CN1023706C - 含双(三叔烷基苯氧基)二磷杂螺十一烷的组合物 - Google Patents
含双(三叔烷基苯氧基)二磷杂螺十一烷的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1023706C CN1023706C CN89106082A CN89106082A CN1023706C CN 1023706 C CN1023706 C CN 1023706C CN 89106082 A CN89106082 A CN 89106082A CN 89106082 A CN89106082 A CN 89106082A CN 1023706 C CN1023706 C CN 1023706C
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- Prior art keywords
- tert
- butyl
- bis
- diphosphaspiroundecane
- polymer
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- FTWUXYZHDFCGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-diphenyloxamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FTWUXYZHDFCGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUWWHGPELOTTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=C(NC(=O)CC(C)=O)C=C1Cl DUWWHGPELOTTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- JKBYAWVSVVSRIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-(1-octadecoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)sulfanylpropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)SC(C)C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC JKBYAWVSVVSRIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLUAAOOSMNBCHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 3-(diethylaminooxy)propanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCON(CC)CC RLUAAOOSMNBCHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTTIENRNNNJCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl n-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)NC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NTTIENRNNNJCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000969 phenyl salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonous acid Chemical class OPO XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001627 poly(4-methyl styrene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002285 poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005671 poly(vinyl chloride-propylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005606 polypropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- JWESMTKQFFGIBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;3-(dibenzylamino)oxypropanoate Chemical compound [K+].C=1C=CC=CC=1CN(OCCC(=O)[O-])CC1=CC=CC=C1 JWESMTKQFFGIBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MQOCIYICOGDBSG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;hexadecanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O MQOCIYICOGDBSG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CASUWPDYGGAUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;methanol;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+].OC CASUWPDYGGAUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004405 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- GDESWOTWNNGOMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol monobenzoate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(OC(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 GDESWOTWNNGOMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJRHDFLHUATAOS-DPMBMXLASA-M sodium ricinoleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O IJRHDFLHUATAOS-DPMBMXLASA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003413 spiro compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000638 styrene acrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006249 styrenic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHSKRLJMQQNJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthalamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(N)=O)C=C1 MHSKRLJMQQNJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229950006389 thiodiglycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UIERETOOQGIECD-ONEGZZNKSA-N tiglic acid Chemical compound C\C=C(/C)C(O)=O UIERETOOQGIECD-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M trans-cinnamate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- IVIIAEVMQHEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCC IVIIAEVMQHEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN(CC)CC ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNUJLMSKURPSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctadecyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CNUJLMSKURPSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGKLOLBTFWFKOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-nonylphenyl) phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)CCCCCCCCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCC WGKLOLBTFWFKOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6571—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6574—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/65746—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus the molecule containing more than one cyclic phosphorus atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/527—Cyclic esters
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US223,318 | 1988-07-25 | ||
| US07/223,318 US5023285A (en) | 1988-07-25 | 1988-07-25 | Bis (tri-tertiary-alkylphenoxy) diphosphaspiroundecanes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1040381A CN1040381A (zh) | 1990-03-14 |
| CN1023706C true CN1023706C (zh) | 1994-02-09 |
Family
ID=22835998
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN89106082A Expired - Fee Related CN1023706C (zh) | 1988-07-25 | 1989-07-25 | 含双(三叔烷基苯氧基)二磷杂螺十一烷的组合物 |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5023285A (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0356687B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPH0280439A (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR0163028B1 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN1023706C (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU623155B2 (enExample) |
| CZ (1) | CZ283792B6 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE68916340T2 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES2054944T3 (enExample) |
| PL (1) | PL162422B1 (enExample) |
| SK (1) | SK278622B6 (enExample) |
