CN102834258A - 低发射率的emi屏蔽窗膜 - Google Patents
低发射率的emi屏蔽窗膜 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102834258A CN102834258A CN2011800168952A CN201180016895A CN102834258A CN 102834258 A CN102834258 A CN 102834258A CN 2011800168952 A CN2011800168952 A CN 2011800168952A CN 201180016895 A CN201180016895 A CN 201180016895A CN 102834258 A CN102834258 A CN 102834258A
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Images
Classifications
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Abstract
本发明提供一种低发射率的EMI屏蔽透明复合薄膜,所述透明复合薄膜通常与玻璃窗联用且包含:透明薄膜衬底,所述透明薄膜衬底的一侧上具有由耐磨硬涂层材料构成的底层与覆盖所述底层的至少一个红外线反射层,所述红外线反射层通常为可包覆于金属氧化物层内的金属层,所述金属层随后由具有硬化氟化树脂的薄外部保护性顶涂层覆盖。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2010年3月1日提交的美国临时专利申请号61/339,152的权益,所述临时专利申请的全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文中。
发明背景
1.发明领域
本公开涉及窗膜领域,所述窗膜具有低发射率(低e)以便最小化热能通过辐射的转移,并且所述窗膜适用于电磁干扰(EMI)屏蔽应用。
2.相关技术描述
具有低发射率(低e)的玻璃窗被设计来容许特定频宽的频率通过所述窗户,诸如容许可见光能够通过,同时反射此所需频宽以外的其它频率,诸如红外线(IR)。低发射率造成IR光谱内某些波的高度反射,并可用以改善建筑物与车辆的窗户的隔热。因此,这些低e窗特别可在寒冷的气候下用以保存居家、办公室以及汽车与其它受热环境中的热,减少温暖的内部空气透过窗户逸散至寒冷的外部。这些低e窗也可在炎热的气候下用以抵制来自受热外部的热能辐射透过窗户,从而保持内部的较冷温度。这些窗户可以有效地提供舒适度、能见度以及提高的能量效率。
窗户玻璃本身可被制造来提供低e特性。在制造工艺期间以及在安装前,玻璃是以薄金属层或其它材料来处理及/或镀膜以便实现所需的IR反射。这种处理及镀膜的实例描述在美国专利号6,852,419及7,659,002中。然而,由于种种原因,这种经过处理的玻璃存在问题。首先,其通常无法提供免受紫外线(UV)辐射的适当保护。其次,金属或其它涂层可能并未受到抵御环境的充分保护,而导致机械强度降低并使玻璃受到腐蚀。就这点来说,如果玻璃腐蚀或破裂或者当玻璃腐蚀或破裂时,就必须更换整个窗户。这样的更换不仅成本高,并且也可能难以与原始的周围玻璃窗户的外观及色彩相配。
一种更实际且具经济效益的方法是使用可粘附于窗户玻璃上的柔性聚合物薄膜。这类薄膜被广泛使用并提供多种阳光控制(solarcontrol)功能。所述薄膜易于使用,去除与更换方便,并且可轻易制作来复制所更换薄膜的色彩与外观。此外,柔性薄膜有助于翻新既存的透明玻璃窗格,并且可对所述透明玻璃窗格赋予阳光控制功能。就这点来说,所述聚合物薄膜还为家用物品提供一定程度的保护以避免UV损坏,例如,避免家具褪色。
绝大多数阳光控制薄膜是如下制得:通过金属化聚合物衬底薄膜,通常是聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)(PET),然后在所述衬底薄膜的金属化表面上层压第二PET薄膜。然而,这些先前的阳光控制薄膜是牺牲可见光透射率(即,通过所述薄膜的可见光量,“VLT”)来实现所需发射率,反之亦然,并且所述薄膜使发射率限制在最佳为大约0.3。
这种低e窗膜(发射率大约0.3)的实例公开于美国专利号6,030,671中。这种及其它先前的低e窗膜利用金属层来反射IR辐射;然而,金属易受腐蚀、刮擦及磨损。因此,在这种应用中,保护硬涂层被安放在所述金属层上,并面对要反射的内部空间(即,房间内部)。这种保护硬涂层是传统的交联丙烯酸聚酯基涂层,并且所述保护硬涂层是向薄膜供应抗破裂性、抗腐蚀性、抗刮擦性及抗磨损性所必需的。
因为这种硬涂层是吸收红外线(IR)的,并且位于IR反射金属层与房间内部之间,所以所述硬涂层降低薄膜的复合发射率。因此,所述硬涂层厚度产生的折衷可使厚度足以发挥保护涂层的作用,同时保持IR吸收率达最小值。无论如何,所述硬涂层通常无法提供充分的抗磨损性,并且当所述硬涂层厚度足以向薄膜供应必需的耐久性时,对于发射值仍有严重的有害影响。例如,美国专利号6,030,671描述安放在所述光学层(即PET与金属层)上的硬涂层,该硬涂层厚度介于1-3微米之间,并且厚度为3.0微米的硬涂层会致使薄膜复合物的发射率大于0.35。此外,为达到这个薄膜复合发射率,可见光透射率(VLT)会限制在约50%。
除了控制IR辐射,尚存在对控制电磁辐射的需要。在包括住家、诸如办公室的工作场所、制造与军事设施、船舶、飞机及其它结构的多种场所中使用的许多装置会发射出各种频率的电磁辐射。这类装置的实例包括计算机、计算机监视器、计算机键盘、收音机设备、通信装置等。如果这种辐射从所述场所逸散,那么为了破解与逸散辐射相关或编码在其中的数据,所述辐射可被拦截且分析。例如,存在用以从建筑物外的远端位置或从建筑物内的位置,重建呈现于所述建筑物内的计算机监视器上的图像的技术,这是通过检测来自所述监视器荧幕的特定波长频率来重建,即使无法从所述远端位置看到所述监视器荧幕。这是由已知的技术来完成,其中来自监视器荧幕的特定频率光线,即使是从所述监视器所在的建筑物或房间内的各种表面反射的后,也会逸散并由位于所述监视器所在的建筑物或房间外的另一位置的窃听者(eavesdropper)拦截且分析。显然,窃听者拦截这种辐射的能力造成严重的安全风险,在保密性极其重要的场所中需要消除所述安全风险。
