CN110495319B - Ancient tree curing method - Google Patents
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- CN110495319B CN110495319B CN201910787520.4A CN201910787520A CN110495319B CN 110495319 B CN110495319 B CN 110495319B CN 201910787520 A CN201910787520 A CN 201910787520A CN 110495319 B CN110495319 B CN 110495319B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ancient tree curing method, which comprises the following steps: improving oxygen content and water and air permeability of ancient tree root system soil, building a shading shed, moisturizing a trunk, spraying water and moisturizing, pruning and cutting treatment, cleaning rot and corrosion prevention treatment of a tree body, filling bionic treatment of the trunk, building a drainage and air-permeable blind ditch, excavating the root system of the soil, improving the soil, arranging air holes and density rods, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, paving an overhead wood platform, planting a ground cover and rejuvenating nutrition. The ancient tree curing method provided by the invention can be used for pertinently protecting the ancient and famous trees against possible problems, effectively improving the growth environment of the ancient and famous trees, protecting the ancient and famous trees from the ground and underground in different aspects, treating the ancient and famous trees with damages, preventing and treating the possible damages and effectively protecting the ancient and famous trees.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ancient tree protection, in particular to an ancient tree curing method.
Background
The famous ancient trees are the witnesses of a long history and the marks of social civilization. The precious special genes in the ancient and famous trees play an important role in the whole biosphere and are closely related to the sustainable development of the human society. Ancient and famous trees are valuable wealth left for us historically. The cultural relics can be nonrenewable and irreplaceable living cultural relics, and bear historical, humanistic and environmental information.
Any tree needs to go through the process of growth, development, aging and death, which is an objective rule in the nature and is irresistible, but the arrival of the aging stage can be delayed, the life of the tree can be prolonged, even the tree is promoted to be renewed and rejuvenated to recover the vitality by adopting a proper technology through discussing the aging reasons of the ancient trees, but the process can also be completely realized. Therefore, the ancient tree aging described herein should be understood primarily from a biological perspective. The tree from aging to death is not a simple time lapse process, but a complex dynamic change process of mutual influence of physiology, life, ecology and environment, and is a comprehensive result of the genetic factors, the environmental factors and the human factors of the tree species.
Scientific evaluation is carried out, and the technical measures of protecting and rejuvenating the famous ancient trees are researched and formulated according to local conditions and according to local conditions and suitable to the trees properly by using the related principles in the disciplines of botany, plant physiology, forest cultivation science, forest ecology, conservation biology and the like as guidance.
At present, the reasons for the growth weakness of ancient trees are very complicated. If the soil lacks certain nutrient elements, the compactness in the soil is too high, the water content in the soil is too much or too little, and the total salt content in the soil is too high; the tree body is harmful to diseases and pests, and the trunk is seriously damaged mechanically; the ancient trees can be weakened in growth and even die due to discomfort caused by one or more reasons. The rescue methods for the ancient trees are different according to different situations.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ancient tree curing method, which can timely cure and protect the old tree from being weakened and dead.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention aims to realize that:
the invention relates to an ancient tree curing method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) improve ancient tree root system soil oxygen content and permeate water, gas permeability: the method comprises the steps of dismantling hard pavement and reducing the thickness of a soil layer; the step of removing the hard pavement is to remove the hardened ground of the ancient tree base; the step of reducing the thickness of the soil layer is to remove redundant soil accumulated around the root system of the ancient tree;
(2) building a shading shed: keeping the distance of more than 100cm between the upper part and the periphery of the shading shed and the tree crown, and keeping the shading degree at 60-70%;
(3) moisturizing the trunk: tightly wrapping the trunk and the thicker branches with materials with heat preservation performance such as straw ropes, cattail bags, blankets and the like;
(4) water spraying and moisturizing: a plurality of fine-hole spray heads are arranged according to the size of the crown for spraying, and the phenomenon of excessive soil water or water accumulation at the base part cannot be caused;
(5) pruning and cutting treatment: pruning and pruning to remove branches, coating a wound healing coating agent or a naphthylacetic acid paste containing 0.01-0.1% on the wound caused by pruning, and directly and uniformly coating the wound healing coating agent or the naphthylacetic acid paste on the wound surface and the wound periphery at the position of 3-5 cm by using a brush;
(6) and (3) corrosion removal and preservation treatment of the tree body: the tree body is cleaned by scraping rotten matters of the tree body by using an iron brush, a scraper knife, a scraper and a chisel tool; the antiseptic treatment is to kill pests at rotten parts, and adopts a broad-spectrum systemic medicament to brush and spray after dilution; after the liquid medicine is dried, the liquid medicine is treated by using quaternary ammonium copper and emamectin benzoate special-purpose bactericide for tree bodies, and the germs in the tree holes are killed;
(7) filling the trunk and performing bionic treatment: after corrosion removal and corrosion prevention treatment, the surface is plugged by concrete, polyurethane materials are adopted to fill the plugging agent, after the plugging agent is filled, the plugging agent is removed along with the tree shape by a knife, a fire retardant is sprayed on the surface, a proper distance is reserved between the plugging agent and the tree body skin, a wire netting is covered, the outside is coated by water silt, the thickness is less than 2cm until the bark forms a layer, and then epoxy resin, purple gum resin, propolis and the like are adopted to seal seams;
the bionic treatment refers to the artistic treatment of imitating bark on the surface of a filling object and a large-area rotten or damaged part of the bark, the main material is concrete, the color of the concrete is adjusted to be close to that of the bark, and the imitation is carried out according to the appearance of the bark;
(8) building a drainage and ventilation blind ditch: the distance between the built drainage and ventilation blind ditch and the projection edge of the crown of the ancient tree is 470-800 cm, the depth is 30-100 cm, the width is 30-50 cm, and a slope is set to the low water side by 3-5%; the drainage ventilating blind ditch is sequentially backfilled with 0-50 cm of block stones, 10-20 cm of thick broken stones, 6-10 cm of melon seed pieces and 4-5 cm of coarse sand from bottom to top, and double layers of non-woven fabrics and 10-15 cm of thick planting soil are paved;
(9) soil excavation and root system treatment: after all the redundant earthwork in the projection range of the crown of the ancient tree is cleaned, continuously excavating the soil with root systems growing around the trunk by utilizing manpower, and checking the conditions of the soil and the root systems;
if the phenomena of blackening and smelling of soil and root systems, death and decay of the root systems are found, concentration excavation, soil replacement and root system treatment are carried out on the root system range around the trunk, and sandy loam with good physical and chemical properties, loose soil, strong air permeability, water retention and fertilizer retention capacity and neutral or slightly acidic pH value is selected as much as possible for replacing the soil;
if the soil and the root system are relatively normal and the root system is dead and less rotten, the excavation and the root system treatment are not needed, and only the surface and the vicinity of the ancient trees are sterilized and disinfected once;
the root system treatment refers to the treatment of promoting new roots of the root system, and the specific method is as follows: completely dissolving a rooting agent in alcohol to form a liquid medicine; then the annular smearing mode of a root injection method or a root-bark stripping method is adopted for treatment;
the rooting agent comprises: naphthylacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, cytokinin, auxin, vitamin and trace elements;
(10) soil improvement: carrying out one-time moderate excavation on soil at the base of the ancient tree, slowly excavating one layer by one layer until a root system is found, and applying a soil sterilization disinfectant, a biological organic fertilizer and a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in combination with reclamation; the dosage of the biological organic fertilizer is 1.5-2.5 kg per square meter, and the soil bactericide can be 65% of dixon wettable powder or carbendazim;
(11) setting air holes and density rods: drilling 16 holes with the diameter of 120 mm at the position of 30 cm at the periphery of the projection range of the tree crown, wherein the depth is 0.8-1 m, and 3-4 density rods are placed in each hole for 2-3 times per year;
(12) and (3) pest control: the pest control comprises the steps of controlling the existing pests on the ancient trees, pretreating the overwintering pests and controlling the pests specially by termites; the diseases and pests in the tree body and on the branches and leaves are controlled by a method of injecting the pesticide into the trunk;
(13) laying an overhead wood platform: laying an overhead wood platform into the trunk from the projection of the ancient tree crown; the overhead wood platform comprises mixed soil cast-in-place concrete, an anticorrosive wood keel fixed on the mixed soil cast-in-place concrete, and an anticorrosive wood board vertically arranged with the anticorrosive wood keel; the anti-corrosion wood keel is fixed on the ground through the anti-corrosion wood keel;
(14) planting the ground cover: planting shade-resistant breathable ground cover plants around the ancient trees;
(15) and (3) nutrition rejuvenation: carrying out nutrient rejuvenation on the ancient trees by trunk instillation and leaf surface spraying of nutrient solution; the trunk drip infusion comprises the steps of conveying a big tree nutrient solution to the ancient tree through a trunk drip infusion method and injecting tree power liquid into the ancient tree through a trunk medicine injection mode.
