CN103858419A - 用于无缝切换多媒体内容的分辨率的分辨率选择 - Google Patents

用于无缝切换多媒体内容的分辨率的分辨率选择 Download PDF

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CN103858419A
CN103858419A CN201280050318.XA CN201280050318A CN103858419A CN 103858419 A CN103858419 A CN 103858419A CN 201280050318 A CN201280050318 A CN 201280050318A CN 103858419 A CN103858419 A CN 103858419A
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CN103858419B (zh
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K·索罗希安
A·希弗达斯
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Devi Vision Co ltd
Di Vickers CF Holdings Ltd.
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/70—Media network packetisation
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    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
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    • H04N21/234363—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements by altering the spatial resolution, e.g. for clients with a lower screen resolution
    • H04N21/234372—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements by altering the spatial resolution, e.g. for clients with a lower screen resolution for performing aspect ratio conversion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04N19/30—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04N21/44—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs
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    • H04N21/440263—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for household redistribution, storage or real-time display by altering the spatial resolution, e.g. for displaying on a connected PDA
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    • H04N7/0117—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level involving conversion of the spatial resolution of the incoming video signal
    • H04N7/0122—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level involving conversion of the spatial resolution of the incoming video signal the input and the output signals having different aspect ratios
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    • H04N21/8456—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments by decomposing the content in the time domain, e.g. in time segments

Abstract

公开了根据本发明的实施例的用于无缝切换多媒体内容的分辨率的分辨率选择的系统和方法。在本发明的一个实施例中，源编码器包括处理器，其被源编码器应用配置为接收多媒体内容，其中多媒体内容包括具有主分辨率以及主采样纵横比的视频数据，并且将视频数据编码为备选流集合，其中备选流集合中的多个流具有不同的最大比特率和分辨率，该多个流中每个流的分辨率包括均为整数个像素的宽度和高度，并且该多个流中的每个流的宽度和高度都是对应的主分辨率的宽度和高度的简分数倍。

Description

用于无缝切换多媒体内容的分辨率的分辨率选择
技术领域
本发明涉及呈现多媒体内容，更具体地涉及流处理（stream）按针对各种缩放的显示分辨率被优化的多个分辨率而编码的视频内容。
背景技术
术语流处理媒体描述了在回放装置上回放媒体，其中媒体被存储在服务器上并在回放期间通过网络被连续发送至回放装置。通常，回放装置在回放期间的任何给定时间在缓冲器中存储足够量的媒体，从而防止由于回放装置在接收到下一部分的媒体之前完成所有缓存的媒体的回放而导致的回放中断。自适应比特速率流处理或自适应流处理涉及实时检测当前流处理状态（例如用户的网络带宽和CPU能力），并相应地调节流媒体的质量。
在自适应流处理系统中，源媒体通常在媒体服务器上被存储为指向包含实际视频和音频数据的多个备选流的顶层索引文件。每个流通常被存储在一个或多个容器文件中。不同的自适应流处理分辨率通常使用不同的索引和媒体容器。Matroska容器是由法国奥松讷（Aussonne）的非盈利组织Matroska作为开放的标准项目而开发的媒体容器。Matroska容器基于可扩展二进制元语言（EBML），其是可扩展标记语言（XML）的二进制衍生物。Matroska容器的解码被许多消费电子（CE）装置支持。由加州圣地亚哥的DivX公司开发的DivX Plus文件格式使用了Matroska容器格式的扩展，包括没有在Matroska格式中规定的元素。
发明内容
公开了根据本发明的实施例的用于无缝切换多媒体内容的分辨率的分辨率选择的系统和方法。在本发明的一个实施例中，源编码器包括处理器，其被源编码器应用配置为接收多媒体内容，其中多媒体内容包括具有主分辨率以及主采样纵横比的视频数据，并且将视频数据编码为备选流集合，其中备选流集合中的多个流具有不同的最大比特率和分辨率，该多个流中每个流的分辨率包括均为整数个像素的宽度和高度，并且该多个流中的每个流的宽度和高度均是对应的主分辨率的宽度和高度的简分数倍（common fraction）。
在本发明的另一实施例中，备选流集合中的多个流具有相同的纵横比以及不同的最大比特率和分辨率。
在本发明的又一实施例中，备选流集合中的多个流具有相同的纵横比和不同的最大比特率、采样纵横比和分辨率。
在本发明的另一实施例中，主分辨率是1920×1080，主纵横比是16:9，并且备选流集合中多个流使用下面的分辨率和采样纵横比进行编码：
分辨率=1536×864；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=1152×648；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=960×544；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=768×432；采样纵横比=1:1
在本发明的另一实施例中，主分辨率是1920×1040，主纵横比是1.85:1，并且备选流集合中的多个流使用下面的分辨率和采样纵横比来编码：
分辨率=1536×832；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=1152×624；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=960×520；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=768×416；采样纵横比=1:1
在本发明的另一实施例中，其中主分辨率是1920×816，主纵横比是2.35:1，并且备选流集合中的多个流使用下面的分辨率和采样纵横比来编码：
