明的有机电致发光器件不包含单独的空穴注入层和/或空穴传输层和/或空穴阻挡层和/或电子传输层,即,如在例如WO2005/053051中所描述的,所述发光层与所述空穴注入层或阳极直接相邻,和/或所述发光层与所述电子传输层或电子注入层或阴极直接相邻。此外,如在例如WO 2009/030981中所描述的,可以使用与所述发光层中的金属络合物相同或相似的金属络合物作为与所述发光层直接相邻的空穴传输或空穴注入材料。
此外可行的是,式(1)或式(2)或优选实施方式的化合物既用于空穴阻挡层或电子传输层中,并且又还用作发光层中的基质。
在本发明有机电致发光器件的其它层中,可以使用根据现有技术通常使用的所有材料。因此,本领域的技术人员将能够在不需要创造性劳动的情况下将已知用于有机电致发光器件的所有材料与本发明式(1)或式(2)或优选实施方式的化合物组合使用。
还优选如下的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于利用升华方法涂布一个或多个层,其中在真空升华单元中在通常小于10-5毫巴、优选小于10-6毫巴的初始压力下气相沉积所述材料。然而,该初始压力还可以甚至更低,例如小于10-7毫巴。
同样优选如下的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于利用OVPD(有机气相沉积)方法或借助载气升华来涂布一个或多个层,其中在10-5毫巴和1巴之间的压力下施加所述材料。这种方法的一种特殊情况是OVJP(有机蒸气喷印)方法,其中所述材料通过喷嘴直接施加并因此是结构化的(例如M.S.Arnold等,Appl.Phys.Lett.(应用物理快报)2008,92,053301)。
另外优选如下的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于从溶液中例如通过旋涂,或者利用任何希望的印刷方法,例如LITI(光引发热成像,热转印)、喷墨印刷、丝网印刷、柔性版印刷、平版印刷或喷嘴印刷,来制造一个或多个层。为此目的,需要例如通过适当的取代而获得的可溶性化合物。因为本发明的化合物在有机溶剂中一般具有非常好的溶解性,所以这些方法同样特别适合于本发明的化合物。
混杂式方法同样可行,其中,例如,从溶液中施加一个或多个层并且通过气相沉积施加一个或多个其它的层。由此,例如,可以从溶液施加发光层并通过气相沉积施加电子传输层。
本领域普通技术人员通常已知这些方法,并且能够在不付出创造性劳动的情况下将这些方法应用于包含本发明化合物的有机电致发光器件。
例如通过旋涂或通过印刷工艺从液相对本发明化合物进行的处理需要根据本发明的化合物的制剂。这些制剂可例如为溶液、分散液或微乳液。为此目的,可优选使用两种或更多种溶剂的混合物。合适并优选的溶剂例如为甲苯,苯甲醚,邻-、间-或对-二甲苯,苯甲酸甲酯,二甲基苯甲醚,均三甲苯,四氢化萘,邻二甲氧基苯,THF,甲基-THF,THP,氯苯,二烷,或这些溶剂的混合物。
本发明因此还涉及一种制剂,特别是溶液、分散液或微乳液,其包含至少一种式(1)或式(2)或上述优选实施方式的化合物和至少一种溶剂,尤其是有机溶剂。其中可制备这种类型的溶液的方式对本领域普通技术人员是已知的并在例如WO 2002/072714、WO 2003/019694和其中引用的文献中进行了描述。
此外,本发明还涉及如下的混合物,其包含至少一种式(1)或式(2)或上述优选实施方式的化合物和至少一种另外的化合物。如果根据本发明的化合物用作基质材料,则所述另外的化合物可例如为荧光或磷光掺杂剂。所述混合物还可包含另外的材料作为另外的基质材料。
本发明化合物和本发明有机电致发光器件的突出之处在于相对于现有技术的令人惊讶的以下优点:
1.本发明的化合物非常适合在有机电致发光器件的空穴阻挡或电子传输层中使用。因为本发明的化合物不猝灭发光,因此它们也特别适合用于与磷光发光层直接相邻的空穴阻挡层中。
2.用作荧光或磷光发光体的基质材料的本发明化合物产生非常高的效率和长寿命。如果所述化合物作为基质材料与另外的基质材料和磷光发光体一起使用,则该优点特别适用。
3.用于有机电致发光器件中的本发明化合物,产生高效率并产生在低使用和工作电压情况下陡峭的电流/电压曲线。
上述的这些优点不伴有对其它电子性能的损害。
通过如下实施例更详细地解释本发明,但不希望由此限制本发明。在该说明书的基础上,本领域普通技术人员将能够在不付出创造性劳动的情况下,在公开的整个范围内实施本发明和制备本发明的其它化合物,并且将这些化合物用于电子器件中或使用本发明的方法。
