CN103517471B - 具有电功能的面状结构 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有电功能的面状结构(1),其用于安置在功能区(10)中。本发明提出,所述面状结构(1)在其被布置后又能完好无损地从所述功能区(10)中移除。
Description
技术领域
本发明的主题是具有电功能的面状结构1。所述面状结构可以是交通工具脚垫、电热毯,特别是用来给没有知觉的病人取暖的电热毯,可加热的地毯或用于探测是否存在人或动物的垫子。
背景技术
由于这种类型的面状元件应该是可以是根据需求至少暂时地从使用地移开,所以它需要具有充分导电性的、简单和安全的连接方式。例如需要清洗脚垫、消毒医院中的手术器材或将地毯或毯子铺在地面上时,应可以按照用户的选择有目的地将它移开。目前,所述类型的面状结构的功能大多数情况下受限。
发明内容
因此,本发明涉及一种用于将面状结构与电能量源电连接的装置。
在下文的说明书和权利要求书中解释了本发明的细节。这些实施例应该可以诠释本发明。但它们仅起示范作用。当然在由独立权利要求限定的本发明的保护范围内也可忽略、改变或补充单个的或几个已被描述的特征。不同实施方式的特征当然也可以相互组合。关键是本发明的方案基本能够实现。如果某个特征至少部分可实现,那么这一特征也能完全地或基本上完全地实现。“基本上”在此处的意思特别是实现本发明意味着可在一定程度上获得所期待的功用。这也可能特别指的是至少50%、90%、95%或99%地实现相应特征。如果给出最小数目,当然就也可以使用多于该最小数目。如果给出具有至少一个特征的构件的数目,那么它特别地也包括具有两个、三个或其他数目的构件的实施方式。针对一个对象的描述内容也可以转移到其他所有相同类型对象的绝大部分或整体上。只要不给出其他限定,数值范围就包括端点。
附图说明
下文参照如下附图:
图1:具有本发明的面状结构的交通工具的侧视图;
图2:图1中的面状结构的透视图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及对至少一个对象100进行调温和/或监测。在此包括特别是所有人可接触到的或有结冰危险的物体或表面,例如飞机机翼、发射设备、冰箱、住宅的内部设备、门、窗、毯子、床、靠垫等。它也可以是飞机、水路和陆路交通工具、轨道车辆或例如根据1所示的机动车1000的内部设备,例如是转向装置100a、方向盘100b、仪表盘100c、扶手、门衬100d、座椅座、交通工具顶棚100f、垫子、衬套70、座椅100e或如这里所示是脚垫。
至少一个这样的对象100具有一个或多个功能区10。在此指的例如是例如乘客识别装置的可被调温的表面或可被监测的区域。
给至少一个可被调温的或可被监测的对象100和至少一个功能区10配置至少一个具有至少一种电功能的面状结构1。在此,例如在图1或2中,它指的是电热毯、配有传感器的脚垫、空气调节装置40等。所述面状结构1至少部分地被布置在所述功能区10中。
优选地,至少一个面状结构具有至少一个用于给所述功能区10调温的调温装置43。所述调温装置43可理解为任何可被用于有目的地改变其周围环境中的温度的装置,例如所有具有至少一个加热电阻、热泵、帕尔贴元件和/或空气运动装置例如通风机的装置。
至少一个调温装置43优选具有至少一个电加热装置44。这种加热装置优选被实施为织物面状元件。它可以例如被用作可插入到内饰例如座椅100e的靠垫中的内置件。
至少一个加热装置44优选地具有一个或多个电阻装置45,以便将电能转变为热能。优选地,如此构造一个或多个电阻装置45,从而在温度高于100℃时,视使用情况而定在温度高于200℃或高于250℃时,它至少部分地丧失导电性。根据使用情况,也可低于150℃,低于200℃或也可能低于260℃。至少一个电阻装置45和/或其一个组成部分优选地具有PTC效应。
至少一个电阻装置45优选地具有一个或多个用于调温的导线50。
优选地,至少一个加热装置44具有两个或更多的电极46,这些电极彼此有间隔地至少部分地被布置在电阻装置45上。优选地,它们在边缘附近沿着电阻装置45布置并且通过缝纫、粘接或印刷的方式固定在电阻装置上。它们可能具有长形拉伸的轮廓并且基本上呈蜿蜒曲折形和/或直线形延伸。它们优选地被布置为彼此平行并且分别在其一个端部上通过连接导线461与电流源/电压源连接。如果在电阻装置45上布置多于两个的接触装置48,那么可以与其他区域无关地为特定区域加载电流。