分辨率=1536×656；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=1152×488；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=960×408；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=768×328；采样纵横比=1:1
在本发明的另一实施例中，主分辨率是1920×800，以及主纵横比是2.40:1，并且备选流集合中的多个流使用下面的分辨率和采样纵横比来编码：
分辨率=1536×640；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=1152×480；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=960×400；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=768×320；采样纵横比=1:1
本发明的其它实施例包括将包括具有主分辨率和主采样纵横比的视频数据的多媒体内容编码为多个备选流，其包括：使用源编码器接收包括具有主分辨率和主采样纵横比的视频数据的多媒体内容，并使用源编码器将视频数据编码为备选流集合，其中备选流集合中的多个流具有不同的最大比特率和分辨率，其中该多个流中的每个流的分辨率包括都是整数个像素的宽度和高度，并且该多个流中的每个流的宽度和高度都是对应的主分辨率的宽度和高度的简分数倍。
在本发明的另一实施例中，该分数的分子和分母每个都小于100。
本发明的另一实施例包括回放装置，其包括处理器，处理器被配置为与存储器通信，其中存储器包括客户应用，其中客户应用将处理器配置为：获取索引文件，其中索引文件描述了具有相同纵横比和不同比特率、分辨率的多个备选视频流，并且该多个备选视频流中的至少两个具有不同的采样纵横比；将视频解码器配置为解码具有该多个备选视频流中的第一流的分辨率和采样纵横比的视频，其中解码该视频包括将经解码的视频缩放至显示装置的分辨率；以及请求第一流的一部分。
本发明的又一实施例包括回放内容，其包括：使用回放装置获取索引文件，其中索引文件描述了具有相同纵横比和不同比特率、分辨率的多个备选视频流，并且该多个备选视频流中的至少两个具有不同的采样纵横比；将回放装置上的视频解码器配置为解码具有该多个备选视频流中的第一流的分辨率和采样纵横比的视频，其中解码该视频包括将经解码的视频缩放至显示装置的分辨率；以及使用回放装置请求第一流的一部分。
本发明的另一实施例包括确定用于将具有主分辨率和主纵横比的主视频流编码为较低分辨率的流集合的子分辨率集合，包括：选择子分辨率集合，其中子分辨率集合中的每个子分辨率的高度和宽度是整数个像素并小于主分辨率的对应宽度和高度；以及从子分辨率集合中选择子分辨率，其中所选子分辨率的宽度和高度具有与主纵横比相同的纵横比。
在本发明的另一实施例中，子分辨率集合中的每个子分辨率的宽度和高度是8的倍数。
在本发明的又一实施例中，子分辨率集合包括具有正方形采样纵横比的子分辨率。
在本发明的再一实施例中，子分辨率集合通过以下来选择：迭代地从主分辨率的宽度减去列宽并将所得的宽度与主纵横比相乘来确定对应的高度，并选择其中宽度和对应高度是整数个像素的子分辨率。
在本发明的另一实施例中，选择子分辨率集合还包括迭代地从主分辨率的高度中减去行高并将所得的高度与主纵横比相乘来确定对应的宽度，并选择其中高度和对应宽度是整数个像素的子分辨率。
在本发明的另一实施例中，子分辨率集合中的每个子分辨率的宽度和高度是8的倍数。
在本发明的又一实施例中，子分辨率集合包括具有正方形采样纵横比的子分辨率。
在本发明的另一实施例中，子分辨率集合包括具有正方形采样纵横比的子分辨率，并且每个子分辨率的宽度和高度是8的倍数。
在本发明的又一实施例中，为1920×1080、1920×1040、1920×816以及1920×800的主分辨率计算子分辨率。
在本发明的又一实施例中，子分辨率集合包括具有对于大部分主分辨率重复的共同宽度的子分辨率，并且其中为不共享该共同宽度值的任一主分辨率选择子分辨率。
在本发明的另一实施例中，为不具有共同宽度值的主分辨率选择的子分辨率通过使用该宽度值并选择具有与主分辨率的纵横比相同的纵横比的高度值来产生。
在本发明的另一实施例中，所选高度值被舍入为最接近的8像素的倍数。
在本发明的又一实施例中，所选高度值被向下舍入为最接近的8的倍数。
在本发明的再一实施例中，子分辨率集合通过以下来选择：迭代地从主分辨率的高度中减去行高并将所得的高度与主纵横比相乘来确定对应的宽度，并选择其中高度和对应宽度是整数个像素的子分辨率。