实施例:
除非另外指出,否则在保护气体气氛下在干燥溶剂中进行以下合成。可以从ALDRICH购买原料(氟化钾(喷雾干燥的)、三叔丁基膦、乙酸钯(II))。与EP 577559类似地制备3-氯-5,6-二苯基-1,2,4-三嗪。根据WO 2002/077060制备2',7'-二-叔丁基螺-9,9'-二芴-2,7-双硼酸二醇酯,以及根据US 5438138制备2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪。与WO2002/077060类似地制备螺-9,9'-二芴-2,7-双(硼酸二醇酯)。在原料从文献已知的情况下,其中的一些示出在方括号中的数字涉及相应的CAS号。
实施例1:1-溴螺-9,9'-二芴
在使用70℃油浴进行二次加热的情况下,从25.6g(110mmol)的2-溴联苯、0.8ml的1,2-二氯乙烷、50ml的1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、400ml的THF和200ml的甲苯的混合物和2.7g(110mmol)碘活化的镁屑制备相应的格式试剂。当镁反应完全时,使混合物冷却至室温,然后滴加25.9g(100mmol)的1-溴芴酮[36804-63-4]在500ml的THF中的溶液,将反应混合物在50℃温热4小时且然后在室温下另外搅拌12小时。添加100ml的水,简单地搅拌混合物,将有机相分离,在真空将溶剂除去。将残余物悬浮在500ml的在40℃下的温热冰乙酸中,向该悬浮液添加0.5ml的浓硫酸,然后将混合物在100℃下另外搅拌2小时。冷却后,使用抽滤将析出的固体过滤出,用100ml的冰乙酸洗涤一次,用每次100ml的乙醇洗涤三次,最后从二烷中重结晶。收率:26.9g(68mmol),68%;根据1H-NMR纯度约为98%。
类似地得到以下化合物:
实施例2:4-(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)螺-9,9'-二芴的合成
步骤1)螺-9,9'-二芴-1-硼酸的合成
将110ml(276mmol)的正丁基锂(2.5M的己烷溶液)滴加至106g(270mmol)1-溴-9-螺二芴在1500ml乙醚中的冷却至-78℃的溶液中。将反应混合物在-78℃下搅拌30分钟。使混合物到达室温,再冷却至-78℃,然后快速加入40ml(351mmol)的硼酸三甲酯在50ml乙醚中的混合物。温热至-10℃后,使用135ml的2N盐酸将混合物水解。将有机相分离,用水洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥并蒸发至干。将残余物放入300ml的正庚烷中,利用抽滤将无色固体过滤出,用正庚烷洗涤并在真空干燥。收率:94.5g(255mmol),理论值的99%;纯度:根据HPLC为99%。
类似地得到以下化合物:
步骤2)1-(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)螺-9,9'-二芴的合成
将56.8g(110mmol)的螺-9,9'-二芴-1-硼酸、29.5g(110.0mmol)的2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪和44.6g(210.0mmol)的磷酸三钾悬浮在500ml的甲苯、500ml的二烷和500ml的水中。将913mg(3.0mmol)的三邻甲苯基膦,然后将112mg(0.5mmol)的乙酸钯(II),添加至该悬浮液中,将反应混合物在回流下加热16小时。冷却后,将有机相分离,经硅胶过滤,用200ml的水洗涤三次,然后蒸发至干。残余物从甲苯和从二氯甲烷/异丙醇中重结晶,最后在高真空下升华(p=5×10-5毫巴,T=377℃)。收率为38.7g(43.5mmol),对应于理论值的87%。
类似地得到以下化合物:
实施例3:制造OLED
通过根据WO 2004/058911的一般方法制备根据本发明的OLED和根据现有技术的OLED,针对在此描述的情况(层厚度变化,材料)对所述方法进行调整。