As a further explanation of the above embodiment, in the step (9), the root injection method is a method in which a hole is punched in the root by using a punch, and then the liquid medicine mixed with water is injected into the tree body by the punch; the root bark peeling method comprises cutting bark with a root cutter in a circle to obtain pith with a width of 3-5 cm, diluting with water, processing into medicinal paste, applying onto tree root, and directly applying onto wound after trimming root system.
As a further illustration of the scheme, in the step (11), after the density rods are arranged, one bag of rejuvenation 360 is used for each hole, 7-10 kilograms of water is added to irrigate the hole, and within hours, the density rods can be quickly disintegrated in the holes, if not completely disintegrated, the water can be repeatedly irrigated until the density rods are completely disintegrated.
As a further illustration of the above scheme, in the step (14), the ground cover plant is the ophiopogon japonicus, and the planting density of the ophiopogon japonicus is 36 plants per square meter.
As a further illustration of the scheme, in the step (15), the big tree nutrient solution comprises energy-gathering enzyme, special amino acid essence, cytokinin and anti-adversity factor.
As a further explanation of the above scheme, the operation method of the infusion method for dropping the trunk into the big tree is as follows: selecting a part without moth holes and cracks below 2 meters away from the ground of the trunk, disinfecting the bark by using carbendazim, then drilling holes by using a woodwork drill or a charging electric drill with the diameter of 0.8-1 cm, wherein the size of a drill bit is determined according to the caliber of a medicine injection bottle, the medicine injection holes are inclined downwards at an angle of 45 degrees, the periphery of the trunk is spirally lifted, the number of the drilled holes is 2-4, the horizontal distribution of the infusion holes is uniform, and the vertical distribution is staggered; after drilling, nailing a nail with a hammer 1-1.3 m above the infusion hole, hanging nutrient solution on the nail, and inserting the infusion apparatus into the wheel flow hole when the liquid flows out; after the transfusion is finished, the transfusion device is pulled down, the transfusion bag (bottle) is taken down, the nail is pulled out by a clamp, and yellow mud containing a bactericide is smeared at the nail hole to prevent bacterial infection; inserting a small wooden stick into the infusion hole, spraying a bactericide at the hole opening, and smearing yellow mud mixed with the bactericide at the hole opening.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the ancient tree curing method provided by the invention can be used for pertinently protecting the ancient and famous trees against possible problems, effectively improving the growth environment of the ancient and famous trees, protecting the ancient and famous trees from the ground and underground in different aspects, treating the ancient and famous trees with damages, preventing and treating the possible damages and effectively protecting the ancient and famous trees. The method comprises the steps of firstly improving the soil environment of the root system of the ancient tree, then performing targeted treatment on the tree hole and the large-area rotten wound, and after the tree hole and the cut are subjected to deinsectization and disinfection treatment, the wound of the ancient tree can be effectively reduced gradually, the purpose of gradual healing of the wound can be finally achieved, the ancient tree can be gradually rejuvenated, the growth vigor can be recovered, and the death rate of the ancient tree can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a drain vent blind ditch;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an overhead wood platform.
The designations in the figures illustrate the following: 1-original soil; 2-planting soil; 3-non-woven fabrics; 4-coarse sand; 5-melon seed slices; 6-crushing stones; 7-lump stone; 8-corrosion-resistant board; 9-corrosion-resistant wood keel; 10-concrete cast-in-situ concrete; 11-bolt.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
The present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiment relates to a method for curing ancient ginkgo trees. Ginkgo belongs to deciduous trees and is the oldest plant in gymnosperms which are left after the fourth glacier movement hundreds of millions of years ago. The ginkgo is a kind of camptotheca acuminata, has deep root, wide adaptability to climate and soil, can grow in high-temperature rainy areas, areas with rare rainfall and cold winter, but grows slowly or badly; can grow on acid soil, calcareous soil and neutral soil, but is not resistant to saline-alkali soil and over-wet soil.
The ginkgo tree that this embodiment rescued excavates when building the river course shore protection and has damaged some ancient trees root system, under the untreated circumstances of root system, has carried out the earthwork again and has backfilled, and the backfill height has surpassed former topography elevation. And one side of the ancient tree is a low-lying land, the original natural topography is changed in the building of the park, planting soil backfilling is carried out, and the backfilling height exceeds the original elevation of the ancient tree base. So that drainage at the base of the ancient tree is not smooth, and even the situation that peripheral rainwater is gathered towards the base of the ancient tree may exist. And a large amount of hard pavement is paved around the ancient trunk. Seriously affects the air permeability of the ancient tree root, and the root system is in an anoxic or anaerobic state for a long time, so that the root system is dead and rotten, and the absorption function is promoted.
In view of the above situation, the method for treating an ancient tree according to the embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) improve ancient tree root system soil oxygen content and permeate water, gas permeability: the method mainly comprises the steps of removing the hard pavement and reducing the thickness of the soil layer.
Dismantling hard pavement: demolish the sclerosis ground of ancient tree base, mainly be in order to improve the water permeability, the air permeability of ancient tree root, increase the oxygen content of soil, promote the respiration of ancient tree root system, provide a better aerobic soil environment for ancient tree root system growth, prevent that the root system from ageing rotting. During the dismantling construction, the tree bark cannot be damaged, and the paved concrete ground cannot be strongly vibrated, so that the shallow root system of the ancient tree is not damaged. After the hardened pavement is dismantled, all concrete needs to be removed, external action treatment is carried out, particularly, fine concrete blocks are removed as far as possible, and damage to ancient trees caused by alkaline substances is avoided when the ancient trees are left on the site.