电极46原则上可由与电阻装置45相同的材料制成。为此优选地设计更大量的导电材料。这例如可以通过如下方式实现,即例如通过丝网印刷将电阻装置印刷在面状的承载装置上。随后在边缘区域中印刷上一个或多个另外的层,以便由此形成电极。
这种面状结构1可以是一种由一个或多个层构造而成的模块。优选地,这种面状结构1包括用来屏蔽较大干扰影响的保护层。能导电的薄膜或纺织物提供所需的热能。
这种面状结构1优选地具有至少一个套子70。套子70在此是指各种类型的至少部分遮盖所述面状结构1的层、套子内胆或层复合物;特别是作为连贯的面状构件而被布置在所述面状结构1上和/或可以基本上连接地与其松脱。作为补充方案或替换方案的是,面状结构1也可以配有一个或多个涂层。
对于某些使用情况而言符合目的要求的是,所述面状结构1在其下侧72上包括一个具有高摩擦阻力的表面,例如通过使用高摩擦系数的材料,例如橡胶。也可以通过高的粗糙度,例如通过使用椰壳纤维、陶瓷颗粒或粗糙化的纺织物来达到这种效果。
对于某些使用情况而言,所述面状结构1在其面向使用者的上侧71上配有地毯、纺织物、聚氨酯涂层或类似物,由此防止所述面状结构1受潮或被污染或者将其表面构造为手感舒适。
优选地,所述面状结构1具有用于采集至少一种环境参量的传感装置。在空气调节装置40的情况下,它可以例如是湿度传感器,用来求得座椅和/或周围空气中的湿度或其他参数。在加热装置44的情况下,它可以例如是温度传感器,其监测加热元件和/或周围环境的温度水平,以保证最大的舒适度和安全性。这种温度传感器可以例如是温度计。
也可以规定,传感装置用于识别人或乘客。它可以例如对电磁场、环境压力、势能或电量的变化有所反应。它可以用信号通告这一事件或者例如使构件开始运转或停止运转。例如它可以在侦测到人员时开启加热装置或空气调节装置、收音机、安全带监测装置、自动导航装置和泊车辅助装置或在人员消失时关闭相应的系统。
值得期待的是,所述面状结构1也可以在安装后完好无损地从所述功能区10中再次移除。这要求电连接可被简单地松开以及又可以快速地与能量源60连接。
优选的是,所述面状结构具有至少一个接触装置48,其与能量源侧上的相应接口装置3共同作用,由此在所述面状结构1上提供电压。
所述连接装置和接口装置3之间的能量传输在此可以通过所述连接装置上的接触性导电接触面4、5和所述接口装置3的相应接触面之间的电流传输来实现。
符合目的要求的是,相应的接触面4、5在安装状态中通过压紧力彼此压紧。这可以例如通过机械弹簧、磁铁或夹紧杠杆实现。
已公知了将脚垫固定在交通工具地板上的一个或多个角部处的插拔连接。还可以规定,将这种固定装置也用作接口装置3。
为了避免连接装置和接口装置3的接触面之间的污染,可以有利地将接触面布置为与功能区10不平行。
如果所述面状结构1具有至少一个连接装置,其与至少一个接口装置3在至少一个接触面上导电连接,并且如果所述接触面相对于功能区10倾斜地布置,那么就更加有利。
优选地,为此所述面状结构的至少一部分倾斜,从而使得当将所述接口装置3布置在例如壁或倾斜的底部区段中时,也可以使所述接口装置2接触接通。对于交通工具的脚垫,优选地把所述接口装置3设计在下述壁中,所述壁相对于行驶方向布置在乘客的侧面。其他合适的位置是在行驶方向上位于踏板前的倾斜区段。
优选地这样布置至少一个分配给功能区10的引导电压的接触面,使得它的方向是离开使用者并指向功能区10。因此它已经通过所述面状结构1本身遮盖。
如果至少一个面状结构1在其面向使用者的侧上具有至少一个电接触面4、5,那么所述接口装置3的接触面可以从上接触到所述面状结构1。为此还可以设计弯形件、插接轨或板簧,将所述面状结构1至少在边缘区段或角部处被推入到上述部件下面。在这一情况下,所述面状结构1在其上侧上支撑所述连接装置的接触面4、5。因此这些接触面4、5可以与所述接口装置3的接触面形成电接触。这种板簧或轨优选地沿着脚垫的前棱边或侧棱边布置。
作为补充方案或替代方案的是,可以将接触面4、4′、5、5′安置在使用者无法或很难触及到的边缘区中,例如其方式是,将脚垫的一个或多个角部接触和固定在特别是踏板侧面的和相对于行驶方向而言踏板前面的角部区域内。
用于固定面状结构的固定装置12,所述固定装置被如此布置在至少一个接触面4″、5″上方,使得其即使在面状结构的拆卸状态下也遮盖至少一个接触面,所述固定装置12也可以阻止无意间碰触到电接触面。