本发明的另一实施例包括包含处理器指令的机器可读介质，其中通过处理器执行这些指令使得处理器能够执行处理，包括：接收包括具有主分辨率和主采样纵横比的视频数据的多媒体内容，并将该视频数据编码为备选流集合，其中备选流集合中的多个流具有不同的最大比特率和分辨率，其中该多个流中的每个流的分辨率包括都是整数个像素的宽度和高度，并且该多个流的每个流的宽度和高度都是对应的主分辨率的宽度和高度的简分数倍。
在本发明的另一实施例中，该分数的分子和分母每个都小于100。
本发明的另一实施例包括包含处理器指令的机器可读介质，其中处理器执行指令导致处理器执行处理，包括：获取索引文件，其中索引文件描述了具有相同纵横比和不同比特率、分辨率的多个备选视频流，并且该多个备选视频流中的至少两个具有不同的采样纵横比；配置解码器来解码具有该多个备选视频流中的第一流的分辨率和采样纵横比的视频，其中解码该视频包括将经解码的视频缩放至显示装置的分辨率；以及请求第一流的一部分。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的实施例的自适应比特率流处理系统的网络示意图。
图2是示出了根据本发明的实施例的用于在给定主分辨率的情况下选择分辨率的处理的流程图。
图3是示出了根据本发明的实施例的用于在给定主分辨率的组合的情况下选择分辨率的处理的流程图。
图4概念地示出了根据本发明的实施例的被配置为呈现使用不同的视频分辨率编码的视频数据的回放装置。
图5是示出了使用根据本发明的实施例的处理计算的是主分辨率的简分数倍的分辨率集合的表格。
图6是示出了使用根据本发明的实施例的处理针对主分辨率的组合所计算的分辨率集合的表格。
图7是示出了使用根据本发明的实施例的处理针对主分辨率的组合所确定的最终分辨率集合的表格。
具体实施方式
下面转向附图，描述了根据本发明的实施例的以不同分辨率编码的流的自适应比特率流处理的系统和方法。根据本发明的实施例的自适应比特率流处理系统被配置为在诸如因特网的网络上流处理以不同最大比特率和分辨率编码的多媒体内容。多媒体内容通常包括视频和音频数据、字幕、和其它相关元数据。视频数据以一定的分辨率被创建并被编码以实现目标最大比特率。特定分辨率的视频数据可以以多个比特率被编码；然而，特定比特率的视频数据的主观质量部分地取决于视频数据的分辨率。例如，当高分辨率的视频数据以低比特率被编码时，由于存储在高分辨率视频中的信息在编码中被丢失，其可具有主观上很差的质量。同样，当以逐渐更高的比特率编码较低分辨率的视频数据时，可能不能示出任何改进的主观质量；然而，相对于较高分辨率编码，在较低比特率时，较低分辨率视频的主观质量可能是可接受的。根据本发明的实施例的自适应比特率流处理系统包含多媒体源，其包含不同的视频分辨率和最大比特率的视频数据。为了提供独立于网络数据速率的最高质量的视频体验，自适应比特率流处理系统被配置为在整个呈现视频数据的过程中，根据包括但不限于可用网络数据速率以及视频解码器性能的各种因素而在可用的视频数据源之间切换。用于在回放期间在视频流之间切换的系统和方法在2011年8月30日提交的Braness等人的美国专利申请序列号13/221,682、题目为“Systems and Methods for Adaptive Bitrate Streaming of MediaStored in Matroska Container Files Using Hypertext TransferProtocol”中公开，其全部内容通过引用结合于此。
尽管流式多媒体内容可以以多种不同分辨率中的任何一种被编码，但是解码用于显示的视频的处理通常涉及将经解码的视频缩放到显示装置的分辨率。在分辨率不同于显示装置的分辨率时，解码视频的每个像素被缩放以对应显示器的一个或多个像素。在一些情况下，可以优选的是，流式多媒体内容和显示分辨率之间的缩放比值是整数分数，诸如1:2、2:3、3:4、7:8等。自适应比特率流处理系统被设计为响应于流处理状态的变化而在多个流之间转换。在为了显示而按不同比值缩放的分辨率来编码的多个流之间的转换通常在视觉上是中断的。在多个实施例中，自适应比特率流处理系统被配置为使得内容以这样的方式被编码，即使得视频的每个流使用与源视频的纵横比相同的同一纵横比被编码。以该方式，经编码的视频的每个像素在接收视频的显示装置上被解码并显示时以统一的方式被缩放。下面将进一步讨论根据本发明的实施例的被配置为对以多个分辨率被编码、具有与源视频相同的纵横比的视频进行流处理的自适应比特率流处理系统。
系统概述