Reducing the thickness of a soil layer: the redundant soil accumulated around the root system of the ancient tree is removed. Because the surplus soil accumulated around the ancient trees raises the topography, the ancient trees are deeply buried by absorbing roots at the periphery. Clear away unnecessary soil, reduce the soil horizon height, mainly be for improving the water permeability, the air permeability of ancient tree root, increase the oxygen content of soil, promote the respiration of root system, provide a better aerobic soil environment for ancient tree root system growth, prevent that the root system from ageing rotting. During operation, the thickness of a soil layer needs to be noticed, and when the height of the soil layer is close to the original height, manual excavation is carried out so as to avoid operating the shallow root system of the ancient tree.
If the ancient trees are close to the river channel, the soil near the ancient trees needs to have good drainage capacity towards the river channel. Namely, the river bank needs to be constructed by using the rock blocks for jointing treatment, and a plurality of drainage ventilating pipes with the diameter of 200mm are placed in the rock blocks above the arranged water level line for increasing the air permeability and the water permeability of the soil around the ancient trees.
(2) Building a shading shed: building a shading shed for shading to reduce the temperature of the tree body and reduce the evaporation of water. The distance between the upper part and the periphery of the shading shed and the crown is required to be more than 100cm, so that a certain air flowing space is ensured in the shed, and the crown is prevented from being damaged by sunburn. The shading degree is 60-70%, and the tree body can receive certain scattered light to ensure the photosynthesis of the tree body. And gradually removing the shadings according to the growth condition and seasonal change of the trees.
According to the field situation, the scaffold is required to be built by using steel pipes, and the length, the width and the height of the scaffold are 30 x 30m and 28 m. The quality of the steel pipe scaffold must meet the technical requirements of the existing steel pipe, and the steel pipe with serious corrosion (spot, peeling), bending and cracking cannot be used. The fastener can not have casting defects such as crackle, gas pocket, sand hole, inclusion ash, and the steel pipe and fastener must have outgoing qualification certificate and inspection list, and the coincide face of fastener and steel pipe is contacted well, and the bolt must not smooth the silk, and when pressing from both sides tight steel pipe, opening part maximum distance is less than 6mm, carries out the anti-skidding and turns round test when necessary. The vertical rod foundation of the scaffold is leveled, tamped and hardened, and a vertical and horizontal floor sweeping rod is arranged. When the device is erected, the inner row of upright posts is erected first, and the outer row of upright posts is erected later. For each row of upright posts, the upright posts at two ends are erected first, then one upright post in the middle is erected, and when the upright posts are mutually aligned, the upright posts in the middle are erected. The vertical pole is required to be vertical, and the allowable deviation of the vertical pole verticality is less than 1/200 of the height. In order to keep the whole stability of the frame, the extending joints of two adjacent vertical rods are staggered by more than 500mm from top to bottom, and the newly extending joints are not in the same step. Therefore, when the first section of upright stanchion is erected, steel pipes with different lengths are selected as the upright stanchions, after the upright stanchions are erected, the large and small cross bars are installed according to the step heights, and bamboo basketry scaffold pieces are paved on the construction layer and the upper and lower layers of the construction layer.
(3) Moisturizing the trunk: the trunk and the thicker branches are tightly wrapped by straw ropes, cattail bags, blankets and other materials with heat preservation performance. After the wrapping and drying treatment, direct strong light and dry wind can be avoided, and the water evaporation of the trunk and the branches can be reduced; secondly, a certain amount of water can be stored, so that the trunk is kept wet constantly; the temperature of the tree trunk can be adjusted, and the damage of high temperature to the tree trunk is reduced. In winter, the wood can be wrapped by plastic films, and the heat preservation and heat preservation effects are improved, but the wood must be removed before beginning spring or trees sprout.
(4) Water spraying and moisturizing: the overground part (especially the leaf surface) of the tree body is volatile due to transpiration, and water is sprayed in time to preserve moisture. The water spraying is required to be fine and uniform, and the water is sprayed to all parts and surrounding spaces on the ground, so that a moist microclimate environment is provided for the tree body. According to actual conditions can install the water pipe in the crown top, spray according to a plurality of pore shower nozzles of crown size installation, the effect is better. When the water spraying measure is taken, the dry and wet condition of the ancient tree base soil is concerned at any moment, and the phenomenon of excessive base soil water or water accumulation caused by water spraying of the tree crown can be avoided, so that the condition of influencing root system production is generated.
(5) Pruning and cutting treatment: when trunk filling, corrosion removal and corrosion prevention and pruning operation are carried out on the upper part of a trunk, aerial work is required, and the construction of a scaffold is a guarantee and a premise of safe construction. The scaffold is set up to be operated according to relevant standards strictly, so that safety and firmness are ensured.
The scaffold can be set up and adopt two kinds of forms of mao bamboo and steel pipe, either kind, all must strictly operate according to relevant standard during the construction, ensures safe firm.
When the moso bamboo scaffold is adopted, the moso bamboo should be selected from more than three years, and green, tender, withered yellow (black) and cracked and worm-eaten bamboo is forbidden. No. 8-12 galvanized iron wires are used for binding. The bottom ends of the vertical rod, the throwing support and the last inclined support of the scaffold are buried underground. When the rod is buried, the bottom of the pit is tamped, and bricks and stones are filled in the bottom of the pit to prevent the pit from sinking. The backfill soil around the rod must be tamped layer by layer and made into mounds to prevent water accumulation. After the materials are transported to the site, the materials should be classified, the materials should be made into upright rods with large and thick heads, cross rods with uniform diameters are made straight, and inclined rods with slight bending are made. Then erecting rod pieces as required, and trying to make the rod pieces horizontal, horizontal and vertical and staggering the joint positions.
When the steel pipe scaffold is adopted, the quality of the steel pipe must meet the technical requirements of the existing steel pipe, and the steel pipe with serious corrosion (spot, peeling), bending and cracking cannot be used. The fastener can not have casting defects such as crackle, gas pocket, sand hole, inclusion ash, and the steel pipe and fastener must have outgoing qualification certificate and inspection list, and the coincide face of fastener and steel pipe is contacted well, and the bolt must not smooth the silk, and when pressing from both sides tight steel pipe, opening part maximum distance is less than 6mm, carries out the anti-skidding and turns round test when necessary. The vertical rod foundation of the scaffold is leveled, tamped and hardened, and a vertical and horizontal floor sweeping rod is arranged. When the device is erected, the inner row of upright posts is erected first, and the outer row of upright posts is erected later. For each row of upright posts, the upright posts at two ends are erected first, then one upright post in the middle is erected, and when the upright posts are mutually aligned, the upright posts in the middle are erected. The vertical pole is required to be vertical, and the allowable deviation of the vertical pole verticality is less than 1/200 of the height. In order to keep the whole stability of the frame, the extending joints of two adjacent vertical rods are staggered by more than 500mm from top to bottom, and the newly extending joints are not in the same step. Therefore, when the first section of upright stanchion is erected, steel pipes with different lengths are selected as the upright stanchions, after the upright stanchions are erected, the large and small cross bars are installed according to the step heights, and bamboo basketry scaffold pieces are paved on the construction layer and the upper and lower layers of the construction layer.
The branch pruning comprises pruning dead branches and pruning live branches, the dead branches are not pruned along the live branches, and meanwhile, the potential safety hazard caused by the fact that large dead branches fall onto the ground at any time is eliminated; the live branch pruning is mainly used for pruning insect-pest branches, spindly branches and decayed branches and promoting the branch renewal and rejuvenation. The ancient trees are healthy through pruning, and the tree shape is beautiful.