至少一个功能区10或分配给它的接口装置3优选地在一种状态下(在所述状态中分配给它的具有电功能的面状结构1或其连接装置从运行位置中移除)不具有引导电压的外表面。也就是说,其至少在它的外表面上没有电压。
外表面在此处特别是可以理解为所有从功能区10指向使用者的区域,或在正常使用被调温/监测的对象100时可被人触摸到的所有区域。
可以例如通过为功能区10分配一个遮盖装置的方式确保外表面上没有电压,该遮盖装置在所述面状结构1的拆卸状态下遮盖电接触面。符合目的要求的是,在移除所述连接装置时,所述遮盖装置自动移到所述接口装置3的接触面的前方。这例如也可以通过旋转的、只能由连接装置移除的垫圈实现。另一种可能是橡胶弹性的遮盖装置,其通过凸缘或自动关闭的开口遮住导电区。
用于实现无电压外表面的其他可能性是借助于相应的开关装置以无电流的方式断开或通电,也就是接通或切断电流。为此带有插针、磁铁或其他器件的连接装置可以操作开关,该开关中断对至少一个接触面的供电。通过这一方式,甚至在具有高工作电压的系统中也可以使接触面相对于使用者保持绝缘。如果使用插针,那么优选地将其构造为可以避免中断,所述接口装置3上的开口不让一般的异物例如鞋跟、石块或钥匙通过并且同时允许可靠接通和切断电源。为此,平面的、弯曲成锯齿形的连接片或以十字螺丝刀的刀尖形式的短的突起部分都是适宜的。可以通过用于减少受伤风险的、附加的环形连接片来遮护它们。
所述开关装置优选地与关闭机构耦合,所述关闭机构例如以钥匙或锁的形式,例如具有特殊形状(例如十字形槽)的插销。由此,当另一个对象例如鞋跟或使用者偶然触碰到所述接触面4、5时,也可以避免出现无意的电流。
但优选地以磁方式来切换关闭机构和/或工作电流。为此优选地在所述接口装置3中有一个在基本位置中断电流的开关。如果所述开关受到布置在所述连接装置上的磁铁的磁场的影响,那么所述开关闭合,由此所述连接装置得到电流。
为形成触点接通,所述接口装置3也可具有RAI电阻。同样,只有在期待有电流流向面状结构时,所述RAI电阻才会接通。
为避免电接触和带电流的外表面,在没有直接电接触的情况下,在所述面状结构与其功能元件之间为一方以及与能量源之间为另一方可进行电能传输,例如通过感应电传输的方式。为此优选地给至少一个功能区10分配至少一个能量输出装置32、32′,由此向所述面状结构1或它的电功能元件输出能量,例如以电输出线圈6′的形式。这种线圈可以例如具有金属丝或绞线,所述金属丝或绞线围绕线圈轴或旋转点缠绕,例如作为圆柱形的金属丝卷。但是它也可以具有蜗杆形状,其线圈直径可变,尤其是从内向外增大。在此,所述线圈也可以例如通过缝的方式固定在底座上或者自身可以形成线的一部分或者它自身就是线。这种特别是将线圈布置在地面上和/或需要打理的垫子上的地毯之上的方式非常节省空间。
优选地,所述面状结构1和/或它的接口装置3具有至少一个能量接收装置33、33′,以便以无接触的方式为所述面状结构1的至少一个电构件供应能量。为此适合的有例如电线圈,其允许能量进入一方面在连接装置和所述面状结构1之间的以及另一方面在它和所述接口装置3之间的电磁场。
所述面状结构1自身或所述连接装置自身具有相应的电线圈6、6′,以便从电磁场中获取电能。也可以规定,在所述面状结构的电功能元件内,所述感应场直接产生电流。在这种布置方式中,线圈以适当方式由作为电阻装置45的热敏电阻形成。所述线圈的端部在此符合目的要求地借助于电极46彼此连接。所述电阻装置45优选地具有绝缘的铜绞线。这种线圈-热敏电阻-系统优选地以千赫范围内的共振频率激发。因此能量传输的效率高于90%。
因此可以使用例如加热元件通过感应加载的方式来直接地产生热能。但也可以设计第二线圈,其从电磁场中获取能量并且以功能元件、特别是加热电阻中电流的形式输送给面状结构1。
电线圈6、6′优选具有1到1000个之间的绕组,优选地是10到100个之间的绕组。优选地,所述面状结构1的基面的至少50%被布置在一个或多个螺旋内。优选地设计至少一个螺旋,该螺旋具有至少一个绕组,优选为至少70%,更好的是90%。这种结构可以有效地使用从外部施加的电磁场。
为了将所述面状结构1及其接触装置48或能量接收装置33引导到其在功能区10中相对于接口装置3的、已被设定的工作位置处,可以使用引导装置17、17′,例如以插销的形式。特别实际的是使用磁铁,其在连接装置接近接口装置3时使这两个组件相互间自动地精确校准。作为补充方案的是,这种磁铁也可以在连接装置和接口装置3的电接触点之间产生压紧力,由此使两个接触点之间充分压紧。由此使得累接阻抗保持很小。