图1示出了根据本发明的实施例的自适应比特率流处理系统。自适应比特率流处理系统100包括源编码器106，其被配置为将源媒体编码为每个都具有相同纵横比的多个备选流。在示出的实施例中，源编码器是服务器。在其它实施例中，源编码器可以是包括处理器和执行源媒体（包括但不限于视频、音频和/或字幕）的转码的足够的资源的任何处理装置。源编码服务器106通常产生到包含流的多个容器文件的顶级索引，流中的至少多个流是备选流。备选流是以不同方式编码相同媒体内容的多个流。在许多情况下，备选流以不同的最大比特率编码媒体内容（诸如但不限于视频）。在多个实施例中，备选流用不同的分辨率和/或以不同的帧速率被编码。然而，备选视频流用对应于源视频的纵横比的相同纵横比被编码。顶级索引文件和容器文件被上传至HTTP服务器104。尽管以上将源编码服务器106描述为产生顶级索引文件，但是在许多实施例中，顶级索引文件响应于回放装置对于特定内容段的请求而被动态产生。
在示出的实施例中，回放装置包括个人计算机110、CE播放器108以及移动电话112。在其它实施例中，回放装置可以包括消费电子装置，诸如DVD播放器、蓝光播放器、电视、机顶盒、视频游戏机、平板电脑、以及其它能够通过HTTP连接至服务器并回放经编码的媒体的装置。在示出的实施例中，各种回放装置使用HTTP或其它适合的无状态协议通过诸如因特网的网络102来请求部分的顶级索引文件和容器文件。在回放装置使用来自包含在容器文件内的备选流的媒体的部分执行自适应比特率流处理之前，回放装置可以执行带宽探测来确定可用带宽。一旦带宽探测已完成，回放装置可以使用顶级索引内的数据——包括（但不限于）每个可用流的最大比特率——来确定初始流，由该初始流开始请求部分的经编码媒体，作为自适应流处理过程的一部分。
一旦开始从流的初始集合回放内容，回放装置使用顶级索引以响应于流处理状态的变化来执行内容的自适应比特率流处理。在使用以不同分辨率编码的流的自适应比特率流处理系统中，回放装置可以通过一系列的操作阶段而进展，其中回放装置在每个阶段不同地响应流处理状态的变化。在多个实施例中，流处理状态的稳定或改进流处理状态可以使得转换至回放装置假设操作状态稳定、缓冲更多内容、并且对流处理状态的波动比较不响应的阶段。在许多实施例中，流处理状态的恶化导致流切换至使用较少带宽的较低分辨率的流集合，并且导致回放装置转换至回放装置假设操作状态不稳定、缓冲更少的内容、以及对于流处理状态的变化做出快速响应的阶段。
在示出的实施例中，自适应性比特率流处理系统包括计算机系统，其能够呈现使用各种视频分辨率、具有可变的数据速率的多媒体内容。在许多实施例中，自适应比特率流处理系统可以使用能够呈现多媒体编码流的任何装置来实现，其中这些流以不同的最大比特率和分辨率来编码。图4示出了根据本发明的实施例的自适应流处理系统的源编码器的基本结构。自适应比特率流处理系统400包括处理器410，其与非易失性存储器430和易失性存储器420通信。在示出的实施例中，易失性存储器包括源编码器422以及以不同分辨率编码的视频数据424的备选流。尽管在图4中示出了具体结构，但是根据本发明的实施例，包括其中应用位于盘或一些其它形式的存储器上并在运行时被加载至易失性存储器中的结构的各种结构中的任何一种可以被用于实现自适应比特率流处理系统，该系统能够实现使用不同视频分辨率、具有可变的数据速率的多媒体呈现应用。此外，根据本发明的实施例，包括（但不限于）图1中示出的系统结构的各种系统结构中的任何一种可以被用于执行视频呈现。下面将讨论根据本发明的实施例的用于以不同分辨率来编码视频数据流并使用自适应流处理来呈现经编码的视频数据的系统和方法。
为主分辨率选择分辨率
如上所述，自适应比特率流处理系统涉及根据流处理状态在以不同比特率编码的不同视频流之间切换。在使用以不同分辨率编码的备选视频流的自适应流处理系统中，每个流的分辨率可以基于以给定比特率编码的视频的回放质量来选择。图2中示出了根据本发明的实施例的用于选择视频流的分辨率的一般过程。过程200通过基于给定的纵横比选择（210）主分辨率来开始。例如，对于纵横比16:9，在本发明的许多实施例中，主分辨率是1920×1080像素。为了由宽度确定212所有的高度和宽度的组合，主分辨率的宽度可以一次被减少一行，并且通过对新宽度应用纵横比来计算对应的高度。在一些实施例中，图像的宽度必须是8像素的倍数。在多个实施例中，计算出的高度可以被舍入至最接近的整数值。在很多实施例中，确定（212）高度和宽度的组合被重复，直到宽度达到预定的最小宽度，诸如320像素。为了确定（214）主分辨率的宽度和高度的组合，可以针对高度使用相同的过程。如上，在一些实施例中，高度是8像素高的倍数。尽管，在其它实施例中，最终的图像宽度和高度可以被定义为多个像素的任何倍数，例如2或4像素的倍数。