The branch cut treatment is used for preventing the wound from being corroded and reducing the excessive evaporation of water in the tree body. The cut of the withered branch is generally moved downwards by 2-5 cm at the joint of withered branches, the branch which is broken by the outer edge is cut at the position where the surrounding bark is intact and has no fracture mark, and the cross section forms an angle of 45 degrees with the branch and is repaired to be smooth; the whole withered branches are cut off at the same level as the base, the cut should be prevented from being broken during operation, and the section needs to be repaired to be smooth. The branches with weak growth vigor are cut short, germination is promoted, small branches with diseases and insects are cut off, concentrated burning is carried out, branches with excessive growth and germination are cut off, and the consumption of tree nutrition is reduced.
The wound caused by pruning should be coated with wound healing film coating agent or naphthalene acetic acid ointment containing 0.01-0.1% to protect wound and prevent germ invasion and excessive evaporation of water. The wound healing film coating agent has the characteristics of strong film forming property, good wet deformation resistance, good adhesion between a coating film and a cut and the like, and can protect wound healing, reduce the loss of nutrients and water of a tree body, resist rain wash and prevent germs from invading. The specific application method is that the wound is directly and uniformly coated on the surface of the wound and the part 3-5 cm around the wound by a brush, and the condition that no needle hole is seen and the coating layer does not sag is preferably adopted.
(6) And (3) corrosion removal and preservation treatment of the tree body: when the cavity of the trunk part of the ancient tree is rotten, the ancient tree needs to be repaired in time after being checked. The trunk is rotten and preserved, which mainly refers to the treatment of rotten wood parts of ancient trees. The ancient trees are rotten because the wood or phloem of the ancient trees are not timely subjected to antiseptic treatment after being damaged by the outside and are corroded by rainwater to cause fungus damage, and rotting phenomena can occur, and rotten fabrics become oversized and even rotten holes can be formed over the long term. After the rotten surface is exposed to the sun and rain for a long time, the wood of the tree body can be rotten continuously, and if the wood is not treated in time, the ancient trees can be toppled and die. Therefore, antiseptic measures need to be taken in time to protect the material part from being rotten or slow down the rotting speed.
The tree body is cleaned by using tools such as an iron brush, a shovel blade, a scraper, a chisel and the like to scrape off rotten objects of the tree body, and all the rotten objects and the discolored xylem are required to be removed as far as possible until the rotten objects and the discolored xylem are all removed to the hardwood, so that the healthy xylem is not damaged. The removed rotten impurities need to be burned out in a centralized way.
The tree body preservative treatment is to kill pests at rotten parts, adopts broad-spectrum and systemic medicament, and can be brushed and sprayed by using diluted liquid medicine; air drying, and treating with special bactericide such as quaternary ammonium copper and emamectin benzoate to kill fungus and bacteria in tree hole. After one day, the healing promoting agent is coated, and the preservative is used after drying to comprehensively seal and coat the inner wall so as to prevent the invasion of rainwater, diseases, insects, bacteria and the like. The healing promoter is a mixed diluent of 0.5mL/L cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.1mL/L auxin alpha-naphthylacetic acid, and the preservative is tung oil.
(7) Filling the trunk, performing bionic processing: the ancient trees are weak, and the ancient trees are damaged by human beings and natural disasters to cause tree body operation, so that the ancient trees are easy to cause damage of diseases and insects, have xylem decay, show local necrosis and dead branches of trunks, and local xylem decay of the branches and trunks, form a cavity shape at the initial stage, and continuously develop and expand to the depth along with the time to form tree holes or decayed surfaces with different sizes and shapes, and can lead the branches to crack when the ancient trees are serious. The tightness and the anti-folding performance of the tree body are reduced, and the tree body is easy to break and die and hurt pedestrians under the action of outer edges such as strong wind, rain, snow and the like. Therefore, the method fills up deep decay of the xylem and is an indispensable measure for assisting in enhancing the supporting force of the trunk to the tree crown.
The bionic treatment of the trunk surface mainly aims to restore the original appearance of the branches and trunks of the ancient trees as much as possible and increase the landscape effect.
The rotten surface of the ancient tree is filled after being subjected to corrosion removal and corrosion prevention treatment, dense filling, air discharge and vacuum formation are achieved as far as possible during construction, and the surface is blocked by concrete. The filling material is made of polyurethane, after the filling material is filled, the polyurethane is flattened along with the tree shape by a knife, a fire retardant is sprayed on the surface of the polyurethane, a proper distance is reserved between the polyurethane and the tree surface, a wire mesh is covered, the outside of the polyurethane is coated by water sand, and the thickness of the polyurethane is less than 2cm until the bark cambium is formed. Finally, sealing the seam with epoxy resin, purple gum, propolis, etc. Therefore, the material is lighter and strong in corrosion resistance, and the risk of breakage of the corrosion branches due to too large weight of the filling material is avoided. The rotten point on the upright trunk of ancient tree is filled with concrete and reinforcing bar, can increase the support intensity of trunk, and concrete is mixed into C20 proportion with melon seed piece, cement, sand, and manual work is whitewashed layer by layer and is fired. When the mixed soil is used for construction, a polyvinyl chloride thick film is adopted to be isolated from ground soil to prevent the alkali cement slurry from polluting the soil and damaging roots.
The bionic treatment refers to the artistic treatment of imitating bark on the surface of a filling object and a large-area rotten or damaged part of the bark, the main material is concrete, the color of the concrete is adjusted to be close to that of the bark, and the imitation is carried out according to the appearance of the bark.
(8) Building a drainage and ventilation blind ditch: the method mainly prevents the damage of the accumulated water at the base of the ancient tree to the root system, assists in enhancing the ventilation condition of the root system, promotes the respiration of the root system, and is beneficial to improving the basis weight of deep soil, thereby reducing the conditions of oxygen deficiency death and decay of the deep root system of the ancient tree caused by soil hardening.
The distance between the built drainage and ventilation blind ditch and the projection edge of the crown of the ancient tree is 470-800 cm. The total length of the drainage and ventilation blind ditch is determined according to the size of the ancient tree. The excavation depth of the drainage and ventilation blind ditch is 30-100 cm, the width is 30-50 cm, and the slope is set to the low water side by 3-5%. During excavation, care is taken to protect healthy root systems of ancient trees, the root systems are not damaged as much as possible, and disinfection and corrosion prevention treatment is carried out in time if the root systems are injured. Respectively backfilling 0-50 cm of stone blocks, 10-20 cm of crushed stone, 6-10 cm of melon seed pieces and 4-5 cm of coarse sand in the trench dug in the original soil, paving a double-layer non-woven fabric, backfilling 10-15 cm of thick planting soil, and recovering the original shape. The sectional view of the drainage and ventilation blind ditch is shown in detail in figure 1. If the drainage air-permeable blind ditch relates to a river revetment, the drainage air-permeable blind ditch is not lower than a normal water level line at the revetment so as to cause river water backflow.