虽然墙壁,诸如砖墙、砌石墙或石壁可有效避免光线频率从场所中逸散,但是射频会通过未受适当屏蔽以防止这种通过的墙壁。此外,窗户容许辐射通过到达所述辐射可能被拦截的外部,且可容许各种形式的辐射进入所述场所内,所述辐射诸如激光光束、红外线以及射频。因此,可从所述结构内收集敏感或机密的数据。
确实,美国政府长期以来都在关注诸如计算机、打印机及电子打字机的电子设备发出电子发射物的事实。TEMPEST(瞬时电磁脉冲发射标准的首字母缩写)程序是被创建来引入下述标准:减少来自用以处理、传送或储存敏感信息的装置的发射物泄漏的机会。所述程序通常是通过将电子设备设计成减少或消除瞬时发射物,或通过以铜或其它导电材料屏蔽所述设备(或者有时屏蔽一个房间或整个建筑物)来实施。两种替代方案都可能十分昂贵。
撤除一个结构上的窗户显然会最小化上述安全风险。然而,无窗或封闭结构的缺点是不言而喻的。因此,非常需要能够避免与数据相关的辐射穿过窗户的逸散,同时容许其它辐射通过,这样使得可获得由所述窗户提供的令人愉快的视觉效果,而无不当的安全风险。
对降低不良电磁辐射作用的需要带动了窗滤波器与薄膜的发展,所述窗滤波器与薄膜是用以阻断不需要的电磁干扰(EMI)的传送。然而,这些EMI屏蔽薄膜通常不具有上述的所需低e与高VLT。
鉴于对提高能量效率的无止境的需要以及现今竞争市场中安全性的重要性等两个因素,需要一种能够保存能量并保护电子隐私,同时维持适当的保护以免受暴露环境影响的薄膜。
发明概述
因为本技术领域中的这些与其它问题,在本文尤其描述一种低发射率透明复合薄膜,其包含:透明薄膜衬底;底层,所述底层由耐磨硬涂层材料构成并与所述透明薄膜衬底相容;以及,至少一个红外线反射层;所述复合薄膜的发射率低于约0.30,并且其中所述底层被布置在所述透明薄膜衬底与所述红外线反射层之间。
在某些实施方案中,所述红外线反射层可由选自由铝、铜、金、镍、银、铂、钯、钨、钛或其合金所组成的组的金属层构成。在另一实施方案中,所述复合薄膜进一步包含透明保护性顶涂层,所述透明保护性顶涂层的干膜厚度小于约0.5微米,并且所述保护性顶涂层被布置在所述红外线反射层上方。
所述底层可的磨损雾度差量(abrasion delta haze)小于约5%。在一些实施方案中,所述红外线反射层包含能够保护所述红外线反射层的至少一个薄金属薄膜。在另一实施方案中,所述薄金属薄膜是由选自由镍、铬、铌、铂、钴、锌、钼、锆、钒及其合金所组成的组的金属构成。在又一实施方案中,所述薄金属薄膜是由镍-铬合金构成。
所述复合薄膜还可包含至少一个间隔层,所述间隔层是由透明导电层、介电层或其组合构成。在一实施方案中,所述间隔层包含选自由氧化铟、氧化铟锌或氧化铟锡组成的组的材料。
所述复合薄膜还可包含多个薄间隔层,所述间隔层布置在多个透明导电层之间。
本文还公开一种低发射率透明复合薄膜,其包含:透明薄膜衬底;底层,所述底层由耐磨硬涂层材料构成并与所述透明薄膜衬底相容;以及,至少一个红外线反射层;所述复合薄膜的发射率低于约0.25。
所述复合薄膜的发射率还可低于约0.20。在一实施方案中,所述复合薄膜的可见光透射率高达约75%。
所述复合薄膜的发射率还可低于约0.10。在一实施方案中,所述复合物的可见光透射率约28%至约47%。在另一实施方案中,所述复合薄膜的可见光透射率高达约70%。
在某些实施方案中,所述复合薄膜的耐磨硬涂层材料是选自由高度交联聚合物涂层,热硬化丙烯酸酯涂层,基于硅酸盐、钛酸盐、锆酸盐或其混合物的热硬化溶胶凝胶涂层,混合有机-无机溶胶凝胶材料,热硬化硅氧烷硬涂层以及热硬化聚丙烯酸酯涂层所组成的组。在一实施方案中,所述底层是由紫外线硬化聚丙烯酸酯组合物构成。在另一实施方案中,所述底层是由含有金属氧化物纳米粒子的紫外线硬化聚丙烯酸酯组合物构成。
在其它实施方案中,所述红外线反射层可由选自由铝、铜、金、镍、银、铂、钯、钨、钛或其合金所组成的组的金属层构成。
本发明还公开一种制造低发射率透明复合薄膜的方法。所述方法包括以下步骤:提供透明薄膜衬底;混合包含聚丙烯酸酯组合物的耐磨硬涂层材料以形成混合物;涂布所述混合物至所述透明薄膜衬底的一侧;硬化所述衬底的镀膜侧以形成底层;以及,在所述底层上溅镀红外线反射层。
附图简述
图1是低发射率的EMI屏蔽窗膜的一个实施方案的剖面图,所述薄膜包括保护性顶涂层、粘附层以及释离衬垫(release liner)。
图2是低发射率的EMI屏蔽窗膜的另一实施方案的剖面图,所述薄膜包括保护性顶涂层。
图3是低发射率的EMI屏蔽窗膜的另一实施方案的剖面图,所述薄膜包括保护性顶涂层。
图4是低发射率的EMI屏蔽窗膜的另一实施方案的剖面图,所述薄膜包括保护性顶涂层。
优选实施方案的描述
本文尤其描述复合薄膜,其与传统窗膜相比发射率显著降低,同时也容许所需水平的可见光透射率(VLT),增大抗磨损性及抗破裂性,并且屏蔽电磁干扰(EMI)。在一个实施方案中,此复合薄膜是由透明薄膜衬底构成,所述衬底的一侧上具有底层及覆盖于所述底层上的至少一个红外线反射层,所述底层包含耐磨硬化丙烯酸酯树脂。
所述底层有利地增加机械强度并出人意外地增大复合薄膜的耐磨性,即使所述底层并非位于所述复合膜外部。换句话说,所述底层是介于所述复合物所附着的表面与所述IR反射层之间;因此,所述IR反射层更近地暴露于待反射的区域中。因此,如果复合薄膜是安放在一个窗户的内部,那么来自房间内部的IR不需要通过所述底层以便由其反射。或者,如果所述复合薄膜是安放在所述窗户外部,那么来自外侧或外部的IR依然不需要通过所述底层以便由其反射。因此,该复合薄膜的发射率(即,发射或放射IR的能力)可大幅降低。
所述复合薄膜通常被涂布于窗户的内表面或外表面上,并且优选地涂布于内表面。如本文所使用的“顶”为所述复合物暴露于待反射的区域中的一侧。就这点来说,所述薄膜的发射率是来自所述“顶”表面的IR能量发射的测量结果(诸如,当所述顶表面被安放在所述窗户内表面上时,反射回房间的IR能量)。另一方面,“底”为所述复合物附着于所述窗户上的一侧。为达本公开的目的,还应了解的是,本文所使用的IR能量通常是在论述长波长IR辐射,其比较短波长IR辐射与热更直接相关。然而,任何波长的IR辐射都可被反射。
