CN103418438A - 一种氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN103418438A
CN103418438A CN201310370437XA CN201310370437A CN103418438A CN 103418438 A CN103418438 A CN 103418438A CN 201310370437X A CN201310370437X A CN 201310370437XA CN 201310370437 A CN201310370437 A CN 201310370437A CN 103418438 A CN103418438 A CN 103418438A
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palladium catalyst
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azepine cabbeen
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CN103418438B (zh
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沈安
曹育才
倪晨
李永清
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Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry SRICI
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Abstract

本发明涉及氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂及其制备方法和应用,以乙二醛为原料在路易斯酸或者布朗斯特酸参与的条件下合成乙二醛二亚胺,然后与多聚甲醛反应得到氮杂卡宾类配体;同时钯(II)与含碳氮双键的化合物反应得到钯(II)环二聚体;该钯环二聚体与氮杂卡宾类配体配位后得到氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂。与现有技术相比,本发明制备得到全新结构的钯催化剂具有高活性以及多功能的特点,在Suzuki-Miyaura、Heck、Buchwald-Hartwig、Kumada-Tamao-Corriu、Sonogashira、Negishi以及α-酮芳基化反应等多种催化偶联反应中具有优异的反应活性,有些反应甚至能在极低的催化剂浓度下进行,具有较好的产业化前景。

Description

一种氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及新型结构的钯催化剂及其制备和用途,特别涉及一种全新结构、多功能、高活性氮杂卡宾(NHC)类钯催化剂及其制备,以及其在多种偶联反应中的用途。
背景技术
过渡金属催化的C-C键偶联反应是一种非常有效的有机合成手段,通过该手段能在相对温和的条件下实现特定位置上C-C键的形成。因而可以用于多种天然产物、药物中间体、有机材料的合成中,无论在学术研究中还是产业化开发上都具有重要意义。而其中过渡金属钯催化的交叉偶联反应发展尤为迅速(Org.Process Res.Dev.2005,9,253)。
多年来,有机金属钯催化剂不断地被开发使得过渡金属催化的C-C键偶联反应发生革命性变化。在这些新型催化剂的作用下,卤代芳烃、类卤代芳烃、烯基卤化物等都能够很好地与各种烯烃、炔烃、芳香类化合物或有机金属试剂进行偶联反应。广泛的官能团容忍性以及温和的反应条件展示了良好的产业化潜力。但是如何将催化剂用量降低却是一个至关重要的问题。
从已有的文献报道看(Chem.Rev.2002,102,1359;),绝大多数的交叉偶联反应采用1%-10%的催化剂用量(US.Patent2004,002,489,2002;JP.Patent2004,262,832,2003;JP.Patent2005,008,578,2003;WO.Patent2004,101,581,2004;WO.Patent2005,012,271,2004等等)。然而,催化剂的用量若不能降到1000ppm一下,无论从生产成本还是从最终产品中重金属残留指标的控制上来讲都将对其产业化产生极大负面影响(Chem.Rev.2006,106,2651)。为数不多的微量钯催化剂实现偶联反应的文献及专利摘录如下:
1991年,Syntec报道了利用三硅基膦作为配体,在1000ppm的醋酸钯催化下实现溴代芳烃与胺的Buchwald反应,产率可达91%,唯一的不足是其配体需要用1mol%(DE.Patent19,963,009,1991)。
Figure BDA0000370430540000021
1996年,Hoechst发表了关于微量钯催化剂实现Heck反应的专利,针对几种不同的底物,均能以500ppm的催化剂用量实现较高产率的转化(DE.Patent19,647,584,1996)。
Figure BDA0000370430540000022
2001年,OMG和Beller共同开发了一类新型钯烯烃配位的催化剂用于氯代芳烃与硼酸的Suzuki偶联反应。该类催化剂特别适用于邻氯苯腈作为底物进行反应,在500ppm催化剂的用量下,反应的产率就可以达到90%以上。而用对氯氟苯以及对氯苯甲醚作为底物进行反应时,则效果非常一般(EPPatent1,199,292,2001)。
Figure BDA0000370430540000023
2008年,Hartwig等人报道了基于二茂铁结构的配体,配合醋酸钯使用仅需50-2000ppm的催化剂就可以用量催化碘代芳烃、溴代芳烃甚至是氯代芳烃的Buchwald-Hartwig反应,反应产率均可达到90%以上(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2008,130,6586)。
Figure BDA0000370430540000024
由此可见,交叉偶联反应的产业化应用极其依赖于高效催化剂的合成,无论是在原有催化剂基础上进行改进还是发明全新结构的催化剂都具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种全新结构的、多功能、高活性氮杂卡宾(NHC)类钯催化剂及其制备方法和应用,尤其是能在低于500ppm的用量下催化实现Suzuki-Miyaura、Heck、Buchwald-Hartwig、Kumada-Tamao-Corriu、Sonogashira、Negishi以及α-酮芳基化反应等7种催化交叉偶联反应。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:
氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂,分子结构如下所示:
上述分子结构中R1、R2、R3、R4和R5分别独立地代表H、烷基、杂烷基或芳基,R6、R7和R8分别独立地代表H、烷基、杂烷基或芳基,R9代表烷基或芳基烯基,R10和R11分别独立地代表H、烷基、杂烷基或芳基,Y代表Cl或OAc。。
所述的R1、R3和R5分别独立地代表H、C1-C15直链或支链烷基,C1-C15含氮、氧杂的直链或支链烷基,芳烃,优选H、C1-C10的直链或支链烷基以及C1-C10含氮、氧杂的直链或支链烷基;
所述的C1-C10的直链或支链烷基以及C1-C10含氮、氧杂的直链或支链烷基包含H、甲基、乙基、异丙基、异丁基、1-乙基丙基、1-苯基丙基、环己基、氮二甲基、氮二乙基、甲氧基、乙氧基。