(9) Excavating soil, and treating root systems: after all the earthwork buried in the projection range of the ancient tree crown is cleaned, the soil with root systems growing around the trunk is excavated continuously by manpower, the conditions of the soil and the root systems are checked, if the phenomena that the soil and the root systems are blackened and smelled, the root systems die and are rotten are found, concentration excavation, soil replacement and root system treatment are carried out on the range of the root systems around the trunk, and sandy loam with good physical and chemical properties, loose soil, strong air permeability, water retention and fertilizer retention capacity and neutral or slightly acidic pH value is selected as far as possible for replacing the soil. If the soil and the root system are relatively normal and the root system is dead and less rotten, the excavation and the root system treatment are not needed, and only one-time sterilization and disinfection are needed to be carried out on the surface and the position near the ancient trees. When the root system soil concentration excavation, soil replacement and root system treatment are carried out, manual gradual excavation is required, one layer is slowly excavated, the operation on the healthy root system of the tree body is reduced as much as possible, certain supporting measures are suggested to be taken before the excavation in consideration of the stability of the tree body, or half of the root system is excavated first, and the other half of the root system is excavated after the root system treatment and backfilling. The blackened and smelly soil is sterilized and disinfected by broad-spectrum sterilization and disinfection agents as far as possible so as to avoid root system wound infection. The method proposes to carry out proper technical treatment of promoting (inducing) new roots on the root system so as to be beneficial to the recovery of the growth vigor of the ancient trees, and comprises the following specific steps: completely dissolving a rooting agent in alcohol to form a liquid medicine; then the root injection or the root bark peeling annular smearing mode is adopted for use; the root injection method is that a punch is used for punching the root, and then the liquid medicine mixed with water is injected into a tree body through the punch; the root bark peeling method comprises performing annular bark cutting around root bark with a root cutter until the concentration reaches pith and the width reaches 3-5 cm, diluting with water, processing the medicinal liquid into medicinal paste, applying the medicinal paste to the root of a tree, and directly applying the medicinal paste to the wound after the root system is trimmed; after backfilling, a mode of soil irrigation for many times is adopted, so that rooting is fast, the root quantity is large, and the tree mat is fast recovered; the rooting agent comprises: naphthylacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, cytokinin, auxin, vitamins, trace elements, acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid and the like. The backfill is recommended to use sterile sandy loam with good air permeability.
The cytokinin is one or more of 6-benzylaminopurine, Zeatin (ZT) and Kinetin (KT). In this example 6-benzylaminopurine.
The auxin is an endogenous hormone containing an unsaturated aromatic ring and an acetic acid side chain, and is specifically indoleacetic acid.
The related vitamins comprise one or more of vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C and vitamin H, wherein the vitamins are vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C and vitamin H according to the weight ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1: 1 proportion.
The microelements are one or more than two of copper sulfate, disodium copper ethylene diamine tetraacetate, zinc sulfate, disodium zinc ethylene diamine tetraacetate, manganese sulfate, disodium manganese ethylene diamine tetraacetate, ferrous sulfate, disodium ferrous ethylene diamine tetraacetate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate and sodium molybdate at any proportion.
In this example, the rooting agent contained 30 to 40 parts by mass of naphthylacetic acid, 20 to 30 parts by mass of indolebutyric acid, 10 to 15 parts by mass of cytokinin, 10 to 15 parts by mass of auxin, 10 to 15 parts by mass of vitamins, 5 to 10 parts by mass of trace elements, 3 to 5 parts by mass of acetylsalicylic acid, and 1 to 3 parts by mass of salicylic acid. Specifically, the feed additive comprises 30 parts by mass of naphthylacetic acid, 26 parts by mass of indolebutyric acid, 12 parts by mass of cytokinin, 13 parts by mass of auxin, 12 parts by mass of vitamin, 8 parts by mass of trace elements, 4 parts by mass of acetylsalicylic acid and 2 parts by mass of salicylic acid.
The rooting agent is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight according to a ratio of 1: 30 mass ratio in alcohol.
(10) Soil improvement: and (4) the environment of the base of the ancient tree is treated, and all impurities are removed. And carrying out one-time proper excavation on the soil, wherein the soil is required to be gradually excavated layer by layer until a root system is found. The soil sterilization disinfectant, the biological organic fertilizer and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied in combination with tillage, the soil sterilization disinfectant, the biological organic fertilizer and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are mixed and pressed under mud during tillage, the shallow root system cannot be damaged during operation, the dosage of the biological organic fertilizer is controlled to be 1.5-2.5 kilograms per square meter, the soil sterilization agent can be mixed into toxic soil by 65 percent dikelong wettable powder and applied, or broad-spectrum sterilization agents such as carbendazim and the like and a proper amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are used.
(11) Setting air holes and density rods: if in the ancient tree crown projection range, the stereoplasm is mated formation more for soil hardens, has influenced the normal growth of root system, needs to set up the bleeder vent. 16 holes with the diameter of 120 mm are drilled at the position of 30 cm at the periphery of the projection range of the tree crown, the depth is 0.8-1 m, and 3-4 density rods are placed in each hole for 2-3 times per year. After the density rods are arranged, one bag of rejuvenation 360-water-adding 7-10 kg is used for irrigating the hole mouth in each hole, and the density rods are quickly disintegrated in the holes in the coming hours, if not completely disintegrated, the water can be repeatedly irrigated until the density rods are completely disintegrated. No packing is required in the hole.
(12) And (3) pest control: the pest control is to control the existing pests on the ancient trees, to pre-treat the overwintering pests and to control the termites specially.
Broad-spectrum sterilization and pest control agent is sprayed on the tree body and the ground near the root, and lime 0.5-1 degree lime sulphur is sprayed on the ground near the surface of the trunk, so that comprehensive pest control is performed. The method for preventing and controlling diseases and pests in the trunk and on the branches and leaves is used for controlling the diseases and pests in the trunk and on the branches and leaves. The pesticide is injected by drilling holes around the trunk, so that the whole tree body has the active ingredients of the pesticide, and pests can be poisoned and die no matter where the pests eat the pesticide. The specific operation method comprises the following steps: the tree bark is disinfected by carbendazim at the position, which is 2 meters below the ground, of the tree trunk without moth holes and cracks, then the tree trunk is drilled by a woodworker drill or a rechargeable electric drill with the diameter of 0.8-1 cm, the size of the drill is determined according to the caliber of the injection bottle, the injection hole is inclined downwards at an angle of 45 degrees, the periphery of the tree trunk is drilled in a spiral ascending way, the number of drilled holes is 2-3, the lateral branches with the diameter of more than 25 cm are drilled separately according to the situation, and the sawdust in the holes is taken out and inserted into the injection bottle of the medicine. Stopping the medicine, taking down the medicine injection bottle, inserting the medicine injection bottle into the hole by using a small stick, spraying a bactericide on the hole, and then smearing yellow mud mixed with the bactericide on the hole to prevent bacterial infection.
For termite control, it is proposed to use a termite-trapping bag, to dig a pit in a termite-active area at one or more selected points, preferably in a place where there is a sign of fresh termite activity, to place a termite bait LD type or LD-ii in the forest land, and then to cover the pit with dead branches, fallen leaves, soil, etc. The use method comprises the following steps: the feed is put into the pond according to the ant damage condition, generally every 6-10 meters, each pile is 3-5 small bags, and the feed is directly put into the pond without unpacking.