所述空气调节装置40或其元件中的一个或多个(例如电阻装置45、接触装置48......)具有一个或多个导线50。它们可以实施为例如电极46、用于传导电流的接触装置或连接导线461、用于产生热的电阻装置45和/或传感装置例如温度-或湿度传感器。
如果所述面状结构1具有至少一个承载件和至少一个加热装置44,并且如果所述加热装置44中的至少一个或其加热电阻的至少一部分被引导越过所述承载件的一个棱边并在所述承载件的背面上翻转,也就是被折叠到所述承载件后面,那么所述承载件在其整个面上、但至少在其被翻转的棱边上直至边缘可被加热。如果多个这样的承载件被并列放置且可以避免在两个承载件之间出现冷却区,那么它是特别适宜的。
优选地,所述面状结构1具有面状的承载件,例如由薄膜或纺织物构成。优选地在所述承载件上缝上至少一个热敏电阻。具有热敏电阻的承载件优选地被埋入到乳胶、泡沫橡胶、聚氨酯泡沫或其他弹性材料中,由此形成脚垫。在埋入弹性物质中前,在一个或多个侧面上使用聚氨酯泡沫遮盖带有热敏电阻的承载件是适当的,由此避免弹性物质进入到纺织的承载件中。优选地,所述承载件和/或布置在其上的热敏电阻至少区段地被埋入到脚垫内部,沿着脚垫的平面可相对于周围的弹性物质移动。
符合目的要求的是,所述面状结构1或其组成部分中的至少一个例如承载件或橡胶层具有铁氧体作为组成部分。特别适合的是粉末状的或颗粒状铁氧体的混合。如果将铁氧体布置在线圈内,则这能提高无接触式能量传输的效率,这是因为它使得电磁场穿过线圈的磁流转向。
附图标记列表
1面状结构
3接口装置
4、4′、4″、5、5′、5″接触面
6、6′线圈
10功能区
17、17′引导装置
32、32′能量输出装置
33、33′能量接收装置
40空气调节装置
43调温装置
44加热装置
45电阻装置
46电极
48接触装置
50导线
60电源
70罩子
71上侧
72反面
100对象
100a转向装置
100b转向轮
100c挡泥板
100d车门护板
100e车座
100f交通工具顶棚
461连接导线
1000机动车
Claims (9)
1.一种具有电功能的面状结构(1),用于布置在功能区(10)中,其特征在于,所述面状结构(1)在其被布置后又可以完好无缺地从所述功能区(10)中移除,其中,所述面状结构(1)具有至少一个连接装置,所述连接装置与至少一个接口装置(3)在至少一个接触面(4、5)上形成导电连接,并且所述接触面(4、5)相对于所述功能区(10)倾斜地布置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的面状结构,其特征在于,所述面状结构(1)具有加热装置(44)并且附加或替代地具有传感装置以采集至少一个环境参量。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的面状结构,其特征在于,所述面状结构(1)具有至少一个能量接收装置,以便以无接触的方式为所述面状结构(1)的至少一个电构件提供能量。
4.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的面状结构,其特征在于,所述面状结构(1)借助于引导装置定位在所述功能区(10)中。
5.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的面状结构(1),其特征在于,所述面状结构在其面向使用者的侧上具有至少一个电接触面。
6.根据权利要求1所述的面状结构(1),其特征在于,所述面状结构(1)具有至少一个承载件和至少一个加热装置(44),并且所述加热装置(44)中的至少一个被引导越过所述承载件的至少一个棱边并且被翻转到所述承载件的背面上。
7.一种被调温的或被监测的功能区(10),在该功能区中设置根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的面状结构(1),其特征在于,所述功能区(10)在下述状态下至少在其外表面上没有电压,在所述状态中,配置给所述功能区的、具有电功能的面状结构(1)被从所述面状结构的工作位置中移除。