作为优选的实施方式,R6代表苯环上不同位置的取代基包含H、F、2-甲基、4-甲基、3,5-二甲基、2-甲氧基、4-甲氧基、3,5二甲氧基、4-叔丁基、3,5-二叔丁基、2-硝基、4-硝基、4-腈基、3,4-(亚甲二氧基)、4-苯甲酰基、4-乙氧羰基、4-三氟甲基、苯基(可连成稠环化合物);R7和R8分别独立地代表H、羟基、烷氧基、C1-C10直链或支链烷基、取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基,该C6-C18芳基包括苯基、1-萘基、4-叔丁基苯基、3,5-二叔丁基苯基、4-甲基苯基、3,5-二甲基苯基、4,4’-联苯基或3,5-二苯基苯基。
作为优选的实施方式,R9代表H、C1-C10直链或支链烷基或者烯基、烯丙基,优选H、甲基、甲烯基;R10和R11分别独立地代表H、羟基、烷氧基、C1-C10直链或支链烷基、取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基,该C6-C18芳基包括苯基、1-萘基、4-叔丁基苯基、3,5-二叔丁基苯基、4-甲基苯基、3,5-二甲基苯基、4,4’-联苯基或3,5-二苯基苯基。
氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
A、以乙二醛为原料,与式(I)所示的伯胺化合物在路易斯酸或者布朗斯特酸参与的条件下反应得到式(II)所示的乙二醛二亚胺中间体化合物;
B、式(II)所示的乙二醛二亚胺中间体化合物与多聚甲醛在添加剂(III)作用下环合成式(IV)所示的氮杂卡宾类化合物;
Figure BDA0000370430540000042
C、钯(II)与式(VI)或(VII)所示含碳氮双键的化合物在无机盐(V)的作用下分别得到式(VIII)或者式(IX)所示的钯(II)环二聚体;
Figure BDA0000370430540000043
Figure BDA0000370430540000051
D、式(VIII)或者式(IX)所示的钯(II)环二聚体与式(IV)所示的氮杂卡宾类化合物在碱性条件下配位得到式(X)或者式(XI)所示的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂;
Figure BDA0000370430540000052
步骤A中所述的路易斯酸或者布朗斯特酸选自三氯化铝、四氯化锡、硫酸氢钾、甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸和四乙氧基钛中的一种。
步骤B中的环合反应由式(II)所示的乙二醛二亚胺中间体化合物与多聚甲醛在添加剂(III)的作用下反应;所述的添加剂(III)为盐酸二氧六环溶液或者三甲基氯硅烷,优选三甲基氯硅烷。
步骤C中的钯(II)选自氯化钯、醋酸钯、硝酸钯和乙酰丙酮钯中的一种或者任意两种的混合物,所述的无机盐(V)为氯化锂、溴化钠、碘化钠或醋酸钠,优选氯化锂或醋酸钠。
步骤D中的配位反应在隔绝空气的条件下进行,碱性条件需要的碱选自叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇钠、氢氧化钾、乙醇钠、碳酸钾或醋酸钠中的一种。
制备得到的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂可以应用在Suzuki-Miyaura、Heck、Buchwald-Hartwig、Kumada-Tamao-Corriu、Sonogashira、Negishi以及α-酮芳基化的偶联反应中。
氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂应用于Suzuki-Miyaura反应中,在碱的作用下催化不同卤代芳烃与芳基硼酸的交叉偶联反应,如式E所示:
Figure BDA0000370430540000061
式E中Ar、Ar’分别独立地代表取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基,C4-C10的氮杂环芳烃、氧杂环芳烃或者硫杂环芳烃,X1优选Cl或Br,使用的碱包括叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、磷酸钾、碳酸钾、碳酸钠或甲醇钠。
氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂应用于Heck反应中,催化不同卤代芳烃与烯烃的偶联反应,如式F所示:
Figure BDA0000370430540000062
式F中Ar代表取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基,R12代表取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基,包含甲酯、乙酯、异丙酯、叔丁酯在内的酯基或苄基等,X2优选Cl或Br。
氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂应用于Buchwald-Hartwig反应中,在碱的作用下催化不同卤代芳烃与一级或二级胺反应,如式G所示:
Figure BDA0000370430540000063
式G中Ar代表取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基,R13、R14分别独立地代表H,C1-C6的烷基或环烷基,取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基,或是连成六元碳环、六元氧杂碳环、六元氮杂碳环,X3优选Cl或Br,使用的碱包括叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、磷酸钾、碳酸钾、碳酸钠或甲醇钠。
氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂应用于Sonogashira反应中,在碱的作用下催化不同卤代芳烃与末端炔烃的偶联反应,如式H所示:
Figure BDA0000370430540000071
式G中R15代表C1-C10的烷基、环烷基,R16代表取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基,C1-C10的直链烷基、支链烷基或环烷基或烷氧基,X4优选Br,使用的碱包括叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、磷酸钾、碳酸钾、碳酸钠或甲醇钠。
氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂应用于Kumada-Tamao-Corriu反应中,催化不同卤代芳烃与芳基格式试剂的偶联反应,如式I所示:
Figure BDA0000370430540000072
式I中Ar代表取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基,R17代表取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基、五元或六元氮杂环芳基,五元或六元氧杂环芳基或五元硫杂环芳基,X5优选Cl或Br。
氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂应用于Negishi反应中,催化不同卤代芳烃与有机锌试剂的偶联反应,如式J所示:
Figure BDA0000370430540000073