在以下实施例V1至E3(参见表1和2)中呈现各种OLED的数据。为了改进的处理,对涂有结构化ITO(氧化铟锡)的50nm厚度的玻璃板,涂布20nm的PEDOT:PSS(聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)聚(苯乙烯磺酸酯),作为CLEVIOSTMP VP AI 4083,从德国贺利氏贵金属公司(HeraeusPrecious Metals GmbH)购买,从水溶液中通过旋涂来施加)。这些涂布的玻璃板形成向其施加OLED的基底。所述OLED大体上具有以下的层结构:玻璃基底/ITO/任选的空穴注入层(HIL)/空穴传输层(HTL)/任选的中间层(IL)/电子阻挡层(EBL)/发光层(EML)/任选的空穴阻挡层(HBL)/电子传输层(ETL)/任选的电子注入层(EIL)和最后的阴极。所述阴极由厚度为100nm的铝层形成。所述OLED的确切结构显示于表1中。制造所述OLED所需要的其它材料示于表3中。
在真空室中通过热气相沉积施加所有材料。此处的发光层总是由至少一种基质材料(还称为主体材料)和发光掺杂剂(发光体)组成,所述发光掺杂剂以特定的体积比例通过共蒸发与所述一种或多种基质材料混合。诸如主体1:主体3:TEG1(30%:60%:10%)的表达在此是指,材料主体3以60%的体积比例存在于所述层中,主体1以30%的比例存在于所述层中,且TEG1以10%的比例存在于所述层中。类似地,所述电子传输层也可由两种材料的混合物组成。
通过标准方法表征所述OLED。为此目的,确定电致发光光谱,电流效率(以cd/A计量),功率效率(以lm/W计量)和外部量子效率(EQE,以百分比计量),其作为发光密度的函数从呈现Lambert发光特性的电流/电压/发光密度特性线(IUL特性线)进行计算,并确定寿命。在1000cd/m2的发光密度下测定所述电致发光谱,并由此计算CIE 1931 x和y颜色坐标。表2中的术语U1000表示1000cd/m2的发光密度所需要的电压。CE1000和PE1000分别表示在1000cd/m2下实现的电流和功率效率。最后,EQE1000表示在1000cd/m2的工作发光密度下的外部量子效率。
将各种OLED的数据总结在表2中。实施例V1-V4是根据现有技术的对比例,实施例E1-E3显示了包含本发明材料的OLED的数据。
为了示例本发明化合物的优势,下文更详细地解释一些实施例。然而,应指出这仅仅表示对表2中示出的数据的选集。
本发明的化合物在电子传输层中的用途
如果将化合物主体2用作电子传输层,则获得了3.5V的低工作电压和几乎17%的非常好的量子效率(实施例E2),在根据现有技术使用化合物主体1时,这些值较差(实施例V2)。
本发明的化合物作为磷光OLED中的基质材料的用途
当将本发明的材料作为单一基质材料与绿色掺杂剂TEG1组合使用时,获得了4.4V的非常低的工作电压和15.6%的非常好的量子效率(实施例E1),而对于几乎相同的效率,在对比例V1中的电压更高。
在使用本发明材料的混合基质体系中也获得了非常好的性能数据。例如,与材料主体3相组合,获得了3.6V的非常低的工作电压(实施例E3),而这在对比例V4中显著更高。
表1:OLED的结构
表2:OLED的数据
表3:用于所述OLED的材料的结构式
Claims (15)
1.式(1)或(2)的化合物,
其中以下适用于使用的符号和标记:
Ar:是具有5至40个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系,如果L代表单键,则所述杂芳族环系通过碳原子键合至L,且如果L不等于单键,则所述杂芳族环系通过碳原子或氮原子键合至L,且所述杂芳族环系可以被一个或多个基团R1取代;或者如果L代表C(=O),Ar为具有6至40个芳族环原子的芳族环系,且所述芳族环系可以被一个或多个基团R1取代;
L:是单键、C(=O)或具有5至24个芳族环原子的芳族环系,所述芳族环系可以被一个或多个基团R取代;
R、R1:在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,Cl,Br,I,CN,Si(R2)3,具有1至40个C原子的直链烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷基基团或者具有3至40个C原子的支链或环状的烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷基基团,所述直链烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷基基团或者支链或环状的烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷基基团中的每个可被一个或多个基团R2取代,其中在每种情况下一个或多个不相邻的CH2基团可以被Si