The special control for the blight, the tip of the leaf is yellow at the early stage of the blight, the yellow part gradually becomes brown and withers within 6 months, and the brown to reddish brown leaf margin disease spots are formed by locally expanding to the whole leaf margin. Thereafter, the lesion gradually spreads toward the base of the leaf until the whole leaf becomes brown or grayish brown and scorch falls off. The boundary between the diseased spot and the healthy tissue is obvious in 7-8 months, the edge of the diseased spot is corrugated and darker in color, and a narrower or wider bright yellow line can be seen at the outer edge part of the diseased spot. The disease spots are obviously enlarged from 9 months, the diffusion edges are uneven, and the boundary of healthy tissues is gradually not obvious. In addition, in 9-10 months, a plurality of irregular fading spots are generated on the leaves of the sprout at the base of the nursery stock or the big tree at an indefinite position, the center of the irregular fading spots is brown, the spots are not obviously enlarged but often matched with extended marginal spots, and the prevention method comprises the following steps: 40% carbendazim suspension 500 times or 90% Phytopaz 1000 times is sprayed once every 20 days for 6 times, so that the disease can be effectively prevented.
(13) Laying an overhead wood platform: in order to prevent the influence of soil hardening and hard pavement on the air permeability of the ancient tree root system caused by artificially treading the ground and destroy the growth of the tree body. Meanwhile, the whole effect of improving the peripheral landscape of the ancient tree is that the width of a wood platform is about 2.5 meters from the projection of the ancient tree crown to the interior of the trunk. The structural section of the wooden platform is shown in figure 2. The method comprises the steps of tamping soil at a place where an overhead wood platform is arranged, arranging three C35 mixed soil cast-in-place concrete with equal width, fixing an anti-corrosion wood keel on the concrete cast-in-place concrete, and fixing an anti-corrosion wood plate through a countersunk head bolt in the direction perpendicular to the anti-corrosion keel. The thickness of the anti-corrosion wood plate is 5 cm.
(14) Planting the ground cover: beautifying the environment and preventing soil from water and soil loss caused by soil exposure, and suggesting planting shade-resistant and breathable ground cover plants such as the wheat winter grass, wherein the density of the planted wheat winter grass is 36 plants per square meter.
(15) And (3) nutrition rejuvenation: the nutrient solution is mainly used for supplementing nutrition required by growth of the ancient trees by dripping the trunk of the nutrient solution and spraying the leaf surfaces of the ancient trees, so that the ancient trees can grow in a rejuvenation manner.
The ancient trees mostly lose their absorbed roots, the old roots are poor in regeneration ability, the new roots are slow in germination, the absorption ability is difficult to recover in a short time, although leaves are cut off, the ancient trees still evaporate a large amount of water, and when the supplied (absorbed) water is less than the consumed (transpired) water amount, the trees are dehydrated and died. In order to maintain the balance of water supply and consumption of the ancient trees, water supply and demand measures in the tree body can be adopted, so that the water supply and demand contradiction of the ancient trees is solved, and the recovery of the ancient trees is promoted.
And (3) conveying a big tree nutrient solution to the ancient trees by a trunk dripping method to supplement water and nutrients required by the growth of the ancient trees. The nutrient solution for the big trees mainly takes energy-gathering enzyme as a main nutrient component, is refined by combining special amino acid essence, cytokinin and anti-adversity factors with advanced biological chelation technology, and has rich and balanced nutrition. Can stimulate damaged genes of trees, enable cells to move quickly, permeate the interior of trees, improve circulation and ensure comprehensive absorption and utilization of various nutrients and water by the trees; accelerating cell division, promoting rooting, regulating physiological metabolism, enhancing photosynthesis, improving disease resistance, insect resistance and freezing resistance of trees, and promoting vitality. The stress-resistant factor is s-abscisic acid. The cytokinin is one or more of 6-benzylaminopurine, Zeatin (ZT) and Kinetin (KT). In this example Zeatin (ZT). The amino acid essence is amino acid fine powder which can be purchased from the market. The big tree nutrient solution in the embodiment comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1000 parts of deionized water, 30-40 parts of amino acid essence, 5-10 parts of cytokinin and 5-10 parts of anti-adversity factors.
The operation method of the infusion method for dropping the trunk into the big tree is as follows: selecting a part without moth holes and cracks below 2 meters away from the ground of the trunk, disinfecting the bark by carbendazim, then drilling by a woodwork drill or a charging electric drill with the diameter of 0.8-1 cm, wherein the size of the drill is determined according to the caliber of the injection bottle, the injection hole is inclined downwards at an angle of 45 degrees, the periphery of the trunk is spirally lifted, the number of the drilled holes is 2-4, the horizontal distribution of the infusion holes is uniform, and the vertical distribution is staggered. After drilling, a nail is nailed by a hammer at a position 1-1.3 meters above the infusion hole, nutrient solution is hung on the nail, and the infusion apparatus is inserted into the wheel flow hole when the liquid flows out. After the transfusion is finished, the transfusion device is pulled off, the transfusion bag (bottle) is taken down, the nail is pulled out by a clamp, and yellow mud containing a bactericide is smeared at the nail hole to prevent bacterial infection. Inserting a small wooden stick into the infusion hole, spraying a bactericide at the orifice, and smearing yellow mud mixed with the bactericide at the orifice to prevent bacterial infection. The nutrient solution is delivered to the big tree, and the pesticide is applied according to the growth characteristics of the tree, and the tree is changed for 3-4 times per month after 2-3 bags are used for each plant.
The trunk is injected with the pesticide by using tree power liquid to break dormancy and promote bud germination. The oral liquid can promote the division and expansion of cells in plants, accelerate the growth of cells and promote the recovery of tree vigor; breaking the dormancy of plant cells, activating the activity of the cells, promoting metabolism, enabling the physiological indexes of the tree body to reach a normal state, and increasing the germination capacity of buds; the bottle is inserted at the upper end of the trunk and the branches, so that the transportation distance can be shortened, and the liquid can quickly reach the required position.
The usage and dosage are as follows: and (4) drilling holes obliquely downwards at an angle of 45 degrees, wherein the hole depth is 3-5 cm, and the hole diameter is 6-8 mm. When in use, the rear cover is unscrewed, the aluminum foil is removed for sealing, the liquid medicine (2 ml per bag) is added into the bottle, and the cover is screwed tightly and shaken uniformly; then the front small cover is screwed off, the seal is punctured, the plug is replaced and screwed tightly, the plug is inserted into the hole and tightly inserted, and then the rear cover is unscrewed. Generally, 1 bottle is inserted in the diameter at breast height of 8-10 cm, one bottle is added when the diameter at breast height is increased by 10 cm, the bottle is inserted in the upper part of a trunk or the lower part of a branch fork at the first level as much as possible, and a bottle can be inserted in each branch.
And then the plant transpiration is weakened by using a transpiration inhibitor, so that the water loss is reduced. The transpiration inhibitor mainly comprises humic acid and substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like. Humic acid can reduce the opening degree of the leaf pores, reduce transpiration and reduce water consumption. The solution is diluted by 800-; in high temperature weather, spraying in the morning and evening is preferably carried out, wherein the spraying is carried out once every 7-10 days at the temperature of no water drop, and the spraying can be carried out for 2-3 times continuously.