式J中Ar代表取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基,R18代表取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基、苄基或高烯丙基,X6优选Cl或Br。
氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂应用于α-酮芳基化反应中,催化不同卤代芳烃与α-酮反应,如式K所示:
式K中Ar代表取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基,R19代表取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基、五元或六元氮杂环芳基、五元或六元氧杂环芳基或五元硫杂环芳基,R20代表C1-C6的直链烷基、支链烷基或环烷基,其中R19与R20可以连成环,X7优选Cl或Br,使用的碱包括叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、磷酸钾、碳酸钾、碳酸钠或甲醇钠。
与现有报道的催化剂相比,本发明合成得到全新结构的氮杂卡宾类催化剂具有以下特点:
(1)高活性。本催化剂采用了非常富电子的氮杂卡宾作为其中一部分配体,不仅提高了催化剂的活性,加快偶联反应中氧化加成步骤的反应速率,同时得益于氮杂卡宾类配体的特性,还大大提高催化剂对于空气的稳定性。另一方面,首次采用亚胺类结构作为催化剂的平衡配体,通过修饰亚胺苯环上的取代基团以及改变亚胺氮原子上取代基团,大大丰富平衡配体的可调节性,为进一步调节催化剂活性提供可能。
(2)多功能性。正是由于本发明的催化剂具有极高的催化活性,而且催化活性还能进一步调整,因而可以适用于包括Suzuki-Miyaura、Heck、Buchwald-Hartwig、Kumada-Tamao-Corriu、Sonogashira、Negishi以及α-酮芳基化反应等7种常见催化偶联反应。特别是在极低催化剂用量(小于500ppm)的条件下也能取得较好的效果,具有较好的工业化应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1
N,N′-双(2,6-二异丙基苯基)乙烷二亚胺的合成:
在反应器中加入36.3g乙二醛(0.25mol,40%水溶液),乙醇350mL,再加入88.5g的2,6-二异丙基苯胺(0.5mol)以及1.15g甲酸(0.025mmol),在环境温度下(15-20℃)搅拌反应3小时。将反应液过滤,同时用150mL的甲醇洗涤滤饼,然后将滤饼干燥至恒重,即可得到N,N′-双(2,6-二异丙基苯基)乙烷二亚胺。产品为亮黄色固体,85.1g,产率91%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ8.41(s,2H),7.46(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.21(d,J=7.5Hz,4H),3.00(hept,J=6.3Hz,4H),1.21(d,J=6.4Hz,24H)。重复上述过程,制备出足够量的N,N′-双(2,6-二异丙基苯基)乙烷二亚胺产品备用。
1,3-双(2,6-二异丙基苯基)氯化咪唑的合成:
反应器中加入8.1g多聚甲醛(0.27mol),101.5g N,N′-双(2,6-二异丙基苯基)乙烷二亚胺(0.27mol)以及1.5L乙酸乙酯溶液,加热至70℃搅拌均匀。然后缓慢滴加45.8g四氯硅烷(0.27mol),滴加时间控制在45分钟至1小时,继续搅拌反应3小时。将反应液过滤,同时用200mL乙酸乙酯洗涤滤饼,将滤饼干燥至恒重,即可得到目标产物1,3-双(2,6-二异丙基苯基)氯化咪唑。产品为灰白色固体,97.4g,产率85%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ10.04(s,2H),8.14(s,2H),7.58(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.36(d,J=7.5Hz,4H),2.43-2.49(m,4H),1.30(d,J=6.5Hz,12H),1.25(d,J=7.0Hz,12H)。重复上述过程,制备出足够量的1,3-双(2,6-二异丙基苯基)氯化咪唑可作为催化剂的NHC配体。
实施例2
将实施例1中所加入的88.5g2,6-二异丙基苯胺(0.5mol)改为加入67.5g2,4,6-三甲基苯胺(0.5mol),其它条件也不变,经反应后可得到N,N′-双(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)乙烷二亚胺64.3g,产率为88%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ7.92(s,2H),7.00(s,4H),2.45(s,12H),2.37(s,6H)。
利用得到的N,N′-双(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)乙烷二亚胺与多聚甲醛在四氯硅烷作用下反应可以得到1,3-双(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)氯化咪唑。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ6.68(s,4H),5.56(s,2H),4.02(s,1H),2.34(s,6H),2.26(s,12H)。可作为催化剂的NHC配体。
实施例3
将实施例1中所加入的88.5g2,6-二异丙基苯胺(0.5mol)改为加入164.5g2,6-二(1-苯基丙基)苯胺(0.5mol),其它条件也不变,经反应后可得到N,N′-双(2,6-二(1-苯基丙基)苯基)乙烷二亚胺147.9g,产率为87%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ8.61(s,2H),7.48(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.34-7.23(m,20H),7.22(t,J=6.9Hz,4H),4.13(t,J=7.2Hz,4H),1.96(dd,J=11.4,4.5Hz,4H),1.92(dd,J=11.3,4.5Hz,4H),1.03(t,J=6.7Hz,12H)。
利用得到的N,N′-双(2,6-二(1-苯基丙基)苯基)乙烷二亚胺与多聚甲醛在四氯硅烷作用下反应可以得到1,3-双(2,6-二(1-苯基丙基)苯基)氯化咪唑。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ7.61-7.20(m,21H),7.13(d,J=7.3Hz,4H),7.05(dd,J=8.0,6.8Hz,2H),5.78(s,2H),4.38(s,1H),4.19-4.12(m,4H),1.99-1.86(m,8H),1.02(t,J=6.7Hz,12H)。可作为催化剂的NHC配体。
实施例4
将实施例1中所加入的88.5g2,6-二异丙基苯胺(0.5mol)改为加入89.5g2,6-二氮二甲基苯胺(0.5mol),其它条件也不变,经反应后可得到N,N′-双(2,6-二氮二甲基苯基)乙烷二亚胺87.4g,产率为92%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ8.75(s,2H),6.96(t,J=7.5Hz,3H),6.16(d,J=7.5Hz,4H),3.03(s,24H)。