但是应注意到,虽然本申请案中常明确讨论将所述复合薄膜用作窗膜,但本领域技术人员会了解,众多其它的应用也是适当的。例如,所述复合薄膜可附着于建筑物或临时结构的墙壁上,以用作绝热层或保温层以便将热反射回房间内。就这点来说,所述复合薄膜也可经装饰并附着于墙壁上,以在所述墙壁上形成装饰层。所述复合薄膜还可安放在冰冷或冷冻空间的外部上,以防止热进入此空间。此外,在没有以下讨论的作为所述复合物一部分的粘附层的情况下,所述复合薄膜可以滚筒形式使用,以用作帐篷、凉棚、遮罩或悬吊于窗户或天窗邻近处,但不粘附其上的卷帘(blinds)。就此类应用而言,可能需要具有非常低的可见光透射率以阻断尽可能多地光线,同时仍将热反射并保留在所述复合薄膜内部。具有粘附层的复合薄膜也可用于绝热窗玻璃的空气间隙中。这些额外的用途仅为示例并且绝非限制性。因此,应了解的是,当用作本申请案中所描述的窗膜时,如本领域技术人员所了解,其它用途也适用。
为了解本公开的复合薄膜,同样重要的是了解与复合薄膜相关的性质与特性以及用来测量聚合物中间层片材的这些性质与特性的试验方法。发射率是材料表面通过辐射(诸如IR辐射)来发射或反射能量的相对能力。换句话说,如果材料表面的发射率低,那么可降低热辐射的热转移。所述发射率是在相同温度下特定材料放射的能量与黑体放射的能量的比率,并且是根据ASTM C1371-04A标准来测量。本公开的复合薄膜的发射率为:低于约0.38;低于约0.35;低于约0.3;低于约0.25;低于约0.2;低于约0.17;低于约0.15;低于约0.1;低于约0.07;低于约0.03;约0.2至约0.3;约0.07至约0.10;约0.08;以及约0.17。
太阳能总阻隔率百分比(%TSER),如其名所指,是由复合薄膜阻隔的总太阳能(热)。数值越高,所阻隔的总太阳能(热)就越多。太阳能总阻隔率百分比是根据ASTM E903-82标准,由Varian AnalyticalCary 5分光光度计所测得的被镀薄膜的光与热阻隔性质计算得出,所述反射及透射数据是利用Parry Moon在Franklin Institute期刊第230卷第583-618页(1940)的“工程用的建议标准太阳辐射曲线(ProposedStandard Solar-Radiation Curves for Engineering Use)”所描述的参数来分析,该文献的全部公开内容以引用方式纳入本文中。
太阳能吸收率是入射太阳辐射由所述窗膜吸收的百分比。数值越低,所吸收的太阳辐射就越少。太阳能反射率是入射太阳辐射由窗膜/玻璃系统反射的百分比。数值越低,所反射的太阳辐射就越少。太阳能吸收率与太阳能反射率两者都可用上述用以测量太阳能总阻隔率百分比的方法来测量。
可见光透射率是透射穿过窗膜/玻璃系统的总可见光百分比。数值越低,所透射的可见光就越少。总可见光百分比是利用CIE标准观测器(CIE 19241931)与D65日光来计算。本公开的复合膜具有的可见光透射率取决于发射率为低于约1%;约2%至约5%;约25%至约50%;约28.5%至约47%;约30%至约45%;约28.5%;约47%;约55%;至多约70%;以及至多约75%。
本领域技术人员熟知电化学阻抗光谱(EIS),并且已应用于腐蚀研究多年,其为一种测量腐蚀率的精确方法。如本文所使用,电化学阻抗光谱是用来测量薄膜复合物在氯化钠溶液的氯离子影响下的抗腐蚀性。高的阻抗值(以M欧姆测量)意味着腐蚀较少。本公开的复合薄膜的阻抗值为约3.0M欧姆至约13.8M欧姆;约5.0M欧姆至约13.8M欧姆;约5.0M欧姆至约8.0M欧姆;约3.0M欧姆至约6.2M欧姆。
腐蚀也可以盐水喷雾试验来测量,该试验提供受控腐蚀环境,该受控腐蚀环境常用来产生暴露在给定试验室中的金属与镀膜金属试样的相对抗腐蚀信息。此试验是根据ASTM B117-09标准执行。在1000小时及2000小时后,接着通过摄影术与图像分析来测量复合薄膜样品的腐蚀。腐蚀程度是基于以下等级:1=无腐蚀;2=非常轻度腐蚀;3=轻度腐蚀;4=中度腐蚀;以及5=重度腐蚀。本文公开的复合薄膜表现出无腐蚀或非常轻度腐蚀。
复合薄膜的腐蚀也可以盐水暴露试验来测量。以盐溶液喷洒复合薄膜,以胶带贴附于水箱的盖罩上,然后在50℃烘箱中老化数天。在老化4、7与10天后,以自来水冲洗样品并检验其腐蚀。上述关于盐水喷雾试验的等级也可应用于这些样品。在老化4天后,复合薄膜并无腐蚀(1)。在老化7天后,复合薄膜是非常轻度腐蚀至无腐蚀。最后,在老化10天后,复合薄膜是非常轻度腐蚀至轻度腐蚀。
泰伯磨损试验(Taber Abrasion Test)是用于窗玻璃或显示器应用所用窗膜与其它薄膜的常用试验。这项试验根据ASTM D1044标准使用泰伯磨损试验机(Taber Abrader),利用每一个承载至500克的CS-T3滚轮。随着滚轮刮擦并研磨表面,薄膜变得更雾化。因此,雾度差量(delta haze)是薄膜在经受滚轮的磨损后雾化度改变的量度。结果是在滚轮回转100次之后以雾度差量引述。例如,聚酯薄膜的抗磨损指数通常是约大于30%。本公开的复合薄膜且更明确来说底层的磨损雾度差量是小于约5%;约3%至约5%;以及约4.1%。
醇磨损试验(Alcohol Abrasion Test)(称为“耐磨牢度试验(CrockTest)”)利用M238BB型SDL Atlas耐磨牢度计(Crock Meter)。选择纯的(100%)异丙醇(IPA)作为试验清洁剂流体。带有可移除织物端的机械手臂被安置来与样品薄膜接触。将织物浸泡在IPA中,再重复来回循环。结果是主观性的,且在50次循环时间间隔后查看产物的IR反射层的磨损破坏或穿透(breakthrough)。磨损程度是基于以下等级:1=无穿透;2=非常轻微穿透;3=轻微穿透;4=50%穿透;以及5=大于50%穿透。本文所公开的复合薄膜有利地表现出轻微穿透、非常轻微穿透以及无穿透。
粘着试验是根据ASTM D 3356标准。将胶带(3M 810与600胶带)贴压在样品表面上并保持约10秒,然后以180°角撕下。样品在试验之前并未清洁或标示。硬涂层样品在成/败测定(pass/faildetermination)中评估。
EMI屏蔽强度是根据ASTM D-4935标准,经由使用同轴TEM室的远场型试验来评估。所述试验测量产品阻断电磁辐射的能力。如所熟知并且常用的,结果是以分贝(dB)来报导。分贝值越负,所阻断的电磁辐射就越多。本公开的复合薄膜的屏蔽效率为约-23dB(其对应约99.5%的受阻断电磁辐射)及约-31dB(其对应约99.9%的受阻断电磁辐射)。换句话说,本公开的复合薄膜可阻断高达约99.9%的电磁辐射与高达约99.5%的电磁辐射。
参见图1,该图示出复合薄膜(10)的一个实施方案,所述复合薄膜包含透明聚合物薄膜衬底(11),所述衬底一侧上镀有底层(12)。底层(12)是以IR反射层(20)覆盖。虽然绝非必要,但IR反射层(20)可另外以保护性顶涂层(13)覆盖。如上所述,复合薄膜(10)的底部将为所述衬底不具有底层(12)的一侧,而复合膜(10)的顶部将为所暴露的一侧。