Through the above treatment process, the ancient ginkgo trees in the embodiment have been treated and rejuvenated successfully. In the subsequent routine maintenance, it is necessary to fertilize it. The fertilizing method comprises root fertilizing and topdressing. The root fertilization comprises furrow fertilization, taper hole fertilization and broadcast fertilization.
The furrow fertilization comprises the fertilization of a radiation furrow, an annular furrow and a strip furrow. The radioactive ditch fertilization is characterized in that a trunk is used as the center, the periphery of a crown is subjected to radioactive ditching, an inner ditch from the trunk is shallow and about 15 cm deep, an outer ditch from the periphery of the crown to a projection is deep, the depth of the outer ditch is 40 cm, the width of the outer ditch is 40 cm, and the outer ditch can be properly widened. The fertilizer is put into the ditch to be covered with soil, and the sliding position can be replaced every other year or in sequence. The annular ditch fertilization is that an annular ditch with the depth of 20 cm and the width of 40 cm is dug outside the projection of the crown, and then fertilization and soil covering are carried out. The strip-shaped ditches are arranged at two sides of the periphery of the crown in the east-west or north-south directions, and one ditch for fertilizing is dug respectively. The depth and the width of the ditch are respectively 40 cm, the length of the ditch is determined according to the size of the tree crown, and fertilizer is filled into the ditch after the ditch is dug and then is covered with soil. The strip direction can be reversed every other year, and is generally combined with deep reversing.
The conic hole fertilizer is a specially-made fertilizer cone, under the crown the holes are uniformly punched, and the depth of said holes is 20 cm or more, and the human and animal dung, cake fertilizer or chemical fertilizer can be applied to every hole, and said method can be used for deep application, and does not damage root or only can rarely damage root. The fertilizer concentration in unit soil is high, so that the fertilizer is convenient to permeate and absorb by root systems, the ventilation condition of the root systems can be improved, and the secondary growth of the root systems is promoted.
The fertilizer is uniformly spread inside and outside the tree crown, and the fertilizer is turned into the soil by combining with loose soil. If the soil is dry during fertilization, proper irrigation is needed.
The topdressing is a foliar fertilization, which is a fertilization method for spraying liquid fertilizer on the crown. According to the growth and development characteristics of the ginkgo, foliar fertilizer spraying can be carried out for 6 times throughout the year, and 3-5% of urea solution is sprayed once about 20 days before sprouting in early spring for the first time, so that the problems of low soil temperature, late root system activity and poor absorption capacity in early spring can be effectively solved; spraying 0.2% urea solution about 15 days after germination for the second time to promote growth of young leaves and increase photosynthesis of leaves; spraying 0.5% urea solution in the middle ten days of the month for the third time, so that the growth of new tips can be accelerated, and the growth of the current year can be increased; spraying 0.5% urea solution in the middle 6 th month for promoting the growth of new tips and the formation of flower buds; spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution in late 7 month to prolong the growth period of new tip and promote the formation of flower bud; and in the sixth ten days of 8 months, spraying 0.4 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to mainly provide the photosynthetic function of the leaves. In order to improve the absorption rate, a sticking agent such as washing powder can be added during the fertilizer spraying, and the effect can be reduced when the fertilizer is sprayed by rain, so that the full consideration should be given.
The root fertilization can be carried out 3-4 times a year, basically in spring, autumn and winter.
The first fertilization, namely spring fertilization, also called as a long-leaf fertilizer, is carried out when the ground temperature begins to rise and the root system activity begins, namely from 2 late ten days to 3 early ten days, and mainly solves the problem of insufficient nutrients stored in the tree body. Before sprouting in spring, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is used as the main material, and phosphate fertilizer is properly matched to promote the vegetative growth, make the leaves quickly turn green, promote the formation of carbohydrate and protein and strengthen the photosynthesis. The first fertilization accounts for 25% of the total annual fertilization.
The second fertilization, in autumn, also called strong wood fertilizer, is usually carried out in the middle of 7 months. At this point, the floral bud differentiation stage is positive. And phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are used as main materials, and nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a matching way, so that the nutrition degree of the tree is improved, and the formation of carbohydrate and protein is promoted, thereby promoting the formation of flower buds.
And (3) fertilizing for the third time, namely fertilizing in winter, namely, strengthening root fertilizer, and putting slow-acting organic fertilizer into the fertilizer by combining soil deep ploughing. This fertilization is usually carried out from the end of 9 months to the last 10 months to enhance root growth. The photosynthetic products are refluxed in a large scale at the stage, the root system grows for the next time, and the fertilizer application has the functions of delaying the leaf aging, increasing nutrient accumulation, well filling and developing branch buds and increasing the number of roots. The fertilizer mainly comprises compost, animal manure, pond sludge, cake fertilizer and the like, and is applied with phosphate fertilizer and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer in a proper matching manner, and the fertilizer application also has the effects of improving soil and improving soil fertility.
The three times of fertilization are top dressing and quick-acting fertilizer is mainly used in the first 2 times. The latter time is base fertilizer, mainly slow-acting organic fertilizer. In the actual production, the fertilizing data and fertilizing amount should be increased or decreased according to the conditions of tree vigor and the like.
Daily pest control of ancient trees is also needed.
