The method of rejuvenation of ancient tree
Technical field
The present invention relates to protection and the rejuvenation of ancient tree, a kind of method of rejuvenation of ancient tree especially is provided.
Background technology
Ancient tree is that a century even more than one thousand years tree growing are gone up in growth, in case death can't be reproduced.Ancient tree is the treasure that history is left us for; it is historical relic non-renewable, irreplaceable work; protect an ancient tree to protect a nature and social development history exactly; preserve a precious old historical historical relic exactly; protect an elite germplasm gene pool exactly; also be a kind of humanity of protection and natural landscape, the protection ancient tree is exactly the human environment of depending on for existence of protection, and the protection ancestors leave descendants's treasure for.
Influence the reason of the weak death of ancient tree:
1, natural aging is the weak main causes of death of ancient tree.Along with Shu Age increases, many ancient tree naturally-ageds, vitality constantly weakens, the ancient tree physiological function descends gradually, and a little less than the photosynthesis, the ability of root absorption moisture and mineral nutrition worse and worse, can not satisfy the needs of trees its own existence, make slowly disequilibrium of its physiological metabolism, thereby cause the part branches and leaves withered gradually, the weak death of tree vigo(u)r.
2, ancient tree severe water and soil erosion vegetatively, soil become barren, and standing area diminishes, and nutrient is not enough and weak gradually.The ancient tree long term growth is in same place, and soil fertility can descend, and adds that the ancient tree root system is aging, the absorption function decline, and the endotrophic famine influences plant normal growth and grows.
3, soil and environmental pollution have destroyed soil physico-chemical property.
4, natural hazard is beaten as the thunderbolt hail, and the windbreak that drenches with rain causes ancient tree death.
5, human damage, artificially in ancient tree delineation, twine rope, the folding branch of climbing the tree, stripping decrease bark, utilize trunk to do supporter, dig pit in tree crown and fetch earth, topple over sewage dirt, stack the material of harm arboreal growth, transplant without authorization etc. and all can cause the damage of ancient tree tree body, growth weak even dead.
6, sick worm is caused harm, and then accelerates ancient tree undergrowth, weak death.
Ancient tree is biological, is difficult for moving and moves, and more can not look like the reproducible imitation of other historical relics, thereby is worth more that Gao Gengying treasures.Protect ancient and well-known trees, it is promoted longevity to cause the attention of various circles of society.Rejuvenation of ancient tree is to use scientific and reasonable maintenance management technology, the measure that makes the weak ancient tree of script restore normal growth, continue its life again.
Summary of the invention
For making the old and feeble even dead of ancient and well-known trees postpone to arrive, the invention provides a kind of method of rejuvenation of ancient tree.For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of method of rejuvenation of ancient tree is characterized in that comprising following content: improve soil fertility, improve soil permeability, recover the original ecotope of ancient tree, repair scar or treehole, replenish ancient tree nutrition.
Further, the described soil fertility of improving comprises following content: ancient tree is loosened the soil, earths up, and in conjunction with applying the organic manure that is rich in humus or the leaf mould that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
Further, the described soil permeability that provides comprises following content: drainage trenching, and lay breather pipe and build by laying filter well.
Further, the original ecotope of described recovery ancient tree comprises following content: remove other magaphanerophytes that competes with ancient tree, plant ground cover plant or the stunted brushwood useful to ancient tree.
Further, described repairing scar or treehole comprise following content: wipe the rotten part of ancient tree scar off, smear the plant Wound-healing agent; Remove the dirt that rots in the ancient tree hole, after being sterilized with bactericide in the ancient tree hole, mix the back with the cement river sand treehole is filled up.
Further, described additional ancient tree nutrition comprises following content: by at least a mode of irritating in root, trunk injection and the sprinkling of tree body ancient tree is absorbed plant nutrition liquid.
Further, described plant nutrition liquid is plant macroelement, minimum plant element, physiological activator, exogenous hormone and water in (0.8 ~ 1.2): (0.9 ~ 1.3): (0.9 ~ 1.2): (0.7 ~ 1): 1000 weight portion ratio mixes.
Further, described filling root comprises following content: doubly locate to dig the annular ditch of wide 20-30 ㎝, dark 15-20 ㎝ by the 6-8 of trunk leading thread, plant nutrition liquid is applied along ditch, cover table soil, irritated root once every 15-20 days, irritate root 2-3 time altogether; Described trunk injection comprises following content: drill bit and trunk with 6-8 ㎜ are 45 ° of angles,, apart from the punching of 10 ㎝ places, ground plant nutrition liquid are imported in the trunk body at butt; Described tree body sprays and comprises following content: spray plant nutrition liquid with high-pressure sprayer to trunk, branches and leaves, be as the criterion up to squirting, sprayed once every 5-7 days, spray 4-8 time altogether.