(R2)2、C=NR2、P(=O)(R2)、SO、SO2、NR2、O、S或CONR2代替,且其中一个或多个H原子可以被D、F、Cl、Br或I代替,具有6至40个C原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,所述芳族或杂芳族环系在每种情况下可被一个或多个基团R2取代,具有5至60个芳族环原子的芳氧基基团,所述芳氧基基团可以被一个或多个基团R2取代,或具有5至60个芳族环原子的芳烷基基团,所述芳烷基基团在每种情况下可以被一个或多个基团R2取代,其中两个或更多个相邻的取代基R或R1可任选地形成可以被一个或多个基团R2取代的单环或多环的脂族环系;
R2:选自H,D,F,具有1至20个C原子的脂族烃基团或具有5至30个C原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,其中一个或多个H原子可以被D或F代替,其中两个或更多个相邻的取代基R2可以相互形成单环或多环的脂族环系;
s为0、1或2;
m在每次出现时相同或不同地为0、1、2、3或4;
n在每次出现时相同或不同地为0、1、2或3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,所述化合物选自式(1a)和式(2a)的化合物,
其中使用的符号具有权利要求1中给出的含义。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物,所述化合物选自式(1b)和(2b)的化合物,
其中使用的符号具有权利要求1中给出的含义。
4.根据权利要求1-3中的一项或多项所述的化合物,其特征在于L选自单键、C(=O)或具有6至12个芳族环原子的芳族环系,所述芳族环系可以被一个或多个基团R取代。
5.根据权利要求1-4中的一项或多项所述的化合物,其特征在于L选自单键或者邻位-、间位-或对位-连接的亚苯基基团,所述亚苯基基团可以被一个或多个基团R取代,但优选不被取代。
6.根据权利要求1-5中的一项或多项所述的化合物,其特征在于Ar表示具有5至24个芳族环原子、特别是具有5至13个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系,所述杂芳族环系在每种情况下可以被一个或多个基团R1取代;或者特征在于如果L代表C(=O),Ar表示具有6至24个芳族环原子的芳族环系,且所述芳族环系可以被一个或多个基团R1取代。
7.根据权利要求1-6中的一项或多项所述的化合物,其特征在于Ar选自三嗪、嘧啶、吡嗪、哒嗪、吡啶、吡唑、咪唑、唑、二唑、噻唑、苯并咪唑、苯并呋喃、苯并噻吩、吲哚、二苯并呋喃、二苯并噻吩、咔唑、茚并咔唑和吲哚并咔唑,其中这些基团可各自被一个或多个基团R1取代;或者特征在于如果L代表C(=O),Ar选自苯基,联苯基,邻位-、间位-或对位-三联苯基,邻位-、间位-、对位-或支链的四联苯基,1-、2-、3-或4-芴基或者1-、2-、3-或4-螺二芴基,其中的每个可以被一个或多个基团R1取代。
8.根据权利要求1-7中的一项或多项所述的化合物,其特征在于Ar选自式(Ar-1)至(Ar-24)的结构,
其中的虚线键表示与L键合的键,且R1具有权利要求1中给出的含义。
9.根据权利要求1-8中的一项或多项所述的化合物,其特征在于R和R1在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,CN,具有1至10个C原子的直链烷基或烷氧基基团或者具有3至10个C原子的支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团,所述直链烷基或烷氧基基团或者支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团中的每个可被一个或多个基团R2取代,其中一个或多个非相邻的CH2基团可以被O代替,且其中一个或多个H原子可以被F代替,或具有6至24个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,所述芳族或杂芳族环系在每种情况下可以被一个或多个基团R2取代。
10.根据权利要求1-9中的一项或多项所述的化合物,其特征在于以下适用于使用的符号:
L:是单键、C(=O)或具有6至12个芳族环原子的芳族环系,所述芳族环系可以被一个或多个基团R取代;