利用得到的N,N′-双(2,6-二氮二甲基苯基)乙烷二亚胺与多聚甲醛在四氯硅烷作用下反应可以得到1,3-双(2,6-二氮二甲基苯基)氯化咪唑。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ6.55(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),5.96(d,J=7.5Hz,4H),5.71(s,2H),4.83(s,1H),3.03(s,24H)。可作为催化剂的NHC配体。
实施例5
将实施例1中所加入的45.8g四氯硅烷(0.27mol)改为加入67.5mL4M的盐酸二氧六环溶液(0.27mol HCl),其它条件不变,反应后同样可以得到目标产物1,3-双(2,6-二异丙基苯基)氯化咪唑,产率50%。
实施例6
苯乙酮甲基肟钯环二聚体的合成:
反应瓶中加入17.7g氯化钯(0.1mol),8.5g氯化锂(0.2mol)以及500mL甲醇溶液,搅拌至完全溶解。然后加入8.2g醋酸钠(0.1mol)以及14.9g苯乙酮甲基肟(0.1mol),在环境温度下(15-20℃)搅拌反应3天。将反应液过滤,同时用100mL的甲醇洗涤滤饼,然后将滤饼干燥至恒重,即可得到苯乙酮甲基肟钯环二聚体。产品为黄绿色粉末,23.9g,产率为83%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ7.82-7.80(m,2H),7.57-7.46(m,4H),7.18-7.05(m,2H),3.98(s,3H),3.94(s,3H),2.34(s,6H)。
实施例7
将实施例6中所加入的14.9g苯乙酮甲基肟(0.1mol)改为加入13.5g苯乙酮肟(0.1mol),其它条件不变,经反应后可得到苯乙酮甲基肟钯环二聚体22.4g,产率为80%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ7.82(s,1H),7.68-7.55(m,2H),7.55-6.72(m,2H),3.37(s,3H)。
实施例8
将实施例6中所加入的14.9g苯乙酮甲基肟(0.1mol)改为加入18.1g苯甲醛苯亚胺(0.1mol),其它条件不变,经反应后可得到苯甲醛苯亚胺钯环二聚体27.3g,产率为84%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ8.90(s,1H),7.59(dd,J=17.1,9.6Hz,5H),7.49-7.43(m,2H),7.41(s,1H),7.36(s,1H),7.13(s,1H)。
实施例9
将实施例6中所加入的14.9g苯乙酮甲基肟(0.1mol)改为加入19.5g苄甲醛苯亚胺(0.1mol),其它条件不变,经反应后可得到苄甲醛苯亚胺钯环二聚体24.8g,产率为74%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ7.90(s,1H),7.50-7.38(m,2H),7.38-7.17(m,5H),7.16-7.07(m,3H),3.83(s,1H)。
实施例10
NHC(IPr)-苯乙酮甲基肟钯催化剂的合成:
在惰性氛围下,向反应器中加入29.0g苯乙酮甲基肟钯环二聚体(0.05mol),5.6g叔丁醇钾(0.05mol),无水四氢呋喃溶液230mL。再加入42.5g的1,3-双(2,6-二异丙基苯基)氯化咪唑(0.1mol),反应液在环境温度下(15-20℃)搅拌反应24小时。将反应液过滤,用100mL的乙酸乙酯洗涤,合并滤液后除去溶剂并干燥即得目标产物NHC(IPr)-苯乙酮甲基肟钯催化剂。产品为亮黄色固体,30.2g,产率为44%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ7.38(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.31-7.29(m,2H),7.23(s,2H),7.17-7.16(m,2H),7.08-7.06(m,1H),6.90(dt,J=25,7.5Hz2H),6.70(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),3.84(s,3H),3.41-3.17(m,4H),2.16(s,3H),1.48(d,J=6.5Hz,6H),1.14(d,J=7.0Hz,6H),1.00(d,J=7.0Hz,6H),0.80(d,J=6.5Hz,6H)。
实施例11
NHC(IPr)-苯乙酮肟钯催化剂的合成:
将实施例10中所加入的29.0g苯乙酮甲基肟钯环二聚体(0.05mol)改为加入27.6g苯乙酮肟钯环二聚体(0.05mol),其它条件不变,经反应后可得到NHC(IPr)-苯乙酮肟钯催化剂。产品为黄色粉末,30.4g,产率为53%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ10.46(s,1H),7.42(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.32-7.31(m,2H),7.24(s,2H),7.20-7.19(m,2H),6.93-6.88(m,2H),6.80(dt,J=7.3,2.0Hz1H),6.61(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),3.24-3.09(m,4H),2.06(s,3H),1.46(d,J=6.5Hz,6H),1.18(d,J=7.0Hz,6H),1.00(d,J=7.0Hz,6H),0.81(d,J=7.0Hz,6H)。
实施例12
将实施例10中所加入的29.0g苯乙酮甲基肟钯环二聚体(0.05mol)改为加入32.2g苯甲醛苯亚胺钯环二聚体(0.05mol),其它条件不变,经反应后可得到NHC(IPr)-苯甲醛苯亚胺钯催化剂。产品为黄色粉末,34.3g,产率为48%。1HNMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ8.68(s,1H),7.44(dddd,J=15.5,9.5,8.9,4.4Hz,5H),7.77-6.61(m,16H),7.52-6.61(m,12H),7.36-5.60(m,10H),7.01(dd,J=8.0,7.0Hz,2H),7.07-5.60(m,5H),5.73(s,2H),3.23(hept,J=6.3Hz,4H),1.47(d,J=6.5Hz,6H),1.16(d,J=7.0Hz,6H),1.00(d,J=7.0Hz,6H),0.80(d,J=6.5Hz,6H)。
实施例13
NHC(IMes)-苯乙酮甲基肟钯催化剂的合成:
将实施例10中所加入的42.5g的1,3-双(2,6-二异丙基苯基)氯化咪唑(0.1mol)改为加入34.9g的1,3-双(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)氯化咪唑,其它条件不变,经反应后可得到NHC(IMes)-苯乙酮甲基肟钯催化剂。产品为亮黄色固体,29.0g,产率为44%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ8.51-6.88(m,4H),7.46(dqd,J=16.5,7.5,1.6Hz,2H),7.46(dqd,J=16.5,7.5,1.6Hz,2H),6.79(s,4H),5.72(s,2H),3.82(s,3H),3.33(s,3H),2.35(s,6H),2.27(s,12H)。