一旦使用宽度和高度二者确定了分辨率集合，列表被组合（216），并且任何重复的宽度和高度被去除。一旦重复的分辨率被去除，将计算出的宽度和高度与主宽度和主高度进行比较来确定哪些分辨率被选择（218）。在本发明的许多实施例中，其中高度和宽度都可以被表示为主分辨率的高度和宽度的整数分数倍的那些计算出的分辨率被选择（218），其中分子或分母小于预定数字，诸如100。图5中示出了使用上述过程的根据本发明的实施例所计算出的分辨率和比值的集合500的一个例子。例如，一个宽度和高度组合是1280×720，具有与主分辨率1920×1080的2/3的宽度比值和2/3的高度比值。在许多实施例中，1280×720将被选择（218）作为用于主分辨率1920×1080的子分辨率。然而，诸如1888×1062的分辨率不会被选择，因为1888除以1920或1062除以1080不可以使用分子和分母都小于100的整数分数被表示。在其它实施例中，整数分数可以都小于10或1000，或者分子可以小于10并且分母小于1000以及与之相反的情况。
尽管上面已经讨论了用于选择在多分辨率自适应流处理系统中使用的分辨率的具体过程，但是根据本发明的实施例，可以使用涉及基于主分辨率计算分辨率——包括计算高于主分辨率的分辨率的那些——的各种过程中的任何一种过程。下面将进一步讨论用于在给定主分辨率的组合的情况下选择分辨率的系统和方法。
为主分辨率组合选择分辨率
包含在多媒体内容中的视频数据通常以特定分辨率和纵横比被创建。然而，期望在各种显示装置上显示多媒体内容；这些显示装置可能不具有与视频数据相同的分辨率或纵横比。在自适应流处理系统中，视频数据可以以各种主分辨率、用不同的纵横比被编码，以维持显示源多媒体内容的一致性水平。图3中示出了根据本发明的实施例的用于为具有多纵横比的视频流选择分辨率的一般过程。过程300开始于为各种纵横比确定（310）主分辨率的集合。例如，在多个实施例中，主分辨率（具有相伴的纵横比）可以是1920×1080（16:9）、1920×1040（1.85:1）、1920×816（2.35:1）以及1920×800（2.4:1）。对于每个主分辨率，分辨率被计算（312），并且所计算的分辨率与主分辨率的比值被确定（314）。在本发明的许多实施例中，上述过程可以被使用来确定针对每个主分辨率所计算的分辨率和比值。在一些实施例中，确定比值（314）涉及将该比值转换为表示所计算的分辨率相对于主分辨率所包含的百分比面积的百分比，其被舍入至预定数目的有效数字，诸如1位有效数字。接着选择（316）主分辨率的所计算的分辨率之间的共同比值。在许多实施例中，所选择（316）的共同比值对于所有主分辨率都是共同的。在一些实施例中，所选择（316）的共同比值对于大部分主分辨率是共同的，诸如对于四个主分辨率中的三个，五个主分辨率中的三个，或三个主分辨率中的两个。一旦共同比值被选择，则对应的宽度被确定（318）。对于不具有匹配比值的主分辨率，最接近的宽度可以被选择。在多个实施例中，最接近的宽度应为4的倍数。在许多实施例中，最接近的宽度应是8的倍数。基于宽度，对应的高度通过使用纵横比被确定（320）。
图6中示出了根据本发明的实施例计算的分辨率的示例集合600。如图6所示，给定了主分辨率和纵横比，所确定（314）的一个共同比值是64%，出现在4个主分辨率中的3个中。基于主分辨率所计算的分辨率（连同纵横比）是1536×864（16:9）、1536×832（1.85:1）以及1536×640（2.4:1）。2.35:1的纵横比不具有所计算的分辨率，其是1536像素宽；对应于与主分辨率相同的宽度和高度比值的最接近的高度是652.8。在一些实施例中，该分辨率可以被舍入至最接近的为8的倍数的值，即656。一些其它的实施例可以使用小于所计算的高度值的最接近的8的倍数的值，即648。因此，所计算的高度是656，并且分辨率1536×656可以被用作所计算的分辨率。图7中示出了使用舍入法计算的分辨率的示例，给定了主分辨率1920×1080、1920×1040、1920×816以及1920×800，分辨率以纵横比16:9、1.85:1、2.35:1和2.4:1为目标。表700示出了共同宽度比值*高度比值、每个宽度比值*高度比值出现的数目、对应的宽度、以及针对每个纵横比的计算出的为8的倍数的高度，其中所计算出的高度已经使用下划线被表示。在本发明的多个实施例中，源编码器接收具有1920×1080的分辨率的视频数据，并以图7中示出的分辨率在多个流中编码视频数据。
尽管已经在特定具体方面描述了本发明，但是许多附加的修改和变型对于本领域技术人员是明显的。因此可以理解，在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，本发明可以以不同于具体描述的方式被实践——包括回放装置，其中由回放装置使用的流处理切换状态的集合连续变化。因此，本发明的实施例应在所有方面被视为是说明性的而不是限制性的。因此，本发明的范围不应当由说明的实施例来确定，而是由权利要求及其等同物确定。

Claims (28)

1.一种源编码器，包括：
处理器，由源编码器应用配置为执行以下操作：
接收多媒体内容，其中所述多媒体内容包括具有主分辨率和主采样纵横比的视频数据；以及