| TW (1) | TW198050B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5308901A (en) * | 1988-07-25 | 1994-05-03 | General Electric Company | 3-9-diphosphaspiroundecane-stabilized polymer compositions |
| GB2258866B (en) * | 1991-08-13 | 1995-06-21 | Ciba Geigy Ag | N-methylated bis-4-piperidylphosphite |
| EP0559461A1 (en) * | 1992-03-05 | 1993-09-08 | General Electric Company | Enhancing color stability of polyolefin compositions |
| US5420184A (en) * | 1992-10-14 | 1995-05-30 | Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co., Ltd. | Thermoplastic resin composition and process for preparing the same |
| US5414034A (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 1995-05-09 | General Electric Company | Processing stabilizer formulations |
| US5559167A (en) * | 1993-07-22 | 1996-09-24 | General Electric Company | Gamma irradiated thermoplastics and articles |
| US5500458A (en) * | 1994-09-30 | 1996-03-19 | General Electric Company | Phosphite coated polymeric particles |
| US5786411A (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-07-28 | General Electric Company | Light resistant compositions of polycarbonate and graft copolymer resins |
| US6770693B2 (en) | 1998-07-13 | 2004-08-03 | Dove Chemical Corporation | Blends of phosphites and antioxidants |
| US6613823B1 (en) * | 1998-10-21 | 2003-09-02 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Phosphite additives in polyolefins |
| EP1195395A1 (de) | 2000-10-06 | 2002-04-10 | Bayer Ag | Thermoplastisch verarbeitbare Polyurethanelastomere mit verbesserter Eigenfarbe |
| JP5145622B2 (ja) * | 2001-07-30 | 2013-02-20 | 住友ベークライト株式会社 | ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物およびシート状成形品 |
| US7157511B2 (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2007-01-02 | Chevron Phillipschemical Company Lp | Phosphite additives in polyolefins |
| WO2013063467A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-02 | Arizona Board Of Regents, A Body Corporate Of The State Of Arizona Acting For And On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Thin film ferrite lamination |
| US9324484B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-04-26 | Arizona Board Of Regents For And On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Nanoferrite flakes |
| TWI503326B (zh) * | 2014-05-14 | 2015-10-11 | Chitec Technology Co Ltd | 螺環雙亞磷酸酯系化合物及其應用 |
| WO2020040191A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-24 | 2020-02-27 | 株式会社クラレ | ポリアミド組成物及び該ポリアミド組成物からなる成形品 |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3201437A (en) * | 1962-06-11 | 1965-08-17 | Union Carbide Corp | Neoalkyl phosphites |
| JPS5141899B2 (enExample) * | 1973-04-09 | 1976-11-12 | ||
| US4290976A (en) * | 1975-03-24 | 1981-09-22 | Borg-Warner Chemicals, Inc. | Process for the preparation of phenol-free phosphites |
| CA1078862A (en) * | 1976-03-04 | 1980-06-03 | James F. York | Preparation of organic phosphites |
| US4066611A (en) * | 1976-06-23 | 1978-01-03 | General Electric Company | Stabilized polycarbonate composition |
| US4207229A (en) * | 1976-07-30 | 1980-06-10 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Hindered phenyl phosphites |
| US4094855A (en) * | 1976-07-30 | 1978-06-13 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Hindered phenyl phosphites |
| DE2860898D1 (en) * | 1977-08-08 | 1981-11-05 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Process for the preparation of triarylphosphites |
| JPS56152863A (en) * | 1980-04-28 | 1981-11-26 | Adeka Argus Chem Co Ltd | Synthetic resin composition |
| DE3311832A1 (de) * | 1983-03-31 | 1984-10-04 | Röhm GmbH, 6100 Darmstadt | Flammhemmend ausgeruestete polymethylmethacrylat-formmasse |
| US4520149A (en) * | 1983-12-01 | 1985-05-28 | Gaf Corporation | Elastomer compositions |
| GB2156358A (en) * | 1984-03-23 | 1985-10-09 | Vyzk Ustav Chem Tech | Composition for heat and light stabilisation of polymers |
| US4692539A (en) * | 1984-12-24 | 1987-09-08 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Pentaerythritol diphosphite stabilizers and process |
| JPS61225191A (ja) * | 1985-03-29 | 1986-10-06 | Adeka Argus Chem Co Ltd | ジアリ−ルペンタエリスリト−ルジホスフアイトの製造方法 |
| JPS62167338A (ja) * | 1986-01-17 | 1987-07-23 | Chisso Corp | 難燃性ポリオレフイン組成物 |
| JPH0776291B2 (ja) * | 1986-07-28 | 1995-08-16 | 旭電化工業株式会社 | 耐放射線性ポリオレフイン組成物 |
| JPH0689238B2 (ja) * | 1987-04-24 | 1994-11-09 | 旭電化工業株式会社 | ポリエステル・ポリマ−ブレンド組成物 |
-
1988
- 1988-07-25 US US07/223,318 patent/US5023285A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1989
- 1989-07-05 AU AU37882/89A patent/AU623155B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-07-19 ES ES89113222T patent/ES2054944T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-19 EP EP89113222A patent/EP0356687B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-19 DE DE68916340T patent/DE68916340T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-07-24 CZ CS894467A patent/CZ283792B6/cs unknown
- 1989-07-24 SK SK4467-89A patent/SK278622B6/sk unknown
- 1989-07-24 JP JP1191212A patent/JPH0280439A/ja active Pending
- 1989-07-24 KR KR1019890010435A patent/KR0163028B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-07-25 CN CN89106082A patent/CN1023706C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-07-25 PL PL28076189A patent/PL162422B1/pl unknown
- 1989-08-18 TW TW078106409A patent/TW198050B/zh active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE68916340D1 (de) | 1994-07-28 |
| CZ446789A3 (cs) | 1998-02-18 |
| DE68916340T2 (de) | 1994-12-15 |
| JPH0280439A (ja) | 1990-03-20 |
| AU3788289A (en) | 1990-01-25 |
| KR0163028B1 (ko) | 1999-01-15 |
| PL162422B1 (pl) | 1993-12-31 |
| AU623155B2 (en) | 1992-05-07 |
| ES2054944T3 (es) | 1994-08-16 |
| US5023285A (en) | 1991-06-11 |
| TW198050B (enExample) | 1993-01-11 |
| EP0356687B1 (en) | 1994-06-22 |
| SK446789A3 (en) | 1997-11-05 |
| EP0356687A1 (en) | 1990-03-07 |
| SK278622B6 (en) | 1997-11-05 |
| KR910002983A (ko) | 1991-02-26 |
| CZ283792B6 (cs) | 1998-06-17 |
| CN1040381A (zh) | 1990-03-14 |
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