实施例14
在Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应中的应用:
在惰性氛围下,向反应器中加入12.6g邻氯甲苯(0.1mol),12.2g苯硼酸(0.1mol),8.4g氢氧化钾(0.15mol)以及500ppm式(X)或式(XI)所示的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂,以及10mL异丙醇。在80℃下搅拌反应2小时后停止反应。除去反应液的溶剂,得到粗产品,气相产率>99%。柱层析纯化可得目标产物16.1g,分离产率95%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ7.63(s,1H),7.46(t,J=8.8Hz,3H),7.39-7.30(m,5H),2.23(s,3H)。
实施例15
将实施例14中所加入的18.1g邻氯甲苯(0.1mol)改为加入22.2g对氯三氟甲苯(0.1mol),其他条件不变,柱层析纯化后可得目标产物21.5g,分离产率97%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ7.79-7.62(m,4H),7.52-7.36(m,5H)。
实施例16
将实施例14中所加入的18.1g邻氯甲苯(0.1mol)改为加入16.2g的α-氯萘(0.1mol),其他条件不变,柱层析纯化后可得目标产物17.9g,分离产率88%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ8.58(m,1H),8.24(dd,J=7.5,1.4Hz,1H),7.89(m,3H),7.76(m,3H),7.69(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.40(m,7H)。
实施例17
将实施例14中所加入的18.1g邻氯甲苯(0.1mol)改为加入11.3g的3-氯吡啶(0.1mol),其他条件不变,柱层析纯化后可得目标产物14.4g,分离产率93%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ8.94(d,J=1.3Hz,1H),8.58(dd,J=7.5,1.3Hz,1H),8.24(dt,J=7.5,1.6Hz,1H),7.46(m,6H)。
实施例18
将实施例14中所加入的12.2g苯硼酸(0.1mol)改为加入15.0g3,5-二甲基苯硼酸(0.1mol),其他条件不变,柱层析纯化后可得目标产物18.2g,分离产率93%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ7.68(d,J=1.4Hz,2H),7.54(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.40(t,J=1.4Hz,1H),7.19(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.44(s,6H),2.42(s,3H)。
实施例19
在Heck反应中的应用:
在惰性氛围下,向反应器中加入14.3g对氯苯甲醚(0.1mol),12.8g丙烯酸叔丁酯(0.1mol),再加入500ppm式(X)或式(XI)所示的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂以及10mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺。在120℃下搅拌反应10小时。除去反应液的溶剂,得到粗产品。柱层析纯化可得目标产物19.2g,分离产率82%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ7.84(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.69(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),7.22(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),6.45(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),3.87(s,3H),1.47(s,9H)。
实施例20
将实施例19中所加入12.8g丙烯酸叔丁酯(0.1mol)改为加入8.6g丙烯酸甲酯(0.1mol),其他条件不变,柱层析纯化后可得目标产物16.3g,分离产率85%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ7.84(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.69(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),7.22(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),6.45(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),3.87(s,3H),3.84(s,3H)。
实施例21
将实施例19中所加入的14.3g对氯苯甲醚(0.1mol)改为加入14.1g3,5-二甲基氯苯(0.1mol),所加入的12.8g丙烯酸叔丁酯(0.1mol)改为加入10.4g苯乙烯(0.1mol),其他条件不变,柱层析纯化后可得目标产物18.3g,分离产率88%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ7.63(dd,J=7.5,1.3Hz,2H),7.42(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.32-7.23(m,1H),7.22-7.14(m,4H),2.43(s,6H)。
实施例22
将实施例19中所加入的14.3g对氯苯甲醚(0.1mol)改为加入16.2g的α-氯萘(0.1mol),其他条件不变,柱层析纯化后可得目标产物20.1g,分离产率为79%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ7.99(m,1H),7.87(m,2H),7.73(m,3H),7.61(td,J=7.5,1.4Hz,1H),7.44(td,J=7.5,1.4Hz,1H),6.41(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),1.48(s,9H)。
实施例23
在Buchwald-Hartwig反应中的应用:
在惰性氛围下,向反应器中加入14.2g对氯苯甲醚(0.1mol),9.9g环己基胺(0.1mol),16.8g叔丁醇钾(0.15mol),再加入500ppm式(X)或式(XI)所示的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂以及15mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液。在80℃下搅拌反应5小时。除去反应液的溶剂,得到粗产品。柱层析纯化可得目标产物17.4g,分离产率85%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ6.70(m,4H),3.89(s,1H),3.87(s,3H),3.01(p,J=7.3Hz,1H),1.94(dt,J=7.3,5.7Hz,2H),1.73(m,3H),1.37(m,5H)。