将所述视频数据编码为备选流集合，其中：
所述备选流集合中的多个流具有不同的最大比特率和分辨率；
所述多个流中的每个流的分辨率包括都是整数个像素的宽度和高度；以及
所述多个流中的每个流的宽度和高度二者都是对应的主分辨率的宽度和高度的简分数倍。
2.根据权利要求1所述的源编码器，其中所述备选流集合中的多个流具有相同的纵横比和不同的最大比特率和分辨率。
3.根据权利要求1所述的源编码器，其中所述备选流集合中的多个流具有相同的纵横比和不同的最大比特率、采样纵横比和分辨率。
4.根据权利要求3所述的源编码器，其中所述主分辨率是1920×1080，所述主纵横比是16:9，并且所述备选流集合中的多个流使用下面的分辨率和采样纵横比被编码：
分辨率=1536×864；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=1152×648；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=960×544；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=768×432；采样纵横比=1:1。
5.根据权利要求3所述的源编码器，其中所述主分辨率是1920×1040，所述主纵横比是1.85:1，并且所述备选流集合中的多个流使用下面的分辨率和采样纵横比被编码：
分辨率=1536×832；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=1152×624；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=960×520；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=768×416；采样纵横比=1:1。
6.根据权利要求3所述的源编码器，其中所述主分辨率是1920×816，所述主纵横比是2.35:1，并且所述备选流集合中的多个流使用下面的分辨率和采样纵横比被编码：
分辨率=1536×656；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=1152×488；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=960×408；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=768×328；采样纵横比=1:1。
7.根据权利要求3所述的源编码器，其中所述主分辨率是1920×800，所述主纵横比是2.40:1，并且所述备选流集合中的多个流使用下面的分辨率和采样纵横比被编码：
分辨率=1536×640；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=1152×480；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=960×400；采样纵横比=1:1
分辨率=768×320；采样纵横比=1:1。
8.一种将包括具有主分辨率和主采样纵横比的视频数据的多媒体内容编码为多个备选流的方法，包括：
使用源编码器接收包括具有主分辨率和主采样纵横比的视频数据的多媒体内容；以及
使用源编码器将所述视频数据编码为备选流集合，其中所述备选流集合中的多个流具有不同的最大比特率和分辨率；
其中所述多个流中的每个流的所述分辨率包括都是整数个像素的宽度和高度，并且所述多个流中的每个流的宽度和高度二者都是对应的主分辨率的宽度和高度的简分数倍。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中所述分数的分子和分母每个都小于100。
10.一种回放装置，包括：
处理器，被配置为与存储器通信，其中所述存储器包含客户端应用；
其中所述客户端应用将所述处理器配置为：
获取索引文件，其中所述索引文件描述了具有相同的纵横比和不同的比特率、分辨率的多个备选视频流，并且所述多个备选视频流中的至少两个具有不同的采样纵横比；
将视频解码器配置为解码具有所述多个备选视频流中的第一流的分辨率和采样纵横比的视频，其中解码所述视频包括将经解码的视频缩放至显示装置的分辨率；以及
请求第一流的一部分。
11.一种回放内容的方法，包括：
使用回放装置获取索引文件，其中所述索引文件描述了具有相同的纵横比和不同的比特率、分辨率的多个备选视频流，并且所述多个备选视频流中的至少两个具有不同的采样纵横比；
将所述回放装置上的视频解码器配置为解码具有所述多个备选视频流中的第一流的分辨率和采样纵横比的视频，其中解码所述视频包括将经解码的视频缩放至显示装置的分辨率；以及