Further, described exogenous hormone comprises at least a in these four kinds of materials of compound sodium nitrophenolate, fulvic acid, indolebutyric acid and gibberellin.
Further, described rejuvenation of ancient tree also comprises the fence protection: around the bigger ancient tree of people's current density fence protection is set, the ancient tree of tree body shakiness carries out bracing reinforcement; Described rejuvenation of ancient tree also comprises prunes the contracting hat: cut off withered rotten branch, serious weak ancient tree is carried out lopping contracting hat handle, keep lopping face level and smooth, be coated with preservative in lopping place; Described rejuvenation of ancient tree also comprises the extermination of disease and insect pest: insecticide is sprayed, watered to the ancient tree that damage by disease and insect is arranged.
Beneficial effect of the present invention have following some:
1, the tree vigo(u)r of ancient tree is weak mainly is bad by soil nutrient, and the saturating property of soil compaction difference causes.Be provided among the present invention in the ancient tree root system scope, loosen the soil, earth up, can solve soil compaction, the next weak problem of ancient tree tree vigo(u)r of saturating property difference band; Propose among the present invention to loosen the soil and earth up in conjunction with applying the organic manure that is rich in humus or the leaf mould that becomes thoroughly decomposed, can solve the weak problem of ancient tree tree vigo(u)r that soil nutrient is bad, the permeability difference band comes.
2, be grown in hypsography low-lying, the ancient tree that underground ponding is many, it is weak that the ventilative situation deterioration of soil is directed at growth.Adopt drainage trenching, laying breather pipe and the method for building filter well make ponding pass through pipeline, filter well discharge, and to increase soil permeability, solution worsens the weak problem of growing that is directed at because of the ventilative situation of soil.
3, ancient tree lived in a certain place hundreds and thousands of years, had adapted to ecotopes such as local weather, soil already.Among the present invention, other magaphanerophytes that removes with the ancient tree competition is provided in the rejuvenation of ancient tree method, ground cover plant and stunted brushwood that plantation is useful to ancient tree, this is conducive to recover weathers such as the original temperature of ancient tree, humidity, illumination, soil, recover the original ecotope of ancient tree, impel the ancient tree healthy growth.
4, since artificially in ancient tree delineation, twine rope, the folding branch of climbing the tree, stripping decrease bark, utilize trunk to do supporter etc. all can cause the damage of ancient tree tree body, growth weak even dead, the invention provides the rotten part of wiping the ancient tree scar off, smear the method for plant Wound-healing agent, the wound that prevents ancient tree rots, the healing of accelerated in wounds is got well ancient tree; The cavity of the normal rotten formation with age of the trunk of ancient tree, the bricks that adopt blocked up holes more in the past, the outside adds steel gray envelope smears, and because these materials can not make the treehole sealing, rainwater infiltrates instead can aggravate the rotten of trunk, in recent years adopt polyurethane to make filler abroad, though plugging effect is better, expensive, the invention provides with cement river sand mixing back treehole is filled up, this method not only can make the treehole sealing, and low price.And before treehole is filled up, remove in the ancient tree hole dirt that rots, to the operation of ancient tree hole bactericide sterilization, the effect that the rotten work of ancient tree is further prevented.
5, ancient tree can lack some nutritive element, moisture etc. through perennation in the body, influences trees and grows normally.Propose among the present invention, by the mode of irritating root, trunk injection, the sprinkling of tree body ancient tree is absorbed plant nutrition liquid.Traditional filling method for root, people directly are filled in butt usually, easily like this cause rainwash and cause nutrient solution waste, and filling method for root provided by the invention is first to dig annular ditch, fill with again nutrient solution, after filling, with soil, cover again, so neither can cause nutrient solution to run off and waste, again favourable Root Absorption; Traditional infusion bag mode, infusion bag price comparison costliness, syringe needle is easily affected the absorption of trees to nutrient solution by tree body block of secretion, infusion bag easily causes environmental pollution with rear, and trunk injection method provided by the invention is directly injected liquid in the trees body, make trees to nutrient solution absorb fast, the time is short, than the infusion bag mode, trunk injection method provided by the invention has low, the easy to operate and safe, advantages such as free of polluting environment; In conventional method, for the pore that plant nutrition liquid is passed through on hole skin, cuticula, blade absorbs, the mode that usually adopts plant nutrition liquid to smear, but the method is difficult to realize up to the trees more than ten meters for trunk, and save time and effort, and tree body spray pattern provided by the invention, can up to the trees more than ten meters, with sprayer, set body to trunk sprays, time saving and energy saving, be beneficial to the absorption of ancient tree to plant nutrition liquid.