The method is adopted to cure 100 ancient trees, the curing success rate is 99%, and only one ancient tree is not cured due to too serious rotting condition and worm damage.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A ancient tree curing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) improve ancient tree root system soil oxygen content and permeate water, gas permeability: the method comprises the steps of dismantling hard pavement and reducing the thickness of a soil layer; the step of removing the hard pavement is to remove the hardened ground of the ancient tree base; the step of reducing the thickness of the soil layer is to remove redundant soil accumulated around the root system of the ancient tree;
(2) building a shading shed: keeping the distance of more than 100cm between the upper part and the periphery of the shading shed and the tree crown, and keeping the shading degree at 60-70%;
(3) moisturizing the trunk: tightly wrapping the trunk and the thicker branches with a straw rope, a cattail bag and a blanket which have heat insulation performance;
(4) water spraying and moisturizing: a plurality of fine-hole spray heads are arranged according to the size of the crown for spraying, and the phenomenon of excessive soil water or water accumulation at the base part cannot be caused;
(5) pruning and cutting treatment: pruning and pruning to remove branches, coating a wound healing coating agent or a naphthylacetic acid paste containing 0.01-0.1% on the wound caused by pruning, and directly and uniformly coating the wound healing coating agent or the naphthylacetic acid paste on the wound surface and the wound periphery at the position of 3-5 cm by using a brush;
(6) and (3) corrosion removal and preservation treatment of the tree body: the tree body is cleaned by scraping rotten matters of the tree body by using an iron brush, a scraper knife, a scraper and a chisel tool; the antiseptic treatment is to kill pests at rotten parts, and adopts a broad-spectrum systemic medicament to brush and spray after dilution; after the liquid medicine is dried, the liquid medicine is treated by using quaternary ammonium copper and emamectin benzoate special-purpose bactericide for tree bodies, and the germs in the tree holes are killed;
(7) filling the trunk and performing bionic treatment: after corrosion removal and corrosion prevention treatment, the surface is plugged by concrete, polyurethane materials are adopted to fill the plugging agent, after the plugging agent is filled, the plugging agent is removed along with the tree shape by a knife, a fire retardant is sprayed on the surface, a proper distance is reserved between the plugging agent and the tree body skin, a wire netting is covered, the outside is coated by water silt, the thickness is less than 2cm until the bark forms a layer, and then epoxy resin, purple gum resin and propolis are adopted to seal seams;
the bionic treatment refers to the artistic treatment of imitating bark on the surface of a filling object and a large-area rotten or damaged part of the bark, the main material is concrete, the color of the concrete is adjusted to be close to that of the bark, and the imitation is carried out according to the appearance of the bark;
(8) building a drainage and ventilation blind ditch: the distance between the built drainage and ventilation blind ditch and the projection edge of the crown of the ancient tree is 470-800 cm, the depth is 30-100 cm, the width is 30-50 cm, and a slope is set to the low water side by 3-5%; the drainage ventilating blind ditch is sequentially backfilled with 0-50 cm of block stones, 10-20 cm of thick broken stones, 6-10 cm of melon seed pieces and 4-5 cm of coarse sand from bottom to top, and double layers of non-woven fabrics and 10-15 cm of thick planting soil are paved;
(9) soil excavation and root system treatment: after all the redundant earthwork in the projection range of the crown of the ancient tree is cleaned, continuously excavating the soil with root systems growing around the trunk by utilizing manpower, and checking the conditions of the soil and the root systems;
if the phenomena of blackening and smelling of soil and root systems, death and decay of the root systems are found, concentration excavation, soil replacement and root system treatment are carried out on the root system range around the trunk, and sandy loam with good physical and chemical properties, loose soil, strong air permeability, water retention and fertilizer retention capacity and neutral or slightly acidic pH value is selected as much as possible for replacing the soil;
if the soil and the root system are relatively normal and the root system is dead and less rotten, the excavation and the root system treatment are not needed, and only the surface and the vicinity of the ancient trees are sterilized and disinfected once;
the root system treatment refers to the treatment of promoting new roots of the root system, and the specific method is as follows: completely dissolving a rooting agent in alcohol to form a liquid medicine; then the annular smearing mode of a root injection method or a root-bark stripping method is adopted for treatment;
the rooting agent comprises: naphthylacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, cytokinin, auxin, vitamin and trace elements;
the cytokinin is one or more of 6-benzylaminopurine, zeatin ZT and kinetin KT;
said auxins are a class of endogenous hormones containing an unsaturated aromatic ring and an acetic acid side chain;
the related vitamins comprise one or more of vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C and vitamin H;
the microelements are one or more than two of copper sulfate, disodium copper ethylene diamine tetraacetate, zinc sulfate, disodium zinc ethylene diamine tetraacetate, manganese sulfate, disodium manganese ethylene diamine tetraacetate, ferrous sulfate, disodium ferrous ethylene diamine tetraacetate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate and sodium molybdate in any proportion;
(10) soil improvement: carrying out one-time moderate excavation on soil at the base of the ancient tree, slowly excavating one layer by one layer until a root system is found, and applying a soil sterilization disinfectant, a biological organic fertilizer and a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in combination with reclamation; the dosage of the biological organic fertilizer is 1.5-2.5 kg per square meter, and the soil bactericide can be 65% of dixon wettable powder or carbendazim;
(11) setting air holes and density rods: drilling 16 holes with the diameter of 120 mm at the position of 30 cm at the periphery of the projection range of the tree crown, wherein the depth is 0.8-1 m, and 3-4 density rods are placed in each hole for 2-3 times per year;
(12) and (3) pest control: the pest control comprises the steps of controlling the existing pests on the ancient trees, pretreating the overwintering pests and controlling the pests specially by termites; the diseases and pests in the tree body and on the branches and leaves are controlled by a method of injecting the pesticide into the trunk;
(13) laying an overhead wood platform: laying an overhead wood platform into the trunk from the projection of the ancient tree crown; the overhead wood platform comprises mixed soil cast-in-place concrete, an anticorrosive wood keel fixed on the mixed soil cast-in-place concrete, and an anticorrosive wood board vertically arranged with the anticorrosive wood keel; the anti-corrosion wood keel is fixed on the ground through the anti-corrosion wood keel;
(14) planting the ground cover: planting shade-resistant breathable ground cover plants around the ancient trees;
(15) and (3) nutrition rejuvenation: carrying out nutrient rejuvenation on the ancient trees by trunk instillation and leaf surface spraying of nutrient solution; the trunk drip infusion comprises the steps of conveying a big tree nutrient solution to the ancient tree through a trunk drip infusion method and injecting tree power liquid into the ancient tree through a trunk medicine injection mode.
2. The ancient tree curing method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (9), the root injection method is a method in which a hole is punched in the root by using a punch, and then the liquid medicine mixed with water is injected into the tree body by using the punch; the root bark peeling method comprises cutting bark with a root cutter in a circle to obtain pith with a width of 3-5 cm, diluting with water, processing into medicinal paste, applying onto tree root, and directly applying onto wound after trimming root system.
3. The ancient tree curing method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (11), after the density rods are arranged, a bag of 360-kg rejuvenated water is used for watering the hole mouth with 7-10 kg of water, and within a few hours, the density rods are rapidly disintegrated in the hole, if not completely disintegrated, the water can be repeatedly watered until the density rods are completely disintegrated.
4. The ancient tree treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (14), the ground cover plant is ophiopogon japonicus, and the planting density of the ophiopogon japonicus is 36 plants per square meter.
5. The ancient tree curing method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (15), the big tree nutrient solution comprises energy-gathering enzymes, specially-made amino acid essence, cytokinin and stress-resistant factors.
6. The ancient tree curing method according to claim 1, wherein the infusion method of dropping the trunk into the big tree is performed as follows: selecting a part without moth holes and cracks below 2 meters away from the ground of the trunk, disinfecting the bark by using carbendazim, then drilling holes by using a woodwork drill or a charging electric drill with the diameter of 0.8-1 cm, wherein the size of a drill bit is determined according to the caliber of a medicine injection bottle, the medicine injection holes are inclined downwards at an angle of 45 degrees, the periphery of the trunk is spirally lifted, the number of the drilled holes is 2-4, the horizontal distribution of the infusion holes is uniform, and the vertical distribution is staggered; after drilling, nailing a nail with a hammer 1-1.3 m above the infusion hole, hanging nutrient solution on the nail, and inserting the infusion apparatus into the wheel flow hole when the liquid flows out; after the transfusion is finished, the transfusion device is pulled down, the transfusion bag or the bottle is taken down, the nail is pulled out by a clamp, and yellow mud containing a bactericide is smeared at the nail hole to prevent bacterial infection; inserting a small wooden stick into the infusion hole, spraying a bactericide at the hole opening, and smearing yellow mud mixed with the bactericide at the hole opening.
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CN114365640A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-04-19 | 中交园林(山东)有限公司 | Rejuvenation process for old and big trees |
CN114424728B (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2023-08-11 | 湖北省林业勘察设计院 | Method for improving transplanting survival rate of ancient tree |
CN114532098B (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-10-25 | 广西自贸区及时雨绿化管理有限公司 | Tree body repairing method for ancient and famous trees |
CN115443827A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-12-09 | 山东省林草种质资源中心(山东省药乡林场) | Ancient tree body anticorrosion protection method |
CN116376217B (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2024-01-16 | 韶关鑫山塑料有限公司 | Flame-retardant composition and preparation method thereof |
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