实施例24
将实施例23中所加入的14.2g对氯苯甲醚(0.1mol)改为加入15.4g2,4,6-三甲基氯苯,所加入的9.9g环己基胺(0.1mol)改为加入9.3g苯胺(0.1mol),其他条件不变,柱层析纯化后可得目标产物19.2g,分离产率91%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ7.32(dd,J=16.1,8.6Hz,3H),7.14(dd,J=7.5,1.4Hz,2H),6.95(tt,J=7.6,1.4Hz,1H),6.83(s,2H),2.35(s,3H),2.20(s,6H)。
实施例25
将实施例23中所加入的9.9g环己基胺(0.1mol)改为加入8.7g吗啉(0.1mol),其他条件不变,柱层析纯化后可得目标产物17.0g,分离产率88%。1HNMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ6.87(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.70(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),3.85(dd,J=12.8,6.5Hz,4H),3.46(t,J=6.2Hz,1H),3.14(t,J=6.1Hz,1H)。
实施例26
将实施例23中所加入的14.2g对氯苯甲醚(0.1mol)改为加入16.2g的1-氯萘(0.1mol),所加入的9.9g环己基胺(0.1mol)改为加入7.3g二乙胺其他条件不变,柱层析纯化后可得目标产物16.5g,分离产率83%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ8.31(m,1H),7.64(m,4H),7.40(m,1H),7.20(m,1H),3.72(q,J=6.3Hz,2H),3.56(q,J=6.2Hz,2H),1.21(t,J=6.3Hz,6H)。
实施例27
在Sonogashira反应中的应用:
在惰性氛围下,向反应器中加入14.9g环戊烷基溴(0.1mol),10.8g环己烷基乙炔(0.1mol),29.0g碳酸铯(0.15mol),再加入500ppm式(X)或式(XI)所示的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂,2000ppm的碘化铜以及15mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液。在60℃下搅拌反应10小时。除去反应液的溶剂,得到粗产品。柱层析纯化可得目标产物8.4g,分离产率为48%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ2.55(m,1H),2.47(pd,J=7.8,2.6Hz,1H),2.01(dt,J=7.9,5.7Hz,2H),1.77(m,9H),1.53(m,4H),1.35(m,3H)。
实施例28
将实施例27中所加入的10.8g环己烷基乙炔(0.1mol)改为加入6.8g的1-戊炔,其他条件不变,柱层析纯化后可得目标产物7.8g,分离产率57%。1HNMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ2.55(m,1H),2.34(td,J=5.4,2.5Hz,2H),1.80(dddd,J=12.0,9.0,4.6,2.0Hz,4H),1.73(dtd,J=7.1,3.8,1.9Hz,2H),1.68(m,2H),1.54(tdd,J=6.9,3.1,2.0Hz,2H),1.12(t,J=6.6Hz,3H)。
实施例29
将实施例27中所加入的14.9g环戊烷基溴(0.1mol)改为加入17.1g苄溴(0.1mol),所加入的10.8g环己烷基乙炔(0.1mol)改为加入10.2g苯乙炔(0.1mol),其他条件不变,柱层析纯化后可得目标产物13.2g,分离产率69%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ7.52(m,2H),7.37(m,3H),7.21(m,5H),3.77(s,2H)。
实施例30
在Kumada-Tamao-Corriu反应中的应用:
在惰性氛围下,向反应器中加入15.5g2,4,6-三甲基氯苯(0.1mol),35.7mL萘基格式试剂(0.1mol,2.8M的乙醚溶液),再加入500ppm500ppm式(X)或式(XI)所示的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂以及10mL无水四氢呋喃。在50℃下搅拌反应24小时。除去反应液的溶剂,得到粗产品。柱层析纯化可得目标产物22.6g,分离产率为92%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ7.98(m,3H),7.69(t,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.56(m,2H),7.44(dd,J=7.4,1.5Hz,1H),7.03(s,2H),2.83(s,6H),2.52(s,3H)。
实施例31
将实施例30中所加入的15.5g2,4,6-三甲基氯苯(0.1mol)改为加入11.9g2-氯噻吩(0.1mol),所加入的35.7mL萘基格式试剂(0.1mol,2.8M的乙醚溶液)改为加入35.7mL邻甲氧基苯基格式试剂(0.1mol,2.8M的乙醚溶液),其他条件不变,柱层析纯化后可得目标产物13.1g,分离产率69%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ7.76(dd,J=7.5,1.4Hz,1H),7.45(m,3H),7.12(m,3H),3.88(s,3H)。
实施例32
将实施例30中所加入的35.7mL萘基格式试剂(0.1mol,2.8M的乙醚溶液)改为加入35.7mL呋喃格式试剂(0.1mol,2.8M的乙醚溶液),其他条件不变,柱层析纯化后可得目标产物13.4g,分离产率72%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ7.59(dd,J=7.5,1.4Hz,1H),7.04(s,2H),6.93(dd,J=7.5,1.4Hz,1H),6.49(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),2.64(s,6H),2.52(s,3H)。
实施例33
在Negishi反应中的应用:
在惰性氛围下,向反应器中加入14.0g的2,6-二甲基氯苯(0.1mol),50mL苯基氯化锌的四氢呋喃溶液(0.1mol,2.8M的四氢呋喃溶液),再加入500ppm式(X)或者式(XI)所示的钯催化剂。在25℃-50℃下搅拌反应1-3小时。除去反应液的溶剂,得到粗产品。柱层析纯化可得目标产物14.1g,分离产率为82%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ7.6l(dd,J=7.5,1.4Hz,1H),7.47(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),6.94(dd,J=7.5,1.6Hz,1H),6.50(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),2.63(s,6H)。