当用作外部或内部窗膜时,或用作附着于墙壁上的绝热层时,可另外在衬底(11)底部提供用以将所述衬底粘附至窗户的手段。例如图1所示,复合物(10)拥有提供于衬底(11)上的粘附层(14)。粘附层(14)可由任何适于接合衬底(11)至窗户、墙壁或任何其它衬底的胶粘剂构成。在接合至窗户时,压感胶粘剂优选,使用丙烯酸基胶粘剂则尤其优选。Gelva 263(可购自氰特公司(Cytec Industries)是此种胶粘剂的实例。粘附层(14)也可拥有附着在其上的释离衬垫(15)。释离衬垫(15)有利地提供相对于所述粘性粘附层的释离效果。所绘示实施方案中的释离衬垫(15)可包含:任何带有聚硅氧释离涂层的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)膜,其可从粘附层(14)剥离,在底座衬底(11)上留下粘附层(14)。或者,粘附层与释离层可包含:带有聚丙烯衬垫的透明无畸变胶粘剂。
透明薄膜衬底(11)是由柔性、透明聚酯薄膜构成。衬底(11)优选地是厚度约2密耳(0.05毫米)的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)或聚乙烯萘(PEN)。虽然绝非必要,但可以紫外线(UV)吸收剂处理PET或PEN薄膜,以便吸收高达99%的紫外线辐射。这种紫外线(UV)吸收剂薄膜的实例描述在美国专利号6,221,112,该专利的全部公开内容以引用方式纳入本文中。454或ST505聚酯薄膜(可购自杜邦帝人薄膜公司(DuPont Teijin Films),“杜邦(DuPont)”)是此类优选薄膜的实例。此外,薄膜可用化学品进行表面处理以改善对表面的粘着度。
底层(12)在下方衬底(11)与上方IR反射层(20)之间提供中间层,并且与所述衬底及所述IR反射层接合在一起,进而改善这些下方与上方光学层(即,复合薄膜(10))的强度、硬度与耐久性。另外,IR反射层(20)通常包括:易受大气腐蚀的金属;但是,底层(12)在抗破裂方面提供高水平的耐受性,即使底层(12)并未覆盖IR反射层(20)。因此,复合薄膜(10)拥有增加的机械强度及较大的抗磨损性、抗破裂性与抗刮擦性,且不会负面影响发射率。换句话说,底层(12)保护金属IR反射层(20)免受对于磨损与刮擦的敏感性的影响。本公开的底层的磨损雾度差量是小于约5%;约3%至约5%;以及约4.1%。
底层(12)可由任何硬涂层构成,如本领域技术人员对该术语的了解,硬涂层是与衬底(11)相容并且能够经由传统卷绕式镀膜法(roll-to-roll coating)涂布在其表面上。此类硬涂层的实例包括但不限于高度交联聚合物涂层,热硬化丙烯酸酯涂层,基于硅酸盐、钛酸盐、锆酸盐或其混合物的热硬化溶胶凝胶涂层,混合有机-无机溶胶凝胶材料(例如可购自Fraunhofer的聚合物),及热硬化硅氧烷硬涂层。硬涂层的热硬化,如果可实施,那么可利用热进行,例如在烘箱中或通过近红外线(NIR)加热进行。
优选底层(12)是UV硬化的无纳米粒子的聚丙烯酸酯组合物。更优选底层(12)是含有纳米粒子并由以下构成的UV硬化聚丙烯酸酯组合物:丙烯酸基树脂、金属氧化物纳米粒子、交联剂、光引发剂(photointiator)、溶剂及表面活性剂。如以下更完整地讨论,并非所有这些都是所述组合物的必要成分。此外,以下组合物是基于包含溶剂来讨论重量百分比。溶剂的添加仅是用来辅助使湿式底层(12)涂布至衬底(11)上,而溶剂在干燥后蒸发。因此,如本领域技术人员可轻易了解,例如以下描述的丙烯酸与纳米粒子的重量百分比可能取决于包含在湿式底层(12)组合物中的溶剂的量与类型而改变。
丙烯酸基树脂可包括:二丙烯酸酯,例如二丙烯酸己二醇酯(hexanediol diacrylate)、三环癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯(tricyclodecanedimethanol dicarylate)(可以Sartomer SR833购自Sartomer有限公司)、以及二氧六环乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(dioxane glycol diacrylate)(可以Sartomer CD536购自Sartomer有限公司)或二丙烯酸酯的混合物。其它适合的丙烯酸基树脂是氨基甲酸乙酯脂肪族丙烯酸酯(urethanealiphatic acrylates)(8301)。底层(12)优选地包含约10至约60重量百分比(wt%)的丙烯酸基树脂。如上所述,这些重量百分比包括:以下讨论的溶剂的添加。因此,在最后,干燥形式下,底层(12)可包含约40wt%至约99wt%的丙烯酸基树脂。
金属氧化物纳米粒子填充物通常是二氧化硅(SiO2)及三氧化二铝(Al2O3)。这些纳米粒子绝非必要;但是,将纳米粒子加入底层(12)会改善复合薄膜(10)的机械与物理性质。明确来说,纳米粒子增加底层(12)与复合薄膜(10)的硬度与挠曲模量(flexural modulus)。纳米粒子是以受控方式分布,以同时提供复合薄膜(10)一定水平的良好表面粗糙度。这种表面粗糙度减少结块(blocking),辅助卷绕处理,并改善对IR反射层(20)的粘着度。此外,因为纳米粒子非常小(通常平均粒度是50纳米或更小),所以其有低雾度与吸收率,因此对复合薄膜的清晰度或透射性质没有任何显著的有害效应。
SiO2纳米粒子尤其优选。所述SiO2纳米粒子是以纳米粒子分散体形式添加至丙烯酸酯单体及/或氨基甲酸乙酯丙烯酸酯单体中,并可购自许多供应商。这些纳米粒子的实例包括:C140和XP21/2135(可购自Hanse Chemie)、NanO-G 103-53(可购自Clariant公司)、FCS100(可购自Momentive Performance Materials公司)以及8311(可购自氰特公司)。这是纳米粒子通常的粒度为0.1微米或更低。所述纳米粒子在薄模形成、干燥与UV硬化期间保持稳定分散,而不会对雾度或光泽度降低造成任何显著贡献。底层(12)可包含:0wt%至约65wt%,并且优选约21wt%。此外,在最后,干燥形式下,在溶剂蒸发后,底层(12)可包含:不同量的纳米粒子,例如,优选约43wt%的纳米粒子。