6, the plant nutrition liquid that provides among the present invention comprises plant indispensable element, physiological activator and exogenous hormone, and it is weak to improve ancient tree targetedly, promotes rejuvenation of ancient tree.
7, in the rejuvenation of ancient tree method provided by the invention, contain compound sodium nitrophenolate in the plant nutrition liquid, this can promote plant rooting and grow, early flowering, breaking dormancy, promotion sprout, prevent fruit drop, prevent early ageing, strengthen disease-resistant resistance; Contain fulvic acid in the plant nutrition liquid, after root, cauline leaf absorb, can promote cell division, improve cytoactive power, accelerate metabolism, improve chlorophyll content, have prophylaxis effect, existing functions of hormones has the effect of extra-nutrition again; Contain indolebutyric acid in the plant nutrition liquid, can promote adventive root to produce, compare with methyl, indolebutyric acid is safer, is difficult for the injury branch, is difficult for by light decomposition, more stable; Contain gibberellin in the plant nutrition liquid, can promote cell division, elongation, blade expansion, stem prolongation, collateral generation, breaking dormancy, promotion to sprout, delay senility.
8, the rejuvenation of ancient tree method that provides among the present invention is optimized processing to each link of rejuvenation of ancient tree, makes rejuvenation of ancient tree have corresponding method and measure ensures.Utilize said method that ancient tree is carried out rejuvenation, effect is obvious, facility is simple, rejuvenation success rate height, particularly to weak situation seriously, the rejuvenation of the ancient and well-known trees that lose vigor substantially is very effective.
Embodiment
Embodiment provided by the present invention is for the present invention is described, but is not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
The ancient tree title: longan, tree Age more than 130 year, the ancient tree Proterozoic is on the old house Yuan Ba limit.The weak symptom of ancient tree, the most branches in top are withered, and leaf abscission has only a small amount of Lao Ye to exist, and the bottom root system has 1/3rd unsettledly not have earth to cover, the old root of the part rotten Masonry that also dries up.Do not germinate new leaves in existing 2 years before the treatment, have more than 6 years and do not yield positive results.
Protection and rejuvenation embodiment:
1, fence protection is beaten timber for 1.5 meters at the distance trunk, weaves into fence with bamboo chip, prevents that people and animals from entering residual stepping on;
2, remove withered rotten old root, with 500 times of liquid carbendazim sterilizations, insert vegetable garden soil and cover unsettled exposed part root system, the plantation bermudagrass herb keeps ground moistening in the fence;
3, increase fertility, improve soil permeability, ridging applies well-rotted farmyard manure in conjunction with loosening the soil;
4, prune the contracting hat, cut off withered rotten branch, amputating with handsaw influence the part of tree vigo(u)r sprig and indivedual serious sagging thick branch boughs, and saw kerf keeps smoothly, broken not to be split, do not tear skin, and the place is coated with preservative in saw kerf, and protect from infection germ and insect attack;
5, diseases and pests controlling is with safety, high-efficiency low-toxicity sterilization, pesticide pouring tree root and spraying tree surface;
6, replenish the essential nutrition of plant, with plant macroelement, trace element, physiology active material and exogenous hormone, be mixed with plant nutrition liquid in proportion, by filling root, transfusion, spray pattern ancient tree is absorbed, strengthen the ancient tree metabolism, recover tree vigo(u)r;
Irritate root: doubly locate to dig the annular ditch of wide 20-30 ㎝, dark 15-20 ㎝ by the 6-8 of trunk leading thread, plant nutrition liquid is poured into along ditch, consumption 150 ㎏ cover table soil, and 20 days once, 2-3 time continuously;
Transfusion: drill bit and trunk with 6-8 ㎜ are 45 ° of angles,, apart from the 10 centimeters punchings in ground plant nutrition liquid are imported in the trunk body at butt;
Spray the tree body: spray plant nutrition liquid with high-pressure sprayer to trunk, branches and leaves, be as the criterion up to squirting, carried out once every 5-7 days, carry out January continuously.
Implement the effect that the back produces: take above measure then the first tenday period of a month in May, just grown many new branches and leaves from the surface sprouting of whole tree body limb mid-June, and this Gui Yuanshu was bloomed in 1 year.
Embodiment 2
Protection and rejuvenation ancient tree are ginkgoes; tree Age more than 180 year, and the ancient tree growth is located in the visit scenic spot ancient temple institute dam, and pilgrim visitor is more; people like taking pictures under tree and embracing big tree; tree is soil compaction down, and the bark below 1.5 meters often has artificial damage, and the shoot young leaves is sprouted year by year and reduced; tree vigo(u)r is weak year by year; May, trunk was struck by lightning then for protection and rejuvenation, vertically warded off to hinder trunk and reach 5-6 rice from top to bottom, and a branch has simultaneously fractureed.