实施例34
将实施例33中所加入的14.0g的2,6-二甲基氯苯(0.1mol)改为加入16.2g的氯萘(0.1mol),其他条件不变,柱层析纯化后可得目标产物20.2g,分离产率为87%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ8.48(m,1H),7.96(m,3H),7.70(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.41(m,3H),7.21(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.56(s,6H)。
实施例35
将实施例33中所加入的14.0g的2,6-二甲基氯苯(0.1mol)改为加入11.2g的氯苯(0.1mol),所加入的50mL苯基氯化锌的四氢呋喃溶液(0.1mol,2.8M的四氢呋喃溶液)改为加入50mL苄基氯化锌的四氢呋喃溶液(0.1mol,2.8M的四氢呋喃溶液),其他条件不变,柱层析纯化后可得目标产物14.9g,分离产率79%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ7.25(m,10H),3.86(s,2H)。
实施例36
将实施例33中所加入的14.0g的2,6-二甲基氯苯(0.1mol)改为加入11.2g的氯苯(0.1mol),所加入的50mL苯基氯化锌的四氢呋喃溶液(0.1mol,2.8M的四氢呋喃溶液)改为加入50mL高烯丙基氯化锌的四氢呋喃溶液(0.1mol,2.8M的四氢呋喃溶液),其他条件不变,柱层析纯化后可得目标产物9.9g,分离产率75%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ7.21(m,5H),5.76(ddt,J=16.4,10.1,6.2Hz,1H),4.99(m,2H),2.59(t,J=7.9Hz,2H),2.33(dd,J=14.3,7.7Hz,2H)。
实施例37
在α-酮芳基化反应中的应用:
在惰性氛围下,向反应器中加入16.2g1-氯萘(0.1mol),13.4g苯基乙基酮(0.1mol),14.4g叔丁醇钠,再加入500ppm NHC(IPr)-苯乙酮甲基肟钯催化剂以及10mL甲苯,在60℃下搅拌反应10小时。除去反应液的溶剂,得到粗产品。柱层析纯化可得目标产物21.8g,分离产率为84%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ7.84(m,5H),7.62(t,J=1.4Hz,1H),7.51(m,6H),4.63(q,J=6.4Hz,1H),1.70(d,J=6.6Hz,3H)。
实施例38
将实施例24中所加入的16.2g1-氯萘(0.1mol)改为加入14.1g2,6-二甲基氯苯(0.1mol),所加入的13.4g苯基乙基酮(0.1mol)改为加入14.6g1-四氢萘酮(0.1mol),其他条件不变,柱层析纯化后可得目标产物19.5g,分离产率为78%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform)δ7.57(dd,J=7.4,1.5Hz,1H),7.39(td,J=7.6,1.8Hz,2H),7.26(m,4H),4.28(t,J=8.8Hz,1H),2.81(m,2H),2.40(s,J=8.0Hz,6H),2.36(m,1H),2.11(ddd,J=12.5,7.7,5.3Hz,1H)。

Claims (17)

1.氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂,其特征在于,该催化剂的分子结构如下所示:
Figure FDA0000370430530000011
上述分子结构中R1、R2、R3、R4和R5分别独立地代表H、烷基、杂烷基或芳基,R6、R7和R8分别独立地代表H、烷基、杂烷基或芳基,R9代表烷基或芳基烯基,R10和R11分别独立地代表H、烷基、杂烷基或芳基,Y代表Cl或OAc。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂,其特征在于,所述的R1、R3和R5分别独立地代表H、C1-C15直链或支链烷基,C1-C15含氮、氧杂的直链或支链烷基,芳烃,优选H、C1-C10的直链或支链烷基以及C1-C10含氮、氧杂的直链或支链烷基;
所述的C1-C10的直链或支链烷基以及C1-C10含氮、氧杂的直链或支链烷基包含H、甲基、乙基、异丙基、异丁基、1-乙基丙基、1-苯基丙基、环己基、氮二甲基、氮二乙基、甲氧基、乙氧基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂,其特征在于,所述的R6代表苯环上不同位置的取代基包含H、F、2-甲基、4-甲基、3,5-二甲基、2-甲氧基、4-甲氧基、3,5二甲氧基、4-叔丁基、3,5-二叔丁基、2-硝基、4-硝基、4-腈基、3,4-(亚甲二氧基)、4-苯甲酰基、4-乙氧羰基、4-三氟甲基、苯基(可连成稠环化合物);R7和R8分别独立地代表H、羟基、烷氧基、C1-C10直链或支链烷基、取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基,该C6-C18芳基包括苯基、1-萘基、4-叔丁基苯基、3,5-二叔丁基苯基、4-甲基苯基、3,5-二甲基苯基、4,4’-联苯基或3,5-二苯基苯基。
4.根据权利要求1所述的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂,其特征在于,所述的R9代表H、C1-C10直链或支链烷基或者烯基、烯丙基,优选H、甲基、甲烯基;R10和R11分别独立地代表H、羟基、烷氧基、C1-C10直链或支链烷基、取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基,该C6-C18芳基包括苯基、1-萘基、4-叔丁基苯基、3,5-二叔丁基苯基、4-甲基苯基、3,5-二甲基苯基、4,4’-联苯基或3,5-二苯基苯基。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
A、以乙二醛为原料,与式(I)所示的伯胺化合物在路易斯酸或者布朗斯特酸参与的条件下反应得到式(II)所示的乙二醛二亚胺中间体化合物;
B、式(II)所示的乙二醛二亚胺中间体化合物与多聚甲醛在添加剂(III)作用下环合成式(IV)所示的氮杂卡宾类化合物:
Figure FDA0000370430530000022
C、钯(II)与式(VI)或(VII)所示含碳氮双键的化合物在无机盐(V)的作用下分别得到式(VIII)或者式(IX)所示的钯(II)环二聚体;
Figure FDA0000370430530000023
D、式(VIII)或者式(IX)所示的钯(II)环二聚体与式(IV)所示的氮杂卡宾类化合物在碱性条件下配位得到式(X)或者式(XI)所示的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂;
Figure FDA0000370430530000031
6.根据权利要求5所述的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤A中所述的路易斯酸或者布朗斯特酸选自三氯化铝、四氯化锡、硫酸氢钾、甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸和四乙氧基钛中的一种。