交联剂在混合物经受UV或EB(电子束)辐射时,经由分子或基团的交联来诱导丙烯酸基树脂的聚合物链间共价化学键的形成。交联将混合物转化为更加固化的状态,提供底层(12)高机械强度与抗磨损性,并改善对IR反射层(20)的粘着度。交联剂可包括:季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯(pentaerythritol tetraacrylate)与三丙烯酸酯及其混合物,或适合的氨基甲酸乙酯丙烯酸酯(urethane acrylate)。湿式形式(即具有溶剂)的底层(12)优选包含:约16wt%至约40wt%的交联剂,并且更优选约21wt%的交联剂。
光引发剂是用来促进聚合反应,并辅助形成底层(12)的硬度。可使用本领域技术人员熟知的任何适当光引发剂,包括但不限于偶氮双异丁腈(azobisisobutyronitrile)与过氧化苯甲酰(benzoyl peroxide)。光引发剂的实例为184与907(可购自Ciba SpecialtyChemicals)。底层(12)优选包含:约2wt%至约7wt%的光引发剂,约2wt%至约3.5wt%,以及更优选约3.5wt%的光引发剂。
溶剂是添加来稀薄化所述组合物,并形成可更容易涂布至衬底(11)的溶液。在干燥后,所述溶剂从所述溶液蒸发,以使得最终的干燥底层(12)可包含极少量溶剂至不包含溶剂。适合的溶剂包括但不限于乙酸正丁酯(n-butyl acetate)、异丙醇以及MEK(甲基乙基酮)。底层(12)优选包含:约10wt%至约50wt%的溶剂,并且更优选约25wt%的溶剂。
许多表面活性剂是可接受的,包括常用在涂层制剂中以整平薄膜衬底的表面活性剂。适当的表面活性剂包括但不限于:1360(可购自氰特公司);Byk 3570、Byk UV-3530与Byk UV-3500(可购自Byk Chemie);以及Tego Wet 270与Tego Glide 432(可购自赢创工业(Evonik Industries))。底层(12)优选包含:约0.1wt%至约0.2wt%的表面活性剂,并且更优选约0.11wt%的表面活性剂。
混合底层(12)组合物的上述成分以利用本领域技术人员熟知的任何适当工艺来涂镀衬底(11)达到约3微米至约6微米的湿薄膜厚度,所述工艺均匀地涂镀且平稳地整平,例如反向式凹版印刷工艺(reverse gravure process)。在涂布至衬底(11)上后,在烘箱内干燥涂层,并在紫外线灯下以每分钟约80英尺的线速进行UV硬化。最终的硬化、干燥的底层(12)厚度为约1.5微米至约6微米;更优选约2微米至约5微米;并且最优选约2.5微米。如果底层(12)太薄,复合薄膜(10)无法拥有所需的机械耐久性、硬度或抗磨损性,复合薄膜(10)也无法承受安装与使用寿命期间的典型应力。
IR反射层(20)覆盖底层(12),并且可利用溅镀(如本领域技术人员熟知的溅镀工艺),或任何适当的沉积涂布方法涂布至底层(12)上,所述沉积涂布方法包括,例如,蒸镀或任何化学或物理沉积。IR反射层(20)可由在IR范围内高度反射的任何透明金属层构成。在图1的实施方案中,IR反射层(20)是由选自由铝、铜、镍、金、银、铂、钯、钨、钛或其合金所组成的组的金属层构成的核心层(16)。金与银及其合金通常优选。如下文更完整地讨论,可操控所述IR反射层内的金属与金属合金的类型与量以实现所需的发射率及VLT。例如,钨及钛比银及金对于光线的吸收更高,因此对于较低VLT的实施方案而言最为适用。
此外,如本领域技术人员能轻易理解的,反射IR的层,即图1中的IR反射层(20),可由单层金属或导电金属氧化物,或是金属、金属氧化物、及/或其它光学层(无论由金属或其它材料构成)的多层堆叠构成。例如,透明导电层或介电层可与核心金属层结合使用以控制IR光线反射及VLT,并保护核心金属层免受腐蚀。如在本技术领域中对该术语的理解,任何透明导电层都适合,包括但不限于,氧化铟锌(IZO)、氧化铟锡(ITO)、氧化锑锡(ATO)、氧化铟、氧化锌、氧化锡及其它金属氧化物、或其混合物。如在本技术领域中对该术语的理解,如果这些透明导电层足够薄,那么许多这些透明导电层也可用作介电层。就这点来说,对可见光透明的任何介电材料都适合,包括但不限于,IZO、ITO、二氧化硅、氧化铝、氮化硅或其混合物。当特定层是由透明导电层、介电层或其混合物构成时,本文将其称为“间隔层”。图2至-图4示出拥有上述多层堆叠的实施方案的实例,并在以下更完整讨论。
还可添加硬陶瓷,例如氮氧化硅(SiOxNy)及氮氧化铝(AlOxNy),以改善该薄膜(10)的机械与物理性质,且不会对热及光学效能造成不利影响。或者,较厚的陶瓷及/或金属氧化物层也可与IR反射层(20)并用或作为IR反射的部分,以产生特定色彩或反射水平,但是因为这些层多半更具吸收性,其可能于寒冷气候中降低保温水平。就这点来说,可操控金属、金属合金、金属氧化物、及硬陶瓷层的类型、量、与厚度以达到所需发射率、VLT、机械强度及视觉外观。
保护性顶涂层(13)是透明的,并密封经溅镀的IR反射层的表面,且应为非常薄的(例如,小于0.5微米),这样使得对复合物发射率没有显著影响。就这点来说,保护性顶涂层(13)对复合薄膜(10)用以获得抗刮擦性的硬度并无贡献。
如本领域技术人员可轻易地理解,要达到所需的发射率、VLT、与抗磨损水平,此保护性顶涂层(13)绝非必要。然而,保护性顶涂层(13)为复合薄膜(10)提供其它附加益处。例如,顶涂层(13)避免污染物进入,所述污染物包括但不限于大气污染物,例如受污染地区的气态硫化合物与来自指纹的氯离子。在不添加顶涂层(13)的情况下,这些污染物可能伤害复合薄膜(10)的物理及/或机械性质。顶涂层(13)也充当下方IR反射层的化学屏障,进而可减少腐蚀并容许摩擦物滑过表面但不造成刮痕。此外,在某些实施方案中,顶涂层(13)可具有低表面能量与磨擦力,从而有助于复合薄膜(10)的安装与清洁。明确而言,刮浆板(squeegees)或其它安装或清洁装置能够更轻易地在复合薄膜(10)表面上移动。
上述保护性顶涂层(13)的益处可在不显著影响复合薄膜(10)的发射率情况下实现,因为底层(12)额外提供了许多先前对保护性硬涂层所要求的这些益处(例如抗磨损性),因此容许使用极薄的保护层。本领域技术人员可轻易辨明本文未提及的其它益处。