Ar:是具有5至13个芳族环原子的杂芳族环系,所述杂芳族环系可以被一个或多个基团R1取代,其中如果L代表单键,则Ar通过碳原子键合至L,或者如果L不等于单键,则Ar通过碳或氮原子键合至L;或者如果L代表C(=O),Ar是具有6至24个芳族环原子的芳族环系,且所述芳族环系可以被一个或多个基团R1取代;
R、R1:在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,CN,具有1至10个C原子的直链烷基或烷氧基基团或者具有3至10个C原子的支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团,所述直链烷基或烷氧基基团或者支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团中的每个可以被一个或多个基团R2取代,其中一个或多个非相邻的CH2基团可以被O代替,且其中一个或多个H原子可以被F代替,具有6至24个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,所述芳族或杂芳族环系在每种情况下可以被一个或多个基团R2取代。
11.一种用于制备根据权利要求1-10中的一项或多项所述的化合物的方法,其特征在于通过在1-或4-官能化的螺二芴和官能化基团-L-Ar之间的金属催化偶联反应引入基团-L-Ar。
12.包含至少一种根据权利要求1-10中的一项或多项所述的化合物的制剂,特别是包含至少一种根据权利要求1-10中的一项或多项所述的化合物和至少一种溶剂的溶液、分散液或微乳液,或者包含至少一种根据权利要求1-10中的一项或多项所述的化合物和至少一种荧光或磷光化合物的混合物。
13.根据权利要求1-10中的一项或多项所述的化合物或者根据权利要求12所述的制剂在电子器件中、特别是在有机电致发光器件中的用途。
14.电子器件,包含至少一种根据权利要求1-10中的一项或多项所述的化合物或者至少一种根据权利要求12所述的制剂,其中所述电子器件优选地选自有机电致发光器件、有机集成电路、有机场效应晶体管、有机薄膜晶体管、有机发光晶体管、有机太阳能电池、染料敏化有机太阳能电池、有机光学检测器、有机光感受器、有机场猝熄器件、发光电化学电池、有机激光二极管和有机等离子体发射器件。
15.根据权利要求14所述的电子器件,所述电子器件是有机电致发光器件,其特征在于根据权利要求1-10中的一项或多项所述的化合物在电子传输或空穴阻挡层中用作电子传输材料或者在发光层中用作荧光或磷光发光体的基质材料。
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CN107056718A (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
KR20150041652A (ko) | 2015-04-16 |
KR20200116555A (ko) | 2020-10-12 |
KR102015270B1 (ko) | 2019-08-28 |
KR20190100469A (ko) | 2019-08-28 |
CN104541576B (zh) | 2017-03-08 |
JP2015531755A (ja) | 2015-11-05 |
EP2883422A1 (de) | 2015-06-17 |
JP2021091687A (ja) | 2021-06-17 |
KR20160106217A (ko) | 2016-09-09 |
KR101693127B1 (ko) | 2017-01-04 |
JP7167200B2 (ja) | 2022-11-08 |
US20150243897A1 (en) | 2015-08-27 |
JP7179456B2 (ja) | 2022-11-29 |
JP7490733B2 (ja) | 2024-05-27 |
JP2023017822A (ja) | 2023-02-07 |
WO2014023388A1 (de) | 2014-02-13 |
JP2018090593A (ja) | 2018-06-14 |
JP6271550B2 (ja) | 2018-01-31 |
EP2883422B1 (de) | 2018-03-07 |
KR102163770B1 (ko) | 2020-10-12 |
KR102265997B1 (ko) | 2021-06-16 |
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