Protection and rejuvenation embodiment:
1, fence protection is made fence with timber for 2.5 meters at distance ginkgo trunk, and is not only attractive in appearance but also can prevent that the visitor from entering residual stepping on;
2, improve soil permeability, apply the organic manure that is rich in humus that becomes thoroughly decomposed in conjunction with the ridging of loosening the soil, to increase soil fertility, improve soil tangerine structure and transparent performance;
3, recover the original ecotope of ginkgo, turf plant and ornamental stunted brushwood camellia in fence keep ground moistening, ventilative, increase ginkgo ecosystem diversity on every side;
4, repair injured trunk, amputate the branch that is fractureed by thunderbolt with handsaw, the place is coated with preservative in saw kerf, prevents water evaporates, germ and the insect invasion and attack of protecting from infection.Warded off the trunk of wound by thunder, use yellow soil: carbendazim: the basic element of cell division: gibberellin adds water by weight 100:2:0.5:0.2 and is mixed into walk, fill up the wound that all are warded off brokenly, with film trunk is wrapped up consolidation, anti glare anti static coatings and high temperature are burnt outside wrapping in the sunshade net again, and support trunk with wooden stick;
5, diseases and pests controlling: with safety, high-efficiency low-toxicity sterilization, pesticide pouring tree root;
6, replenish the essential nutrition of plant: with plant macroelement, trace element, physiology active material and exogenous hormone, be mixed with plant nutrition liquid in proportion, by irritating root, transfusion, spray pattern ancient tree absorbed, strengthen the ancient tree metabolism, the recovery tree vigo(u)r;
Irritate root: doubly locate to dig the annular ditch of wide 20-30 ㎝, dark 15-20 ㎝ by the 6-8 of trunk leading thread, plant nutrition liquid is applied along ditch, consumption 200 ㎏ cover table soil, January once, 2-3 time continuously;
Transfusion: drill bit and trunk with 6-8 ㎜ are 45 ° of angles,, apart from the 10 centimeters punchings in ground plant nutrition liquid are imported in the trunk body at butt;
Spray the tree body: with high-pressure sprayer to trunk top, branches and leaves spray plant nutrition liquid, are as the criterion up to squirting, carried out once every 5-7 days, continuously the 1-2 month.
Implement the effect that the back produces: May, this tree was taked above measure to rescue maintenance by the thunderbolt back then, and by the broken wound healing of thunderbolt, tree vigo(u)r does not only continue decline after 1 year, and growing way is than original also luxuriant at once.
Embodiment 3
The yellow Ge Shu of ancient tree title, tree Age more than 160 year, the ancient tree Proterozoic is to reserve rand for one's own use before the room, is in low-lying place.The weak symptom of ancient tree: the most branches in top are withered, and leaf abscission has only a small amount of Lao Ye to exist, and usage tree root has the oval treehole that is about 50 ㎝, wide about 30 ㎝.Treatment except the Lao Ye that has not fallen, does not have sprouting and young leaves to sprout then.
Protection and rejuvenation technique scheme:
1, fence protection: beat timber for 1.5 meters at the distance trunk, weave into fence with bamboo chip, vegetable garden soil and fertilizer mix by 5:1, insert fence, and plantation ground cover plant in the fence keeps ground moistening, ventilative;
2, recover original ecotope: recovering the natural vegetation of ancient tree periphery, mainly is stunted brushwood and ground cover plant, increases ancient tree ecosystem diversity, removes other magaphanerophytes with the ancient tree competition;
3, keep soil permeability: dig the rejuvenation ditch, lay breather pipe or build by laying filter well, improve soil tangerine structure and transparent performance, carry out draining and pour water;
4, provide soil fertility: apply the organic manure that is rich in humus that becomes thoroughly decomposed in conjunction with the ridging of loosening the soil, to increase soil fertility;
5, repair treehole: remove the dirt that rots in the ancient tree hole, after being sterilized with bactericide in the ancient tree hole, mix the back with the cement river sand treehole is filled up;
6, replenish ancient tree nutrition: necessary for plant growth macroelement, trace element, adjusting are influenced growth and development of plants vitamin, organic matter, growth regulator, be mixed with plant nutrition liquid in proportion, by filling root, trunk injection, the sprinkling of tree body ancient tree is absorbed, strengthen the ancient tree metabolism, recover tree vigo(u)r.
Implement the effect that the back produces: take above measure then the first tenday period of a month in May, just grown many new branches and leaves from the surface sprouting of whole tree body limb mid-June.