保护性顶涂层(13)通常含有某种形式的硅,包括但不限于聚硅氮烷(polysilazane)、氟烷基硅烷(fluoroalkyl silane)及氟硅烷(fluorosilane)。保护性顶涂层(13)可包含,例如,约7wt%至约8wt%的聚硅氮烷。此种聚硅氮烷的实例是G-ShieldTM(可购自KiON SpecialtyPolymers公司)。或者,保护性顶涂层(13)可由以下范围的氟烷基硅烷或是氟硅烷构成:约0.5wt%至约1.5wt%;低于约0.5wt%;以及低于约1.5wt%。此类氟烷基硅烷或氟硅烷的实例分别是F8261(可购自赢创工业)及S10(可购自意大利的SolvaySolexis Spa公司)。保护性顶涂层(13)可另外包含:溶剂、光酸催化剂(photo-acid catalysts)、光引发剂及其它添加剂,例如驱散剂(repellants)(例如,Clear,可购自Silanex AB公司)。
但是,如本领域技术人员可轻易地理解,硅基化合物绝非必要。取而代之,保护性顶涂层(13)仅是设计来处理薄膜的表面,并提供上述益处且不会对发射率有显著影响。例如,也可使用用以处理玻璃表面的防护层,例如蜡型涂层,以及防污用的氟碳化合物。
优选保护性顶涂层(13)是UV或EB硬化的氟化树脂,其是由约1.0份的氟硅烷树脂、约0.5至约1.5份的光引发剂、及约97至约99份的溶剂构成,其中份数为重量份(parts by weight)。
溶剂是添加来稀薄化所述组合物,并形成可更容易涂布至IR反射层(20)的溶液。在干燥后,所述溶剂从所述溶液蒸发,以使得最终的干燥保护性顶涂层(13)可包含极少量溶剂至不包含无溶剂。适合的溶剂包括但不限于异丙醇(IPA)、乙二醇醚(glycol ether)、乙酸丁酯(butyl acetate)、二甲苯(xylene)、水及其任何混合物。所述组合物可含有:这些溶剂中的一种或多种。适合的氟硅烷包括但不限于氟烷基硅烷。此种氟硅烷的实例是S10分散体(可购自意大利的Solvay Solexis Spa公司)。优选光引发剂包括:CyracureTM 6976(可购自陶氏化学公司(Dow Chemicals))与1176(可购自Chitech公司)。
尤其优选的顶涂层组合物包含:约70wt%的IPA、约20wt%的乙二醇醚、约5.9wt%的水、约1.48wt%的氟硅烷分散体、及约1.48wt%的光引发剂。应注意到当本文讨论优选组合物时,总组合物可大于或小于100wt%。如本领域技术人员可轻易地了解,这仅是反映以下事实:对所给定重量百分比并不精确,且可四舍五入来反映约略(或“大约”)的重量百分比。此外,如上所述,本文讨论的重量百分比可取决于所添加溶剂的量与类型而改变,如本领域技术人员可轻易地理解。
混合保护性顶涂层(13)组合物的上述成分,以便利用本领域技术人员熟知的任何适当工艺来涂镀IR反射层(20)达到约1微米至约3微米的湿薄膜厚度,所述工艺均匀地涂镀且平稳地整平,例如但不限于反向式凹版印刷工艺。在涂布PET薄膜后,在烘箱内约80℃至约110℃的温度下,干燥涂层5秒至20秒。然后,以每秒约20至30米的运转速度将保护性顶涂层(13)UV硬化。最终的硬化、干燥的保护性顶涂层(13)厚度为小于约0.5微米,且优选约0.05微米。
现在参见图2,复合物(110)基本上与复合物(10)相同,例外的是IR反射层(120)是多层堆叠。在优选实施方案中,IR反射层(120)可包含:至少一个核心层(116)。核心层(116)可由在IR范围内高度反射的任何金属构成,所述金属包括但不限于选自由铝、铜、镍、金、银、铂、钯、钨、钛或其任何合金所组成的组的金属层。在优选实施方案中,核心层(116)为金-银合金,并取决于所要求的薄膜(110)发射率而具有约7纳米与约35纳米之间的厚度。然而,以上讨论的其它金属或合金在本实施方案中也适合。
IR反射层(120)还可包含:硅基层(114),所述硅基层毗邻底层(12)并辅助对所述底层的粘着。硅基层(114)可由氮化硅、氧化硅或氮氧化硅层构成,优选由氮化硅构成,并拥有约1纳米与约25纳米之间的厚度。硅基层(114)是由薄金属薄膜(115)覆盖,并拥有约1纳米至约5纳米之间的厚度。薄金属薄膜(115)起保护核心层(116)的作用,并可由选自由镍、铬、铌、金、铂、钴、锌、钼、锆、钒、及其合金所组成的组的任何金属构成。镍-铬合金尤其佳,例如HastelloyTM(可购自哈氏合金国际公司(Haynes International))或InconelTM(可购自Special Metals公司),并且如美国专利号6,859,310所描述,该专利的全部公开内容以引用方式纳入本文中。
然后,用第二薄金属薄膜(117)覆盖IR反射层(116),优选用镍-铬合金,其拥有约1纳米至约5纳米之间的厚度。第二薄金属膜(117)转而由厚度介于约40与约80纳米之间的间隔层(118)覆盖。如上所述,该间隔层是由任何导电层、介电层或其组合构成。间隔层(118)优选为由ITO构成的透明导电层。然后,以由氮化硅、氧化硅或氮氧化硅之一形成且厚度介于约1至约25纳米之间的第二硅基层(119)覆盖间隔层(118)。接着,以保护顶层(13)涂镀这个硅基层(119)。层((114)至(119))是由如本技术领域中熟知的溅镀形成。
现在参见图3,复合薄膜(210)基本上与复合物(10)相同,例外的是IR反射层(220)是多层堆叠,该多层堆叠是由包覆在多层堆叠内并夹于两个间隔层((214)与(218))之间的核心层(216)构成,如上所述,所述间隔层是由任何导电层、介电层或其组合物构成。IR反射层(220)是由毗邻底层(12)且厚度约45纳米的第一间隔层(214)组成。然后,以厚度约12纳米的核心层(216)覆盖第一间隔层(214),该厚度是取决于所要求的复合薄膜(210)发射率。此外,核心层(216)可由在IR范围内高度反射的任何金属构成,包括但不限于选自由铝、铜、镍、金、银、铂、钯、钨、钛或其任何合金所组成的组的金属层。在此实施方案中,核心层(216)优选为纯金或主要成分是金的金合金。然后,以厚度约35纳米的第二间隔层(218)覆盖核心层(216),所述核心层再由厚度10纳米且由氮化硅或氮化硅铝构成的硅基层(219)覆盖。层((214)、(216)、(218)、及(219))通过例如溅镀来形成。然后,以保护性顶涂层(13)覆盖硅基层(219)。