使用所述回放装置请求第一流的一部分。
12.一种确定用于将具有主分辨率和主纵横比的主视频流编码为较低分辨率流的集合的子分辨率集合的方法，包括：
选择子分辨率集合，其中所述子分辨率集合中的每个子分辨率的高度和宽度是整数个像素并小于所述主分辨率的对应宽度和高度；以及
从所述子分辨率集合中选择子分辨率，其中所选子分辨率的宽度和高度具有与所述主纵横比相同的纵横比。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述子分辨率集合中的每个子分辨率的宽度和高度是8的倍数。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述子分辨率集合包括具有正方形采样纵横比的子分辨率。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述子分辨率集合通过以下被选择：
迭代地从所述主分辨率的宽度减去列宽，并将所得的宽度与所述主纵横比相乘来确定对应的高度；以及
选择其中所述宽度和对应的高度是整数个像素的子分辨率。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中选择所述子分辨率集合还包括：
迭代地从所述主分辨率的高度减去行高，并将所得的高度与所述主纵横比相乘来确定对应的宽度；以及
选择其中所述高度和对应的宽度是整数个像素的子分辨率。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中所述子分辨率集合中的每个子分辨率的宽度和高度是8的倍数。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中所述子分辨率集合包括具有正方形采样纵横比的子分辨率。
19.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中所述子分辨率集合包括具有正方形采样纵横比的子分辨率，并且每个子分辨率的宽度和高度是8的倍数。
20.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中针对主分辨率1920×1080、1920×1040、1920×816以及1920×800计算所述子分辨率。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法，其中所述子分辨率集合包括具有对于大部分主分辨率重复的共同宽度的子分辨率，并且其中为不共享共同宽度值的任何主分辨率选择子分辨率。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法，其中为不具有所述共同宽度值的所述主分辨率选择的子分辨率是通过使用所述宽度值并选择具有与所述主分辨率的纵横比相同的纵横比的高度值而产生的。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法，其中所选的高度值被舍入为最接近的8像素的倍数。
24.根据权利要求22所述的方法，其中所选的高度值被向下舍入为最接近的8的倍数。
25.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述子分辨率集合通过以下来选择：
迭代地从所述主分辨率的高度减去行高，并将所得的高度与所述主纵横比相乘来确定对应的宽度；以及
选择其中所述高度和对应的宽度是整数个像素的子分辨率。
26.一种包含处理器指令的机器可读介质，其中通过处理器执行所述指令使得所述处理器执行包括以下操作的处理：
接收包括具有主分辨率和主采样纵横比的视频数据的多媒体内容；以及
将所述视频数据编码为备选流集合，其中所述备选流集合中的多个流具有不同的最大比特率和分辨率；
其中所述多个流中的每个流的分辨率包括都是整数个像素的宽度和高度，并且所述多个流的每个流的宽度和高度二者都是对应的主分辨率的宽度和高度的简分数倍。
27.根据权利要求26所述的包含处理器指令的机器可读介质，其中所述分数的分子和分母每个都小于100。
28.一种包含处理器指令的机器可读介质，其中通过处理器执行所述指令使得所述处理器执行包括以下操作的处理：
获取索引文件，其中所述索引文件描述了具有相同的纵横比和不同的比特率、分辨率的多个备选视频流，并且所述多个备选视频流中的至少两个具有不同的采样纵横比；
配置视频解码器来解码具有所述多个备选视频流的第一流的分辨率和采样纵横比的视频，其中解码所述视频包括将经解码的视频缩放至显示装置的分辨率；以及
请求第一流的一部分。
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