7.根据权利要求5所述的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤B中的环合反应由式(II)所示的乙二醛二亚胺中间体化合物与多聚甲醛在添加剂(III)的作用下反应;所述的添加剂(III)为盐酸二氧六环溶液或者三甲基氯硅烷,优选三甲基氯硅烷。
8.根据权利要求5所述的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤C中的钯(II)选自氯化钯、醋酸钯、硝酸钯和乙酰丙酮钯中的一种或者任意两种的混合物,所述的无机盐(V)为氯化锂、溴化钠、碘化钠或醋酸钠,优选氯化锂或醋酸钠。
9.根据权利要求5所述的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤D中的配位反应在隔绝空气的条件下进行,碱性条件需要的碱选自叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇钠、氢氧化钾、乙醇钠、碳酸钾或醋酸钠中的一种。
10.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂的应用,其特征在于,制备得到的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂应用在Suzuki-Miyaura、Heck、Buchwald-Hartwig、Kumada-Tamao-Corriu、Sonogashira、Negishi以及α-酮芳基化的偶联反应中。
11.根据权利要求10所述的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂的应用,其特征在于,氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂应用于Suzuki-Miyaura反应中,在碱的作用下催化不同卤代芳烃与芳基硼酸的交叉偶联反应,如式E所示:
Figure FDA0000370430530000041
式E中Ar、Ar’分别独立地代表取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基,C4-C10的氮杂环芳烃、氧杂环芳烃或者硫杂环芳烃,X1优选Cl或Br,使用的碱包括叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、磷酸钾、碳酸钾、碳酸钠或甲醇钠。
12.根据权利要求10所述的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂的应用,其特征在于,氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂应用于Heck反应中,催化不同卤代芳烃与烯烃的偶联反应,如式F所示:
式F中Ar代表取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基,R12代表取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基,包含甲酯、乙酯、异丙酯、叔丁酯在内的酯基或苄基等,X2优选Cl或Br。
13.根据权利要求10所述的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂的应用,其特征在于,氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂应用于Buchwald-Hartwig反应中,在碱的作用下催化不同卤代芳烃与一级或二级胺反应,如式G所示:
式G中Ar代表取代或未被取代的C6-Cl8芳基,R13、R14分别独立地代表H,C1-C6的烷基或环烷基,取代或未被取代的C6-Cl8芳基,或是连成六元碳环、六元氧杂碳环、六元氮杂碳环,X3优选Cl或Br,使用的碱包括叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、磷酸钾、碳酸钾、碳酸钠或甲醇钠。
14.根据权利要求10所述的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂的应用,其特征在于,氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂应用于Sonogashira反应中,在碱的作用下催化不同卤代芳烃与末端炔烃的偶联反应,如式H所示:
式G中R15代表C1-C10的烷基、环烷基,R16代表取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基,C1-C10的直链烷基、支链烷基或环烷基或烷氧基,X4优选Br,使用的碱包括叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、磷酸钾、碳酸钾、碳酸钠或甲醇钠。
15.根据权利要求10所述的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂的应用,其特征在于,氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂应用于Kumada-Tamao-Corriu反应中,催化不同卤代芳烃与芳基格式试剂的偶联反应,如式I所示:
Figure FDA0000370430530000053
式I中Ar代表取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基,R17代表取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基、五元或六元氮杂环芳基,五元或六元氧杂环芳基或五元硫杂环芳基,X5优选Cl或Br。
16.根据权利要求10所述的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂的应用,其特征在于,氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂应用于Negishi反应中,催化不同卤代芳烃与有机锌试剂的偶联反应,如式J所示:
Figure FDA0000370430530000054
式J中Ar代表取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基,R18代表取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基、苄基或高烯丙基,X6优选Cl或Br。
17.根据权利要求10所述的氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂的应用,其特征在于,氮杂卡宾类钯催化剂应用于α-酮芳基化反应中,催化不同卤代芳烃与α-酮反应,如式K所示:
Figure FDA0000370430530000061
式K中Ar代表取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基,R19代表取代或未被取代的C6-C18芳基、五元或六元氮杂环芳基、五元或六元氧杂环芳基或五元硫杂环芳基,R20代表C1-C6的直链烷基、支链烷基或环烷基,其中R19与R20可以连成环,X7优选Cl或Br,使用的碱包括叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、磷酸钾、碳酸钾、碳酸钠或甲醇钠。
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