现在参见图4,复合物(310)基本上与复合物(10)相同,例外的是IR反射层(320)现由多层堆叠提供,该多层堆叠是由多个透明导电层((314)、(316)、及(318))构成,所述透明导电层起IR反射层作用并且优选是由IZO构成,中间插入薄金属氧化物层((315)及(317)),从而赋予复合物(310)柔性。薄金属氧化物层((315)及(317))优选但绝非必要地由镍-铬氧化物构成。例如,薄金属氧化物层((315)及(317))另外可由间隔层构成,所述间隔层是如以上定义的术语。IR反射层(320)是位于底层(12)上方,并且可具备保护性顶涂层(13)。
优选地,红外线反射层包括:多个薄间隔层,所述多个薄间隔层布置在多个透明导电层之间,其中透明导电层比间隔层多一层。然而,这种构造绝非必要。透明导电层及间隔层(或薄金属氧化物层)的数量可取决于所要求的IR反射层(320)的柔性而改变,并且IR反射层(320)中透明导电层的总厚度通常会决定发射率,而该等透明导电层的总厚度通常是多于约200纳米。无论如何,透明导电层及中间插入的间隔层的总厚度优选不应超过260纳米,虽然此绝非必要,如本领域技术人员可轻易地理解。
在一个实施方案中,IR反射层(320)是由毗邻底层(12)且厚度约65纳米的第一透明导电层(314)、厚度约5纳米且覆盖第一透明导电层(314)的第一薄金属氧化物层(315)、厚度约65纳米且覆盖第一薄金属氧化物层(315)的第二透明导电层(316)、厚度约5纳米且覆盖第二透明导电层(316)的第二薄金属氧化物层(317)、以及任选由保护层(13)涂镀的第三透明导电层(318)组成。层((314)-(318))是利用如本技术领域中熟知的溅镀形成。
图1-图4所示的复合薄膜可用于包括玻璃窗的车辆与建筑物的外部或内部。所述复合薄膜可供单层窗玻璃或者双或三层窗玻璃使用,并且可改善窗户的U因子。U因子度量热穿过窗户的转移或流失的速率,如美国国家门窗等级评估协会(National Fenestration RatingCouncil)所制定。此外,复合薄膜的任何及所有实施方案都可具备或不具备所述粘附层与释离衬垫。
上述实施方案提供一种改善的低发射率复合物,合并有异常低的发射率与抗磨损性及抗刮擦性的理想性质。例如,本文公开的实施方案的VLT介于约28.5%与约47%之间,并且发射率为约0.1或更低的非常低。此种实施方案在较温暖晴朗气候下是理想的。本文公开的另一实施方案可具有较高VLT,例如高达约75%的VLT,以及约0.20或更低的发射率。这个实施方案,例如,在较冷的北方气候下是理想的。此外,以上所述实施方案有效降低EMI。例如,本文公开的实施方案的EMI屏蔽值为约-23dB及约-31dB。
现在将参考以下非限制性实施例描述本发明所述的复合薄膜。
实施例1-2
复合薄膜“样品A”与“样品B”是根据图2构造,并且如上所述具有以下表1中所示的层与厚度。
表1
然后,根据上述试验方法试验样品A与样品B的光学及物理性质。结果在下方表2中给出。
表2
实施例3-5
也试验样品A以与多个类似样品做比较。样品A是如以上实施例1中所述来设计,样品具有未经处理的PET薄膜层。样品C提供与样品A相同的堆叠设计,例外的是PET薄膜经过处理并且省略该底层。样品D提供与样品A相同的堆叠设计(具有未经处理的PET薄膜层),例外的是省略底层。样品E提供与样品A相同的堆叠设计,例外的是移除保护性顶涂层。试验结果在下方表3中给出。
表3
表3的结果显示出:在没有支撑底层的情况下,复合物样品的耐磨牢度试验会失败。出人意外的是,耐磨底层的存在影响保护性顶涂层与IR反射层对于损坏的抵抗性。
实施例6-7
复合薄膜“样品F”与“样品G”是分别根据图3与图4构造,并如上述具有以下表4-5中所示的层与厚度。
表4
表5
然后,根据上述试验方法试验样品F与样品G的光学及物理性质。结果在下方表6中给出。
表6
实施例8-13
保护性顶涂层“样品H”、“样品I”、“样品J”、“样品K”、“样品L”及“样品M”是根据以上描述构造,并具有以下表7中所示的组成(以重量百分比计)。
表7
然后,根据上述试验方法试验样品H至样品M的光学及物理性质。结果在下方表8中给出。
表8
如上所述,盐水喷雾试验与盐水暴露的腐蚀程度是基于以下等级:1=无腐蚀;2=非常轻度腐蚀;3=轻度腐蚀;4=中度腐蚀;以及5=重度腐蚀。
实施例13-18
底层“样品N”、“样品O”、“样品P”、“样品Q”、“样品R”及“样品S”是根据以上描述构造,并具有以下表9中所示的组成(以重量百分比计)。
表9
然后,如上所述且用上述方法以使样品N-S经形成带有IR反射层。此外,接着制备具有及不具有保护性顶涂层(样品H)的样品N-S,然后根据上述耐磨牢度试验方法试验耐磨性。结果在下方表10中给出。
表10
如上所述,磨损程度是基于以下等级:1=无穿透;2=非常轻微的穿透;3=轻微穿透;4=50%穿透;以及5=大于50%穿透。以上结果说明:不具有保护性顶涂层情况下,底层可单独提供足够的、非常轻微的耐磨性。此外,结果说明:本公开的保护性顶涂层可提供某种程度上增加的耐磨性。
虽然已结合某些实施方案的描述来公开本发明,这些实施方案包括目前据信是优选实施方案的实施方案,但详细描述意图为说明性的,且不应被理解为是对本公开范围的限制。如本领域技术人员所理解,本发明涵盖不同于本文详细描述实施方案的实施方案。在不背离本发明的精神与范围情况下,可对所述实施方案做出修改与变化。
要进一步了解的是,就本公开的任何单独成分所给出的任何范围、数值或特性都可与就本公开的任何其它成分所给出的任何范围、数值、或特性互换使用,在相容情况下,这种互换使用形成具备适于每一种成分的界定值的实施方案,如同本文通篇所给出的实施方案一样。此外,除非另外注明,否则就种类或类别(例如介电金属氧化物)所提供的范围也可应用于所述种类内的物种或所述类别的成员,例如氧化铟锌(IZO)。
Claims (20)
1.一种低发射率透明复合薄膜,其包含:
透明薄膜衬底;
底层,所述底层由耐磨硬涂层材料构成并与所述透明薄膜衬底相容;以及
至少一个红外线反射层;
所述复合薄膜的发射率低于约0.30,并且其中所述底层被布置在所述透明薄膜衬底与所述红外线反射层之间。
2.如权利要求1所述的复合物,其中所述红外线反射层包含:金属层,所述金属层是选自由铝、铜、金、镍、银、铂、钯、钨、钛或其合金所组成的组。
3.如权利要求2所述的复合物,其进一步包含:透明保护性顶涂层,所述透明保护性顶涂层的干燥厚度小于约0.5微米,其中所述保护性顶涂层被布置在所述红外线反射层上方。
4.如权利要求1所述的复合物,其中所述底层的磨损雾度差量小于约5%。
5.如权利要求3所述的复合物,其中所述红外线反射层包括:能够保护所述红外线反射层的至少一个薄金属薄膜。