8.根据权利要求7所述的功能区(10),其特征在于,通过下述装置中的至少一个确保无电压的外表面:
a)遮盖装置,其在连接装置移除时自动移到接口装置(3)的接触面之前,
b)橡胶弹性的遮盖装置,其通过凸缘或自动关闭的开口遮盖电流引导区,
c)开关装置,其以无电流的方式切断所述接触面,
d)无接触式工作的能量-/传输装置,以便在没有电接触的情况下将能量传输至面状结构(1)的至少一个电构件,
e)将至少一个配置给所述功能区(10)的导电接触面布置为使得其背离使用者地向着所述功能区(10)指向,
f)将至少一个配置给所述功能区(10)的导电接触面布置为使得其被布置在使用者不能或很难触及的边缘区中,
g)用于固定所述面状结构(1)的固定装置,其被布置在至少一个接触面上方,使得其即使在面状结构(1)被拆除的状态下也遮盖接触面中的至少一个。
9.一种被调温的或被监测的对象(100),其特征在于,它具有至少一个根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的面状结构(1)并且附加或者替代地具有根据权利要求7或8所述的功能区(10)。
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- 2013-04-15 DE DE201310006410 patent/DE102013006410A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-04-15 DE DE202013003491U patent/DE202013003491U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2013-06-05 KR KR1020130064636A patent/KR101526547B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-06-17 US US13/919,059 patent/US9717115B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-06-18 CN CN201310384166.3A patent/CN103517471B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-06-18 JP JP2013127562A patent/JP2014001921A/ja active Pending
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2016
- 2016-03-03 JP JP2016040872A patent/JP2016164878A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1930919A (zh) * | 2004-03-08 | 2007-03-14 | W.E.T.汽车系统股份公司 | 面加热元件 |
JP2011102657A (ja) * | 2009-11-10 | 2011-05-26 | Panasonic Corp | 暖房マットおよびそれを搭載した電気自動車 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2014001921A (ja) | 2014-01-09 |
US20130334202A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 |
CN103517471A (zh) | 2014-01-15 |
KR20130142071A (ko) | 2013-12-27 |
US9717115B2 (en) | 2017-07-25 |
DE202013003491U1 (de) | 2013-09-20 |
DE102013006410A1 (de) | 2013-12-19 |
KR101526547B1 (ko) | 2015-06-05 |
JP2016164878A (ja) | 2016-09-08 |
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