6.如权利要求5所述的复合物,其中所述薄金属薄膜是由金属构成,所述金属是选自由镍、铬、铌、铂、钴、锌、钼、锆、钒及其合金所组成的组。
7.如权利要求6所述的复合物,其中所述薄金属薄膜是由镍-铬合金构成。
8.如权利要求2所述的复合物,其中所述红外线反射层包括:至少一个间隔层,所述间隔层是由透明导电层、介电层或其组合构成。
9.如权利要求8所述的复合物,其中所述间隔层包含选自由氧化铟、氧化铟锌或氧化铟锡所组成的组的材料。
10.如权利要求1所述的复合物,其中所述红外线反射层包含:多个薄间隔层,所述间隔层布置在多个透明导电层之间。
11.一种低发射率透明复合薄膜,其包含:
透明薄膜衬底;
底层,所述底层由耐磨硬涂层材料构成并与所述透明薄膜衬底相容;以及
至少一个红外线反射层;
所述复合薄膜的发射率低于约0.25。
12.如权利要求11所述的复合物,其中所述复合薄膜的发射率低于约0.20。
13.如权利要求12所述的复合物,其中所述复合薄膜的可见光透射率高达约75%。
14.如权利要求11所述的复合物,其中所述复合薄膜的发射率低于约0.10。
15.如权利要求14所述的复合物,其中所述复合薄膜的可见光透射率约28%至约47%。
16.如权利要求14所述的复合物,其中所述复合薄膜的可见光透射率高达约70%。
17.如权利要求11所述的复合物,其中所述耐磨硬涂层材料是选自由高度交联聚合物涂层,热硬化丙烯酸酯涂层,基于硅酸盐、钛酸盐、锆酸盐或其混合物的热硬化溶胶凝胶涂层,混合有机-无机溶胶凝胶材料,热硬化硅氧烷硬涂层以及热硬化聚丙烯酸酯涂层所组成的组。
18.如权利要求17所述的复合物,其中所述底层是由含有金属氧化物纳米粒子的紫外线硬化聚丙烯酸酯组合物构成。
19.如权利要求11所述的复合物,其中所述红外线反射层包含:金属层,所述金属层是选自由铝、铜、金、镍、银、铂、钯、钨、钛或其合金所组成的组。
20.一种制造低发射率透明复合薄膜的方法,所述方法包括:
提供透明薄膜衬底;
混合包含聚丙烯酸酯组合物的耐磨硬涂层材料以形成混合物;
涂布所述混合物至所述透明薄膜衬底的一侧;
硬化所述衬底的镀膜侧以形成底层;以及
在所述底层上溅镀红外线反射层。
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CN107076893A (zh) * | 2014-11-21 | 2017-08-18 | 美国圣戈班性能塑料公司 | 红外控制光学膜 |
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TWI747794B (zh) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-11-21 | 鄭立銘 | 窗簾塗層及包含該窗簾塗層的蜂巢式窗簾 |
CN116815118A (zh) * | 2023-06-29 | 2023-09-29 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | 一种兼具疏水与远红外波段低发射率的柔性薄膜材料及其制备方法 |
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SG183487A1 (en) | 2012-10-30 |
US8771444B2 (en) | 2014-07-08 |
US20140072786A1 (en) | 2014-03-13 |
KR20130048718A (ko) | 2013-05-10 |
EP2542405B1 (en) | 2022-12-28 |
TWI505932B (zh) | 2015-11-01 |
JP5931753B2 (ja) | 2016-06-08 |
US20150301244A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
EP2542405A4 (en) | 2017-09-06 |
US9097842B2 (en) | 2015-08-04 |
EP2542405A2 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
JP2013521160A (ja) | 2013-06-10 |
US20120052320A1 (en) | 2012-03-01 |
AU2011223927A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
KR101963525B1 (ko) | 2019-03-28 |
NZ602103A (en) | 2014-07-25 |
RU2012141608A (ru) | 2014-04-10 |
WO2011109306A2 (en) | 2011-09-09 |
BR112012021760A2 (pt) | 2016-05-10 |
US8637169B2 (en) | 2014-01-28 |
CA2791785A1 (en) | 2011-09-09 |
US8613822B2 (en) | 2013-12-24 |
KR20170109699A (ko) | 2017-09-29 |
US8753758B2 (en) | 2014-06-17 |
CN102834258B (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
RU2559444C2 (ru) | 2015-08-10 |
AU2011223927B2 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
US20110308693A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
US20140065439A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
TW201139135A (en) | 2011-11-16 |
US20130342899A1 (en) | 2013-12-26 |
WO2011109306A3 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
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